Presence and Metabolism of Endogenous Androgenic–Anabolic Steroid Hormones in Meat-Producing Animals: a Review J
Food Additives and Contaminants Vol. 26, No. 5, May 2009, 640–671 Presence and metabolism of endogenous androgenic–anabolic steroid hormones in meat-producing animals: a review J. Scartha*, C. Akreb, L. van Ginkelc, B. Le Bizecd, H. De Brabandere, W. Korthf, J. Pointsg, P. Tealea and J. Kayh aHFL Sport Science (a Quotient Bioresearch Company), Fordham, UK; bCanadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Canada; cNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, European Union Community Reference Laboratory for Residues, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; dLABERCA, Ecole Nationale Ve´te´rinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France; eFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; fNational Residue Survey, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Barton, ACT, Australia; gVeterinary Drugs Group, LGC, Teddington, UK; hVeterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone, UK (Received 17 April 2008; final version received 15 November 2008) The presence and metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones in meat-producing animals has been the subject of much research over the past 40 years. While significant data are available, no comprehensive review has yet been performed. Species considered in this review are bovine, porcine, ovine, equine, caprine and cervine, while steroid hormones include the androgenic–anabolic steroids testosterone, nandrolone and boldenone, as well as their precursors and metabolites. Information on endogenous steroid hormone concentrations is primarily useful in two ways: (1) in relation to pathological versus ‘normal’ physiology and (2) in relation to the detection of the illegal abuse of these hormones in residue surveillance programmes. Since the major focus of this review is on the detection of steroids abuse in animal production, the information gathered to date is used to guide future research.
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