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Sheet Metal Operations - Bending and Related Processes
Sheet metal operations - Bending and related processes R. Chandramouli Associate Dean-Research SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401 Table of Contents 1.Quiz-Key ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.Bending and related processes: 1.1 Sheet metal bending Bending of sheets and plates is widely used in forming parts such as corrugations, flanges, etc. Bending is a forming operation in which a sheet metal is subjected to bending stress thereby a flat straight sheet is made into a curved sheet. The sheet gets plastically deformed without change in thickness. Die and punch are used for bending. If a v shaped die and punch are used, the bending is called v-bending. If the sheet is bent on the edge using a wiping die it is called edge bending. In this process, one end of the sheet is held like a cantilever using a pressure pad and the other end is deformed by a punch which moves vertically down, bending the sheet. Usually, edge bending is done in order to obtain an angle of 90o. During bending of a strip, the material outward of the neutral axis is subjected to tensile stress. Material inside is subjected to compressive stress. Bend radius R is the radius of curvature of the bent sheet inside the bending. The neutral axis remains at the center of the thickness of the sheet for elastic bending. For plastic bending, however, the neutral axis shifts towards the inside of the bend. The rate of elongation of outer fibers is greater than the rate of contraction of inner fibers. Therefore, there is a thickness reduction at the bend section. -
Metalworking & Forging Safety and Tool Use Certification (STUC
Metalworking & Forging Safety and Tool Use Certification (STUC) STUC-at-Home; Fall 2020 Thank you for registering for 1 or more Department STUCs! Fall 2020 OSA dates are September 14- December 23. We look forward to having you in the Shops soon! In this STUC packet, you will find: 1. CIADC Health Safety Guidelines (Before Entering and In-Shop) • Our guide on health safety measures that Staff, Students, Members, and Visitors must follow to ensure the health safety of everyone while at CIADC. We appreciate your cooperation with this! For more details about our Healthy Safety Plan, click here. 2. Metal Shop-Specific PPE – Shared vs. Purchase • What PPE is required in the Metal Shop, and what we require/recommend YOU purchase 3. Metalworking & Forging Department STUC • **NEW** Items in Department • General and Department-specific information for you to know 4. Metalworking & Forging Department Material & Supply Purchase Form • What is currently offered 4-Sale in the Metal Shop 5. Metalworking & Forging Department Resource List • Where else to purchase material, supplies, PPE, etc. specific to Department 6. **NEW** Members: CNC Machining Services 7. OSA Reservation Procedure • To ensure we do not exceed the maximum safe amount of people in Shops during OSA, we are implementing an OSA reservation system 8. Programming Schedule • Class and OSA schedule for the upcoming term To Complete STUC: 1. Submit shop-specific online STUC quiz (click here for link) 2. Pre-Pay for 5-OSAs (Access Members only; will be invoiced) 3. Renew Liability Waiver (as -
Mechanical Metalworking: from Manual to Computer-Based Processes
August 04, 2021 Mechanical metalworking: from manual to computer-based processes Just like in an ordinary kitchen, there is more to the steelmaker’s kitchen than just the processes where high temperature plays a crucial role, such as boiling, roasting or baking. Before a dish can be served, it needs additional work to make it more appealing. The same is true of metals. Prior to their use, plates, tubes, rods and complex steel castings are subject to cold forming by special metalworking machines and lathes, which become more and more sophisticated each year. History of mechanical metalworking Let’s look first into the history of mechanical metalworking and its origins. Unlike many other processes that are unique to steelmaking, some ideas related to the mechanical working of metal surfaces came from related areas. The ancient Egyptians had devices for drilling holes in stones. Wood machining equipment that later evolved into turning lathes existed in the sixth and seventh centuries BC. Yet these types of processes were not applied to metals for hundreds of years. For a long time, metal surface treatment had several restricting factors. First, it required harder tools. Second, small-batch production did not need high-precision metalworking. Third, the industrial revolution and mass production of uniform products only became a reality in the 18th-19th centuries. The third reason was a key prerequisite for the appearance of mechanical metalworking. Smiths that made goods for individual orders gave way to large industrial manufacturers and factories that had the capacity to produce large quantities of uniform metal goods. Gunsmiths were among the first to appreciate the importance of standardised metalworking. -
An Analysis of the Metal Finds from the Ninth-Century Metalworking
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2017 An Analysis of the Metal Finds from the Ninth-Century Metalworking Site at Bamburgh Castle in the Context of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metalworking in Middle- and Late-Saxon England Julie Polcrack Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Polcrack, Julie, "An Analysis of the Metal Finds from the Ninth-Century Metalworking Site at Bamburgh Castle in the Context of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metalworking in Middle- and Late-Saxon England" (2017). Master's Theses. 1510. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1510 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ANALYSIS OF THE METAL FINDS FROM THE NINTH-CENTURY METALWORKING SITE AT BAMBURGH CASTLE IN THE CONTEXT OF FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALWORKING IN MIDDLE- AND LATE-SAXON ENGLAND by Julie Polcrack A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The Medieval Institute Western Michigan University August 2017 Thesis Committee: Jana Schulman, Ph.D., Chair Robert Berkhofer, Ph.D. Graeme Young, B.Sc. AN ANALYSIS OF THE METAL FINDS FROM THE NINTH-CENTURY METALWORKING SITE AT BAMBURGH CASTLE IN THE CONTEXT OF FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALWORKING IN MIDDLE- AND LATE-SAXON ENGLAND Julie Polcrack, M.A. -
Tool and Die Makers, Turret and Engine Lathe Operators, Sheet Metal
DO CU M E N T R ES U ME ED 025 582 VT 000 415 A Survey of Demand in Selected MetalworkingOccupations for Major Areas of Idaho. Idaho State Dept. of Employment, Boise. Pub Date Oct 66 Note- 34p. EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.80 Descriptors-*Educational Needs, Employer Attitudes, *EmploymentOpportunities, *Employment Projections, Employment Statistics, Labor Supply, Metal WorkingOccupations, Occupational Information,*Occupational Surveys, Questionnaires, Skilled Occupations, Trade andIndustrial Education Identifiers- Idaho To determine the state and area impactof occupational shortages inthe metal working,skills in Idaho and to provide abasis for planningeffective vocational education programs, the IdahoDepartment of Employmentconducted a sample survey of 68 employers in the metal workingoccupations. The occupations wereselected from a national list of hard-to-findmetal workers and ihcludedmachinists, welders, tool and die makers, turret and enginelathe operators, sheetmetal workers, structural steel workers, andboilermakers. The study,conducted inApril1966, .encompasses the ninemost populous counties inIdaho including 55 percentof the (1) The lack of qualified metalworkers has population. Some weneral conclusions were: of the not caused curtailmentof operation, (2) More welderswill be needed than any other survey occupations, (3)The demand for qualifiedmachinists should remain at a high level and (4) Seasonality inthe total employment ofworkers was implied bythe survey for the occupationsof welders, structural steelworkers, sheet metal workers, machinists, and. boilermakers.Statistical data is presented intable form and the interview questionnaire is included inthe appendix. (DM) 4 Ow. 111111111111111 11111111higill U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGLNIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL Of FICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. -
COMPREHENSIVE TUBE BENDING DESIGN GUIDE: Everything You Need to Engineer a Perfect Bent Tubular Component Tube Design Guide | 2
1 COMPREHENSIVE TUBE BENDING DESIGN GUIDE: Everything You Need to Engineer a Perfect Bent Tubular Component Tube Design Guide | 2 www.mchoneind.com CONTENTS 3 Intro 4 Keeping Your Design Within Budget 5 Common Terms 6 Useful Equations 7 Designing for Tube Bending Design Must-Haves Design Tips Materials Sizing Fabrications Tube Shapes Bend Shapes Bend Quantities Tolerances Bend Radii 17 Types of Bending 19 Potential Design Issues Springback Compensation Weld Seam Tube Elongation Tube Design Guide | 3 www.mchoneind.com Tube design can be messy, especially when you add bending to the mix. This guide provides essentials and tips for designing an optimal, affordable tubular metal product. For your convenience, we’ve also included basics on: ● How to keep your design within budget ● Common terms ● Useful equations If you get to the end and we haven’t answered your questions, we can address them personally by email or phone. McHone Industries has been in the tube production and fabrication business for over 4o years. We’re happy to provide expert assistance for any tubing project. Thank you for downloading this guide. If you find it helpful, please share it with your peers! Tube Design Guide | 4 www.mchoneind.com How to Keep Your Design Within Budget Costs increase when you add bend quantities, specify complex bends, specify different radii within a single design, or design a part that requires other extra care during fabrication. While some projects have unique requirements, many designs can be optimized for affordable manufacturing. Your specified manufacturer should provide value engineering services* to make this happen. -
Paumac Engineering Handbook
Tube Forming Handbook Use this handbook to design your exhaust tubing and we’ll build it to your exact specifications. • Specify tubing configuration • Select size, type and grade of tubing • Select plating or coating, if required • Minimize the cost of your tubing components Constant attention to detail and accuracy is an integral part of our manufacturing process. From the moment we receive raw material until your order leaves our door, we engage in step-by-step quality checks that insure critical tolerances have been met. Our quality control is enhanced through the use of computerized plotting, memory storage, printout conformation, and data processing. Inspections are automated for tighter control in critical areas including: bend angles, accurate straight surface positions, elongation, spring back, stresses factors and repetition. Page 1 PAUMAC TUBING, LLC is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Tubing Stock List 4 3. Tube Technical Data 5 Wall Tolerances for Round Tubing 5 3.1.1. HREW (Hot Rolled Electric Weld) 5 3.1.2. CREW (Cold Rolled Electric Weld) 6 3.1.3. Wall Tolerances for Round Tubing 7 3.2 Diameter Tolerance for Round Tubing 8 3.2.1. HREW (Hot Rolled Electric Weld) 8 3.2.2. CREW (Cold Rolled Electric Weld) 9 3.3 Dimension Tolerances 10 4. Tube Forming Techniques and Engineering Suggestions 11 4.1 Electric Data Interchanges and Bar Coding for Shipping and Part Identification 11 4.2 Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing 11 4.2.1. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 11 4.3 Tube Bending Basics 13 4.3.1. -
1. Hand Tools 3. Related Tools 4. Chisels 5. Hammer 6. Saw Terminology 7. Pliers Introduction
1 1. Hand Tools 2. Types 2.1 Hand tools 2.2 Hammer Drill 2.3 Rotary hammer drill 2.4 Cordless drills 2.5 Drill press 2.6 Geared head drill 2.7 Radial arm drill 2.8 Mill drill 3. Related tools 4. Chisels 4.1. Types 4.1.1 Woodworking chisels 4.1.1.1 Lathe tools 4.2 Metalworking chisels 4.2.1 Cold chisel 4.2.2 Hardy chisel 4.3 Stone chisels 4.4 Masonry chisels 4.4.1 Joint chisel 5. Hammer 5.1 Basic design and variations 5.2 The physics of hammering 5.2.1 Hammer as a force amplifier 5.2.2 Effect of the head's mass 5.2.3 Effect of the handle 5.3 War hammers 5.4 Symbolic hammers 6. Saw terminology 6.1 Types of saws 6.1.1 Hand saws 6.1.2. Back saws 6.1.3 Mechanically powered saws 6.1.4. Circular blade saws 6.1.5. Reciprocating blade saws 6.1.6..Continuous band 6.2. Types of saw blades and the cuts they make 6.3. Materials used for saws 7. Pliers Introduction 7.1. Design 7.2.Common types 7.2.1 Gripping pliers (used to improve grip) 7.2 2.Cutting pliers (used to sever or pinch off) 2 7.2.3 Crimping pliers 7.2.4 Rotational pliers 8. Common wrenches / spanners 8.1 Other general wrenches / spanners 8.2. Spe cialized wrenches / spanners 8.3. Spanners in popular culture 9. Hacksaw, surface plate, surface gauge, , vee-block, files 10. -
2003 Volume 19 1027 Central Drive Concord, NC 28027
2003 Volume 19 Order Online at www.IrvanSmith.com! 704 -788-2554 800-221-7223 1027 Central Drive Concord, NC 28027 1-800-221-RACE email: [email protected] RIVETS DOME HEAD RIVETS MULTI-GRIP / COUNTERSUNK RIVETS Aluminum Rivet with Aluminum Mandrel Aluminum Rivets with Steel Mandrel (All Quantities Approx.) All rivets also available in full boxed quantities. Part No. Dome Head/ Quantity Price Multi-Grip 3/16 Large Flange ABS 41-43 1/8x1/32 to 3/16 250 $10.00 Part No. Size Quantity Price 500 $20.00 ABA64L 3/16 x 1/4 250 $15.00 1000 $35.00 500 $29.00 ABS 43-45 1/8x5/32 to 5/16 250 $12.50 1000 $55.00 500 $22.50 ABA66L 3/16 x 3/8 250 $15.00 1000 $40.00 500 $29.00 1000 $55.00 Part No. Countersunk/ Quantity Price ABA68L 3/16 x 1/2 250 $17.00 Multi-Grip 500 $32.50 ABS 41-44C 1/8x1/32 to 1/4 250 $12.50 1000 $60.00 500 $22.50 3/16 Small Flange 1000 $40.00 Part No. Size Quantity Price ABA64 3/16 x 1/4 250 $10.00 Part No. Countersunk Quantity Price 500 $20.00 ABS 45C 1/8 x 5/16 250 $14.00 1000 $35.00 500 $27.50 ABA66 3/16 x 3/8 250 $10.00 1000 $50.00 500 $20.00 ABS 48C 1/8 x1/2 250 $12.50 1000 $35.00 500 $22.50 ABA68 3/16 x 1/2 250 $12.00 1000 $45.00 500 $23.00 1000 $45.00 1/8 Large Flange Part No. -
Boilermaker, Stainless Steel, Sheet Metal Worker)
ENGINEERING – FABRICATION TRADE (BOILERMAKER, STAINLESS STEEL, SHEET METAL WORKER) Boilermakers cut, shape, assemble and join metal parts to produce or repair containers that have to withstand pressure, such as ships, boilers and storage tanks. Typical Duties: Read and interpret plans Mark off on the metal where to cut, drill, bend and carry out other types of work, using measuring and marking-off tools such as rulers, punches and dividers Cut marked metal sections using hand tools, flame cutting torches, or metalworking machines such as guillotines and shearing machines Shape and bend sections and pipes by forging or using hand and machine tools such as vices, hydraulic presses and rolling machines Assemble parts and structures by lining up and joining them by welding, bolting or riveting, or with the aid of cranes and other equipment if the job is large Make templates in order to produce large numbers of identical shapes Program and operate numerically controlled profile-cutting machines. Ideal Personal Requirements to gain an Apprenticeship: Physically fit with high degree of manual dexterity Good eyesight Aptitude for mechanical work Aptitude for understanding mechanical drawings and specifications Attention to detail Entry requirements may vary but, generally, you need at least the successful completion of Year 10/11, including maths Having completed some work experience or study (VET/pre-apprenticeship program) in this industry is highly recommended Education and Training to become qualified: Complete a 4 year apprenticeship Trade school training is ‘off the job’ at a Trade training facility gforce.org.au ‘job vacancies’ . -
Bending & Metalworking Machinery
Call TODAY for a quote! MACHINERY BENDING & METALWORKING AND PROFILE TUBE,PIPE ERCOLINA Leasing Options Available 563-391-7700 PROFESSIONAL SERIES ® CML USA Inc. Ercolina TUBE, PIPE AND PROFILE “ Excellence in Quality, Support and Service ” BENDING & 3100 Research Parkway • Davenport, IA 52806 Ph. 563-391-7700 • [email protected] METALWORKING © 02/20 ercolina-usa.com MACHINERY Taking Care of Bending Manufacturer of Tube, Pipe and Profile Bending and Metalworking Machinery elcome to CML USA, Inc., North American supplier of Ercolina® tube, pipe and profile bending W machinery. vadimone/Bigstock.com We are pleased to offer our customers the highest quality Application Review tube and pipe benders and related metal fabrication equip- Demonstration / Training Facility ment available today. Ercolina’s affordable tubing benders and fabricating machinery are designed to reliably and accurately produce your applications – increasing profit, improving product quality and finish. Our product line is always expanding to include more manual, automatic and CNC pipe and tube bending machines, mandrel benders, NC swaging equipment and metalforming machinery. Ercolina’s experienced sales, service and support staff is always ready to offer positive application solutions for today’s fabricator. Company Profile: CML USA, Inc. consistently leads the industry providing Service After the Sale quality metal fabricating equipment to commercial and professional metal fabricators in the United States, Canada, Mexico and South America. Our product line includes rotary draw tube and pipe bending machine equipment, NC and CNC mandrel benders, angle rolls, section benders We invite you to tour our website or call our trained and and tube and pipe notchers, ornamental metalworking knowledgeable product support representatives today at machinery and much more. -
2000 Pig Book.Pdf
2 INTRODUCTION We may be entering a new millennium, but it’s the same old story inside the Beltway. Members of Congress continue to gouge and gore, lobbyists try to coax and cajole, and rattled taxpayers struggle to cling to the few dollars left in their pockets. No matter what the year, if it’s spring in Washington, taxpayers must beware the running of the pigs. This annual rite of passage takes on special meaning in 2000. Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) spent the entire winter searching through the fine print of the fiscal year (FY) 2000 appropriations bills, and the results were not the usual assortment of unnecessary and wasteful projects. CAGW found more pork- barrel spending than ever before, and that means it’s more difficult for taxpayers to avoid being run over by their own money. The 2000 Congressional Pig Book is cluttered with 4,326 porcine projects – a 52 percent increase over FY 1999. The final tally of $17.7 billion, a 47 percent increase over FY 1999, brings total pork identified by CAGW since 1991 to $100 billion. The eclipse of the $100 billion mark proves beyond a doubt that pork-barrel spending is a perpetual raid on the Treasury. The president, Congress, and even the taxpayers share the blame for this national embarrassment. First, our elected leaders in Washington can’t keep their hands off our money. Second, the big spenders believe they have the right to waste our tax dollars because they believe it helps them get reelected. In the end, the American people have bought into an anonymous bribe-taking scheme, selling their votes for a few measly little pieces of pork.