Bending & Metalworking Machinery
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Sheet Metal Operations - Bending and Related Processes
Sheet metal operations - Bending and related processes R. Chandramouli Associate Dean-Research SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401 Table of Contents 1.Quiz-Key ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.Bending and related processes: 1.1 Sheet metal bending Bending of sheets and plates is widely used in forming parts such as corrugations, flanges, etc. Bending is a forming operation in which a sheet metal is subjected to bending stress thereby a flat straight sheet is made into a curved sheet. The sheet gets plastically deformed without change in thickness. Die and punch are used for bending. If a v shaped die and punch are used, the bending is called v-bending. If the sheet is bent on the edge using a wiping die it is called edge bending. In this process, one end of the sheet is held like a cantilever using a pressure pad and the other end is deformed by a punch which moves vertically down, bending the sheet. Usually, edge bending is done in order to obtain an angle of 90o. During bending of a strip, the material outward of the neutral axis is subjected to tensile stress. Material inside is subjected to compressive stress. Bend radius R is the radius of curvature of the bent sheet inside the bending. The neutral axis remains at the center of the thickness of the sheet for elastic bending. For plastic bending, however, the neutral axis shifts towards the inside of the bend. The rate of elongation of outer fibers is greater than the rate of contraction of inner fibers. Therefore, there is a thickness reduction at the bend section. -
COMPREHENSIVE TUBE BENDING DESIGN GUIDE: Everything You Need to Engineer a Perfect Bent Tubular Component Tube Design Guide | 2
1 COMPREHENSIVE TUBE BENDING DESIGN GUIDE: Everything You Need to Engineer a Perfect Bent Tubular Component Tube Design Guide | 2 www.mchoneind.com CONTENTS 3 Intro 4 Keeping Your Design Within Budget 5 Common Terms 6 Useful Equations 7 Designing for Tube Bending Design Must-Haves Design Tips Materials Sizing Fabrications Tube Shapes Bend Shapes Bend Quantities Tolerances Bend Radii 17 Types of Bending 19 Potential Design Issues Springback Compensation Weld Seam Tube Elongation Tube Design Guide | 3 www.mchoneind.com Tube design can be messy, especially when you add bending to the mix. This guide provides essentials and tips for designing an optimal, affordable tubular metal product. For your convenience, we’ve also included basics on: ● How to keep your design within budget ● Common terms ● Useful equations If you get to the end and we haven’t answered your questions, we can address them personally by email or phone. McHone Industries has been in the tube production and fabrication business for over 4o years. We’re happy to provide expert assistance for any tubing project. Thank you for downloading this guide. If you find it helpful, please share it with your peers! Tube Design Guide | 4 www.mchoneind.com How to Keep Your Design Within Budget Costs increase when you add bend quantities, specify complex bends, specify different radii within a single design, or design a part that requires other extra care during fabrication. While some projects have unique requirements, many designs can be optimized for affordable manufacturing. Your specified manufacturer should provide value engineering services* to make this happen. -
Paumac Engineering Handbook
Tube Forming Handbook Use this handbook to design your exhaust tubing and we’ll build it to your exact specifications. • Specify tubing configuration • Select size, type and grade of tubing • Select plating or coating, if required • Minimize the cost of your tubing components Constant attention to detail and accuracy is an integral part of our manufacturing process. From the moment we receive raw material until your order leaves our door, we engage in step-by-step quality checks that insure critical tolerances have been met. Our quality control is enhanced through the use of computerized plotting, memory storage, printout conformation, and data processing. Inspections are automated for tighter control in critical areas including: bend angles, accurate straight surface positions, elongation, spring back, stresses factors and repetition. Page 1 PAUMAC TUBING, LLC is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Tubing Stock List 4 3. Tube Technical Data 5 Wall Tolerances for Round Tubing 5 3.1.1. HREW (Hot Rolled Electric Weld) 5 3.1.2. CREW (Cold Rolled Electric Weld) 6 3.1.3. Wall Tolerances for Round Tubing 7 3.2 Diameter Tolerance for Round Tubing 8 3.2.1. HREW (Hot Rolled Electric Weld) 8 3.2.2. CREW (Cold Rolled Electric Weld) 9 3.3 Dimension Tolerances 10 4. Tube Forming Techniques and Engineering Suggestions 11 4.1 Electric Data Interchanges and Bar Coding for Shipping and Part Identification 11 4.2 Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing 11 4.2.1. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 11 4.3 Tube Bending Basics 13 4.3.1. -
Hand-Forging and Wrought-Iron Ornamental Work
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2003 Volume 19 1027 Central Drive Concord, NC 28027
2003 Volume 19 Order Online at www.IrvanSmith.com! 704 -788-2554 800-221-7223 1027 Central Drive Concord, NC 28027 1-800-221-RACE email: [email protected] RIVETS DOME HEAD RIVETS MULTI-GRIP / COUNTERSUNK RIVETS Aluminum Rivet with Aluminum Mandrel Aluminum Rivets with Steel Mandrel (All Quantities Approx.) All rivets also available in full boxed quantities. Part No. Dome Head/ Quantity Price Multi-Grip 3/16 Large Flange ABS 41-43 1/8x1/32 to 3/16 250 $10.00 Part No. Size Quantity Price 500 $20.00 ABA64L 3/16 x 1/4 250 $15.00 1000 $35.00 500 $29.00 ABS 43-45 1/8x5/32 to 5/16 250 $12.50 1000 $55.00 500 $22.50 ABA66L 3/16 x 3/8 250 $15.00 1000 $40.00 500 $29.00 1000 $55.00 Part No. Countersunk/ Quantity Price ABA68L 3/16 x 1/2 250 $17.00 Multi-Grip 500 $32.50 ABS 41-44C 1/8x1/32 to 1/4 250 $12.50 1000 $60.00 500 $22.50 3/16 Small Flange 1000 $40.00 Part No. Size Quantity Price ABA64 3/16 x 1/4 250 $10.00 Part No. Countersunk Quantity Price 500 $20.00 ABS 45C 1/8 x 5/16 250 $14.00 1000 $35.00 500 $27.50 ABA66 3/16 x 3/8 250 $10.00 1000 $50.00 500 $20.00 ABS 48C 1/8 x1/2 250 $12.50 1000 $35.00 500 $22.50 ABA68 3/16 x 1/2 250 $12.00 1000 $45.00 500 $23.00 1000 $45.00 1/8 Large Flange Part No. -
Edcon Steel Garrick Herbert Catalogue
ARRICK G ERBERT H pty. ltd. Manufacturers and Industrial Agents www.garrickherbert.com.au Product Catalogue 2019 BRAMLEY By GARRICK GARRICK GARRICK GARRICK PIPE & TUBE LIFTING EQUIPMENT OILS GARRICK GARRICK GARRICK MACHINE TOOLS SPILL MANAGEMENT MADE IN SPAIN The Company Garrick Herbert Pty Ltd was established in March 1981 as the newest member of the Herbert Engineering Group. Its parent company, R.R. Bramley & Co. Ltd was founded in Auckland, New Zealand in 1921 by Richard Bramley as an Engineering workshop. Philip Herbert purchased the company in 1954 and commenced production of the ‘BRAMLEY’ range of small engineering machine tools. Exports of these products to Australia grew to the stage that GARRICK his youngest son, Myles Herbert, moved to Sydney SPILL MANAGEMENT to establish Garrick Herbert P/L as a local base for distribution of the range throughout Australia. To complement the Bramley range, international brands for allied quality products were introduced. GARRICK Early additions were the Asada Threading Machines LIFTING EQUIPMENT and Irega Adjustable Wrenches - both now market leaders in Australia. In 1987 manufacturing at the Sydney operation began with the introduction of ‘Bramley - Aust Made’ sheetmetal Curving Rolls. Following the success of GARRICK GARRICK that product range LINISHALL, the brand leader in MACHINE TOOLS Belt Grinding, was purchased in 1991 and integrated into the Sydney facility. The company now represents a diverse collection of reputable manufacturers from Australia, New GARRICK Zealand, Japan, USA, Spain, Thailand, China and PIPE & TUBE other countries and distributes their products through Industrial Supply and Machinery Merchants throughout Australia. Only the highest quality products suitable for industrial trade users are selected. -
Boilermaker Level 3
Boilermaker Level 3 Rev. Dec/16 Boilermaker Unit: A6 Orientation II: Journeywork Level: Three Duration: 7 hours Theory: 7 hours Practical: 0 hours Overview: Boilermaker technical training offers an entry-level orientation to the challenges of apprenticeship learning. The present unit introduces senior apprentices to the responsibilities of workplace teaching that they will assume as supervising journeypersons. Tradeworkers have a particularly rich tradition of refreshing and sharing their skills from one generation of practitioners to the next. This unit orients senior apprentices to some of the practical and conceptual tools that can enable them to contribute to this trade heritage when they themselves become certified journeypersons. The journeyperson’s obligation to assist trade learners to develop skills and knowledge is complex and challenging. It involves safety considerations, employer expectations, provincial regulations, as well as the tradition of skills stewardship that links modern practice with the long history of workplace teaching and learning that defines the apprenticeable trades. The ability to offer timely, appropriate support to apprentices is itself an important area of trade learning. This unit presents material intended to help refine this ability through reflection and discussion by senior apprentices, and dialogue with their instructor. The detailed descriptors under each unit objective reflect Manitoba and Canadian standards prescribed for journey-level supervisory capabilities, as well as key topics in current research on the importance of workplace teaching and learning in trades- apprenticeship systems. Thus, descriptors represent suggested focal points or guidelines for potentially worthwhile exploration. Delivery of this content will vary with the discretion of individual instructors, and with the experiences senior apprentices bring forward for group/individual reflection on the skills-stewardship dimension of their own future practice as journeypersons. -
Boilermaking Manual. INSTITUTION British Columbia Dept
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 246 301 CE 039 364 TITLE Boilermaking Manual. INSTITUTION British Columbia Dept. of Education, Victoria. REPORT NO ISBN-0-7718-8254-8. PUB DATE [82] NOTE 381p.; Developed in cooperation with the 1pprenticeship Training Programs Branch, Ministry of Labour. Photographs may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMPublication Services Branch, Ministry of Education, 878 Viewfield Road, Victoria, BC V9A 4V1 ($10.00). PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (OW EARS PRICE MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EARS. DESCRIPTORS Apprenticeships; Blue Collar Occupations; Blueprints; *Construction (Process); Construction Materials; Drafting; Foreign Countries; Hand Tools; Industrial Personnel; *Industrial Training; Inplant Programs; Machine Tools; Mathematical Applications; *Mechanical Skills; Metal Industry; Metals; Metal Working; *On the Job Training; Postsecondary Education; Power Technology; Quality Control; Safety; *Sheet Metal Work; Skilled Occupations; Skilled Workers; Trade and Industrial Education; Trainees; Welding IDENTIFIERS *Boilermakers; *Boilers; British Columbia ABSTRACT This manual is intended (I) to provide an information resource to supplement the formal training program for boilermaker apprentices; (2) to assist the journeyworker to build on present knowledge to increase expertise and qualify for formal accreditation in the boilermaking trade; and (3) to serve as an on-the-job reference with sound, up-to-date guidelines for all aspects of the trade. The manual is organized into 13 chapters that cover the following topics: safety; boilermaker tools; mathematics; material, blueprint reading and sketching; layout; boilershop fabrication; rigging and erection; welding; quality control and inspection; boilers; dust collection systems; tanks and stacks; and hydro-electric power development. Each chapter contains an introduction and information about the topic, illustrated with charts, line drawings, and photographs. -
Multiple Instability-Constrained Tube Bending Limits
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 214 (2014) 445–455 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Materials Processing Technology jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmatprotec Multiple instability-constrained tube bending limits a a,∗ a b a c H. Li , H. Yang , Z.Y. Zhang , G.J. Li , N. Liu , T. Welo a State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China b Chengdu Aircraft Industry (Group) Corporation Ltd., Chengdu 610092, China c Department of Engineering Design and Materials, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Understanding the bending limits is critical to extract the forming potential and to achieve precision Received 28 January 2013 tube bending. The most challenging task is the development of the tube bending limits in the presence Received in revised form of unequal deformation induced multiple instabilities and multi-factor coupling effects. Using analytical 23 September 2013 and 3D-FE methods as well as experiments, a comprehensive map of the tube bending limits during rotary Accepted 28 September 2013 draw bending is provided under a wide range of tube sizes, material types and processing parameters. Available online 7 October 2013 The major results show: (1) For each instability, the intrinsic factors (tube geometrical parameters, D and t, and mechanical properties, m) dependent bending limits are clarified, and evident interactive or even Keywords: conflicting effects are observed. (2) Under mandrel bending, the significant effects of the intrinsic factors Forming limit on the wrinkling limit are reduced, the neglected effects of D/t on the thinning limit are magnified; Tube bending Instabilities the significant influences of D/t on the flattening limit even become contrary, and the effects of m on Formability wrinkling and thinning limit are opposite to that on the flattening limit. -
High Integrity Die Casting Processes
HIGH INTEGRITY DIE CASTING PROCESSES EDWARD J. VINARCIK JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. This book is printed on acid-free paper. ࠗϱ Copyright ᭧ 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, New York. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: [email protected]. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, in- cidental, consequential, or other damages. -
Importers and Wholesalers of Stainless Steel Hardware and Wire Rope Fittings, Swage Presses and Associated Machinery. Grade 50 Load Rated Lifting Chain and Components
Importers and Wholesalers of Stainless Steel Hardware and Wire Rope Fittings, Swage Presses and associated machinery. Grade 50 load rated lifting chain and components. BRIDGE & COMPANY PTY LTD 37 Taree Street Burleigh QLD 4220 Telephone: (07) 55 935 688 Fax: (07 55 935 872 Email: [email protected] www.bridco.com.au This catalogue contains a comprehensive range STAINLESS STEEL LIFTING COMPONENTS: INTRODUCTION of quality stainless steel components for virtually High quality 316L grade Stainless Steel products, all rigging and architectural requirements. rated specifically for the lifting industry. High grade chain, hooks, rings and shackles. Using this catalogue Some products in this catalogue have been TALURIT SWAGE CLAMPS: tested for strength. These are measured in 2 EN standard aluminium clamps for wire rope different ways. swaging. Hydraulic clamps in copper and TDL (Tested Deformation Load) is the load at stainless steel. which the product starts to deform. WIRETEKNIK: BS (Breaking strength) is the load at which the Roll swage machines for terminal swaging. product breaks. Due to the low yield strength of Variety of sizes available, top quality. Lloyd’s stainless steel, deformation will often occur at approved. much lower loads than the breaking strength, depending on the product, e.g. a forged 10mm CLAMP PRODUCTS: stainless steel shackle will have a breaking load Wide range of quality hand swage ferrules and of approximately 5500kg, with deformation tools. of the shackle beginning at 1600kg, whereas a grade “S” steel shackle in the same physical CROMOX RANGE: size might have the same breaking load, but the Grade 50 & 60 rated lifting gear. -
Cold Forging Offers Superior Strength
Cold Forging Technology Offers Superior Strength, Part Integrity and Material Utilization Improved Grain Structures This Tech Bulletin provides information on how Cold Forging processes can deliver superior product strength and material integrity as compared with conventional machining processes. Cold forging technology is applicable for a wide variety of parts that require high-volume production and critical strength parameters in the automotive, medical aerospace, consumer products and other industry sectors. Overview of Cold Forging Cold forging is basically an “impact forming” process that deforms a piece of raw material plastically, under high compressive force, between a punch and a die using suitable equipment such as a machine press. Some basic cold forging techniques include Extrusion (forward, backward, forward & backward), Coining, Upsetting, and Swaging. These techniques may take place in the same punch stroke or in separate operations, depending on the specific application requirements. In essence, cold forging is a displacement process that forms the existing material into the desired shape as compared with conventional machining, which uses a removal process to take away material to create the desired shape. Some of the key advantages of Cold Forging, as detailed in other Tech Bulletins, include: • Higher Productivity for High-volumes • Material Savings and Cost Reduction • Improved Strength, Part Integrity and Material Utilization • Enhanced Appearance and Surface Finishing This Tech Bulletin focuses specifically on the Improved Strength, Part Integrity and Material Utilization aspects, including empirical results of product testing. ________________________________________________________________________ Copyright 2017 – Interplex Holdings Pte. Ltd. – www.interplex.com Material Utilization A primary advantage of cold forging is the elimination of wasted material.