Harvard Library's Digital Strategy

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MEETING OF THE OVERSEERS' COMMITTEE TO VISIT THE HARVARD LIBRARY MARCH 21–22, 2017

Tuesday, 10:15 am–11:45 am: Harvard Library’s Digital Strategy Version 1.0 DIGITAL STRATEGY Harvard Library Digital Strategy, Version 1.0*

Author: Suzanne L. Wones, director of library digital strategies and innovations at Harvard Library

First and foremost, Harvard Library is a digital library. The vast majority of our users interact with us by accessing our services and collections electronically, no matter how amazing our print and other physical holdings may be. As Deanna Marcum observed in her recent issue brief on library leadership, “what users primarily seek from libraries are the digital resources that they can have access Harvard to from anywhere they happen to be.”1 At Harvard we can see Library is a that impact by comparing circulation numbers of print publications vs. the number of times users access e-resources. In digital library. FY 15 we had 629,717 loans of physical items for the entire year. In comparison, users accessed our e-resources via the EzProxy 6,105,747 times in just one month, November 2015. We need to balance our services and workloads to support this reality and to ensure we continue to add value to Harvard University and our community of scholars as a digital library.

The Harvard Library is fortunate in many ways; we have the support of University leadership, the respect and affection of faculty and students, and a history of champions who have invested in the library’s future throughout our past. It is uniquely positioned to make the shift from an analog existence to one that is enriched by the opportunities provided by the technologies of today and tomorrow. We can create a robust research

1 Deanna Marcum, Issue Brief: Library Leadership for the Digital Age, (http://www.sr.ithaka.org/wp-content/ uploads/2016/03/SR_Issue_Brief_Library_Leadership_Digital_Age032816.pdf: Ithaka S+R, 2016)

*The Harvard Library Digital Strategy is a living document. Each year the Library Leadership Team will review, revise, and refresh.

Page 2 platform that allows scholars to bring together data, graphics, audio visual materials, texts and other formats to create new scholarship in mani- fold ways. Text mining of our e-books can be married with images from our digitized special collections and then turned into an augmented reality app. Whatever possibilities our scholars imagine, the Harvard Library will be their partner in all aspects of research, teaching, and learning.

In the past we have been a leader in academic librarianship and have built not only a world-renowned collection but also a robust program of digitization. The Library Digital Initiative and Open Collections programs were ground breaking in their time and opened to the world some of the treasures held within our special collections. However, our users have a new level of sophistication in their expectations for online collections and we need to ensure that we continue to demonstrate leadership in the way we make these collections discoverable, versatile, and useful. Our users also expect immediate access to the information we license and purchase and we need to continue actively increasing our acquisition of materials in digital formats. This includes acquisitions by purchase, licensing, and the judicious selection of materials freely available on the web.

As we maintain and build our online collections and tools we need to base design and customization decisions on user research and develop a practice of routinely examining evidence of usage and user behavior to inform how we develop our tools for discovery and delivery. Over the next few years, we will revolutionize how scholars discover the information they need by investing in the development of a game changing discovery platform. Our virtual presence is of vital importance as the means by which most of our users will continue to interact with the Library. We must make sure our web sites are important research destinations that make clear the value of our services and the resources we provide both virtually and in the physical world.

Harvard faculty and students continue to innovate in their creation of scholarship and we must innovate with them. The Harvard Library will

Page 3 foster an environment of innovation and can look to the Library Innova- tion Lab at the Law School Library and initiatives undertaken as part of the Baker 3.0 ecosystem in the Business School’s Knowledge and Library Services for help and inspiration. To support our users in their creation of new modes of scholarship, we also need to formalize and increase the amount of support we provide for digital scholarship and data management. We will also streamline the processes for collecting and preserving materials not produced in the traditional means of publication.

Our users remain at the heart of our digital strategy and, as we move forward, we will focus on being a trusted partner Our users to our scholars throughout the research lifecycle, keeping the Library tightly aligned with the University’s mission. remain at the The table below details goals and planned courses of action in each of the Library’s Objectives in Action: Collections & heart of our Content, Access & Discovery, Research, Teaching & Learn- ing, Stewardship, and Professional Development. digital strategy.

Many thanks to the following groups for providing input and feedback throughout the drafting process: Baker Research Services, CIO Council, Countway Library Digital Stewardship Team, Dumbarton Oaks, FAS IT Faculty Advisory Committee, Harvard Library Faculty Advisory Committee, Houghton Digital Stewardship Team, Judaica Division, Harvard Library Directors Group, Harvard Library Leadership Team, the LTS Senior Management Team, and many members of the Harvard Library Staff.

Page 4 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Collections & Content Building collections in support of University-wide research, teaching, and learning.

࿽ GOAL 1 ࿽ ρρ Continue to support digitization projects Develop a broad and diverse offering of net- selected by curators in the various repositories worked digital resources for the Harvard at Harvard through an equitable distribution of community. available capacity in Digital Imaging. PLANNED ACTIONS ρρ Update policies governing vendor partnerships for digitization projects to establish universi- ρ ρ Review collections policies to ensure that ty-wide consistency and to ensure maximum electronic materials are the preferred mode of utility for end users. acquisition, with exceptions for print dependent on unique qualities of particular materials. ρρ Review existing serial orders for potential shift ࿽࿽ GOAL 3 to electronic from print. Enhance support for the selection, acquisi- ρρ Increase purchase of e-books. tion, organization, and access to born-digital materials. PLANNED ACTIONS ࿽࿽ GOAL 2 ρρ Develop workflows and policies to allow for Increase the availability of electronic access to smooth processing of born-digital sources of reformatted materials. information. PLANNED ACTIONS ρρ Collaborate with Ivy Plus libraries for the selec- ρρ Collaborate with external partners to increase tion and preservation of materials from the web. digitization of and access to general collections. ρρ Develop work stream to allow users to request texts for digitization. ρρ Create OCR files for electronic texts and support full text searching within them. ρρ Implement a Pan-Harvard Digitization program to increase visibility of and access to unique materials. ρρ Create an engaging and useful research platform to facilitate the search and use of our digital collections.

Page 5 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Access and Discovery Enable effective access to the world of knowledge and data through intuitive discovery, networks of expertise and global collaborations.

࿽࿽ GOAL 1 ࿽࿽ GOAL 3 Provide seamless access to and use of all Deliver library content to users regardless of content purchased, licensed, and created by the means of discovery. the library. PLANNED ACTIONS

PLANNED ACTIONS ρρ Use tools like LibX and Umlaut to surface ρρ Implement e-reserves option for all schools at library content to our users even when using Harvard. non-library search tools. ρ ρρ Initiate project to redesign library website ρ Improve authentication process for users re- after clearly defining goals for the library’s web gardless of how they get to access point. presence. Collect impact stories highlighting ρρ Clearly brand all electronic information provid- production of scholarship with the use of con- ed by the library as such. tent provided by the Harvard Library.

࿽࿽ GOAL 4 ࿽ GOAL 2 ࿽ Facilitate access to digital resources through a Enable users to find, access, and use the con- discovery platform that supports both novice tent acquired and created by the library without and advanced researchers. intervention. PLANNED ACTIONS PLANNED ACTIONS ρρ Explore and leverage new developments in ρρ Implement a practice of active assessment search technologies to create ever increasingly regarding the creation and customization of satisfying discovery for users. library systems and tools. ρρ Explore partnerships with external entities to ρρ Fold user research into all development and create game changing discovery at Harvard. enhancement projects. ρρ Design tools delivered online to be responsive and accessible.

Page 6 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Research, Teaching, Learning Deliver innovative and programmatic support for learning and research in partnership with faculty and other researchers.

࿽࿽ GOAL 1 ࿽࿽ GOAL 3 Partner with others inside Harvard and exter- Open access to Harvard’s collections in support nally to develop a suite of advanced services in of global scholarship and public enrichment. support of research, teaching, and learning. PLANNED ACTIONS PLANNED ACTIONS ρρ Maintain and enhance DASH; thereby preserv- ρρ Clarify and supplement library support for ing and making freely available journal articles digital scholarship by defining which services created by Harvard faculty. we offer (e.g. text mining, video creation, data ρρ Investigate the creation of a shared repository visualization) from which libraries and by edu- for open access content with peer institutions. cating public services staff for effective referrals ρ to support digital scholarship from within the ρ Convert journals published by the library to Harvard Library and our academic partners open access. such as the Academic Technology Group. ρρ Investigate ways library can act as an electronic publisher either as a library imprint or by providing a self-publishing platform for users. ࿽࿽ GOAL 2 Clarify and supplement library support for ࿽ GOAL 4 research data management. ࿽ PLANNED ACTIONS Create a rich online environment for instructors and students to use library content in ρ ρ Provide support for research data planning, classes and for scholars to work with in their organization, and preservation. research. ρρ Clarify where users can get subject specific PLANNED ACTIONS assistance. ρ ρ ρ Provide means of self-curation from our digital ρ Provide training for subject librarians to ensure collections for assignments and independent the consistent provision of research data man- research. agement services. ρρ Integrate library services and tools in Canvas. ρρ Work closely with IQSS for the support, use, ρ and maintenance of Dataverse. ρ Support student directed learning with digital scholarship services and the development of e-portfolios.

Page 7 ࿽ GOAL 6 ρρ Offer student internships in digital scholarship ࿽ services. Partner with others inside Harvard and exter- ρρ Encourage use of digitized materials for re- nally to develop a suite of advanced services in search and teaching by facilitating self-curation support of research, teaching, and learning. by end users. PLANNED ACTION ρρ Clarify and supplement library support for digital scholarship by defining which services ࿽࿽ GOAL 5 we offer (e.g. text mining, video creation, data Blend the library’s physical and digital spaces visualization) from which libraries and by edu- and make both vital to the research and teach- cating public services staff for effective referrals ing goals of the university. to support digital scholarship from within the PLANNED ACTIONS Harvard Library and our academic partners such as the Academic Technology Group. ρρ Redesign library web spaces to be enticing and effective sites where users can find all the sources and tools they need for their research and ࿽࿽ GOAL 7 be quickly connected to services and physical spaces. Clarify and supplement library support for research data management. ρρ Develop a Harvard version of the “Spacefinder” PLANNED ACTION app created by the University of Cambridge to help users find the best space for them at the ρρ Provide support for research data planning, point of need. organization, and preservation. ρ ρ Create Virtual Reality tours of library spaces. ρρ Clarify where users can get subject specific ρρ Incorporate the library’s electronic content and assistance. tools in its physical spaces. ρρ Provide training for subject librarians to ensure ρρ Add augmented reality apps to our stacks and the consistent provision of research data man- study spaces. agement services. ρρ Work closely with IQSS for the support, use, and maintenance of Dataverse.

Page 8 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Stewardship Steward vulnerable and critical research information in partnership with academic and administrative functions across the University and beyond.

࿽࿽ GOAL 1 ࿽࿽ GOAL 2 Ensure sustainability of digital objects through Create and maintain trusted and understood a program of stewardship which embraces storage and preservation options for Library international standards. and University digital assets. PLANNED ACTION PLANNED ACTION

ρρ Strengthen infrastructure to allow for the long- ρρ Investigate and provide a tiered approach to term preservation of and access to digitized and digital collections supporting need for short born-digital sources of information. term, medium, and long term preservation options.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Professional Development Support a learning organization for library staff to achieve the Harvard University mission.

࿽࿽ GOAL 1 Reallocate staff time from the support of physical materials to support of user engagement with library digital content and tools. PLANNED ACTION

ρρ Create a new Library Institute to provide up- front and on-going training for staff to support essential services. ρρ Recruit for skills that can be used to support data and digital scholarship services. ρρ Build digital competencies into every job description.

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Research Data Management at Harvard Library Consultation Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN ...... 4 Defining Research Data Management: The Research Data Lifecycle ...... 4 Research Data Management Service Program Components ...... 5 Data Management Planning ...... 7 Active Data Management ...... 8 Data Selection and Retention ...... 8 Data Deposit Facilitation...... 9 Data Repository...... 10 Data Management Services in Practice: Case Studies ...... 11 Johns Hopkins University ...... 11 University of Virginia ...... 12 Yale University ...... 13 University of Minnesota ...... 14 Monash University ...... 16 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN ...... 18 Research Data Management and Harvard Library Mission ...... 19 Harvard University Research Data Management Needs ...... 19 Current Research Data Management Services and Activities ...... 20 Harvard Stewardship Steering Committee ...... 20 Harvard Library Data Management Group ...... 20 Harvard University Retention and Maintenance of Research Records and Data Policy ...... 21 Data Management Planning ...... 21 Data Acquisition and Access ...... 21 Digital Humanities and Text/Data Mining ...... 21 Data Cleaning, Manipulation, and Use ...... 22 Data Archiving and Sharing ...... 22 Education and Training ...... 22 Comprehensive Research Data Lifecycle Support ...... 23 Requirements for Research Data Management Service Fulfillment ...... 23 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 24 Service Framework ...... 24 Capitalize on Existing Assets ...... 24 Coordinate Services ...... 24 Centralize Service Points ...... 25 Communication and Outreach ...... 25 Build a Directory of Research Data Management Services ...... 25 Foster Communities of Practice ...... 26 Develop Internal Communication Tools ...... 26 Perform User Needs Assessments ...... 26 Training and Education ...... 26 Develop Training Programs for Patrons ...... 26 Develop Training Programs for Library Staff ...... 27 Library Assessment...... 27 Ongoing Program Evaluation ...... 27 User Surveys ...... 27 CONCLUSION ...... 28 REFERENCES ...... 29 APPENDIX A. Harvard Library Information Gathering Session Summaries ...... 34 APPENDIX B. Research Data Management Resources ...... 47

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Research data management services is an area of focus for academic libraries at research universities that continues to grow as more funding agencies, scholarly journals, and research communities issue demands for data access and research transparency. At the same time, researchers are seeking access to data resources, technologies, and training to enable them to employ new methodological approaches characterized by data-driven research. While Harvard Library has begun to establish a program of research data management services, the specific research data management needs these services are intended to support are as diverse as the faculty and students Harvard Library serves. The library units that comprise the Harvard Library system are also diverse, with varying levels of research data management expertise and distinct perspectives on user needs. Harvard Library leadership requested consultation from the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science as part of a strategic planning process to establish research data management services on the Harvard University campus. This consultation report summarizes the impetus for the provision of data management services in academic libraries, provides examples and case studies of research data management service implementation at other libraries, describes the current state of research data management services at Harvard Library, and offers recommendations on implementation of an inclusive program of research data management services.

Areas of Inquiry Based on discussions with the Director of Library Digital Strategies and Innovations, the consultation team sought to collect information on the following key areas that would help inform Harvard Library’s strategic plans for the development, implementation, and evaluation of research data management services:

1. Trends and forces in the research landscape affecting data management practices and needs 2. Models for library provision of research data management services 3. Current state of research data management initiatives at Harvard Library and other Harvard University units 4. Gaps in resources required to support Library provision of research data management services

Recommendations To perform this inquiry, the consultation team performed an external environmental scan of the landscape of research data management to include a review of the literature and examination of implementation of research data management services at comparable research institutions and an internal environmental scan that gathered information from Harvard Library documentation and interviews with Library and Harvard University Archive staff conducted during a site visit. The consultants applied their expertise to this information, which informed the following recommendations:

 Service Framework. Adopt a research data management services framework that leverages existing Harvard Library and other Harvard University resources and provides access to these resources from a centralized virtual service point.

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 Communication and Outreach. Implement a diversified strategy for the dissemination of information on research data management services both within the Harvard Library system and to the broader campus community.  Training and Education. Commit resources to research data management training for librarians to equip them with the skills necessary to provide services and training for researchers on use of Library resources that enable them to adopt research data management best practices.  Library Assessment. Develop a formal program of ongoing evaluation to assess the effectiveness of research data management services and to articulate the value of these services to stakeholders.

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INTRODUCTION Research data management is a term that has become ubiquitous across research universities since several funding agencies and journals issued policies requiring researchers to produce and implement data management and sharing plans. While the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has had a data sharing plan requirement in place since 2003, a significant number of major funding agencies have issued similar policies in more recent years (NSF, 2013; NEH, 2012). Both government and private sector funders have made it clear their objective to promote data sharing as a means to extend the value of the research they support. Journal editors of high impact journals including the Public Library of Science (PLOS) (2014), Nature (2015), and Science (n.d.), have taken deliberate actions to protect the integrity of the scientific record by making it policy that data underlying published results are made accessible to the research community for verification and replication.

The policy objectives of funders and journals align with a greater open science initiative backed by individual scholars and organizations that are well aware of the need for data management and sharing. Just over half of researchers who responded to a survey conducted by the journal Nature agreed that “there is a significant ‘crisis’ of reproducibility,” with 42% attributing the cause of this crisis to be the lack of availability of study data and 45% the lack of documentation and code (Baker, 2016). In response to this, the Center for Open Science issued the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines, which outlines actionable standards (e.g., data citation, data transparency, analytic methods transparency, etc.) that uphold principles of open science (Nosek et al., 2015). The American Political Science Association (APSA) updated their professional ethics guidelines, which now oblige researchers to make their data openly available (Lupia & Elman, 2014).

Policies and open science initiatives notwithstanding, libraries have been engaged in research data management as part of their mission to “protect and disseminate the intellectual capital of society” (Heidorn, 2011, p. 663). Not surprisingly, 75% of library directors who responded to a 2014 study indicated agreement to the statement, “Librarians should be stewards of all types of scholarship, including data sets” (Tenopir, Hughes, & Allard, 2015, p. 8). Alongside collections of print volumes with which libraries are traditionally associated, libraries for years have been managing and providing access to other types of digital and print materials to include research data (Gold, 2007b). Commercially prepared datasets from a variety of government and private-sector sources have long made their way into the library catalog (Newton, Miller, & Bracke, 2010), with librarians prepared to provide guidance to researchers on how to access, interpret, and use these data collections.

However, this “downstream” post-publication access to materials is not representative of the full scope and complexity of activities that constitute research data management. The professional data curation community has accepted the lifecycle model of data management, which describes the activities prerequisite for ensuring the long-term discoverability, accessibility, and usability of research data. These are the “upstream,” or pre-publication, activities that extend the current role of libraries and often necessitate a reconsideration of librarian skillsets and responsibilities, technological infrastructure, budgeting priorities, and the potential of inter-/intra-institutional partnerships (Gold, 2007b).

Prior to reconsideration of library staffing and functions, the Director of Library Digital Strategies and Innovations sought the expertise of the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science. The Odum Institute has been a primary provider of research data management services to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) research community. The Odum Institute offers a full range of research

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 3 Consultation Report support that includes grant administration, data collection, statistical methods and software training, and research project consultations. The Institute is also home to a data archive that has been in operation since 1965. Since then, the archive has become a primary resource for data curation, management, and preservation at UNC and beyond, and continues to expand its knowledge and practice in these areas through active engagement with the information professional community, research and development of best practices and standardized workflows, and partnerships with stakeholders that have influence on the direction of data management trends.

Adding an external and internal environmental scan to their own experiences in providing data management services, the consultation team assembled the following information deemed most relevant to Harvard Library as it plans the development of a research data management service program:

This consultation report shares this information, beginning with a standard definition of research data management that takes into account the downstream and well as the upstream activities associated with data management. Discussions of data management service trends, models, and requirements in subsequent sections of the report are based on this definition and provide a framework with which to understand the scope of data management needs and the service components that can satisfy those needs. The report concludes with recommended actions that, based on the information gathered, will enhance Harvard Library efforts to develop and implement an effective program of research data management services.

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN This external environmental scan explores conceptions of research data management and the various tasks associated with research data management. It also outlines models for library support of research data management and the service components that should be included in a program of data management support. Finally, it describes implementation of research data management service models at various academic libraries.

Defining Research Data Management: The Research Data Lifecycle In the most general sense, ‘data management’ refers to actions that make it possible for data to be discovered, access, interpreted, and used over the long-term. Certainly, different types of data will require different actions to enable long-term discovery, access, interpretation, and use. What is absolute about data management for any type of data is that data management is an active and ongoing process that takes place throughout the research lifecycle, from project planning to data archiving. The lifecycle model of research data serves as the foundation upon which data management standards and best practices are built.

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While models of the research data lifecycle have taken on various forms, all highlight the necessity of aligning data management tasks with stages in the research process from start to finish (e.g., Data Documentation Initiative, n.d.; Higgins, 2008; University of Virginia, n.d.). One noteworthy example is from DataOne, which defines eight stages of the research data lifecycle (see figure 1). Integrated with this model is a database of recommended best practices for each stage. For the “Collect” stage, DataOne offers pragmatic information on how to preserve raw data, make proper use of field delimiters, and maintain consistency to coding schemes. It also introduces discussions among the research community on issues of data stewardship, which provides germane context to the best practices the DataOne model promotes. “Preservation” links to guidance on data backups, discovery metadata standards, acceptable file formats, persistent identification, identifying a suitable data repository, and other critical information for this stage of the research process.

Figure 1. DataOne Research Data Lifecycle and Recommended Best Practices.

While a data management support role has been considered a natural fit for libraries based on the potential for alignment of libraries’ established practices in organization, classification, and preservation to data management practices, (Harris-Pierce & Liu, 2012; Shaffer, 2013), librarians must also gain fluency in the cultural norms and practices rooted in research communities (Carlson, Fosmire, Miller, & Nelson, 2011; Gold, 2007b; Heidorn, 2011; Newton, Miller & Bracke, 2010). This model underscores the fact that librarians charged to provide data management support--from project planning and data collection to data analysis and data sharing--must be versed in the particular issues affecting the viability and sustainability of the data that may arise during each stage and be able to provide or refer researchers to appropriate tools, services, and training to enable researchers to engage in data management best practices.

Research Data Management Service Program Components In consideration of the role of the library in the research data management space, Cox, Verbaan, and Sen (2012) outlined the alignment of existing library roles with three primary categories of research data management roles and their associated tasks: 1) policy and advocacy to including taking a lead on the development of institutional data policies; 2) support and training such as promoting and providing training in data literacy, providing guidance and referrals to research data management resources, and

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 5 Consultation Report supporting data sharing; and 3) auditing and repository management involving data acquisition, data maintenance and access, and development of capacity in data curation. For the policy and advocacy role, libraries are known to have taken a lead in open access initiatives and policy implementation. This demonstrated leadership is applicable to other areas, including research data management. Libraries have been central to education and training programs in information literacy. The consummate reference interview has been integral to librarian duties that involve advising patrons on access and use of library materials. Library guides on various research topics are commonplace presence on library websites. All of these existing library roles are extendable to the support and training role for research data management. Likewise, collection development and acquisitions and institutional repository management have their relevance in the auditing and repository management for research data. All of these parallels demonstrate the major research data management roles for libraries to which existing librarian roles have the potential to adapt to offer research data management services.

Based on a study of research data management activities of 26 libraries across the UK that have adapted their roles to accommodate the data management needs of their communities, Pinfield, Cox, and Smith (2014) identified what they found to be key components of a research data management service program common across the libraries:

 Strategies: Establishing a vision for research data management that corresponds to institutional missions, priorities, and goals, which inform the framework of services.  Policies: Formalizing approaches for making strategies actionable through execution of research data management tasks.  Guidelines: Outlining the implementation of policies that include specific details on roles, responsibilities, and tasks.  Processes: Defining and managing activities across the research data lifecycle including data management planning, data curation, and data preservation based on standards and best practices.  Technologies: Providing the technical infrastructure (e.g., data repository, cyberinfrastructure, storage) to support research data management activities across the research data lifecycle.  Services: Providing access to research data management systems, training, and other support for research data management activities across the research lifecycle.

Of these eight components, only the last two, technologies and services, describe specific research data management services offered by the libraries studied. All others define activities focused on the development of services rather than their implementation.

Focusing on service implementation, Pryor, Jones, and Whyte (2015) introduce five “building blocks” that serve as the foundation of research data management services and address the most essential needs of the research community: 1) data management planning, 2) active data management support 3) data selection and retention, 4) data repository deposit tool access, and 5) data repository service (see figure 2). These building blocks, which also make their appearance in the Digital Curation Centre’s (2015) guide for developing RDM services, are more specifically tied to the research data lifecycle and those activities associated within research data lifecycle stages.

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Figure 2. Research Data Management Support Service Components

Data Management Planning The increasing prevalence of data management plan (DMP) policies of funders has prompted researchers to seek help in understanding the scope of data management and identifying the tools and resources needed to implement their data management plan. DMP services may offer guidance documents that define research data management and help researchers understand the issues that make data management critical to achieving funders’ and journals’ expressed goals of research transparency and openness. Templates and examples of DMPs help researchers accurately describe provisions for data management. Irrespective of formal policies, data management planning services may become more important as research communities begin to set expectations for data sharing as part of normative research practice. Below are examples of how several libraries have been offering RDM planning services through in-person consultations as well as supporting, providing access to, and advocating for the use of online templates and tools.

 The University of California Curation Center of the California Digital Library maintains the DMPTool, which provides assistance to researchers in writing effective data management plans by offering templates and guidance aligned with institutional and funder requirements (Strasser, Abrams, & Cruse, 2014). Many institutions have become DMPTool Partners, which allows libraries to customize the tool with the addition of institution-specific guidance. https://dmptool.org/  Along with the DMPTool, Purdue University Research Repository offers DMP examples, boilerplate language to use in DMPs, and a DMP Self-Assessment Tool that presents a series of questions that elicit information to be included in the DMP. https://purr.purdue.edu/dmp/self-assessment  The MIT Libraries Data Management website points researchers to the specific services and resources useful for implementation of the DMP. Throughout the description of the required DMP content, hyperlinked text directs researchers to additional information about given topics that include links to campus units that can provide necessary services such as file storage and backup services. https://libraries.mit.edu/data-management/plan/write/

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 Yale University Library and Information Technology Services work together as part of the DMP Consultation Group that offers DMP assistance in four distinct service areas: 1) referral to data management services, 2) DMP review, 3) DMP outline development based on an interview with the project team, and 4) pre- and post-award consultation on data management requirements. http://csssi.yale.edu/data-management-planning-consultation-request

 The University of Minnesota Libraries regularly schedules DMP workshops that provide instruction on writing a DMP as well as information on data management issues and tools. Workshop recordings and materials are made available on the UMN Libraries website. https://www.lib.umn.edu/datamanagement/workshops/dataplan

Active Data Management Data management needs are not limited to the end of a research project when data are transferred to a repository for long-term preservation. During the active phase of the project period, researchers require provisions for managed data storage and backup, as well as network infrastructure to support distributed research activities that have become commonplace. The sophistication and novelty of data science approaches beg for integration of data collection and analysis platforms with convenient and flexible storage solutions with larger capacity and robust protection against data loss and security breaches. Below are examples of approaches libraries have taken to deliver active phase research support for data management.

 The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Library publishes an online research guide that features in-depth information on data management. This information includes useful information relevant to the active phase of research including best practices and tools for file naming conventions, data backup and security options, and data documentation. http://guides.library.ucla.edu/data-management-sciences

 The Purdue University Research Repository hosts a virtual collaborative research platform called Projects that includes a wiki, task management tool, a Git repository for file management, and other tools to support active phase research data management. https://purr.purdue.edu/projects

 Monash University Libraries in Australia makes available the LabArchives electronic laboratory notebook software that allows researchers and research teams to compile project materials in a single cloud-based portal. LabArchives has security mechanisms in place making it suitable for project materials containing confidential data. https://www.monash.edu/library/researchdata/eln

Data Selection and Retention While efforts to preserve and share research data are motivated by the notion that data carry value that benefit the research enterprise, not all datasets may merit treatment and provision of long-term preservation and access beyond what is necessary to comply with retention policies--particularly when funding constraints preclude the option to preserve all data. Therefore, libraries may assume responsibility for appraising data for relative value to the research community and select those for long- term retention and those of value that may require special processing and curation. Libraries also recognize that trends in research require access to commercial data through purchases and licenses for secondary analysis. Data that are selected become part of the library’s collection of scholarly materials.

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As a service, libraries seek out and provide access to research data that they determine, in collaboration with researchers, are most relevant and useful to the research community. The examples below illustrate some approaches for data selection and retention.

 Michigan State University (MSU) Libraries makes an explicit statement in their Collection Development Policy of the types of data or data licenses it is willing to purchase and make available to the research community. MSU Libraries considers several factors in purchase decisions including broad relevance and demand, and usability of file formats. http://libguides.lib.msu.edu/dataservicescollectiondevpolicy

 Acceptance of research data submitted for archiving in Georgia Tech Library’s Scholarly Materials and Research @ Georgia Tech (SMARTech) repository depends on several considerations. These considerations include SMARTech’s collecting policy, technical fitness of submitted materials, and legal issues related to confidential data. The content of the data must also align with SMARTech’s collecting priorities. http://d7.library.gatech.edu/research-data/data-archiving-guidelines

 After ten years, the data curation librarian at the University of Michigan Library reviews dataset collections in its Deep Blue Data repository to determine whether or not a dataset no longer has ongoing value and should be removed from the collection. This information is included in the Deep Blue Data Policy and Terms of Use, which also describes the type of data the Library is willing to accept into the repository. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/data/agreement#preservation_policy

Data Deposit Facilitation The perceived time and effort required to share data is an oft-cited reason that researchers to not share their data (Tenopir et al., 2011). To ameliorate this concern, libraries may offer tools and guidance that assist researchers through the process of preparing datasets for submission to a data repository. For institutions that have mandated requisition of data to a repository as part of data sharing policies, providing data deposit services is even more necessary to ensure that datasets submitted to repositories are not of poor quality due to inappropriate or unsupported file formats, inadequate documentation, or any number of other types of problems such as the presence of personally identifiable or protected health information or unauthorized access to proprietary data. As seen in the examples below, data deposit services may include guidance that describes requirements for data preservation, establishes documentation and metadata standards, and otherwise sets standards of data quality or provide full curation support.

 The Data Lifecycle Consulting Team at the University of North Texas (UNT) University Libraries performs data curation actions for preparing datasets for deposit into the UNT Data repository. Researchers are only responsible for submitting datasets while members of the Data Lifecycle Consulting Team generate standardized metadata and normalize files. http://www.library.unt.edu/scholarly-works/data-repository

 The Research Data Curation Program at the University of California San Diego Library offers a range of services to facilitate submission of data to a repository. These services include metadata generation, data manipulation, and data file transformation. http://libraries.ucsd.edu/services/data-curation/index.html

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 Oregon State University (OSU) Libraries outlines nine steps for preparing dataset for submission to the ScholarsArchive@OSU repository on their website. Researchers are given explicit instructions on describing dataset files and their contents, organizing files, and determining file storage needs. Links to recommended readings supplement this information to give researchers necessary information to facilitate the data deposit process. http://guides.library.oregonstate.edu/DataRepository/SADataPrep

Data Repository Data preservation and sharing is most effective when done within a data repository with formal responsibility for ensuring data meet quality standards that support long-term discovery, access, and reuse. Many libraries already manage institutional repositories, albeit ones that were developed for publications and may not accommodate the specific needs of complex, heterogeneous datasets. Still, these existing institutional repositories do offer established technological infrastructure that may serve the storage and access needs of data, making it possible to extend institutional repository services to data. Also, expert domain and general data repositories are well known in some disciplines and are preferred by researchers working in some domains. Whether libraries expand existing institutional repository services, erect a new data repository, or refer researchers to established data repositories, providing or assisting with access to an appropriate data repository is essential to a program of research data management services. Below are examples of these variations in data repository support.

 The University of Virginia Library expanded the scope of its scholarly repository services with the adoption of the Dataverse platform. Libra Data is the designated repository for datasets produced by the UVA research community and stands alongside their open access and dissertation/theses repositories. https://dataverse.lib.virginia.edu/  The University of Minnesota Libraries made modifications to their institutional repository platform to develop the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM). Data curators review datasets submitted to DRUM to ensure that files have been properly prepared for repository ingest and long-term preservation. http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/166578  Because North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries does not have its own data repository, they instead offer information on disciplinary and general data repositories. They also suggest Re3Data as a resource for identifying a suitable repository. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/guides/datamanagement/repos

This five-block framework of services also emphasizes that the ability of the library to engage in these five fundamental service activities relies on research data management policy, which defines the parameters of data management requirements according to which the library builds its framework of services; a sustainable business plan that accounts for the cost of staffing and technological infrastructure for research data management across the research data lifecycle; and training and guidance to enable libraries to provision standards-based research data management services and infrastructure. MacDonald and Martinez-Uribe (2010) wrote:

…strategies [to deal with research data] require multidisciplinary skills in areas such as information management, computing, economics, institutional governance, and social dynamics

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supplied by such actors such as departmental heads, librarians and computing staff, principal investigators, records managers, archivists, and research office staff. The alignment of such specialists from the aforementioned backgrounds is an important step on the route to a cohesive infrastructure to support researchers in the creation and use of data while ensuring the appropriate harvesting of the products of the research base (p. 5).

Libraries offering data management services must be able to apprehend the needs and expectations of data made complex by social, technical, and policy norms and expectations that shape the practices of researchers from a diversity of disciplinary domains (Borgman, 2015). To do so requires meaningful and sustained coordination and collaborative partnerships with research departments, service units, and institutional leadership (Ogburn, 2010). Even for institutions that have staffing and equipment resources in place, harnessing these resources effectively require, as Coates (2014) explains, “strategies for building relationships with busy researchers, demonstrating the value of the library perspective in this arena, advocating for improved research practices, and creating strategies for engaging with high-level administrators” (p. 53).

Data Management Services in Practice: Case Studies As described above, the implementation of research data management services that build upon the basic building blocks of services vary among libraries. Each of the case studies that follow exemplify how programs of research data management services address the policy contexts, issues of sustainability, and capacity for research data lifecycle support of their respective institutions. Within these case studies are insightful examples of collaboration and cooperation among institutional units, meaningful partnerships with the research community, investments in infrastructure, and an understanding of the intricacies of research data.

Johns Hopkins University1 Johns Hopkins University (JHU) officially launched their Johns Hopkins University Data Management Services (JHUDMS) provided by the Sheridan Libraries in July 2011. This new service was launched in response to the growing data management needs of their research community particularly following the release of the 2011 NSF Data Management Plan Policy. Johns Hopkins drew upon previous experience gained from working with researchers to preserve and archive the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the research and development of their Data Conservancy.

Prior to launching JHUDMS, the Sheridan Libraries performed environmental and needs assessment research, which built upon their prior knowledge and experience. This research included a survey of all JHU NSF Principal Investigators for the past five years and an overall analysis of existing data management plans. Results from the analysis were included in a business plan that was submitted to the JHU administration that subsequently approved the plan. Within six months, the Sheridan Libraries debuted the service. However, those involved noted that launching such a service in such a short time was likely due to the “prior experience and expertise within the Sheridan Libraries” (Choudhury, 2014, p. 128).

JHUDMS caters to researchers during both the pre-proposal and post-award stages of a research project. The pre-proposal services, which are provided at no cost to all JHU researchers, include data

1 This case study is primarily a summary of the “Case Study 1: Johns Hopkins University Data Management Services” by G. Sayeed Choudhury found within Delivering research data management services: fundamentals of good practice.

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 11 Consultation Report management planning consultations, discussion on archival data management needs, review of domain repository options, and information on the JHU Data Archive. The JHUDMS do not believe in providing templates or boilerplate language to researchers for DMPs; however, they have developed a standardized questionnaire that is used during all DMP consultations with researchers.

Post-award services include the archiving and preservation of data within the JHU Data Archive and requires researchers to pay a specified percent of the total direct costs of a grant.2 For researchers that use the paid post-award services, JHUDMS will assist in the preparation of a more in-depth data management plan, recommend metadata standards, transfer data into the JHU Data Archive, and manage data for researchers so that they can find, access, and use their data into the future. The archive will also conduct file integrity checks, track provenance and lineage of the data, and perform file format migrations. JHUDMS and the JHU Data Archive also make clear that data retention for this post-award service only includes five years beyond the end of the project and Sheridan Library staff will not perform in-depth curation of the data.

In addition to these services, the JHUDMS provides free data management trainings and trainings upon request. JHUDMS has also created various data management guidance documents and provides information on relevant Johns Hopkins policies and other campus resources to help researchers locate resources relevant at each stage of the research lifecycle.

JHUDMS highlights a dual service model provided by a university library that includes both free data management services and fee-based archiving and preservation services. Choudhury (2014) discusses two lessons learned from the development of the Johns Hopkins University’s data management service: the value of administrators considering choices in providing support for data management services, and that researchers may be confused over data management terminology so consultations can be an education opportunity.

University of Virginia3 In 2010, the University of Virginia (UVA) Library formed the Scientific Data Consulting (SciDAC) group to respond to growing funder data sharing mandates. By 2013, SciDAC, which was later rebranded the Data Management Consulting group, had been merged with the newly established StatLab at the Library and to form the Research Data Services (RDS) at UVA. RDS offers services to the UVA research community across the data lifecycle including data management, data discovery, data analysis, software support, and subject expertise in education. For the 2014-2015 academic year, RDS employed 11.5 FTE that included statistical consultants, data librarians, a software specialist, a data scientist, and education librarians. This level of staffing made it possible for RDS to hold 35 workshops with an average attendance of 20 registered learners and provide nearly 500 consultations.

The development of RDS at UVA involved “a few hiccups, dead ends and course corrections along the way” (Claibourn, 2015, “Thickening the Plot”, para. 1). Initially, RDS staff faced an uphill battle raising awareness among the University research community. Despite this, they persisted in their outreach efforts by conducting data management interviews with researchers on RDM practices, building a web portal, and intentionally targeting graduate students. What they discovered in the end, was that offering

2 Currently, for small data collections JHUDMS has waived the fee. See their website for more information on the fees associated with the various archiving services. 3 This case study is primarily a summary of “Bigger on the inside: building Research Data Services at the University of Virginia” by Michele P. Claibourn.

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 12 Consultation Report a fuller array of services that span the data lifecycle was the most effective strategy for increasing RDS service usage.

The hiring of data analysis and statistical experts in order to provide a wider-array of services had the effect of causing other departments that provided similar services to take umbrage. The Library addressed this potential conflict by inviting these faculty members from these departments to be part of the search committees for the new positions. Afterwards, one of the new hires went on a “goodwill tour” to clarify the role of the StatLab and to clear up any misconceptions.

Bringing together professionals from disparate backgrounds and from different organizational cultures under the RDS umbrella also posed challenges. On the other hand, it also presented opportunities for cross training. After some time, RDS began to see bridges form between the various service groups. Cross training gave staff a more complete picture of researcher workflows and the challenges researchers face as they move through the data lifecycle. This integration of services also allowed staff to engage researchers in conversations about data sharing and archiving after they draw them in for their more active research interests, such as data analysis or discovery.

At UVA Library, leadership openly advocated for the central role of the Library in providing data services and engaged in data discussions across the campus. The Library’s RDS collaborates with other UVA data initiatives, such as the Data Science Institute, as well as the Education School to launch a restricted data service. These efforts have resulted in the Library being “firmly positioned as a central part of ongoing conversations around data, included in plans for new grants, new programs and new infrastructure” (Claibourn, 2015, “The library in a data-driven age,” para. 1).

The UVA model demonstrates a data services program within a Library that provides services across the research lifecycle. Claibourn (2015) draws three key take-aways from the UVA experience. First, how prioritizing University collaborations over external networking building allowed RDS to more quickly build their reputation on campus. Second, how making changes in a sequenced and incremental manner allowed them to work out kinks in a methodical and structured way. Finally, how implementing a “blended librarianship” model facilitated the RDS incorporation of new data services into the Library environment.

Yale University4 In 2009, Yale University’s Office of Digital Assets and Infrastructure (ODAI) sponsored the Research Data Task Force (RDTF), which assembled staff from Yale Library, Information Technology Services, and ODAI. The RDTF was tasked with researching and defining the technical infrastructure, services, and policy requirements to support research data management on the Yale University campus. To do so, the RDTF conducted interviews with researchers across disciplines that resulted in a report that outlined six recommendations for the development of RDM services: 1) developing digital repository services, 2) carrying out domain specific data assessments, 3) developing research data curation services and tools, 4) establishing a digital preservation program for research data, 5) creating a consultation center on data ownership, intellectual property, and copyright, and 6) addressing inadequate technical infrastructures (Lizee et al., 2010).

4 This case study is based upon a review of the Research Data Task Force Report and Yale University RDM web resources.

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Since the report was published, Yale University has addressed several of the recommendations and now provides multiple RDM services for their local research community. Yale University hosts a primary, central web portal for communicating available RDM services, the Yale Research Data Support website. This service portal is maintained by the Research Data Consultation Group (RDCG), which is a collaborative, university-wide group of experts in data management, metadata, digital preservation, information technology, and research computing, as well as subject experts.5 This group provides consultation services to all disciplines on topics across the research data lifecycle including data management planning, finding and using data, data collection, analysis, and processing, and distributing, sharing, and archiving data. Based on their area of expertise, RDCG team members respond to consultation requests placed through a standardized contact form.

The Yale Research Data Support website also includes links to related resources, policies, and partners to assist researchers in discovering other relevant information and services across campus. In addition to consultations, RDCG offers education programming that includes public workshops and events as well as private workshops that can be scheduled for research groups, labs, and classes.

Yale University Library also makes available a Research Data Management Library Guide that gives general information on research data management terms, best practices, and resources that are not available on the RDCG website. Prominently displayed on this lib guide is a link to the RDCG website that researchers are instructed to use to contact the RDCG for “help finding, using, managing, or archiving your research data.” These two websites provide clear and consistent information on where individuals can receive RDM help across the research lifecycle.

One other website that delivers information on the continuing development of RDM services at Yale University is the Yale Digital Collections Center (YDC2), previously the ODAI. YDC2 presents information on the activities of the Research Data Task Force and communicates plans for further developments of data stewardship and curation services. YDC2 indicates continuing development of a data curation program that will eventually provide the infrastructure to support data management practices in active research, publication, citation, access, and reuse.

The Yale University model shows a team-based collaborative approach for an RDM service program that provides researchers a single-point-of-entry for general RDM resources, consultations, and education programming and points patrons to other relevant resources available across campus. Currently, Yale University is still in the process of developing a formal data curation program and improving their technical infrastructure to support data-intensive research, demonstrating an incremental expansion of RDM technologies and services.

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Libraries first initiated its program of research data management services in 2006 with the hire of three science librarians tasked to explore the research data management needs of the disciplines they served. In 2007, the Libraries hired a data services librarian dedicated to the development of research data management services. These services would be informed by the “Science Assessment” research study of UMN faculty conducted a year earlier, which identified three specific

5 The majority of the team members come from the Yale Library system with members from the following organizations: Yale University Library, Center for Science and Social Science Information (library center), the Yale Medical Library, Center for Research Computing, Center for Teaching and Learning, and Information Technology Services.

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 14 Consultation Report data management needs: 1) data organization, 2) data security, storage, and sharing, and 3) data preservation (University of Minnesota, 2007).

Since that time, UMN Libraries launched the Data Management and Curation Initiative (DCMI) in 2014 that established a suite of research data management services that address needs identified in the Science Assessment study as well as more recent user needs assessments, a gap analysis, and a data curation services pilot. The table below outlines the UMN Libraries Data Management and Curation Services (table 1).

PLAN Support for writing data Provide one-on-one assistance, templates, and management plans (DMPs) consultation when writing DMPs. (no cost) MANAGE Metadata consultation and Data management consultants provide the data management training following: (no cost) Metadata consultation On-demand training and education modules Policy advocacy and advice on policy compliance Referral to campus services (e.g., storage, backup, analysis, de-identification services) SHARE Data repository and UMN researchers may deposit data to the Data curation Repository for the University of Minnesota (no cost up to 100GB) (DRUM). Datasets are reviewed by data curation staff for long-term accessibility, discoverability, and reusability. GRANT PARTNER Full data lifecycle support Full suite of DCMI services for PIs that seek project (cost recovery fees apply) support for data management, sharing, and long- term preservation. Table 1. UMN Libraries Data Management and Curation Services.

To implement these services, DCMI determined that investments in terms of infrastructure, administration, and staff were necessary. By upgrading the existing DSpace institutional repository infrastructure to permit data deposit, expanding storage capacity and preservation for anticipated data submissions, and installing additional software functionality to accommodate data curation workflows, DCMI established the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM). Further enhancements to DRUM such as the addition of DOI persistent identifiers and ORCIDs incurred administrative costs. While some current library roles and responsibilities were shifted or redefined to provide DCMI services, additional staff investments were necessary for full implementation of services. For UMN, this included a program lead to oversee DCMI services, a dedicated data services coordinator to manage day-to-day operations, 4-5 data curation specialists to implement DRUM ingest workflows, a metadata specialist to provide metadata consultations, technical and repository staff to develop and manage repository infrastructure, and library liaisons to provide data management plan consultations.

The UMN Libraries’ “MANAGING YOUR DATA” webpage describes the DCMI services as outlined above. Along with the description are links to tools and resources such as DMP templates, data management learning resources, and DRUM policies. The webpage also provides useful guidance on several data management issues that are mapped to the applicable junction in the research process. The section

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 15 Consultation Report titled, “Before Your Research Begins,” includes information on funding agency policies, data management plans, copyright and ethics, and IRB approval. “During Your Research” offers links to external groups that provide services for specific types of data or data needs beyond what the Libraries provide such as high-performance computing, spatial data, and health and human subjects data. In the “After Your Research Ends” section, researchers can obtain guidance on preparing and submitting data to DRUM for long-term preservation and access.

Training is also a feature of UMN Libraries’ research data management services described on the webpage. Aside from the information and guidance provided on the dedicated webpage, online self- paced research data management training modules are made freely available for download. For those preferring in-person training, Research Data Services Team in collaboration with the Liberal Arts Technologies and Innovation Services (LATIS), the Graduate School, the Office for the Vice President of Research (OVPR), and the Informatics Institute, hosts a Research Data Management Camp. Two half-day training sessions provide instruction on data workflows, software tools, documentation, and other critical topics.

The training collaboration is one way in which UMN Libraries has acknowledged the need for coordination with other university departments in order to provide a complete range of research data management support to its research community: “A comprehensive array of data management and curation exceeds the capacity of any singe university unit or perhaps even a single institution acting on its own” (p. 17). UMN libraries has sought partnerships with information technology service units and academic departments, particularly when needs for scale (such as with storage and networking capacity) exceeds what any one department can deliver to fulfill that need.

This case study illustrates one approach for acquiring the resources necessary to provide research data management services. By increasing staffing capacity with additional hires and shifts in responsibilities of current staff, leveraging existing information technology infrastructure, and forming collaborations with other departments, the UMN Libraries has been able to provide its research community with a wide range of research data management services.

Monash University6 Monash University in Australia began the process of developing their RDM services in 2006. Monash took a collaborative approach to the development and implementation of their RDM services with the Library, the Monash e-Research Center (MeRC), and eSolutions (the central IT division) playing key roles. Monash worked to simultaneously develop policies, procedures, and infrastructures and in 2010, the University formally approved their Research Data Management Policy. This policy takes a three-tiered approach with the articulation of policies (high-level principles), procedures (more specific details on roles and responsibilities), and guidelines (flexible advice that is regularly updated). Monash also developed a Research Data Management Strategy and Strategic Plan for 2012-2015 that harmonized their RDM strategy with overall University strategies.7 Four of the key RDM services at Monash University include guidance and training, data management planning, data storage and archiving, and RDM platforms.

6 This case study is primarily a summary of “Bringing it all together: a case study on the improvement of research data management at Monash University” by Sarah Jones. 7 The Monash Strategic Plan is licensed under a Creative Commons BY license to promote reuse by other Universities.

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Monash University provides guidance and training through information on their website covering the topics of data management planning, ownership, copyright and intellectual property rights, ethical requirements, and storage and backup. Monash also provides in-person training and one-on-one consultations. Trainings include data planning seminars aimed at postgraduate research students, e- Research seminars, network breakfasts, and workshops. Monash also plans to integrate data management training within faculty-based coursework and professional development programs.

The context for providing data management planning (DMP) support varies slightly in Australia since currently it is not common practice for the national funding agencies to require data management plans. However, Monash University encourages (but does not require) researchers to undertake data management planning in accordance with their Research Data Management Policy and general Code for Responsible Conduct of Research. The strategy for DMP support has evolved over time at Monash from an output and compliance-based model to a self-assessment and advocacy/education model. The University provides researchers with a Research Data Planning Checklist and offers further in-person advice.

Monash University supports a Large Research Data Store (LaRDS) with thousands of terabytes of storage capacity that allows researchers to store their data during the active phase of research. Monash provides researchers with general information on archiving data within data repositories and maintains the Monash University Research Repository, which accepts research data for archiving and sharing. Additionally, Monash has also worked with researchers to develop data archives and repositories for specific research communities.8

Jones (2013) notes that one area where Monash differs slightly in their approach from other universities is their development of RDM platforms for specific research communities. MeRC at Monash has worked with various research groups to either develop or enhance existing RDM platforms that support management of data during the active research phase. Often, these platforms have been developed or enhanced in collaboration with researchers who have secured funding for these projects. Not all Universities would be in a position to offer these types of customized solutions, but in Monash University’s experience, this model results in “enhanced levels of user satisfaction, buy-in, and sustainability” (Jones, 2013, p. 5).

The Monash RDM services have evolved over time. Some of the key lessons learned from the development of the Monash services include the iterative nature of the development of RDM services and the value of remaining flexible to more readily respond to researchers’ interests and needs. Perhaps most important, Monash has found that “the greatest successes have occurred because of researcher involvement” (Jones, 2013, p. 6).

8 See Monash’s Guidelines on Sharing and Dissemination of data for more information on their archiving services.

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INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN Containing over 70 libraries and the largest academic collection in the world, Harvard Library has a largely decentralized organizational structure and serves a wide breadth of schools and disciplines across campus. These libraries respond to the needs of the disciplines and research communities they serve and this “decentralization and independence of the Harvard Libraries [has] resulted in great richness” of support for library patrons; however, it also poses challenges for programmatic progress (Kent, “Every tub stands on its own bottom,” 1997). As previously mentioned, academic libraries at research institutions face an increasing need to provide research data management services in response to growing data management and sharing mandates well as a growing focus on data-intensive research techniques. Within the Harvard Library system, individual library units have responded to this growing need independently, each offering varying levels of support across the research data lifecycle. In order to formalize and create a more integrated strategy for providing RDM support for research communities across campus, Harvard Library has begun the process to develop a strategic plan for the provision of data management services.

To inform recommendations for the Harvard Library data management strategic plan, an internal environmental scan was performed in July 2016. This environmental scan included a review of pertinent library documentation, web resources, and interviews with librarians, archivists, and administrators working within various libraries across the Harvard Library system. Due to the breadth and scope of Harvard Library, the consultation team solicited input from librarians and archivists engaged in research data management working in various units across the library system including (For a complete list of the individuals interviewed and their associated departments/units and libraries, see Appendix A):

 Harvard Library (Information and Technical Services)  University Archives  Harvard College Library  Lamont Library  Widener Library  Cabot Science Library  Baker Library  Harvard Kennedy School of Government Library  Harvard-Yenching Library  Wolbach Library  Harvard Law School Library  Loeb Design Library  Countway Medical Library

Because the Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS) provides infrastructure and support for the Harvard Dataverse in collaboration with the Harvard Library as well as other data management services to the Harvard research community, leadership at IQSS was also interviewed.

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These interviews and other supporting documentation presented a picture of a wide variety of data management activities taking place across the Harvard Library system that span the research data lifecycle and involve various types of data and research methodologies. This internal scan also helped to identify a large number of RDM stakeholders at Harvard University including faculty, graduate and undergraduate students, secondary users of shared and archived data, library staff, archivists, library administrators, centers and institutes providing research data support (e.g., IQSS and Center for Geographic Analysis), offices for managing and overseeing research (e.g., Office of the Vice Provost for Research), infrastructure and research computing support (e.g., Harvard University Information Technology, FAS Research Computing, DARTH), as well as the various schools and departments on campus that are supporting the research endeavors of faculty and students.

Research Data Management and Harvard Library Mission The Harvard Library has an overall mission to “advance scholarship and teaching by committing itself to the creation, application, preservation and dissemination of knowledge” (Harvard Library, Mission & Objectives, 2016). Library leadership operationalizes and expands upon this mission through five strategic objectives that include specific priorities to assist in the attainment of those objectives. Notably, for the 2016 fiscal year the Library leadership added “Data Management” as a strategic priority for the stewardship objective that reads, “Steward vulnerable and critical research information in partnership with academic and administrative functions across the University and beyond” (Harvard Library, Mission & Objectives, 2016). This addition provides a visible signal to the campus community and other stakeholders that research data management falls within the overall mission of the Library and will now be part of the charge of the Library’s stewardship program.

Harvard University Research Data Management Needs In order to develop new and expand current data management services, it is important to first understand the needs and expectations of research communities and library patrons. During the information gathering sessions, most of the librarians and archivists indicated that no formal needs assessments or user surveys had been performed within their departments or units. However, a significant amount of information gathering had taken place through informal communications with researchers served by the various libraries.

In general, librarians expressed that research communities across campus are requesting more data management support. However, the data literacy of faculty and students and the types of services required to meet these RDM needs can vary greatly across domains. Despite this variety, some general research data management needs were expressed within the information gathering sessions.

 Data Management Planning: Increasingly funders are requiring data management plans (DMPs) as part of the grant proposal package. Researchers may need assistance writing these data management plans in compliance with relevant institutional and funder policies as well implementing the plan in an effective manner.  Data Acquisition and Access: Early in the lifecycle, researchers often need assistance locating relevant data, purchasing licensed data, and gaining access to specialized databases.  Data Cleaning, Manipulation, and Use: After collecting or locating data, researchers may need guidance on cleaning, manipulating, and analyzing these data to answer their research question. Researchers might also need access to specialized computing environments or software to perform their analyses.

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 19 Consultation Report  Digital Humanities and Text/Data Mining: Increasingly researchers within the humanities and social sciences are embracing data-driven approaches to research and are seeking assistance with accessing and using data for text and data mining (TDM).  Data Archiving and Sharing: As funding agencies, journals, and institutions continue to expand mandates for data management and sharing, researchers are seeking advice and support to meet these requirements.  Education and Training: As new policies, techniques, and tools for research data management increasingly become available, faculty and students benefit from educational programming and trainings on computational approaches, data tools, data archiving and sharing systems, and data management best practices.  Comprehensive Research Data Lifecycle Support: Researchers’ data management needs span the entire research lifecycle. As noted above, researchers may need assistance planning for data management in compliance with appropriate policies and procedures, locating and accessing data, extracting data, cleaning and manipulating data, and archiving and sharing data.

Current Research Data Management Services and Activities Harvard Library currently provides a wide-range of research data management services; while some of these services span the Harvard Library system, others are based within libraries embedded inside specific research communities. This decentralized model for service delivery allows librarians to build close relationships with and gain in-depth understanding of the research communities they serve, but it also presents challenges for librarians across campus to connect systematically researchers to knowledge and expertise necessary to support their data needs. Below are descriptions of current Harvard Library RDM services and activities including challenges identified during the information gathering sessions.

Harvard Stewardship Steering Committee The Stewardship Standing Committee is one of five standing committees charged with guiding and realizing the strategic direction of the Harvard Library. Its focus is the long-term preservation and use of all types of scholarly materials to include research data. The committee is concerned with two streams of research data: data that are purchased for use by faculty and students and data that are generated by Harvard researchers. While the committee is concerned with the initial stages of data creation because of the long-term impacts of early decisions, much of their focus is on the issues and challenges of data archiving and sharing that arise at later stages in the research lifecycle. This committee assisted in the formation of the Harvard Library Data Management Group and the configuration and customization of the DMPTool for Harvard University.

Harvard Library Data Management Group This group convened librarians from several domains to contribute to the development of RDM services for Harvard Library. A project undertaken by the group was the development of the Harvard Library Data Management Research Guide, which provides general advice for writing data management plans, links to relevant Harvard guidelines and polices, suggestions for file formats and naming conventions, information on repositories and storage, and guidelines for citing data. The creation of this group facilitated knowledge sharing concerning data practices and needs across disciplines. Individuals within this group also volunteered their time to help monitor requests submitted to a Harvard DMPTool email address. A sustainability plan was not put in place for this initiative and this group is no longer active.

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Harvard University Retention and Maintenance of Research Records and Data Policy Under this policy, researchers are required to retain “essential” Harvard faculty-produced research records for no fewer than seven years to ensure that these materials are appropriately documented, maintained, and accessible to the University for review and use. These principles state that Principal Investigators are ultimately responsible for the storage and preservation of these records; however, it also states that University Archives and School-based archives, such as the archives at the Medical and Business Schools, can provide guidance for complying with this mandate. While it contains important information to guide researchers’ data management practices, these principles have not yet been constituently disseminated to the Harvard research community nor within the library community. Due to an absence of University-wide archival storage solutions to support researchers’ needs, this policy is also considered an unfunded mandate to-date.

Data Management Planning Data management planning support can come from two primary locations – individual consultations or online guidance through the DMPTool. While certain domain librarians provide DMP consultations, this does not appear to be a consistent or standardized practice across libraries. Librarians or archivists often will point researchers to the DMPTool for data management planning reference questions. Notably, the Office of the Vice Provost for Research also provides DMP guidance on their website. Providing consistent and appropriate advice for researchers that aligns with internal Harvard Policies (such as the Data Retention Policy or the Harvard Research Data Security Policy), researcher workflows, and available resources can also pose challenges for librarians without comprehensive knowledge of these contextual details.

Data Acquisition and Access To serve researchers’ data acquisition and access needs, the Harvard Library helps researchers find relevant data, purchases licensed data, and facilitates access to these materials through online guides and consultations. Data purchases can take place through the central Information & Technical Services department within Harvard Library or within the Harvard College Library Collection Development department; however, domain specific libraries also purchase data for their own research communities. Currently, the workflow for acquiring, storing, and circulating data collections is largely “ad hoc,” which raises concerns over duplication in data acquisitions, effective dissemination of data resources, and researchers accessing data in compliance with legal requirements. While the Harvard Dataverse is being used to store and provide access to some purchased datasets, this is not yet a standard practice and use of the Dataverse has been affected by file size limits. The Dataverse currently does not permit the inclusion of larger dataset collections with an upload limit of two gigabytes per file.

Digital Humanities and Text/Data Mining Increasingly researchers are interested in performing text and data mining (TDM) on resources and data licensed by libraries. Librarians are working with vendors and researchers to facilitate these types of digital humanities and data-driven research approaches; however, a librarian’s role in digital humanities research is still being defined across campus. Those involved in acquiring data, have faced questions whether TDM is an allowable use under existing licenses, or if TDM requires negotiation of a new license--with additional fees--to allow researchers to perform TDM on the data. Librarians have also become active collaborators on digital humanities projects contributing their subject expertise to provide necessary historical and cultural context. Despite growing support for digital humanities, some libraries are also feeling pressure to expand their traditional services to address the unique needs of

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 21 Consultation Report digital humanities scholars within their communities beyond the scope of available resources and staff expertise.

Data Cleaning, Manipulation, and Use The Harvard Library provides a variety of Research Guides relating to Statistics & Data. These guides include links to external and local resources related to finding, manipulating, creating, and analyzing data. Additionally, housed within Lamont Library and in cooperation with the Harvard-MIT Data Center, the Numeric Data Services (NDS) serves the entire Harvard community and provides data reference services as well as access to hardware and software to manipulate and analyze data. In certain libraries, such as the Harvard Law Library and the Baker Library, librarians or statisticians are also actively involved in cleaning and manipulating data for researchers. However, in many libraries on campus, staff do not have the requisite data knowledge or skills to provide this level of hands-on data support.

Data Archiving and Sharing While the archiving needs of disciplines varies across campus, as does the amount of expertise librarians and archivists have to support data archiving, Harvard University currently has multiple resources available to address researchers growing data archiving and sharing needs. Online advice for selecting a repository is available on the Data Management Research Guide and certain domain libraries provide consultations and advice for selecting an appropriate repository. The Harvard Library also collaborates with IQSS and Harvard University IT to support the Harvard Dataverse. The Harvard Dataverse developed and housed at IQSS is an open-source platform for sharing, publishing, and archiving research data. Within the Harvard Dataverse, multiple libraries have created their own sub-dataverses to support the data archiving needs of their research communities, make available curated special collections data, and distribute licensed data. The Harvard Dataverse is open to researchers across disciplines to deposit their data; however, current limitations of the Harvard Dataverse such as file size limitations and an absence of secure data storage has limited broad adoption across campus.

The Harvard community still faces multiple data archiving challenges including encouraging researchers to properly archive their data, ensuring compliance with the Harvard Retention and Maintenance of Research Records and Data Policy, and providing secure storage space for researchers to archive data in compliance with this retention policy.

Education and Training Data management training and education initiatives for researchers are taking place within the Harvard Library, for instance, within Lamont Library and Wolbach Library. Lamont Library’s Numeric Data Services provides both subject-specific and course-related data instruction services to the entire Harvard community. A pilot training program at the Wolbach Library beginning in fall 2016 will include workshops taught by librarians, doctoral students, and other area experts. The training program will allow scientists to gain requisite computational skills and knowledge of data tools. Finally, IQSS also provides data science workshops and courses.

The data management skills and knowledge of library staff directly affects the data management services and activities provided by the Harvard Library. Harvard Library previously provided the Data Scientist Training for Librarians workshop series, which gave librarians across and beyond the Harvard Library system knowledge of data science terminology and tools. These types of trainings assist librarians in being able to “talk data,” become active collaborators on research projects, and more

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 22 Consultation Report effectively understand and fulfill patrons’ data requests. Despite the popularity of this workshop, it was discontinued due to a lack of a sustainability plan.

Comprehensive Research Data Lifecycle Support Currently RDM services are largely provided by individual school libraries, serving the specific needs of their research communities; however, what services are offered by units differ as well as the knowledge and resources available for these services. This decentralized structure results in non-uniform support across campus and poses challenges for librarians to know what data management services and expertise are available to serve patrons’ data needs across the research lifecycle.

Requirements for Research Data Management Service Fulfillment During the information gathering sessions, the librarians and archivists interviewed expressed multiple perceived requirements for effectively meeting the comprehensive research data management needs of their patrons. The common themes that emerged from discussions with groups of librarians included:

 Create standardized workflows for storage and dissemination of data acquisitions  Develop communication and knowledge sharing mechanisms across library departments and units on RDM activities, services, and roles and responsibilities across the research lifecycle  Develop a centralized point-of-entry to provide campus-wide digital humanities and data management support  Expand secure storage solutions for researchers and libraries including both active-phase and archival storage  Provide data management, data science, and digital humanities educational programs for librarians  Provide additional resources to support training programs for researchers and librarians

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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the internal and external environmental scans, the consultation team submits the following suggestions.

Service Framework As Mark Shelton (2015) described, Harvard Library is a “megalith” with its 73 libraries of varying size and scope, many providing services specific to the particular needs of the subgroups of researchers they serve. While some libraries have been afforded the staffing and resources to provide a full range of research data management services to researchers who have been engaged in data-intensive research for some time, other libraries have just begun to identify the knowledge and resources needed to support a shifting research landscape in their given disciplinary domain that only recently has demanded data driven research methodologies. However, the latter seems to outnumber the former, which, despite having established librarian roles for data management, do not have the capacity to extend their services much beyond their current constituencies due to limitations in staffing, technology, and/or data management expertise. In addition, the information technology infrastructure necessary to support important aspects of research data management such as high-performance computing, file storage and backup, and long-term preservation seem to be dispersed among service units and not able to be integrated readily into a single system for full data lifecycle support. The following recommendations on strategies for establishing a research data management service framework attempt to address these issues.

Capitalize on Existing Assets Despite gaps in resources for a program of RDM services, Harvard Library does already have in place many of the important elements necessary to support research data management activities. In some cases, the Library has existing resources that may be able to be adapted or extended to accommodate research data management needs. Librarians working in several library units as well as archivists are well versed in data management best practices and can contribute to training initiatives that enable other librarians to skill up for new data management roles. Many librarians have deep knowledge of the research practices of the communities they serve from years of interaction with faculty and students, and can determine and prioritize the RDM services that are most applicable and useful to their communities. The Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) repository is an existing mechanism for sharing and preserving scholarship and has the potential to expand to accommodate data deposits. The Harvard University Archives has much to contribute to the planning, expansion, and/or development of data repository systems given their expertise on records management and long-term preservation. It is recommended that Harvard Library investigate existing assets that can be adapted or expanded to accommodate research data management requirements.

Coordinate Services Like the Libraries, within academic departments and service units across the Harvard University campus are scattered pockets of valuable research data management expertise, tools, and resources that, when considered collectively, have the potential to address the essential data management needs of the research community. As is the case for academic libraries at other institutions, it is impracticable for any given campus unit to provide comprehensive RDM services singlehandedly. Therefore, these libraries offer RDM services in collaboration with other groups that can provide specific elements of research data management services from storage solutions to data management plan consultations (see examples). Harvard Library can replicate this strategy. On Harvard University’s campus, the Institute for

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Qualitative Social Science (IQSS) has developed the Harvard Dataverse data repository platform that supports data archiving, sharing, and analysis and is already supported by a collaboration with Harvard Library and Harvard University Information Technology. IQSS also has a program of data science consulting, training, and computing equipment to support a range of data-driven research. The Center for Geographic Analysis offers a catalog of GIS and spatial analysis data courses. Along with a repository for structural biology data, the SBGrid Consortium maintains a high performance computing lab. FAS Research Computing offers a computational environment for large-scale scientific computing as well as file storage and backup options. The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center supports REDCap, a HIPAA-compliant data collection software tool for research studies including clinical trials. It is recommended that Harvard Library consider a more feasible program of coordinated services rather than comprehensive services to supplement current research data management initiatives.

Centralize Service Points For researchers to obtain the most benefit, this coordinated RDM services model must make services accessible from a single access point on the Harvard Library website that identifies and describes the types of RDM support available to Harvard University faculty, students, and staff along with the contact information of the respective unit providing the support (see examples). This catalog of campus RDM support builds upon the current Data Management Research Guide on the Harvard Library website. Harvard may also consider formalizing a librarian role or charging a group of librarians to oversee the maintenance of the virtual service point and provide referrals to appropriate departments in response to general or uncertain requests for RDM services. It is recommended that Harvard Library maintain a centralized virtual service point where individuals can identify and access the resources they need to fulfill research data management needs.

It should be noted that these recommendations require further exploration of library and campus units to determine where available RDM resources exist. It also demands active efforts to cultivate relationships with campus units to ensure accurate representation of current service availability.

Communication and Outreach Communication and outreach within the Harvard Library system, with external groups, and with the greater campus community is a critical component of the implementation of a RDM service program. Currently, a lack of communication between library units has made it difficult for librarians to “connect the dots” concerning available data management services and expertise, which has adversely affected their ability to refer patrons to appropriate resources. This confusion also extends to the roles, responsibilities, and services provided by external groups, such as IQSS, the Office of the Vice Provost for Research, and the Center for Geographic Analysis. Though the decentralized nature of the Harvard Library system presents communication challenges, the breadth and scope of expertise across libraries does provide opportunities for knowledge sharing. Multiple strategies are recommended to improve communication surrounding RDM services.

Build a Directory of Research Data Management Services A research data management service directory that takes into account the available tools, resources, and expertise in the Harvard Library system and beyond would serve as a valuable source of information for librarians and patrons across campus to refer to and find the assistance they need, respectively. This directory would 1) facilitate knowledge dissemination concerning relevant University policies and procedures, such as the Research Data Retention Policy; 2) clarify RDM services available outside of the

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 25 Consultation Report library provided by external groups through relevant links and contact information; and 3) provide an outreach mechanism for promoting RDM services, trainings, and education programs.

Foster Communities of Practice In order to encourage internal knowledge sharing and network building, the Harvard Library could sponsor information sharing sessions that would bring together librarians, archivists, and external groups on campus to share their strategies for supporting research data management. These sessions would help to develop a community of practice around data and help librarians build knowledge and connections for effectively referring patrons to relevant data services and resources across campus.

Develop Internal Communication Tools A lack of standardized communication across library units on crosscutting services, such as data acquisitions, has the potential to create duplication in effort and result in inefficient resource allocation. The use of an internal intranet or wiki could provide a method for communicating about data purchases as well as data access and dissemination procedures. These types of internal platforms could also be used to develop and communicate more standardized workflows for data acquisitions and access.

Perform User Needs Assessments Currently across libraries, communication with patrons concerning their RDM needs has been largely informal. Performing a more formal needs assessment through standardized web surveys or structured interviews would help to inform the development of RDM services at Harvard. This survey would engage the research community by inviting researchers to share their experiences and could also serve as an outreach mechanism to inform the research community about future RDM developments at Harvard.

Training and Education Training and education initiatives for the implementation of the Harvard Library RDM services program is two-fold: training and education programs for patrons including researchers and students and training for library staff.

Develop Training Programs for Patrons RDM education programs can include a variety of data topics across the research lifecycle such as data management planning and best practices, finding and accessing data, cleaning, manipulating, and analyzing data, and sharing and archiving data. Trainings can also teach researchers and students how to use new data tools or research computing technologies. A few library units within the Harvard Library system and beyond already provide RDM-related trainings; however, systematically communicating the availability of these trainings to the broader community can pose challenges. Likewise, limited resources, such as funds for honorariums, can affect a library’s ability to create new training or education programs.

To serve Harvard RDM education needs, it is recommended to 1) expand and promote general RDM training and education programs, 2) disseminate information on trainings held by domain-specific libraries and external groups within the RDM web portal, and 3) consider expanding fiscal support for training and education initiatives. Multiple resources provide advice for creating training programs for researchers including the importance of developing programs in collaboration with disciplinary data experts or academic staff (Jones, Pryor, & Whyte, 2013). See Appendix B for more training resources.

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Develop Training Programs for Library Staff Information professionals formally trained in the organization, classification, preservation, and retrieval of information already have a strong knowledge base for understanding the fundamentals of RDM. However, supporting RDM needs across the research data lifecycle also requires specialized knowledge and skills regarding the policies, processes, tools, and best practices for managing, sharing, and archiving data as well as an appreciation and understanding of the cultural norms of research communities.

While data management knowledge and skills vary across libraries, multiple individuals expressed an interest in receiving data-specific trainings on data management best practices, digital humanities research techniques, and data science strategies. Data management trainings would provide staff with a basic vocabulary to “talk data” with patrons and the requisite knowledge to refer researchers to appropriate services and resources as well as increase general knowledge of RDM best practices, tools, and policies. During the trainings, staff would not only learn data management fundamentals but would also consider RDM services in the overall institutional context at Harvard University and gain awareness of other RDM services available on campus.

Library Assessment Determining the quality and effectiveness of library services depends largely on an active assessment program. Formal assessment enables the library to identify the services that have the most value to the community it serves and to provide evidence of this value to administrators and stakeholders (Fitzpatrick, Sanders, & Worthen, 2012). With the introduction of new technologies, assessment is even more important given the variety of service orientations and delivery modes these technologies support (Shi & Levy, 2005). These same technologies also have prompted novel research strategies that require different types of support. The following recommendations recognize that ongoing assessment is essential for libraries to sustain their value and substantiate vital support from university administrators and other stakeholders.

Ongoing Program Evaluation Formal program evaluation considers an organization’s investments, activities, and intended outcomes (and the relationships among them) to help the organization articulate its goals and develop appropriate outcome measures that demonstrate degrees of success. Such a program evaluation requires careful design and planning to minimize the time and cost involved in data collection and to ensure that measures are appropriate and meaningful (GAO, 2012). Because library services are as dynamic as the research practices of the patrons they serve, the program evaluation should be one that is ongoing. This “contributes to the process of constant improvement--looking for ways to improve the usefulness, impact, and benefits that can result” (Bertot, McClure, & Ryan, 2001, p. 77). It is recommended that Harvard Library develop a program evaluation plan that includes a schedule of ongoing assessment of services.

User Surveys Library assessment methods in most recent decades has focused on user perspectives, expectations, and satisfaction (Shi & Levy, 2005) as opposed to system-centered metrics. Indeed, assessment tools used by libraries in great numbers such as LibQUAL+ and Ithaka S+R use surveys to collect data. Typical survey instruments include questions related to users’ preferences on resource delivery mechanisms, awareness and importance of available tools and services, ease of use of resources, frequency of visits to physical library spaces, usefulness of interactions with library staff, suggestions for new services, and general questions about users’ research practices. Responses to these types of questions give valuable

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 27 Consultation Report information on how patrons prefer to interact with the library and which services are most critical to them. Responses also provide evidence of the library’s value to the communities it serves. It is recommended that Harvard Library conduct user surveys to assess the effectiveness and value of research data management services.

CONCLUSION In response to growing data management and sharing initiatives and mandates, the Harvard Library already provides a variety of research data management services. However, the decentralized nature of the library system has affected the uniformity and awareness of available tools, expertise, and services. Based upon the external and internal environmental scan, the consultation team recommends that the Harvard Library develop an RDM service framework that capitalizes on existing assets and coordinates services with other departments and campus units. This RDM service framework would include a centralized virtual service point where individuals can identify and access the resources and services they need across the research data lifecycle. In coordination with the implementation of this service framework, it is also recommended that the Harvard Library implement a diversified strategy for communication and outreach and commit resources to research data management training for both librarians and researchers. Finally, a formal and ongoing evaluation program should be implemented to assess the effectiveness of research data management services.

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University of Virginia. (n.d.). Steps in the data life cycle. Retrieved from http://data.library.virginia.edu/data-management/lifecycle/ University of Virginia. (n.d.). Libra Data: University of Virginia Dataverse. Retrieved from https://dataverse.lib.virginia.edu/ University of Virginia Library. (2016). UVA library launches “Libra Data” – University of Virginia Dataverse repository. Retrieved from https://news.library.virginia.edu/2016/03/29/uva-library- launches-libra-data-university-of-virginia-dataverse-repository/ U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). (2012). Designing evaluations. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-208G Yale Digital Collections Center. (n.d.). Data curation. Retrieved from http://ydc2.yale.edu/content%20platform/data-curation Yale University. (n.d.). Research data support. Retrieved from http://researchdata.yale.edu/ Yale University Library. (n.d.). Data management planning consultation request. Retrieved from http://csssi.yale.edu/data-management-planning-consultation-request Yale University Library. (2016). Research data management: Overview. Retrieved from http://guides.library.yale.edu/c.php?g=296023&p=1973419

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APPENDIX A. Harvard Library Information Gathering Session Summaries

The information gathering sessions for the internal environmental scan took place in July 2016. Primarily these sessions were conducted in-person; however, follow-up sessions were also scheduled remotely based upon information provided within the initial sessions. These sessions focused upon how those interviewed currently support data management needs at Harvard, what their units need to effectively provide RDM services, how they communicate with other groups and libraries across campus, and other general ideas for the development of RDM services. Table 1 lists the participants of the information gathering sessions and is followed by a general summary of the information gathering sessions including challenges, opportunities, and RDM ideas discussed.

Name Title Department/Unit Library Noelle Ryan E-Resource Licensing Information & Harvard Library Specialist Technical Services - E- Resources & Serials Laureen Esser Electronic Collections Information & Harvard Library Librarian and E- Technical Services - E- Resources Coordinator Resources & Serials for the Humanities Nancy Quinn E-Resources Information & Harvard Library, Coordinator for the Technical Services - E- Widener Library Social Sciences and Resources & Serials Reporting Librarian for HCL Collection Development Lidia Uziel Head of Western Harvard College Library Lamont Library, Languages Division – Collection Widener Library (WLD) and Development Bibliographer for Western Europe Katie Leach Librarian for Western Harvard College Library Widener Library Languages Collections – Collection Development Richard Lesage Librarian for South and Harvard College Library Widener Library South-East Asia – Collection Development Michelle Pearse Senior Research Law Library – Research Law Library Librarian Services Diane Sredl Data Reference Lamont Library Lamont Library Librarian Barbara Esty Sr. Information Harvard Business Baker Library Research Specialist School - Baker Library – Curriculum Services Valerie Weis Senior Research & Harvard Kennedy Harvard Kennedy Knowledge Services School of Government School of Government

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Librarian Library and Knowledge (HKS) Library Services Alex Caracuzzo Collections and Data Harvard Business Baker Library Management Librarian School - Baker Library – Historical Collections Laura Farwell- Blake Head of Services for Harvard College Library Widener Library Academic Programs – Academic Programs Odile Harter Research Librarian Harvard College Library Lamont Library, – Academic Programs Widener Library

Kathleen Sheehan Research Librarian Harvard College Library Widener Library – Academic Programs Bonnie Burns Head, Geospatial HCL Svcs for Maps, Lamont Library – Resources Media, Data, and Gov. Harvard Map Info Collection Michael Leach Head of Collection Cabot Science Library Cabot Science Library Development in the Cabot Science Library Christopher Erdmann Head Librarian (leaving Harvard College Wolbach Library for NC State) Observatory Daina Bouquin Assistant Head Harvard College Wolbach Library Librarian (now Head Observatory Librarian) James Cheng Librarian of the Harvard-Yenching Harvard-Yenching Harvard-Yenching Library Library Library Sharon Yang Librarian for Public Harvard-Yenching Harvard-Yenching Services and E- Library Library Resources Xiao-he Ma Librarian for the Harvard-Yenching Harvard-Yenching Chinese Collection in Library Library the Harvard-Yenching Library Mikyung Kang Librarian for the Harvard-Yenching Harvard-Yenching Korean Collection Library Library Martin Schreiner Librarian of Lamont Lamont Library Lamont Library Library & Director of Maps, Media, Data and Government Information Megan Sniffin-Marinoff University Archivist University Archives Ardys Kozbial Collections and Harvard Graduate Frances Loeb Library – Outreach Librarian School of Design - Design Library Frances Loeb Library Mercè Crosas Chief Data Science & Institute for n/a Technology Officer Quantitative Social

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Science Emily Gustainis Deputy Director Center for the History Countway Medical of Medicine – Library Countway Medical Library Table 1. Participants in Information Gathering Sessions

E-RESOURCES AND COLLECTIONS  Noelle Ryan, E-Resource Licensing Specialist (Harvard Library)  Laureen Esser, Electronic Collections Librarian and E-Resources Coordinator for the Humanities (Harvard Library)  Nancy Quinn, E-Resources Coordinator for the Social Sciences and Reporting Librarian for HCL Collection Development (Harvard Library/Widener Library)  Lidia Uziel, Head, Western Languages Division & Librarian for Western Europe (Lamont Library/Widener Library)  Katie Leech, Librarian for Western Languages Collections (Widener Library)  Richard Lesage, Librarian for South and South-East Asia (Widener Library)

The main research data management services performed by this group includes purchasing and providing access to data for research. An increasing number of researchers perform text and data mining (TDM) on these data, which has prompted discussions with vendors to determine whether or not this type of usage is allowable under existing licenses, or if TDM requires negotiation of a new license-- with additional fees--to allow researchers to perform TDM on the data. This group desires greater clarity and direction on TDM licensing to make informed purchasing decisions, particularly on those data for which Harvard Library has a perpetual license in place. Also, being able to articulate licensing terms to researchers is important to ensure their legal compliance as well as understanding researchers’ expectations as far as data types, metadata, and organization in order to articulate these needs to vendors.

Librarians also expressed the need for a formalized workflow for “lifecycle” management of data collections from data acquisition to physical storage, discovery, and circulation in place of current ad hoc solutions. While Dataverse is being used to store and provide access to some purchased datasets, this is not yet a standard practice, and Dataverse’s file size limits cannot accommodate larger dataset collections.

Coordination with other libraries and library departments is another area of interest. Common knowledge of data purchases among all libraries may prevent redundant purchasing and present opportunities for cost sharing of licenses. In addition, the ability to identify individual librarians with particular data handling skills will enable librarians to connect researchers to knowledge and expertise necessary to support their data needs.

Challenges  A largely ad hoc process for data management lacking formalized workflows for processing data acquisitions, facilitating discovery, providing access to data, and informing patrons of their responsibilities relating to data security for licensed data.  Duplication in data acquisitions as a result of the decentralized nature of the Harvard Library system.

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 Lack of communication among different libraries and other research department and groups, preventing ability to “connect the dots” to provide lifecycle data management support.  Providing appropriate access to purchased data in compliance with license terms.  Responding to the diversity of user needs (e.g., different researchers have different needs relating to the cleanliness of data).  Concern that no one is leading this conversation regarding licensing for text and data mining uses at the Harvard administrative level.  Lack of clear responsibilities for specific data management activities such as creating back-ups or archival copies of these data.  No standard circulation processes for purchased datasets stored on external storage media.  Opportunities & Ideas  Desktop environments that allow access to data without downloading it locally could be a possible solution for licensed data compliance concerns.  Develop a workflow that would allow researchers who cleaned a raw dataset to share this with other Harvard researchers.  Expand knowledge on how other universities are dealing with licensing data from vendors, particularly regarding using these resources for text and data mining.

DATA LIBRARIANS  Michelle Pearse, Senior Research Librarian (Law Library)  Diane Sredl, Data Reference Librarian (Lamont Library)  Barbara Esty, Sr. Information Research Specialist (Baker Library)  Valerie Weis, Senior Library Professional (Harvard Kennedy School of Government Library)  Alex Caracuzzo, Collections and Data Management Librarian (Baker Library)

Librarians representing undergraduate, graduate, and professional school libraries provide data management support across the research lifecycle. These services include various activities that often include purchasing data and managing licenses, cleaning and manipulating data to prepare them for analysis, and supporting data sharing in the Harvard Dataverse--much of which requires a significant amount of time and resources.

Among these libraries, however, the level of data management services provided is uneven; while some libraries are prepared to offer full research lifecycle support, others do not yet feel they have the skill sets nor the resources to provide such services. Other research groups on campus such as IQSS and the Center for Geographic Analysis are rich resources for data support, though there is some lack of clarity on what services they provide and to whom.

This is also true for the libraries themselves in that librarians cannot readily identify the data services of specific libraries and individual librarians to whom they may refer patrons. This is largely due to the lack of communication among individual libraries, each of which can seem like “a foreign country.” While the needs of research groups are very different, these needs are increasingly cross-disciplinary. This makes it even more important for librarians to be able to connect researchers with expertise beyond their own libraries.

To better support data management, it is important that general data support including data management tools and training (e.g., Dataverse, project management tools) be offered to researchers

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 37 Consultation Report and students across campus. One potential way to deliver this support may be to use a triage model that designates a centralized service point or liaisons at each department or school to direct patrons to the appropriate library (or external) resource.

Challenges  Difficulty in identifying who to send someone to for help both within and outside the libraries especially with no central location to send patrons.  Confusion over IQSS’s role in providing data management services (e.g., who are they willing to serve?).  Lack of knowledge concerning what data management services other libraries and groups are providing, which has affected the amount of specific guidance currently provided on the Harvard Library Data Management Research Guide.  No culture for data sharing at Harvard.  Multiple systems currently being used for data dissemination and preservation (i.e., Dataverse, DASH).  Communication between libraries and other groups can be challenging.  Levels of data services and skills across libraries varies greatly.  Variety in levels of data support needed by students.

Opportunities & Ideas  Provide “data grants” for students to fund data purchases for their research.  Personal relationships can help librarians build knowledge networks for serving patrons’ data needs (e.g., Business School relationship with Center for Geographic Analysis).  Provide a centralized location to get a basic level of data management support across the research lifecycle with referrals to designated librarians for each data management service (purchasing, cleaning, analysis, archiving and sharing, etc.).  Provide some discretionary funds to allow libraries to “try something out” in regards to purchasing data.

HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY RESEARCH, TEACHING, AND LEARNING  Laura Farwell-Blake, Head of Services for Academic Programs (Widener Library)  Odile Harter, Research Librarian (Lamont Library/Widener Library)  Kathleen Sheehan, Research Librarian (Widener Library)

The activities of librarians providing research, teaching, and learning services in the research data management space include data acquisitions (in coordination with E-Resources and Electronic Collections) and general reference and referral services for data management support. Researchers from a variety of departments in the humanities especially (e.g., English, comparative literature, and History) have embraced data-driven approaches to research, and have sought librarians’ assistance with accessing and in some cases using data for text and data mining. This role of the library as a research partner is not as well understood in the social sciences, which makes it important for the library to redefine the idea of the library and the role of the librarian.

Due to increasing need for data management support, librarians are considering the need to skill up so that they can have a better working knowledge of data, which will enable them to better understand and fulfill patron requests more effectively and appropriately. Some of these requests may require

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 38 Consultation Report referral to other libraries that provide specific data management services or hold certain database licenses; for instance, often researchers are often referred to the sole data librarian at Lamont Library for assistance with working with data. However, referrals can also be challenging because of the lack of information sharing among library units--each of which offer very different service models for very different communities.

Teaching can be a unifying force for decentralized library units. A program to train liaison librarians to teach data literacy to researchers in their assigned departments can help the campus community become aware of available data management services and resources. Although a previous training program to teach librarians data science skills was initiated in the past, there was not a sustainable model to continue the program.

Challenges  Lack of clarity on what data management services and expertise are available and where to refer researchers to these services and expertise.  Disseminating knowledge about new data collections and concerns over duplication in purchasing.  Lack of resources for digitization of texts for text and data mining and less than preservation standard for digitization.  Competition with external groups and among libraries making it difficult to collaborate with other groups on campus.  Skilling up to meet growing data needs of researchers in the Digital Humanities.

Opportunities & Ideas  Use teaching as a unifying force by teaching librarians how to teach basic data literacy.  Use a data science approach to librarianship that employs the same tools and methods used by researchers.  Build a tighter working relationship with IQSS.  Create a system for information sharing concerning collection development, purchasing data, and curation responsibilities.  Provide librarians with more knowledge on working with data (even basic vocabulary).  Create a physical space (Cabot Library?) that could function as a commons and locus for research and be part of a more programmatic approach for providing data management services.

HARVARD SCIENCE LIBRARIES AND MAP COLLECTIONS  Bonnie Burns, Library Manager (Lamont Library/Harvard Map Collection)  Michael Leach, Head of Collection Development in the Cabot Science Library (Cabot Library)  Chris Erdmann, Head Librarian (Wolbach Library - Harvard College Observatory)  Daina Bouquin, Assistant Head and E-Resources Librarian (Wolbach Library - Harvard College Observatory)

The librarians from the science libraries and map collections work closely with faculty and students engaged in several disciplinary domains in the physical sciences, statistics, and mathematics. Because Harvard University does not have a geography department, the GIS Library is the primary resource for faculty and students engaged in GIS related research. Often embedded in the research community, these librarians have a high level of subject expertise and knowledge of the data management and sharing needs and requirements of the domains they serve.

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Using this expertise, the librarians developed the Data Scientist Training for Librarians workshop to give librarians across and beyond the Harvard Library system the skills they need to become active collaborators with researchers. While this training program is not currently being offered, other training opportunities will be provided to scientists to allow them to gain the requisite computational skills and knowledge of data tools where opportunities did not exist in their curricula. These workshops are taught by the librarians and other experts with whom the library has a relationship. These libraries would like to be seen as a place for these types of training events, but needs additional funding support for honoraria and other incidentals.

Harvard library and the Harvard campus as a whole would benefit from a community of practice around data. While there has been some collaboration across library units to develop the research data management webpage and introduce the DMPTool, expertise still exists in “scattered pockets” among the libraries. Librarians tend to be entrenched in the priorities of their own libraries, each library often accountable to a different funding stream. Thus, there can be conflict between working with the research community and working with the greater library organization; the “one library” model is still nascent.

Building communities of practice around data management is possible when steering committees are led not by high-level library leadership, but by managers who experience their libraries’ first-hand needs and opportunities. Breaking down existing silos could be accomplished if managers can find opportunities to engage in common projects that also allow librarians to learn about the building blocks of data that will allow them to go beyond writing data management plans to supporting implementation of data management plans.

Challenges  Coming together across domains to collaborate on data management can be challenging due to the structural difference and varying funding streams of libraries (e.g., HL Observatory is partially funded by Smithsonian).  Conflicts arise between groups on campus because of overlapping roles and responsibilities (e.g., developing templates for DMPTool and conflict with OSR).  Making DMPs actionable and getting researchers to actually implement what they included in a DMP.  Current lack of community around data at Harvard with scattered pockets of expertise instead.  Social and cultural factors that may elicit “imposter syndrome” in librarians, perceptions of alienation for those who have more skills than others have, or feelings that their current skills are undervalued.  Learning loss after gaining new data skills from training workshops due to lack of on-the-job use.  Tension between working within domain communities and working with the larger library because of the lack of reciprocity between Harvard Library and the domain libraries (e.g., Harvard Library not “giving back” to domain libraries who offer support to the greater library community).

Opportunities & Ideas  Expand training for librarians so they can get exposure to relevant tools and gain the vocabulary to “talk data” (e.g., Erdmann’s previous “Data Scientist Training for Librarians”, Bouquin’s pilot training program, Australia National Data Service 23 (research data) things).

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 Recruit instructors for training programs through relationships with researchers and from graduate students or post-docs who are seeking teaching experience.  Make DMPs more actionable by putting them on GitHub.  Empower managers to build teams that understand data and encourage employees to learn on the job.  Explore new ways to manage the libraries (i.e., this “one library” model is just beginning).  Create a “seed account” that can be used across libraries for honoraria, incidentals, etc.

HARVARD-YENCHING LIBRARY  James Cheng, Librarian of the Harvard-Yenching Library (Harvard Yenching Library)  Sharon Yang, Librarian for Access Services and Digitization Projects (Harvard Yenching Library)  Xiao-he Ma, Librarian for the Chinese Collection in the Harvard-Yenching Library (Harvard Yenching Library)  Mikyung Kang, Librarian for the Korean Collection (Harvard Yenching Library)

The Harvard-Yenching Library, third largest library within the Harvard Library system, employs librarians who possess authoritative subject and language expertise. Research data management services involve purchasing unique datasets, digitizing textual materials, and providing access to specialized databases. While researchers are adopting text and data mining research strategies in increasing numbers, Harvard- Yenching librarians stress that domain knowledge and language competence are critical for such analytical approaches. Hence, librarians have become collaborators on research projects to provide necessary historical and cultural context and language skills.

Some research projects, particularly those conducted in the Department of East Asian Language, have required technical skills to create machine-readable data from digitized images and PDFs, develop database search interfaces, and make connections between existing databases using APIs. There has been mounting pressure for Harvard-Yenching Library to actively promote digital research, learn new skills to work with data, and hire full-time library staff to support data. However, the majority of the library’s patrons are “traditionalists” for whom print materials continue to satisfy their research needs. This makes it difficult to justify such an expansion of services and a new hire for the few researchers who conduct data-driven digital humanities research. Furthermore, some researchers have used part of grant funds to include a data expert on their project team, and have not had the need to seek out support for this aspect of their research from the library.

This is not to say that librarians do not recognize the changing landscape of research and the emergence of data science in the humanities disciplines. Librarians do have an interest in learning technical skills to support digital humanities that will enable them to further help researchers make informed methodological decisions. They understand that all of the Harvard libraries must be responsive to the needs of the campus community whatever those needs may be--whether that be access to knowledge in the form of print materials or digital materials. To do so will require centralization of data support to accommodate all data needs, rather than the existing silos of data management support across the library system.

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Challenges  Clearly defining the role of librarians in digital humanities projects.  Responding to pressure from a vocal professor, who represents the minority of the scholars (approximately 10%) seeking data support from the library, to expand their scope to provide dedicated digital humanities support.  Resistance to change among staff who have been employed at Harvard for a long time.  Providing data from a database as a direct download for text mining.

Opportunities & Ideas  Librarians can play a significant role in digital humanities research projects by assisting in preparing materials for text mining and providing relevant subject expertise to inform researchers’ methodological approaches.  Provide librarians from all units on campus with data management training to help advance their skills.  Create a central office to handle digital literature.  Create the Digital Scholarship Office (DSO) to provide computing and data support to researchers across campus and allow the librarians in the DSO and the subject librarians to “complement each other.”

HCL MAPS, MEDIA, DATA, AND GOVERNMENT INFORMATION  Martin Schreiner, Director of Maps, Media, Data and Government Information (Lamont Library)

The Lamont Library provides a range of research data management services with a focus on facilitating data discovery, access, and use. Lamont offers research tools and spaces, data workshops, and maintains a Dataverse in the Harvard Dataverse. Librarians at Lamont library receive specialized training on equipment and techniques, which allow them to articulate and interpret data issues with faculty in a meaningful way. Librarians are also creating their own data and tools as learning objects or for others to use in their research. With this reshaping of librarian roles, Lamont Library is rethinking its physical space to create a unified service model where the library is not just a place to access resources, but also where researchers have at their disposal training workshops, computing tools, and experts they need so that they can “do” data. Librarians are no longer gatekeepers of collections, but research collaborators.

Currently, it can be challenging for people to find the expertise at the right time in their research projects. Harvard Library is vast, and resources exist that many are unaware of. If the University moved forward with plans for a physical Digital Scholarship Center, it is the hope that librarians will have a presence in the new space where they can direct researchers along a clear path from project idea inception to archiving their data by referring them to the appropriate resource.

Challenges  Harvard is huge and some people aren’t aware of available resources. This can make it difficult for people to get the right expertise at the right time.

Opportunities & Ideas  Adapt space in Lamont to provide easy access to data expertise and computing resources.  Expand staff support to be available remotely and build staff expertise.

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 Help users rethink the library where librarians work “more as partners than as gatekeepers” and librarians are engaged in the work researchers and students are doing (e.g., makerspace).  Libraries creating learning objects or tools from collections (e.g., maps).  Create a lifecycle model for RDM services where people are available at each point in the lifecycle to help.

STEWARDSHIP STANDING COMMITTEE  Megan Sniffin-Marinoff, University Archivist (Harvard University Archives)  Adys Kozbial, Collections and Outreach Librarian (Frances Loeb Library-Design Library)

The Harvard Stewardship Standing Committee is one of five standing committees charged with guiding and applying the strategic direction of the Harvard Library. Its main focus is the long-term preservation and use of all types of materials, including research data. They are concerned with two streams of research data – data that is purchased for use by faculty and students and data that is generated by Harvard. The committee’s approach is to consider all aspects of the full lifecycle of materials. Although they are concerned with the initial stages of data creation because of the long-term impacts of early decisions, much of their concern is focused on the issues and challenges of data archiving and sharing that arise at later stages in the research lifecycle. While Harvard University has issued policy and guidance for the retention and maintenance of research records and data that includes directives for data archiving, the policy has not been consistently disseminated to the Harvard research community, nor within the library community. However, with no budget or infrastructure for managing long-term research data storage within the Harvard Library, the policy mandates for the Harvard Library are considered an unfunded mandate to date.

It is clear that the data archiving needs across disciplines varies as does the amount of expertise librarians and archivists have to support data archiving. Furthermore, how groups articulate data management issues can be quite different, and knowledge gaps in definitions of data management is noteworthy. Interacting with other libraries and archives as part of the Stewardship Standing Committee to create the Data Management Research Guide on the Harvard Library website and to establish the Harvard University partnership with the DMPTool was a great opportunity for libraries and archives to communicate with each other on this topic and understand the similarities and differences in data practices and needs across disciplines.

Moving forward, a partnership between the University Archives, the archives at the medical and business schools, and the Harvard Library will help facilitate policy compliance with Harvard faculty produced data. Librarians who engage with researchers on their projects and archivists who have knowledge of standards and best practices for long-term data preservation, security, and access as well as knowledge on internal Harvard University policy should coordinate to ensure researchers are given accurate information and access to appropriate resources for data management. In doing so, researchers will be better positioned to comply with Harvard’s data policy and write data management plans that truly reflect the needs of their data and how the plan will be executed.

Challenges

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 New Harvard Retention and Maintenance of Research Records and Data Policy are not consistently disseminated to the broader research community.  New policy equates to an unfunded mandate for the University Archives to manage research data at initial and later stages without current provisions for long-term preservation.  Foresee ownership issues arising due to new research data retention policy (i.e., HL Observatory data also funded by Smithsonian).  Currently, no coordinated way to store purchased data for the long-term.  Need to develop a shared vocabulary to discuss data management topics across libraries; different groups have different levels of expertise.  Concern librarians are helping to write DMPs without knowledge of this internal policy and/or broader sharing and archiving considerations (need for a more robust partnership between the archives and library).  Distribution of expertise across different libraries.  No infrastructure to deal with data at Harvard except Dataverse, which is problematic for data that researchers don’t want to share or for big data. DASH exclusively handles open access materials, and University Archives have no IT infrastructure to handle research data.  Disconnect between what archivists and librarians are talking about in regards to data management (i.e., talking at cross-purposes).  Decentralized environment.  DMPTool group only agreed to monitor for one year. What is the sustainability plan?

Opportunities & Ideas  DMPTool working group was an example of how librarians and archivists can be brought together across disciplines to communicate and collaborate on a new data management resource for the Harvard community.  Create a framework for understanding relationships between data and the appropriate staff at the Harvard Library (i.e., who can help researchers throughout the lifecycle and particularly with sharing data in compliance with internal and external policies).  Bring together the archive, library, and Dataverse pieces.

MEDICAL LIBRARY  Emily Gustainis, Deputy Director, Center for the History of Medicine (Countway Medical Library)

Within the Countway Medial Library, the Center for the History of Medicine houses special collections that increasingly include research data from departments across the Harvard Medical School. The Center is part of the Data Management Working Group at the Medical School, which provides local RDM training and education and brings together different groups at the Medical School involved in data management (i.e., IT, academic departments, librarians, archives and records management). The Center is also currently working on a grant with the University of Alberta to develop operational approaches for the long-term preservation of research data and maintains a Dataverse for archiving and sharing research data.

While some data management topics and services are generalizable across disciplines, there are numerous benefits gained by archivists and librarians being embedded within the community they serve. For instance, records managers and archivists at the Medical School are uniquely situated to work closely with researchers to preserve their data, build an understanding of community needs, build trust,

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 44 Consultation Report and advocate for archiving research data. The Center has also begun in-depth interviews with researchers within the School of Public Health to gain further understanding of their RDM needs. One key challenge currently faced by the Center is a lack of network storage space for housing collections in the interim in a location that complies with Harvard security policies.

Challenges  Getting researchers to think outside the context of “their project” and convincing them their data has long-term value.  Data storage limitations.  Storing and archiving anonymized human subjects data.  Coordination with different stakeholders (i.e., researchers, IRB, individual hospitals) to receive and prepare data for archiving.  Data ownership can become complex for collaborative projects.  Lack of interim storage for Center collections that are pending processing or for researchers needing to store their “grey data” during the active research phase in compliance with Harvard security policies.  Variety of things going on at Medical School can make it difficult to gain a holistic view (i.e., different labs using different tools; diversity of systems, workflows and processes).  Challenge of providing DMP consultations when certain infrastructure for supporting RDM is unavailable (i.e., what should people put for active-phase storage in DMP?)

Opportunities & Ideas  Importance of all archivists having knowledge to support digital archiving (i.e., all archivists need to be digital archivists and understand computing environment issues)  Archivists and records managers being embedded within a community provides opportunities to go out and engage with faculty and students daily.  Expanding promotion of data management services at Medical School and developing more research data management training.  Provide infrastructure for the storage of data throughout the research lifecycle (perhaps create a cloud space that complies with Harvard policies?) that would provide a secure environment and allow researchers to push their data to an archive at the conclusion of a project.  Provide additional data management/data science trainings to the Harvard community (i.e., Chris Erdmann’s class) but make these classes available during normal work hours.

INSTITUTE FOR QUANTITATIVE SOCIAL SCIENCE  Mercè Crosas, Chief Data Science and Technology Officer (IQSS)

The Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS) provides multiple services that support the RDM needs of researchers across Harvard’s campus. IQSS leads the development and technical support of the Harvard Dataverse, a repository for researchers across campus to openly share and archive their data. IQSS works in collaboration with the Harvard Library and Harvard University IT to support Harvard Dataverse. IQSS also coordinates and cooperates with libraries to help researchers and research groups get started using the Dataverse and provides trainings to librarians on Dataverse administration and management. IQSS also offers data science workshops and trainings on topics that span the data lifecycle.

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 45 Consultation Report

IQSS is also working on collaborative development projects with groups on campus, such as the Medical School, to meet the unique data needs of those research communities. These types of data infrastructure and research computing projects aim to build further RDM integrations across the research lifecycle. IQSS sees multiple opportunities to continue to collaborate with the library and other groups on campus including Harvard IT and research computing to build integrated RDM solutions for researchers to address researcher’s needs from the beginning of a research project to when the data are archived within a repository.

Challenges  Providing comprehensive outreach on available resources including consultation hours and data science services due to time limitation and the number of school at Harvard University.

Opportunities & Ideas  Multiple opportunities to expand collaboration with other groups including the library, IT, and research computing to organize co-sponsored workshops, develop more integrated RDM services and infrastructure, and provide archival solutions to ensure data meet requirements for long-term preservation  Expand curation services provided by IQSS

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 46 Consultation Report

APPENDIX B. Research Data Management Resources

Organizations and Professional Groups Digital Curation Centre: A UK-based centre to support expertise and practice in data curation and digital preservation across communities of practice. DCC provides a large quantity of RDM resources. DataCite: A global provider for assigning digital object identifiers (DOIs) to research data. DataCite also maintains a searchable index of research data as well as other resources, such as the DataCite Metadata Schema and reusable outreach materials. Research Data Alliance: An organization with over 4,000 members that forms interest and working groups with experts from around the world to enable data sharing through building social and technical bridges. DataOne: A community driven project that promotes best practices in data management through educational materials and resources and provides access to Earth and environmental data across member repositories. UK Data Archive: A UK-based data archive that contains a large collection of social science and humanities research data as well as many useful guides for creating and managing data throughout the research lifecycle. ICPSR: A member-based social science data archive that provides access to a wide-variety of publicly available and member-restricted research data. ICPSR also provides multiple teaching resources and RDM guidance materials, including a comprehensive Guide for preparing and archiving social science data.

Tools DMPTool: A tool created by the University of California Curation Center to assist researchers in creating data management plans in compliance with institutional and funder requirements. DMPOnline: Developed by the DCC to help researchers based in the UK write data management plans in compliance with funder requirements. Re3data: A registry of research data repositories that helps researchers search for and find repositories to archive and share their data.

Training and Education Research Data Management & Sharing MOOC: A massive open online course (MOOC) available on Coursera that provides an introduction to how to effectively manage and share research data. MANTRA: A free online course for research data management training including software tutorials and a DIY training kit for librarians. Essentials for Data Supporters: An online course for information professionals who want to support researchers in storing, managing, archiving and sharing their research data. 23 (research data) Things: A self-directed learning program to help individuals build their understanding of research data and its potential. A re-purpose toolkit is also available with training materials and resources.

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 47 Consultation Report

RDMRose: An open educational resource that provides educational materials including slides, activities, and cases studies.

Literature Association of European Research Libraries. (2012). Ten recommendations for libraries to get started with research data management. Retrieved from http://libereurope.eu/wp- content/uploads/The%20research%20data%20group%202012%20v7%20final.pdf Henderson, M. E., & Knott, T. L. (2015). Starting a research data management program based in a university library. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 34(1), 47–59. http://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2015.986783 Hey, A. J. G., Tansley, S., & Tolle, K. M. (2009). The fourth paradigm: Data-intensive scientific discovery. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Research. Higgins, S. (2008). The DCC curation lifecycle model. International Journal of Digital Curation, 3(1), 134– 140. http://doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v3i1.48 Mitchell, E. T. (2013). Research support: The new mission for libraries. Journal of Web Librarianship, 7(1), 109–113. http://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2013.757930 Peters, C., & Dryden, A. R. (2011). Assessing the academic library’s role in campus-wide research data management: A first step at the university of houston. Science & Technology Libraries, 30(4), 387–403. http://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2011.626340 Pinfield, S., Cox, A. M., & Smith, J. (2014). Research data management and libraries: Relationships, activities, drivers and influences. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e114734. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114734 Plutchak, T. S., & Kaplan, L. (2016). A library perspective: Data wranglers in libraryland: Finding opportunities in the changing policy landscape. The Serials Librarian, 70(1–4), 14–25. http://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2016.1148497 Raboin, R., Reznik-Zellen, R., & Salo, D. (2012). Forging new service paths: Institutional approaches to providing research data management services. Journal of eScience Librarianship, 1(3), e1021. http://doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2012.1021 Reznik-Zellen, R., Adamick, J., & McGinty, S. (2012). Tiers of research data support services. Journal of eScience Librarianship, 1(1), e1002. http://doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2012.1002 Salo, D. (2010). Retooling libraries for the data challenge. Ariadne, (64). Retrieved from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue64/salo Salo, D. (2013). How to scuttle a scholarly-communication initiative. Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication, 1(4). http://doi.org/10.7710/2162-3309.1075 Varvel, V. E., & Shen, Y. (2013). Data management consulting at The Johns Hopkins University. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 19(3), 224–245. http://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2013.768277 Wang, M., & Fong, B. L. (2015). Embedded data librarianship: A case study of providing data management support for a science department. Science & Technology Libraries, 34(3), 228–240. http://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2015.1085348

Research Data Management at Harvard Library 48 Consultation Report

EMBRACING THE LIBRARY’S DIGITAL FUTURE

FOR NEARLY 400 YEARS, THE HISTORY its astonishing portfolio of primary source materi- of the Harvard Library has been tied to the support als related to life in the 17th and 18th centuries. of alumni and friends. From John Harvard’s The Library is also digitizing its extensive collection bequest of 400 volumes that formed the Library’s of Chinese rare books from the Song, Yuan, Ming, first collection to Eleanor Elkins Widener’s transfor- and Qing dynasties. With these resources available mative gift in her son’s honor creating the Library online, they can be utilized by people all over the that generations of students have made their world. Related materials held in depositories in scholarly home, the Harvard Library as it exists different countries can be reunited digitally, open- today is the manifestation of the generosity of the ing up new paths of scholarship and understanding. Harvard community. As Thomas explains, “If you look at what’s happen- “The Library is at the heart of Harvard, and it is ing in the world today in terms of educational and a vital part of every student’s time on campus. research partnerships, there is growth in global Our alumni are deeply connected to the Library, collaboration. At the Harvard Library, our goal is to Left: Modern students aren’t the only ones who doodle in their notebooks. This selection and their support makes it possible for us to increase the amount of the collection that is have an impact on the next generation of students,” accessible for discovery and use—transforming from the 1795 mathematics notebook of Harvard undergraduate William Tudor AB 1796, AM says Sarah Thomas, vice president for the Harvard documents from their original form as books, 1799 depicts more than just his geometry homework. Tudor’s notebook is just one of Library, University Librarian, and Roy E. Larsen manuscripts, maps, and photographs into digital thousands of items digitized as part of the Colonial North American Project. Librarian for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. files that can be accessed well beyond the Library’s walls. Gifts from alumni like John make that Center: After graduating from Harvard, Edward Bangs Drew AB 1863, AM 1869 joined This generosity allows the Harvard Library to possible.” preserve and honor its past while also redefining the Chinese Maritime Customs Service. In his decades of service, he collected photographs the future of information, libraries, and scholarship. The Library continues to innovate in many other that document daily life in 19th-century China. His collection is housed at Harvard- For alumni like John Savarese AB ’77, JD ’81, who ways as well. Whether it’s creating spaces for Yenching Library and can also be viewed online. recently made a gift to support digitization of the students to collaborate or providing state-of-the- Library’s collections, giving is an opportunity to art resources and technologies, close to four Right: An imaging technician prepares one of Theodore Roosevelt’s manuscripts for expand access. centuries later, the Library remains the centerpiece digitization. Every day, library specialists are working to make items like this one housed of academic life at Harvard.  In our digital age, the Library does not simply in Houghton Library accessible to patrons around the world. conserve our history and culture, it makes information more accessible to students, scholars, and patrons around the globe. For example, the Colo- nial North American Project is working to digitize

ABOVE: A CAMERA OPERATOR WORKS INSIDE THE IMAGING STUDIO AT WIDENER LIBRARY.

26 HARVARD UNIVERSITY REPORT OF GIVING 2015–2016 27 Harvard Law School Library Innovation Lab

At the Harvard Law School Library, we work on projects that explore the intersection of law, libraries and technology. We focus heavily on open access to information, as seen in our Caselaw Access Project and Perma.

The Caselaw Access Project began in 2013 as an idea to unleash 334 years of American caselaw, the bedrock of American jurisprudence. In 2015, the New York Times reported on the genesis of the project. Since then, the Harvard Law School Library scanned almost 40,000 volumes totaling nearly 39 million pages of material, from the beginning of the republic through 2015. The next steps in the project include continuing quality control, converting the scanned images into machine-readable text files, extracting individual cases into individual files, redacting headnotes and other editorial content, and finally making the redacted images and text files freely accessible online. We hope this work will be complete by the end of 2017.

Open access to law enhances access to justice. With that in mind, we are working with various state and federal courts to help them publish their future decisions on the free web in a manner that will allow anyone to access them at no cost. Vice Dean Jonathan Zittrain recently submitted written comment to the House Judiciary Committee’s subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Internet, encouraging the use of the Government Printing Office’s FDSys system to make federal court decisions available online. Our team is also actively collaborating with court officials in Massachusetts and California to help them move toward a digital-first publishing model that will ensure broad access.

While CAP makes caselaw freely accessible, Perma resolves the issue of linkrot in scholarly and legal publications. We found that in a survey of several legal journals, over 70% of citations of web links contained links that were broken or no longer pointed to their intended source content, and roughlty 50% of all links in United States Supreme Court opinions suffered from link rot. Perma captures and permanently stores the page cited and returns a unique URL for citation purposes. We have partnered with over 200 educational institutions to provide Perma to their student journals and for faculty use. In addition we are working with courts to adopt Perma in their judicial decisions. In 2016, we received a grant from IMLS to explore the commercialization of Perma.

Finally, we are continually developing H2O, a platform for creating and sharing open course materials. Legal textbooks are bulky and expensive. Faculty may only assign a fraction of the reading from 1,000 page textbook. H2O allows a faculty member to mix content from a limitless sources, including CAP. Some faculty are even creating and mixing content on H2O and publishing their own textbooks, making educational materials available to their students for a fraction of the cost. All material in H2O is licensed for sharing and adoption under a creative commons license, making it truly open. H2O is currently being used primarily by law faculty, however it is open to faculty of any discipline, at any university or college in the world.

The Harvard Law School Library invites you to visit us in person or virtually to explore these three projects, and the many other services we provide to the Harvard community and beyond.

The Library Innovation Lab: http://lil.law.harvard.edu/ The Harvard Law School Library: http://hls.harvard.edu/library/

The Baker 3.0 Ecosystem

The Opportunity and the Challenge:

While the world around us is constantly changing, the primary purpose of libraries and librarians has not. Academic research libraries continue as the dynamic interface that enables people to interact with content through multiple technologies. The explosion of content and advancements of technology are disrupting the way our user communities research, teach, and learn in this digital world – forcing a realignment of our expertise, collections, products, services, and systems in order to meet their needs.

This disruption drives the Baker 3.0 Ecosystem design – a user-centric model that embraces design thinking to create new opportunities for us to navigate the digital knowledge space in order to provide distinctive information services, resources, and expertise so that our community excels.

The Approach:

Baker 3.0 utilizes the principles of the semantic web to create meaning by knowing the context; structures of information management to construct a web of linked data; and, business information expertise to curate relevant content. No longer a Google-style firehose, the ability to surface content related to a query within the context of a need returns relevant, high-quality results that enable research, teaching, and learning.

A range of information technologies support the user experience – digital asset management, cloud computing, federated search, personalized, customized delivery via multiple mobile devices. At the core is a content management system and information infrastructure that enable the identification of content in multiple repositories that can then be discovered by a user or disseminated via customized information products.

The Ecosystem build started in 2011 with the information management infrastructure, developing the metadata and entity management processes needed to support semantic search. The next layer focused on the content management system and the discovery platform – the ability to surface content and make it accessible for multiple uses. We are currently in the middle of a three-phase project, having just launched a new web site in January 2017 (Phase I). We will add increased search functionality, personalization and micro-site production in Phase II (June 2017) and federated search (single search across multiple databases) in Phase III (June 2018). At the same time, we have begun to connect various digital processing components to extend access to our archival collections. June 2018 begins further work to integrate digital archives components.

The following chart highlights the Baker 3.0 Ecosystem components:

Baker 3.0 Ecosystem Overview – February 28, 2017 1

Discovery Platform & CMS

Digital Archives

The Benefits:

More a knowledge management system than a stand-alone library catalog or website, the Baker 3.0 Ecosystem surfaces the collective knowledge of Harvard Business School, enabling us to find and make available the ideas of our faculty. Surfacing content in this way provides a rich, more efficient and less frustrating user experience that can lead to new insights. It also increases access to our licensed content and special collections, which increases the ROI on collection development.

About Knowledge and Library Services:

As a special collection supporting the research, teaching, and learning of business management, Baker Library at the Harvard Business School houses a pre-eminent contemporary and historic collection of unique materials spanning eight centuries. A team of 60 librarians, archivists, economists, statisticians, researchers, journalists, and information management professionals produce a comprehensive suite of products and services in collaboration with colleagues across the Harvard Library.

Baker 3.0 Ecosystem Overview – February 28, 2017 2

Charlie Archive at the Harvard Library

Project realized in collaboration between the Western Languages Division of the Harvard College Library and the Romance Language Department, Harvard University

The Charlie Hebdo is a weekly French satirical magazine that features cartoons, reports, debates, and jokes that are strongly non-conformist. It was originally a companion publication to Hara-Kiri in the 1970s and then ceased publication in 1981. Charlie Hebdo was resurrected in 1992 and is currently in publication.

The attacks of January 7, 8, and 9 2015 against Charlie Hebdo and a kosher supermarket in Paris sparked a vigorous debate about fundamental political and ethical issues such as freedom of expression, the relation between state, religion and society, respect for other beliefs and perspectives, inequality, and the disenfranchisement of individuals and communities. Participants in this debate represent a wide range of political positions and social backgrounds. Though the events and subsequent protests were concentrated in France, extensive media coverage drew global attention. “Je suis Charlie” or “Je ne suis pas Charlie” became international expressions of adhesion to or distance from the stance attributed to Charlie Hebdo with regard to religion in general and to Islam in particular.

Since March 2015, the Western Languages Division at Harvard's Widener Library has been building the “Charlie Archive at the Harvard Library” that includes materials produced in the aftermath of these events and representing diverse perspectives through different media responding to the terrorists’ attacks in France in 2015 themselves or contributing to the debates around the events. The archive contains a wide array of materials including current mainstream publications, web content as well as manuscript, printed, digital, and ephemeral content that might not otherwise be captured in a library collection but are crucial to making sense of these events and conversations.

Charlie Archive materials are made available for research and education to scholars, teachers, and students. For scholars, the archive is used as a resource for research in various fields and disciplines. For teachers and students, the archive serves as a database and resource for the development of teaching materials. For all future users of the library, it will document a peculiar moment in the early twenty-first century, when the word “Charlie” all of a sudden took on tragic significance, and became charged with conflicting emotions, opinions, and agendas.

Colonial North America at Harvard Library Harvard University has been engaged in an initiative to digitize its extensive holdings from the 17th and 18th centuries. Colonial North America at Harvard Library, as the project is known, began with the first-ever census of documents from this period. Distributed across all Harvard schools, in 12 libraries and archives, the inventory registered circa 500,000 pages. The collections include a range of materials—personal letters, diaries, and journals; commonplace books; drawings; handwritten maps and dictionaries; unpublished plays and ballads; notebooks of botanical and medical observations; household management account books, ledgers, and financial records; ships logs; sermons and church records; and legal documents. From full collections of family papers to single, rare items, the collection is rich with detail. Examples of the materials being digitized as part of this project include George Washington’s order calling for the end of fighting between the United States and Great Britain issued at Newburgh, Benedict Arnold’s diary chronicling the American Continental Army’s expedition to Quebec in 1775, John Hancock’s personal papers and accounting records from his role as Harvard’s treasurer from 1773 to 1777, Mercy Otis Warren’s satirical plays and poems written in support of American independence and patriotic causes, Alexander Hamilton’s correspondence written principally while serving as secretary of the treasury, and original copies of the laws created by Pennsylvania Governor William Penn in 1700. Since 2012, the Harvard Library has digitized 60% of the 500,000 pages inventoried. Digitized materials are available for discovery by the public through Harvard’s online catalog, through a web portal (coming soon), and through the Digital Public Library of America. The remaining material includes many valuable 17th and 18th century historical pages, such as the following rare books and manuscripts at Harvard’s Houghton Library and Baker Library (Harvard Business School).

Jared Sparks Collection. Spanning the years 1560-1843, this collection of manuscripts was amassed by Sparks, an American historian, educator, Unitarian minister, and former President of Harvard College, 1849-1853. Sparks is credited with encouraging the serious study of and research into American history. American political and military history. Collected papers and hand-written accounts reveal aspects early American political and military history, including contributions concerning the Boston Tea Party compiled by Scottish statesman and poet Gilbert Elliot, the third Baronet of Minto (1722-1777); an account of the British forces serving under General William Howe (1729-1814) in 1777 during the American Revolution; and the papers of British Colonel John Storer of Wells, Maine, and his regiment related to the Louisbourg Campaign of King George’s War in 1744 and 1745. Colonial commerce and business practices. Numerous manuscripts depict trade relations with areas outside the colonies and provide insight into business practices and activities across a variety of fields from brick making to whaling. Key manuscripts include the correspondence and related papers of Thomas Temple, the British proprietor and governor of Nova Scotia (1657-1660). Also included are account books from brick and pottery makers in Massachusetts; farmers in Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; carriage makers and wheelwrights in Massachusetts and Vermont; clothing and hat manufacturers in New England and New York; blacksmiths in New England and New York; and sawmills, lumber dealers, and makers of various wood products in New England and New York. Digitization is a priority for Harvard because it is an essential tool in the university’s plan to share its vast and valuable assets, acquired over centuries, with the world. Further, digitization enables people to unite distributed texts and documents separated by time and place, and to undertake new types of scholarship and exploration of ideas. Digitization often drives traffic to originals and to use of other collections, which have not been made as easily accessible. Lastly, as more extensive digitization occurs, libraries will transform the management of collections and their services, moving from labor-intensive processes of inventory management to higher-level partnerships with scholars and others mining a large corpus of works for deeper understanding. The Colonial North American collections at Harvard have deep connections to collections at other North American archives and institutions. The on-going digitization of Harvard’s collections, as well as the advent of initiatives such as the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), and digitization performed at other institutions provides opportunities for linking these collections and making the discovery of materials easier. For several years Harvard has held discussions with the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Boston Public Library, and the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec about joining in a collaborative digitization project. Harvard sees the next step as becoming a hub to link its collections to others, to foster best practices in support of seamless access, and to promote actively the discovery and use of the linked holdings. The historical nature of manuscript and archives distribution was such that the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Boston Public Library, and Harvard University all share parts of collections that had been broken up and widely sold or otherwise distributed over time by families or institutions. _• __ •_,/ 111 What's Next? Exploring New\ x�

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.;D;ll!. HARVARD UNIVERSITY HARVARD.EDU .i::i What's Next? Exploring New Ways to Use Digital Early AmericanManuscripts An Unconferencesponsored by the Colonial North America at Harvard Library Project, November 16, 2016

Sponsored by the Colonial North America at Harvard Library project, What:S Next? £ExploringNew Ways to Use Digital £EarlyAmerican Manuscripts is an unconference that will bring together researchers, teachers, technologists. librarians and archivists, and others with an interest in discussing and planning for new ways to use digital manuscripts, particularly those related to 17th and 18th century North America, for teaching and research.

The unconference will take place from 9 am to 4 pm on November 16, 2016 in the Knafel Center, Radcliffe Institute at Harvard University.

The goal of the Colonial North America at Harvard Library project is to provide free and open online access to images of all known archival and manuscript materials in the Harvard Library that relate to 17th and 18th century North America. These documents - written by the famous and the infamous, the well-known and unknown - reveal a great deal about the changing Atlantic world during the colonial era. Unique and unpublished materials previously available physically at 14 repositories have been digitized and are being united for the first time. The materials provide Insights through the eyes of people who not only wrote about revolution and politics but also about topics such as education, trade, finance, law, science, medicine, religion, family affairs and social life, women, Native Americans, slavery, food and agriculture. Many of the documents contain visual materials, such as drawings, sketches, maps, and other illustrations. In addition to reflecting the origins of the United States, the digitized materials also document aspects of life and work in geographical areas such as Great Britain, France, the Mediterranean coast, Canada, the Caribbean, and Mexico.

Check out the FAQ section for more details about the unconference What's Next? £Exploring New Ways to Use Digital £EarlyAmerican Manuscripts.

We hope you will join in the discussion on November 161

A digital portrait of Colonial life

Wealth of detail in wide-ranging archival project

Harvard’s Colonial North American Project website includes 150,000 images of diaries, journals, notebooks, and other rare documents from the 17th and 18th centuries. A sampling of them are on display at the Pusey Library. (Photos: Stephanie Mitchell, Harvard Staff Photographer)

By Liz Mineo, Harvard Staff Writer November 4, 2015

ear Sister,” wrote John Hancock on May 1, The letter to his sister Mary, shedding light 1754, as a 17-year-old Harvard student, “I wish on Hancock’s raw emotions as he studied in you would spend one hour in writing to me.” Cambridge in the years before the Revolution, “D is a sample of the riches in manuscripts and Before leaving what years later would become his fa- archival material available online at The Colonial mous signature, he wrote, “Your ever loving brother, till North American Project at Harvard University death shall separate us.” (colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu).

1 “It’s a treasure of cultural heritage,” added Frey, who is overseeing the digitization process and the overall project. “If photography would have existed at the time, we would have found photographs in our collections.”

In many of the diaries and journals, fanciful yet vivid illustrations accom- pany meticulous details of life and death, painting a dramatic picture of the Colonial era.

For example, Harvard mathematics Professor John Winthrop kept account of all the deaths, in a “bill of mortality,” Interns from Harvard’s Weissman Preservation Center handled notebooks with care in Cambridge between 1759 and 1768. as they prepared them for the cases in Pusey Library. He wrote there were “235 deaths in 10 years.” Among the most common causes, he noted, Launched Monday, the website of the Colonial North were accidents, fever, consumption, and dysentery. American Project so far includes 150,000 images of diaries, journals, notebooks, and other rare documents Winthrop, who taught at Harvard from 1738 to from the 17th and 18th centuries. 1779, was matched in avid note-taking by his wife, Hannah. Both kept diaries, journals, and personal Part of the University’s endeavor to digitize all almanacs. Their son James, a justice of the peace, fol- its collections and make them available free of charge, lowed the family tradition. In one journal entry, the Colonial North American Project is unique because of its scale. According to a 2011 survey, the material is scattered through 12 repositories — from Houghton Library to the Harvard Uni- versity Archives to Loeb Music Library.

In elegant script, the documents provide a glimpse into the life of North American colonies through the eyes of real people who wrote about family affairs and daily life but also about slavery, Native Americans, education, science, and revolution.

“We’re bringing history alive,” said Franziska Frey, the Malloy- Rabinowitz Preservation Librarian Juliana Kuipers (from left), Emily Atkins, and Catherine Badot-Costello installed a and head of Preservation and Digital small portion of the University’s Colonial North American collection, which will be on Imaging Services. display through March.

2 he wrote: “On the fourth day of December in the year Center, handled some of those notebooks and relished of our Lord 1791, I joined in marriage Cato Bancroft the experience. & Nancy Cutter, both of Cambridge, negroes.” “It’s part of the joy,” said Haqqi, “being close to these objects.” The Winthrop family documents are among those show- cased in the “Opening New Worlds” exhibit in Pusey Merritt agreed: “It’s amazing to see how the individu- Library, to run through March. The exhibit includes a ality comes out in the handwriting and the drawings.” notebook with lecture summaries for a physics course given by Winthrop. It also features handwritten sermons With 150,000 images, the Colonial North American by the Rev. Samuel Willard, who led Harvard in the early Project, supported by the Arcadia Fund and the Sidney 18th century, as well as the teenage Hancock’s letter. Verba Fund, is one-third complete, said Megan Sniffin- Marinoff, University archivist. Work is ongoing at several Student notebooks from the era, many distinguished libraries to digitize the remaining 300,000 images of Co- by their illustrations, are also part of the exhibit. In his lonial North American manuscripts in 1,654 collections. math notebook from 1782, Joshua Green included a watercolor rendering of a quaint village crossed by a “We discovered material that hadn’t been well cata- river to explain how to survey a river. loged, that may have been hidden or forgotten,” said Sniffin-Marinoff. “We want to bring it all out.” On a recent morning, Saira Haqqi and Abigail Merritt, interns with the Weissman Preservation library.harvard.edu/colonial

A watercolor of Christ Church (ca. 1781) “We’re bringing history alive,” said Franziska An inscription on this illustration reads: by Joshua Green is among the 150,000 Frey, who is overseeing the digitization “To the Governors of Harvard College this items in Harvard’s collection. (Courtesy of process and the overall project. Perspective View of Hollis Hall is humbly Harvard University Archives) presented by their dutiful pupil Jonathan Fisher, September 27th, 1791.” (Courtesy of Harvard University Archives)

harvard.edu/gazette

3 Uncovering Harvard Library’s Hidden Colectons

For decades, te Harvard Library has been acquiring exceptonaly rich colectons, but many of tem remained inaccessible t students, facult and researchers. In 2014, te library startd t sponsor initatves t make tese valuable resources discoverable. A wide variet of matrials document a broad range of subjects, events and processes fom across disciplines fom different tmes and places. Photgraphs, audio and video matrial portay te histry and changes at Harvard. School reports, pictures and maps depict te development of New England in te ninetent and twentet centuries. Photgraphs of women’s movements, films and industial documents offer a glimpse int social climat in te Unitd Stats during te twentet century, whereas papers and recordings ilustat Harvard contibuton t te world of knowledge during tat prolific tmes. Finaly, an array of itms send us t a tip int histry, landscapes, politcs, litrature, religion and art fom around te world. HARVARD Improving access t histrical photgraphic views of Harvard, 1853–1990 To improve access t one of its most important photgraph colectons, te Harvard Universit Archives proposes t catalog, re-house and digitze 6000 photgraphic prints of views of Harvard and Cambridge datng fom te mid-19t trough te 20t centuries. Uncovering te Records of te Harvard Library, 1800–1950: a Widener Centnnial Project

Te Harvard Universit Archives proposes t analyze, catalog and rehouse 150 years of Harvard Library records. Tese matrials support research on te development of entre ﬁelds of study, ranging fom te histry of te book t te histry of te sciences and te social sciences. Tey also document te intlectual, social, and politcal lives of individuals and groups and te impact of world events on research, taching, and scholarship.

NEW ENGLAND Exposing 20t Century Aerial Photgraphs of Greatr Bostn, 1952–2002 Aerial photgraphs of eastrn Massachusets taken at regular intrvals for 50 years show changes in te landscape and urban fabric over te course of te second half of te 20t century. Access t tis contnt supports research across a variet of disciplines tat study te environment, urban and rural growt, social and cultural histry. Revealing te Public School Reports Colecton: New England Stats and Municipalites

Making accessible tis unique, comprehensive natonal resource, which has gatered matrials documentng educaton on te local and stat-level, alow researchers at Harvard t locat primary source matrials essental for researching te histry of public educaton in New England, fom te creaton of te earliest common schools in te 1830s trough te mid twentet century. Revealing Modern Massachusets: Cataloging Harvard Map Colecton Massachusets Holdings Most of te modern colecton was invisible t off-sit users, making it difficult for scholars t accuratly judge it. Tis cataloging project makes more of te modern colecton visible t researchers, especialy benefitng tose who need geographic informaton fom te 20t century.

UNITED STATES 20TH CENTURY Te Youngest of te Arts: Te Industial Film Colecton Tis project ensures tis unique colecton is available trough Harvard Library catalogs, so researchers can easily discover te colecton, tat te individual films are in archival, preservatonaly sound strage, and tat te earliest, and most at risk films, are reformated. Catching te Wave: Photgraphs of te Women´s Movement Te Women’s liberaton movement of lat 1960s and 1980s was one of te most tansformatve tmes in U.S. histry. Trough more tan 5,500 images, tese colectons recently uncovered provide a glimpse at tis tme of histry, documentng te changing role of women in civic life, urban living, economic conditons and social causes. Maximizing Microbiology: Molecular Genetcs, Cancer, and Virology, 1936-2000 Tis project seeks t open four manuscript colectons cental t understanding and contxtualizing te evoluton of molecular genetcs in te Unitd Stats. Comprised of approximatly eight-five cubic feet, te records include te research of tree Harvard Medical School facult and offer deep insight in t te fields of genetcs, cancer research and virology. Do What You Can, Wit What You’ve Got: Politcal cartons in te T. Roosevelt Colecton Te Teodore Roosevelt Colecton, a major resource for te study of te life and tmes of an iconic president, proposes t catalog and digitze 2,200 fagile politcal cartons, which were entrely undiscoverable and inaccessible t researchers.

THE WORLD Cataloging New Receipts t te Rubén Blades Archives Loeb Music Library proposes t process matrial received fom Latn jazz superstar Rubén Blades, such as personal papers, recordings, intrviews and ﬁlms fom his musical, actng, and politcal careers, and add tem t te ﬁnding aid. His music is infsed wit his commitment t social justce and civil rights, invitng te study of te relatonship of music t te wider world.

Digitzaton of Ukrainian Politcal Ephemera (1991–2014) Tis is a unique colecton of matrials spanning te period of tme fom Ukraine’s first post-Soviet presidental electon in 1991 untl te most recent presidental and parliamentary electons in 2014. Enhanced cataloging and digitzaton facilitats access t tis important resource for scholars in te fields of politcal science, social studies, and histry. Making te Slavic postr colecton accessible via digitzaton Trough digitzaton combined wit additonal cataloging, te Slavic division proposes t creat access t te virtualy hidden Widener library colecton of around 800 Slavic postrs in subjects ranging fom politcs t sports and cultural events of te 20t and 21st century. Unknown Treasures: Cataloging te Andover-Harvard Rare Book Backlog Te project greatly improves access t an important colecton of rare books, mostly printd before 1700, including 300 printd before 1600. It provides researchers a more predictable search experience, and reducing problems relatd t tanscripton. Cataloging Two Centuries of Topographic Maps in te Harvard Map Colecton Tere are more tan 2500 of uncataloged sets of matrial, containing on average about 90 maps each, ranging tmporaly fom 1805 t te present and spanning al regions of te world. Tis project proposes t make tese resources more discoverable and dramatcaly enhance te visibilit of tese hidden colectons. Art of te Maya and Aztc People: Digitzing Tozzer Library’s Mesoamerican Codice Tozzer Library proposes t digitze its colecton of rare Mesoamerican codices and codex facsimiles t creat improved opportunites for access and discovery. It includes 21 vibrant Maya, Aztc, and Mixtc codex facsimiles along wit two original codices datng fom just aftr te Spanish conquest of Mexico. Analyze, Digitze, Make Accessible Trials Tree and Seven of te Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Trough high-resoluton digital reproductons and flexible intr-linking between document images, descriptve document metadata and accompanying tial tanscripts, a statgy was developed for preserving te colecton’s 650,000 document pages as wel as giving open digital access t a colecton unrivaled in its scope and richness anywhere in te world. Discovering te Anarchist Princess: Leters t Zoia Sergeevna Obolenskaia and Her Descendants Te Davis Centr Colecton at te Fung Library proposes t process and make fly available a family archive of leters centred on Princess Zoia Sergeevna Obolenskaia, known for a ninetent-century scandal in Russian high societ, and whose biography has been proposed as te basis for Tolsty’s creaton of his fictonal heroine Anna Karenina.

ART & VISUAL MATERIALS Opening Visual Catalogs of Japanese Early Modern Art and Design Harvard-Yenching Library holds a fair number of Japanese visual catalog books mostly produced in te 19t century in color wood block prints. Te library proposes t digitze a group of tese visualy signiﬁcant books, magazines, and hand drawings in 51 ttles in 88 volumes, and make tem publicly accessible. Re-Verb: Creatng A Finding Aid for te Packard Colecton of Early Recorded Sound Tis project seeks t creat a ﬁnding aid and digitze a select number of tese unique and at-risk recordings t ensure survival and fture access t tis matrial tat would be an invaluable resource t scholars of 20t century poety, phono-txtual scholars, and scholars of matrial culture and early recorded sound. A Wayback Machine t Popular Culture: Making Our Sheet Music Available for Research Houghtn has a large backlog of sheet music tat colectvely provides a priceless mirror of popular culture. Tis project proposes t identf al known sheet music in te Harvard Library and analyze te best ways t make tis matrial accessible t te widest range of consttuents.

Photograph collections reveal unprecedented images of women’s liberation movement

The Women’s liberation movement of late 1960s through 1980s was one of the most transformative times in U.S. history. Through nearly 6,000 photographic images, these collections provide a glimpse at this time of history, documenting the changing role of women in civic life, urban living, economic conditions and social causes.

The collections comprise photographs taken by Bettye Lane, an American photojournalist, and Freda Leinwand, an American photographer, who documented human rights, women's equality, and environmental issues and campaigns since the 1960s, mostly in New York, where both of them lived. The collections include visual records of Second Wave feminist organizations that assumed a crucial role at the time and documented the women’s movement.

The collections cover topics such as the Women's Strike, held on August 26, 1970, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of women's suffrage in the United States, Gay Rights, and Political Activism and the Peace Movement.

“The collections I’ve stumbled into at the Schlesinger are the archives historians dream about. Artists, intellectuals, activists, poets and teachers. Papers, T-shirts, political buttons. The hitch isn’t getting into those collections … it’s getting out.”, noted Jill Lepore, David Woods Kemper ’41 Professor of American History at Harvard University.

Schlesinger Library began collecting Lane and Leinwand’s photographs in 1979, and their families donated the bulk of their collections, upon the death of the photographers. They lived in the same building and they both died in 2012, only a couple of months apart. Along with the visual material, the donors supplied descriptive metadata that provides a deeper understanding of the images.

In 2014, the library began the cataloguing and digitization of these unique collections, which are now available through Harvard Library’s discovery systems at LINK VIA and http://catchingthewave.library.harvard.edu/.

A unique collection of recordings and moving images revives Greek Karaghiozis shadow theatrical tradition

Puppets, recordings, films, still images, and printed materials relating to the Greek Karaghiozis shadow theater, a form of traditional shadow theatre that articulated the worldview of the lower social strata, comprise the Whitman/Rinvolucri Collection that has been recently digitized and made available to the world to keep this Greek art alive.

The Greek Karaghiozis shadow theater tradition became the most theatrical tradition in Greece from 1890 until the late 1960s and early 1970s. The fascinating story behind the collection is the narrative of its making: the bulk of the performances were recorded in the midst of a dictatorship in Greece, and it coincided with the landing of the first manned mission on the Moon, capturing all kinds of theories, including that the landing on the Moon was shot in a studio.

“It is very revealing for the study of Modern Greece, because the content of the tapes captures an aspect of Modern Greek identity, before the advent of television, which was introduced to the Greek audiences in 1969, and prior to all the societal changes, which shaped the Greece of today,” noted Anna Stavrakopoulou, Associate Professor in Theater Studies and Erasmus Coordinator School of Drama, at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.

Due to their fragile state and changes in audio visual technology, these materials have not been available for auditioning or viewing for many years, but now eighty-five tape reels of the audio recordings and 8 reels of films collected between 1962 and 1971 were digitized, and will be made available through the website of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature http://chs.harvard.edu/mpc.

Discovering how science and art gave birth to the popular Glass Flowers at Harvard

The Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants, one of Harvard's most famous treasures, comprises over 4,000 models representing more than 780 plant species. The models were made by Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolf in Dresden, Germany from 1887-1936. Since then, this unique collection has enchanted visitors, inspired artists and intrigued the international community of scholars.

The Harvard Library has recently digitized images and correspondence that document the work of the Blaschkas, now available at http://huh.harvard.edu/glass-flowers and http://hmnh.harvard.edu/glass-flowers. Harvard professor and botanist George Lincoln Goodale commissioned the Blaschkas to create the precious models for teaching and learning. “Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka hold a special place in the fields of art and science. Their letters and notes at Harvard are important to researchers from around the world including artists, botanists, zoologists and historians of science — practitioners in all of these fields have consulted these materials and access will encourage further scholarly work. Our museum educators in the Harvard Museum of Natural History have become better interpreters because they can easily turn to original materials. Truly this is no longer a hidden collection,” noted Donald H. Pfister, Asa Gray Professor of Systematic Botany at Harvard University. Making these documents available allows researchers to have a look at the evolution of Blaschkas’ work on the Glass Flowers and gain an insight into the relationships developed between the Blaschkas and Harvard Faculty during the process, and with the Ware family, who, enchanted by the glass models, funded the entire enterprise. In the letters, it is also revealed details about the connections established with local botanists during the process.

Discovering a unique collection of Industrial Film, the Youngest of the Arts

Baker Library holds a collection of approximately 1,500 industrial films, which offer unique insight into industrial relations in the 20th century. Dating from the 1920s to the 1960s, sponsored films provide a richer understanding of the development of the film industry and the role that Harvard University played in the process.

HBS produced 350 of the films for use in HBS classrooms and other management schools around the country. The industrial film collection, and the related archival records, document the fascinating collaboration that occurred between the Department of Fine Arts, the Fogg Art Museum and HBS in developing a film archive. Moreover, it tells part of the story of the case method evolution, pioneered by HBS faculty and one of the highlights of the HBS experience.

The film collection, a genre of 20th-century films produced by businesses, is an intersection between business, art, and technology. The films, and the history of this collection, will be of value to scholars from a broad range of disciplines, including film studies, business history, sociology, industrial management, cultural and social history and the history of science and technology. It provides a glimpse into specific manufacturing processes such as a knitting mill operation, and women in business education.

Until now, this material was both intellectually and physically inaccessible. By enhancing the collection description, rehousing all the film, and reformatting the most at-risk film, now researchers can easily discover the collection. Please, contact Baker Library Special Collections to learn more about it.

Did you know that the Harvard Library collects much more than books?

Learn about the Japanese early modern art and design

Discover Harvard Library’s Hidden Collections Come and meet library staﬀ who curated these projects, see some of the actual objects and ask all the questions you want about them.

Lamont Library, Forum Room, Harvard University - October 11th from 10 am to 12 pm (Light refreshments) Web Archiving Environmental Scan

Harvard Library Report January 2016

Prepared by Gail Truman MEETING OF THE HARVARD LIBRARY VISITING COMMITTEE MARCH 21–22, 2017

LINK To view the Web Archiving Environmental Scan report, please visit the link below: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25658314 Email Archiving Stewardship Tools Workshop

Harvard Library Report July 2016

Prepared by Chuck Patch MEETING OF THE HARVARD LIBRARY VISITING COMMITTEE MARCH 21–22, 2017

LINK To view the Email Archiving Stewardship Tools Workshop report, please visit the link below: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:28682573

Email Archiving Systems Interoperability

Harvard Library Report July 2016

Prepared by Joel Simpson MEETING OF THE HARVARD LIBRARY VISITING COMMITTEE MARCH 21–22, 2017

LINK To view the Email Archiving Systems Interoperability report, please visit the link below: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:28682572

click above HLSC KNAFEL CENTER, RADCLIFFE INSTITUTE APRIL 2, 2015 // 2:30–4:00PM the WrittenConsuming Word digital platforms. methods for “consuming” books madepossible by market for reading materials to thedistant reading formats andinterpretations, from theconsumer Consumption accommodates awidevariety of reﬂect onreading viatheperspective of consumption. Darnton, Roger Chartier, and Andrew Stauer—to leading voices from theﬁeld—Professors Robert Strategic Conversation brings together three concerning thehistory of books andreading. This expanding thenature andscope of scholarly inquiry approach andinteract with thewritten word, thus Digital technologies have changed theway we the generosity of The Bradley M. and Terrie F. Bloom Family Fund. age. Harvard Library Strategic Conversations are fundedthrough general andtheHarvard Library inparticular intheemerging digital Faculty Advisory Council withissues thatare facing libraries in in theLibrary community. Itaimsto engage theLibrary Board and entrepreneurship andcollaboration amongsta , faculty andothers strategic direction of theLibrary andfoster a culture of innovation, Harvard Library Strategic Conversations are designed to inform the Scholarship Online University of Virginia andDirector of Nineteenth-Century ANDREW STAUFFER, Associate Professor of English atthe of Pennsylvania Annenberg Visiting Professor ofattheUniversity History ROGER CHARTIER, Professeur intheCollège deFrance and and University Librarian ROBERT DARNTON , CarlH. Pforzheimer University Professor with image: moa butayban Making, Saving, Using Audiovisual Collections in the Digital Age

TUE., NOV. 3, 2015 // 9:30–11:30 AM AUSTIN HALL 101, HARVARD LAW SCHOOL

What are the ways cultural heritage institutions are using and preserving audiovisual materials for a new generation of students and researchers? Join us as our panel discusses current practices in pedagogy and research at Harvard using audiovisual materials and brings perspectives from the Indiana University campus-wide Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, moderated by the head of New York University’s Media Preservation program.

Refreshments are at 9:30; the program begins at 10:00.

moderator HOWARD BESSER, Moving Image Archiving and Preservation Program, New York University panelists

SILVIA BENEDITO, Harvard Graduate School of Design Strategic Conversations at Harvard Library MICHAEL CASEY, Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative, are funded through the generosity of The Indiana University Bradley M. and Terrie F. Bloom Family Fund. NADJA WALLASZKOVITS, Phonogrammarchiv, Austrian Academy of Sciences

Bring your voice to the conversation about the future of libraries. THURSDAY, JUNE 9 LAHEY ROOM, COUNTWAY LIBRARY HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL, 10 SHATTUCK ST, BOSTON

Kathryn Hammond Baker Memorial 1:00–2:00 PM Please join fellow friends and colleagues as we remember Kathryn.

Improving Support for Researchers: How Data Reuse Can Inform Data Curation 2:30–4:00 PM Free, open access to research data holds great promise. By sharing data, researchers are expected to accelerate research discoveries, enable reproducibility, and contribute to interdisciplinary studies that address critical social and environmental issues. However, achieving free, open access to research data does not necessarily equate to fast, easy, flexible data reuse. In this talk, Ixchel Faniel from OCLC will discuss data reuse practices within academic communities as a means to inform data curation. Knowledge of data reuse and curation processes can shape the activities and services of researchers, librarians, and other information professionals in order to enhance data reuse and accelerate research discoveries. speaker

IXCHEL FANIEL, research scientist, OCLC Strategic Conversations at Harvard Library are funded through the generosity of The Bradley M. and Terrie F. Bloom Family Fund. Refreshments will be served between 2:00 and 2:30 pm. The M2 shuttle provides direct transport between Harvard Square and the Medical School campus.

Bring your voice to the conversation about the future of libraries. library.harvard.edu/hlsc !1 Art of Teaching for Librarians July 11-29, 2016, Gutman Library 305 Seminar Leaders: Deborah Garson: [email protected] Kris Markman: [email protected] Maura Ferrarini: [email protected]

Class Page: https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/11540

Overview in-class and online discussions, and in their small groups. Please adhere to the due dates This intensive, three-week seminar is and times for all assignments as noted on the designed to help participants broaden their class Canvas site. knowledge and skills in research, teaching, and learning. Learning Objectives The seminar will provide a basic foundation 1. Identify learning theories and in theories of learning and principles of frameworks. instructional design, including: developing 2. Apply at least one learning theory to learning objectives and outcomes; audience library instructional scenarios. analysis; learning assessments; and 3. Develop learning objectives for library instructional strategies and activities. instructional scenarios. 4. Develop a toolkit of strategies for Participants will ﬁnish the program with a audience analysis for library deeper understanding of these principles and instructional scenarios. a practice-based framework for approaching 5. Distinguish between learning and the diverse range of teaching scenarios that satisfaction assessments. occur in the 21st century academic library. 6. Distinguish between summative and Expectations and Format formative assessments. 7. Describe appropriate learning All participants are expected to arrive at each assessments for library instructional face-to-face class session fully prepared and scenarios. ready to participate. All sessions will start on 8. Describe appropriate instructional time and lunch will be provided. This will be strategies and activities to use for an interactive seminar, and participants will diﬀerent library instructional scenarios. be expected to engage fully with the readings, !2

Assignments Teaching Presentation

Each participant will prepare a five-minute excerpt of an instructional scenario to be presented twice during the seminar. The first presentation will take place on the first class meeting on July 12. All participants will receive feedback and have an opportunity to revise their excerpts for the second round of presentations on July 28. The goal of this assignment is to give participants the opportunity to learn more about effective teaching strategies, reflect on their own teaching style/ philosophy, and put innovative techniques into practice. Along with the in-class presentation, participants will be asked to turn in a short written assignment that explains the background and context for the presentation. Detailed instructions for the presentation and the written portion are available on the class Canvas site.

Pod Discussions and Posts

Each participant has been assigned to a “pod,” a group of three participants who will work together to promote deeper conversation and development of the topics presented in the class session. Each pod will be required to meet outside of regular class time for 1 hour each week. Each pod will be given a different scenario and prompt each week and will be asked to build off of the work from the pod(s) who have worked on the scenario previously. The prompts include specific questions we would like to be addressed during your out-of-class conversation. Each pod will be responsible for writing up a response and posting to the Canvas site by the specified dates and times. Detailed instructions for the pod assignments will be available on the class Canvas site.

Readings and Reflections

In addition to the two major assignments, there are assigned readings for each week during the seminar. Participants are also asked to post two individual reflections to the Canvas Discussion board: one before the seminar begins and one at the end of the seminar. We will also be conducting short formative assessments after each class session, and we will send you a final end- of-seminar evaluation survey. All of the assigned readings are linked to on the Canvas page for each week. Instructions for the reflections are also available on Canvas.

SAVE THE DATE! January 12th, 2016 2 - 4:30 pm Lamont B-30

“Teaching is an arts practice. It’s about connoisseurship and judgment and intuition. We all remember the great teachers in our lives. The ones who kind of woke us up and that we’re still thinking about because they said something to us or they gave us an angle on something that we’ve never forgotten.” Robinson

The art of teaching for librarians: Transformative learning

Share and expand your competencies, skills, knowledge and wisdom. Work with HL colleagues to explore and gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be learner--centered instructor.

This 2.5 hour practice-based workshop will include an introduction to: • pedagogical theories and methods • audience analysis (including findings from our studies of Harvard students’ research practices!) • learning outcomes & assessment

As a community of practice we will engage with discussion and activities to direct, assess, and meaningfully reflect on the wide range of instructional activities we undertake as Harvard librarians.

This workshop is a foundational learning session for a summer 2016 program initiative at HL for research, teaching and learning librarians. It is open to anyone in the Harvard Library community. SAVE THE DATES!

J-Term Art of Teaching practice-based workshops Sponsored by the Research, Teaching & Learning Standing Committee

Fundamentals of Learning & Instructional Design Tuesday January 10 2 - 4:30pm Andover-Harvard Theological Library Technical Instruction room This is an introductory level workshop covering: ‣ Pedagogical theories and methods ‣ Audience analysis (including ﬁndings from our studies of Harvard students’ research practices!) ‣ Learning outcomes & assessment

RSVP: slotted.co/ﬂid2017

Teaching with Technology Tuesday January 17 2 - 4:30pm Gutman Library Launchpad (305) This is an intermediate level workshop. Familiarity with the content from the Fundamentals workshop will be assumed. This workshop will cover: ‣ Why, when, and how to use technology in library instruction ‣ Creating effective visual aids ‣ Technology tips and tricks

RSVP: slotted.co/teachtech2017

Active Learning for Library Instruction Tuesday January 24 2 - 4:30pm Lamont Library B30 Familiarity with the content from the Fundamentals workshop will be assumed. This workshop will cover: ‣ Thinking creatively about library instruction ‣ Why active learning ‣ Techniques to actively engage audiences

RSVP: slotted.co/activelib2017

Questions? email Kris Markman [email protected] or Deb Garson [email protected] CITATION TOOLS ?

COMPARISON TOOLS CLASS (A BRIEF OVERVIEW) February 7, 11:00 AM – 12:30 PM

ENDNOTE BASICS February 14, 11:00 AM – 12:30 PM

REFWORKS BASICS February 15, 2:00 – 3:30 PM

ZOTERO BASICS February 21, 1:00 – 2:30 PM

ALL CLASSES WILL TAKE PLACE IN LAMONT B30

Mendeley and Zotero are two popular (and free!) citation management tools. They make doing research and writing papers easier by organizing your PDFs, saving your references, and automatically creating bibliographies. Join us for a workshop in order to find out how you could save yourself time and effort on your next paper or project!

July 1, 2014: 3-4 PM; Lamont Library, B-30 July 2, 2014: 4-5 PM; Lamont Library, B-30

Making Your Research Easier!