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PDF Download（PDF Format, 1.66Mbyte） GLOBAL INNOVATION REPORT Continually Evolving “World Factory” Manufacturing Power Strategy on Show in “Made in China 2025” Lai Ning Strategic Planning & Management Offi ce, Shanghai Branch, Hitachi (China) Research & Development Corporation (Copyright: Visual China Group) Industrie 4.0 and the Industrial Internet being led Introduction by Europe and America. Amid these developments and in response Industrial competition in the world is currently to a historic opportunity for next-generation entering a critical phase. The even closer fusion industrial innovations in Chinese manufacturing, of next-generation information technology and from 2013 the Chinese government embarked manufacturing is driving highly infl uential indus- on “Manufacturing Power Strategy Research” trial innovations and shaping a steady stream of aimed at bringing about a shift in manufacturing new production practices, industry structures, away from mass production toward higher lev- business models, and economic growth sec- els of quality and effi ciency, publishing its Made tors. Along with all this, attention is also being in China 2025 strategic plan in May 2015. This drawn to the new technological innovations of article presents an overview of that plan. 34. Figure 1 | Comparison of Value Added by Manufacturing in Major Countries Trillion USD 3.5 China 3 USA Japan 2.5 Germany 2 South Korea 1.5 India 1 France UK 0.5 Brazil 0 (Year) 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Prepared based on World Bank “Manufacturing, value added” data. The 2014 and 2015 fi gures for China were collated by the author based on data published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Figure 2 | Overall Index of Manufacturing in Major Nations from 1946 to 2012 (Points) 180 USA 160 Japan 140 Germany 120 China 100 UK 80 France India 60 South Korea 40 Brazil 20 0 (Year) 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 The overall index was calculated based on the index criteria devised for the manufacturing assessment system of the “Manufacturing Power Strategy Research” working group of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (a primary index made up of four criteria and a secondary index made up of 18 criteria). cannot yet be described as a “manufacturing Transformation of Chinese power,” falling signifi cantly behind developed Manufacturing nations in terms of factors such as indigenous innovation, resource use effi ciency, industrial The sustained growth of Chinese manufactur- structure, level of information technology (IT), ing since the economic reforms of 1980 have quality, and productivity. Therefore, it is under led to the formation of distinctive industrial pressure to transform its production practices. structures in a variety of sectors and signifi cant Chinese manufacturing is also facing chal- progress toward industrialization and modern- lenges on two fronts, with developing nations ization. According to data from the World Bank, catching up while developed nations are re-indus- value added by Chinese manufacturing reached trializing and adopting advanced manufacturing $US2.62 trillion in 2012 after several decades practices. In response to this situation, China’s of rapid growth, overtaking the USA to become State Council and Ministry of Industry and the world’s largest manufacturer (see Figure 1). Information Technology engaged the Chinese However, while China has become a major man- Academy of Engineering to embark on a major ufacturing nation through volume expansion, it inquiry entitled “Manufacturing Power Strategy Hitachi Review Vol. 67, No. 2 172–173 35. GLOBAL INNOVATION REPORT Figure 3 | Three-step Strategy of Made in China 2025 2014 with 20 government agencies, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry 3 Step 2049 of Finance, and Chinese Academy of Engineering, Join the top class of to formulate a long-term strategic plan for devel- manufacturing powers 2 through innovation leadership oping the manufacturing industry that was for- Step 2035 Become a mid-ranked manufacturing power by mally published by the State Council as “Made achieving industrialization 1 in China 2025” on May 19, 2015. Step 2025 Based on the current progress of China, Made Join the ranks of manufacturing powers by reducing disparities and key breakthroughs in China 2025 seeks to achieve its strategic tar- get of becoming a manufacturing power in three 2015 Have the world’s largest manufacturing industry and become a major world manufacturing nation steps (see Figure 3). Step 1 is to join the ranks of manufacturing powers by 2025, and step 2 is to become a mid-ranked manufacturing power by Prepared by author based on material regarding Made in China 2025 pub- lished on May 19, 2015 on the web site of China’s Ministry of Industry and 2035. Step 3 is to join the group of leading manu- Information Technology facturing powers by 2049, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Research” in January 2013. This involved a study To achieve this strategic objective, Made in into the role and strategic vision of Chinese China 2025 enumerates nine major strategic manufacturing conducted over two years by 150 targets, listed in Figure 4, together with fi ve experts, engineers, and researchers. The study major projects and 10 key sectors. It also notes established its own set of indices for assessing that, of the nine major strategic targets, the sec- the world’s major manufacturing nations. Based ond target of integrating information technology on these, the overall index of manufacturing in and industry plays a central role, and that smart major nations as of 2012 placed the USA in manufacturing will be central to putting the plan fi rst place (160 points), followed by Japan (120 into action. The 10 key sectors are split into four points), and then Germany (115 points), with groups, namely new information technology China in fourth place (80 points) (see Figure 2). (one sector), high-end equipment (seven sec- As the industrialization of China is still in tors), new materials (one sector), and biological progress, this industrialization is taking place medicine and medical devices (one sector), with simultaneously with the adoption of IT. This is the high-end equipment sector considered to a signifi cant difference from the path followed be crucial to the national economy and defense. by the advanced industrialized nations (USA, To ensure consistent coordination of work Japan, and Germany) where the adoption of IT on becoming a manufacturing power, the State came after industrialization. Compared to those Council established a supervisory group for this advanced industrialized nations, China is still in purpose in June 2015. The group took up overall the middle and late period of industrialization, management of all aspects of work on becom- with the expectation that this process will be ing a manufacturing power, with State Council completed by around 2025 to 2030. supervisors serving as representatives, and the group membership being drawn from 23 depart- Overview of the Made in China 2025 ments or committees that report directly to the Strategy State Council. The supervisory group is admin- istered from within the Ministry of Industry Based on the results of the Manufacturing Power and Information Technology, which is respon- Strategy Research project, the Chinese Ministry of sible for its day-to-day activities. The National Industry and Information Technology worked from Manufacturing Strategy Advisory Committee 36. Figure 4 | Made in China 2025 Strategic Targets and Priority Projects Nine major strategic targets Five major projects 1 Improving manufacturing innovation 1 Manufacturing innovation center project 2 Integrating information technology and industry (smart manufacturing) 2 Smart manufacturing project 3 Strengthening the industrial base 3 Project to build a more solid foundation for industrial development 4 Enforcing green manufacturing 4 Green manufacturing project 5 Promoting breakthroughs in 10 key sectors 5 High-end equipment innovation project 6 Strengthening Chinese quality and brand building 10 key sectors 7 Advancing restructuring of the manufacturing sector 1 8 Promoting service-oriented manufacturing and manufacturing-related New information technology service industries 2 High-end numerically controlled machine tools and robots 9 Internationalizing manufacturing 3 Aerospace equipment 4 Ocean engineering equipment and high-end vessels 5 High-end rail transportation equipment Strategic support 6 Energy-saving cars and new energy cars 1 Reform of systems and structures 5 Human resource development systems 7 Electrical equipment 2 Fair competitive environment 6 Small and medium-sized enterprises 8 New materials 3 Support for finance 7 Expansion of foreign policy 9 Bio-medicine and high-end medical equipment 4 Support for taxation 8 Implementation framework 10 Farming machines Prepared by author based on material regarding Made in China 2025 published on May 19, 2015 on the web site of China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology was established in August 2015 to serve as a these sub-plans have been formulated, primarily think tank by conducting studies and submitting involving the Chinese Ministry of Industry and opinions and proposals on the outlook for manu- Information Technology. These include imple-
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