Life Interrupted: Personal Diaries from World War I SPONSORED BY

SUPPORTED BY Foreword

State Library of NSW Macquarie Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone (02) 9273 1414 www.sl.nsw.gov.au

Curator: Elise Edmonds Project manager: Amy Simpson Exhibition designer: Elin Thomas Graphic designer: Dominic Hon Editor: Helen Cumming Preservation project leader: Agata Rostek-Robak Photographic work: Digitisation & Imaging Services, State Library of NSW In Life Interrupted, Curator Paper: BJ Ball ecostar silk %100 recycled 130 gsm (text) Life Interrupted: Elise Edmonds reveals the captivating BJ Ball ecostar gloss %100 recycled 300 gsm (cover) personal experiences — often harrowing, This paper is carbon neutral and 100% recycled from post COMMEMORATING WWI Personal Diaries consumer waste. 1914 – 1918 sometimes wry — of the servicemen and Print run: 7000 from World War I women, stretcher-bearers, POWs, in their P&D 4153-7/2014 own words. As the First World War drew to its end, the A century after the start of the war, ISBN 0 7313 7220 4 then Public Library of NSW began collecting we look back on that global conflict which © State Library of New South Wales, July 2014 the personal accounts of those who enlisted so profoundly affected and shaped Australia — farmers, doctors, nurses, journalists and and its people. The diaries are at the heart The State Library of New South Wales is a statutory authority of, artists — to document the war as they had and principally funded by, the NSW State Government. of our contribution to that recollection. experienced it. The majority have been completely This extraordinary collection – including digitised, transcribed and are available on some 1100 volumes of diaries written by our newly launched World War I website around 550 servicemen and women — is . supported by newspapers, photographs, The Library’s program is about sharing artworks, maps and ephemera. The our stories, your stories, war stories with Library’s collection is one of the richest all Australians on site, on tour and online and, until now, rarely seen records of the over the next four years. This exciting Australian experience of World War I. program would not be possible without the INSIDE COVER: FRONT LINE AT BOIS-GRENIER, generous support provided by our sponsor, APRIL 1916, WH BURRELL PXB 198 News Corp Australia, and through the INSIDE BACK COVER: ‘577’ WRITING HOME, NSW Government funding of our Digital HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL PXA 1861 Excellence Program.

ALEX BYRNE NSW State Librarian & Chief Executive iv v Contents

Foreword v Introduction by Peter Cochrane 1 Life Interrupted 7 The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force in German New Guinea 12 The Sydney and the Emden 16 Leaving Home 20 Egypt 26 Gallipoli 30 Western Front 38 Middle East 44 Prisoners of War 48 In Memory 52 Item List 56

vi vii Introduction

We do not know how many Australian soldiers took a diary to the First World War, nor how many took to diary- keeping once there. Certainly not a majority, for most of the 330,000 soldiers who went abroad preferred to write letters or postcards if they wrote at all. But thousands kept a diary, not of the

‘577’ WRITING HOME, HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL introspective or confessional PXA 1861 kind, but rather a spectator diary, a record of travel and war, of tourism and duty done, something to be sent home, or to carry home; to be read by family and friends or, perhaps, to be consulted later, to confirm a memory or fuel a reminiscence. Australians are privileged to have a that some diaries subsequently offered Others were cloth or leather bound. many were schooled enough to tell their wonderful collection of these diaries at to Ifould were rejected on grounds of being Occasionally the narrative begins in a hefty story. And what a story! The soldier-diarists, the State Library of New South Wales in insubstantial or in some way rewritten gilt-edged volume but inevitably continues and the airmen, sailors and nurses who Sydney. The collecting began before the or overwritten later. Authenticity was in any kind of notebook that comes to hand. kept a diary, knew they had a big story to war ended. As events at Gallipoli seized at a premium. Most diaries were pocket-sized and fit tell. They often used the word ‘adventure’. the nation’s imagination, the Principal By 1919 the collection was already a for purpose. One even gave his diary a title. He called Librarian, William Ifould, was formulating valuable one. By 1921 the total number of The variety of bindings complements the it ‘the great adventure’. But the innocence an acquisition policy in haste. Ifould was war diaries in the Library had reached 247, range of writing styles. Some are terse and or the optimism suggested by this phrase determined to collect first-hand accounts complemented by collections of letters and random: ‘Getting warmer. Glassy sea with was short-lived. The ‘great adventure’ was of battle written by the front-line men. in some cases photo albums as well. Today strong under currents. Dance for nurses and mugged by war and soon enough we see a With the approval of his trustees, he placed the collection stands at around 550 diarists officers. Commenced growing a moustache.’ change – the language becoming darker as advertisements in newspapers around and over 1100 volumes. Some are prolix and strain for literary the romance disintegrates. Australia and in Britain, offering to buy These diaries take many forms. Some effect: ‘The sun as it arose threw a golden For some their cryptic notes were diaries and letters in original form. The were written on odd sheets of paper or glory over the distant horizon and finally probably no more than an aide-memoir. Library’s Letter Books for 1918–22 reveal in memo books or signal message books. appeared in a great white disc in all its For others, the diary was a way to glittering heat.’ Some don’t strain at all and connect with home. They were writing achieve a lyricism that seems effortless. for an imagined audience, for the family A small number of diaries were acquired and friends they had left behind. The from the families of men killed abroad importance of a ‘conversation’ with home but the majority in this collection were can hardly be overstated. Along with letters purchased from men who made it home, and postcards and sometimes photographs, survivors, many of them diarists over two, the diaries were the Facebook of their day — three or four years. Their chronicles bear impressions and experiences for the kitchen the hallmarks of the true diary. They are table or the mantelpiece. not carefully planned, they are raw and Last but not least, these wartime unpolished and rich with the ‘diamonds’ chroniclers wanted a record of duty done. of more or less spontaneous jotting. Their They wrote of hard training and hard times, pre-eminent quality is an unpretentious of battle and death and ruin everywhere. authenticity and immediacy, a realism There are lines, hastily scrawled upon the that is rarely matched by other records of eve of battle, by soldiers who knew this wartime experience. They are intensely ‘in entry might be their last. There are passages the moment’, all the more so in the trenches where men puzzle as to how they could still where death was everywhere. be alive. Why did they write them? Firstly, they These are voices full of life and fun and did so because they could. Australia was an fear, and resolute purpose. They are voices unusually literate society for the time and from the greatest tragedy of the twentieth century, a tragedy that engulfed an age. [AUSTRALIAN TROOPS ON PYRAMID], C. 1915, COLART’S STUDIO, MELBOURNE PXB 481 PETER COCHRANE July 2014

2 3 AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCES AT GALLIPOLI, 1915 PXB 250

4 5 Life interrupted

‘I have shut down my practice and closed my doors’ Charles Rosenthal

The scene opens at the breakfast table BELOW: FREE TOUR TO GREAT BRITAIN at Cutterabah, Kyogle NSW, one morning AND EUROPE Q940.394/9

in late July, where I was but languidly OPPOSITE PAGE: COL-SERGT JACKSON RESISTING A SNAPSHOT interested to hear that another war had HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL PXA 1861 “started in the Balkans. I had never interested myself in international politics & so took another helping of eggs & bacon without a thought to the monstrous possibilities that a war between Austria & Serbia opened up. Maurice Evans

Charles Rosenthal and Maurice Evans Evans was nineteen, 5 feet 10 inches, had enlisted in the first weeks of the war. good teeth and knew how to ride a horse. Architect and soldier Charles Rosenthal Rosenthal had previous military experience, went on to be a Major-General and was given holding the rank of major in the Australian command of the 2nd Division in 1918. By the Field Artillery in 1908. end of the war he would be highly decorated These were the prerequisites for the and respected by his men. Agricultural newly formed Australian Imperial Force student Maurice Evans served with the 1st (AIF): men aged between 18 and 35 years, Light Horse Field Ambulance in Egypt and at least 5 ft 6 ins tall with good teeth and Palestine throughout the entire war. a chest measurement of at least 34 inches. Men who were members of” the military, or had previous military experience, were highly sought after.

7 ABOVE: TWO-PIECE SUITS GIVEN AWAY The AIF was looking for the best, As the war dragged on, recruitment Q940.394/9 ABOVE: A COO-EE FROM AUSTRALIA A FAREWELL CARD BELOW RIGHT: WORLD WAR ONE the healthiest. Many hopeful men worried standards became less strict. Men aged JAMES BRUNTON GIBB REJECTED VOLUNTEERS’ ASSOCIATION about these requirements, concerned between 18 and 45 years and those over MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / OF NEW SOUTH WALES BADGE, C. 1916 BOX 2 / FOLDER 1 R 2055 they might be rejected and miss out on 5 ft 2 ins were accepted. Concern over LEFT: YOU’LL DO KANGAROO the adventure. Archie Barwick was only dental health lapsed. Jack Hutton had PXA 623/2 5 ft 4 ins. Somehow, he got through and been a jockey, riding horses at Randwick. turned somersaults of joy when he received At 5 ft 2 ins, he passed his medical his letter of acceptance: ‘ … we all had our inspection and was accepted into the AIF Khaki & how proud we all were to get it … ’ in October 1915. By April 1917, when enlistment numbers were declining, men were being accepted who were 5 ft. Some men were never accepted and wore badges that identified themselves as rejected volunteers to avoid community shaming or suspicion of being a ‘shirker’.

8 9 The government printed full-colour, mass-produced FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: IT’S OUR FLAG / FIGHT FOR IT, recruitment posters with powerful messages to men and WORK FOR IT, C. 1914, GUY LIPSCOMBE women at home in Australia. Displayed at train stations, PX*D 160 VOL. 2 recruitment offices and in shop windows, they transmitted HEADQUARTERS STATE RECRUITING CAMPAIGN [CHALLIS HOUSE, SYDNEY], patriotic messages, encouraging bravery, sacrifice and 1916 PXE 705 / 5 mateship. While it is hard to determine how effective these REST AT BONDI: 16-MILE ROUTE MARCH posters were in recruiting additional men for the AIF, they SOUTH HEAD, 1914, HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL do tell us the message that government was communicating PXA 1861

to its citizens on the home front: that all able-bodied men OPPOSITE PAGE: COME ON BOYS, were needed to fight for the British Empire. FOLLOW THE FLAG, C. 1916, JAMES NORTHFIELD Those who successfully passed the medical exam were © JAMES NORTHFIELD HERITAGE ART TRUST marched off to training camps. Here they began their PX*D 160 VOL 2 military careers, learning how to march, fire a rifle and use a bayonet. They made friends and had their photographs taken wearing their uniform. Ellis Silas, an artist from Perth, entered Blackboy Camp in Western Australia but doubted he could go through with killing a man. He didn’t like his rough comrades and kept going AWOL in the evenings, sneaking back to his studio to finish his artwork.

10 11 The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force in German New Guinea GERMAN NEW GUINEA NEU-MECKLENBURG MANUS

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO

Rabaul Eitape Toma DUTCH Angoram EAST INDIES Herbertshöhe KAISER WILHELMSLAND Alexishafen BOUGAINVILLE Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen (Madang) NEUPOMMERN

PAPUA Morobe

SOLOMON ISLANDS Port Moresby

Darwin

0 500 1000 Kilometres With recruitment and training The first casualties of war began to N AUSTRALIA be counted. A young Sydney doctor, 0 500 Miles underway at home, Australian Brian Pockley, was mortally wounded after forces sailed to New Guinea assisting an injured crew member. His last with instructions to capture letter, written the night before he was killed, or destroy radio stations was optimistic. He explained he was to be a member of the landing party to capture the and to seize the German- German wireless stations and that he didn’t held territory. Naval troops think there would be any opposition to the landed and after several Australian landing, writing ‘personally I think it will be a very pleasant little picnic’. brief skirmishes, Rabaul was Pockley’s hasty actions, taken in the occupied on 12 September middle of a confrontation with enemy 1914. The German troops, ensured that he would be one of the administration in first Australian war casualties whose name would be linked with bravery and sacrifice. New Guinea surrendered Pockley had assisted a wounded sailor and on 17 September 1914. gave his Red Cross identification to the man to ensure he could return safely back to the ship. Wearing no medical identification, Pockley was shot as he tried to advance. OPPOSITE PAGE: HMAS AUSTRALIA CREW Seriously wounded, he was taken back to the WAITING DEPARTURE OF THE SYDNEY DESTROYER FOR A NIGHT RAID ON Berrima but died soon afterwards. RABAUL, C. 1914–1915, COLART’S STUDIO, MELBOURNE PXD 481/ 164163

12 13 It was an act of heroic self-sacrifice, even though it was contrary to all regulations. You should indeed be proud of him ... He died like an officer “ and a gallant gentleman.

Major FA Maguire wrote to Pockley’s We are face to face this aft with a terrible father about his son’s death: tragedy – the loss of AE1 & all her crew. It was an act of heroic self-sacrifice, even What happened we don’t know. The though it was contrary to all regulations. submarines were to patrol turn & turn You should indeed be proud of him … He died about & at 7 am yesterday morning AE1 like an officer and a gallant gentleman. went out. Scarlett was forward on the tiny bridge — Besant was aft” — I saw them go Two days after these casualties, the entire out. They patrolled along with the destroyer crew of submarine AE1 vanished. The crew Parramatta. All went as per usual, nothing to — three officers and 32 sailors — were lost be seen, all well. in the Navy’s first major tragedy. It vanished on 14 September 1914 and has never been The destroyer last saw AE1 about 2.30 pm located. Dr Hamilton-Kenny, a surgeon on in St George channel. Both were returning. board the Upolu, wrote to his wife about the The destroyer went to HerbertshÖhe & tragic disappearance. naturally concluded AE1 came up harbour to us. She was due about 7 pm. We had dinner & told the stewards to keep things hot for them. About 8 pm inquiries began to be made & Stoker was sent for to the flag ship. A wireless went out to the Parramatta & she told all she knew. Anxiety deepened …

BRIAN COLDEN ANTILL POCKLEY, C. 1914 MLMSS 1092 / ITEM 5

14 15 The Sydney and the Emden

HMAS SYDNEY WITH SUBMARINES AE1 The German cruiser Emden AND AE2, CAIRNS, QLD, 14 MAY 1914 AT WORK AND PLAY – 04907

had been shadowing and OPPOSITE PAGE: [PHOTOGRAPHS RELATING TO THE SYDNEY–EMDEN BATTLE destroying Allied shipping OFF COCOS ISLAND], 1914 across the Indian and Pacific PXB 241 oceans. Between August and October 1914 she had captured or sunk 21 ships. This posed a great threat to the first Australian and New Zealand On 9 November a warning from the British troopships sailing in convoy radio station on Cocos (Keeling) Islands was through the Indian Ocean picked up by HMAS Sydney. A German ship on their way to Egypt. had been sighted. By November 1914, nine The Sydney’s chaplain felt the ship increase its speed and, surmising that Allied ships were hunting they would soon be facing their first battle, for the Emden. he prayed with the crew. He remembered afterwards: ‘this historic prayer before Battle was read before the Ship’s company for the first time in Australian Naval history’.

16 17 Dr Leonard Darby was the senior medical Little wrote later about assisting the officer on board HMAS Sydney. He started wounded, many with severe burns and

ABOVE: SYDNEY, EMDEN MEDAL, 1914 preparing his sick bays ready for action. He missing limbs. and his team would spend the next 24 hours [THE DECK] OF THE EMDEN, C. 1914, Two stokers’ bathrooms were improvised as COLART’S STUDIO, MELBOURNE treating Australian and German casualties. PXD 481/167 sick bays and were filled up as well as possible. A team was working in the sick bays. ABOVE RIGHT: FIRST CUTTERS FROM Other adjacent bathrooms were utilised HMAS SYDNEY BOARDING THE EMDEN, Dr Darby had three staff, including one for preliminary attentions to the wounded. C. 1914, COLART’S STUDIO, MELBOURNE PXD 481/ 164164 registered nurse, to assist him. When they Everything was necessarily done at great OPPOSITE PAGE: ACTION BETWEEN required emergency assistance, they had disadvantage and amid intense heat and HMAS SYDNEY AND SMS EMDEN, 9.11.14 … 1928 to train cooks, stewards and other crew unhygienic surroundings. MT3 995.31/1914/1 members including the chaplain, Reverend After the Sydney began to take on board Vivian Little. survivors from the Emden, the German surgeon, Dr Luther, assisted in a number of operations. The Emden was destroyed that same day.

18 19 Leaving Home

PILLOW FIGHT, It was a six-week journey by SPORTS MEETING PORT SYDNEY, LIONEL CHERRY sea from Australia to Egypt WILLIS and after the excitement PXB 248 OPPOSITE PAGE: of enlistment, training and BOARDING FERRY BOATS FORT MACQUARIE farewells some feelings of 18 OCTOBER 1914, HENRY CHARLES boredom were inevitable MARSHALL among the troops. To alleviate PXA 1861 the monotony on the ship, sports carnivals were held, The crossing the Equator ceremony, with boxing matches and ‘Neptune’s journey’, was played out on each games such as pillow fights troopship as it headed north. Passengers were often covered in tar and then dunked and wheelbarrow races. in water. Soldier Archie Barwick described the ceremony on his ship, A19, Afric. Our next bit of excitement was crossing the Line, we had a great big canvas bath fitted, and filled with salt water, and some of the officers were dressed in all sorts of costumes, we had a father Neptune (Capt Swanell) … and then special constables, who had been duly initiated, that is ducked, were told off by Father Neptune and his Court to arrest all & sundry ...

21 ABOVE: PLENTY OF WORK FOR GLASSES HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL PXA 1861 FATHER NEPTUNE’S CEREMONY … when they got them to the tank they shot LEFT: ON BOARD OUR TRANSPORT, 1917 CROSSING THE EQUATOR, PORT SYDNEY LOUREIRO VASCO LIONEL CHERRY WILLIS them in clothes and all on and when you PXE 700 / VOL. 2 PXB 248 came up some of Neptune’s slaves shoved you RIGHT: SOME OF THE ‘BHOYS’ EN ROUTE FOR ‘THE OLD DART’ … DECEMBER 1916 under again with a pole until you were nearly LOUREIRO VASCO PXE 700 / VOL. 2 drowned and when you went to get out, they were there to help you with hands all over grease and tar ...

... once you had been through Neptune’s hands you were free to go and help the others drag them in ... Water & wet towels were the only weapons that were legal and the deck was a mass of flying towels …

One way to pass the time on a troopship was to draw. Here are some of the ‘bhoys’: Yorkey, Balks, Red and Ray. North Coast Eric is stretched out reading as too is Ashfield Dug. Steve is looking for submarines, or is he dreaming about home?

22 23 26 December to call out for their valets and shaving water! Usual routine – meals, drill, etc., how I hate I never heard the end of this incident for signalling! At night I try to read the ship’s some days. signalling with lamps – I feel in despair, The original sketch (below) was made I cannot read six words – wonder if I ever by Captain Brian Gaynor, of the 2nd Field will. Sketching as usual; as I use my pencil Artillery Brigade, who served in Gallipoli whenever I get a chance … and France. His map shows the route taken, One morning, just before Reveille, went to get with daily progress, by the Transport A21 some tea; it was given me in a metal cup which Marere from Sydney through the Indian I cannot drink out of; I said to the cook, Ocean to the Suez Canal and Egypt. “Wait a minute, I`ll get a china cup” – this was The map also has a list of AIF personnel ROUTE TAKEN BY TRANSPORT A21 too much for the lads, who immediately began on board, along with the numbers of horses. MARERE, 1915, BRIAN GAYNOR Z/M2 990/1915/1

LEFT TO RIGHT: Loureiro Vasco — who changed his name Ellis Silas, a fledgling signaller on board RATIONS AT SEA … 1917 LOUREIRO VASCO to the more conventional Louis when he the transport A40 Ceramic and an artist PXE 700 / VOL. 2 enlisted — spent his time on the Suevic before enlistment, filled the time by reading, THE SAPPERS’ BOUDOIR … 1917 sketching and painting. LOUREIRO VASCO drawing his shipmates. A professional PXE 700 / VOL. 2 cartoonist, he had trained at the National 25 December, Christmas Day Gallery of Victoria School and produced All day painting and reading. Fruit is given artwork for postcards in Melbourne, Sydney us as a little extra – I presume no day of any and in the United States. importance could be such unless there were something extra for the inner man.

24 25 Egypt

The Australians headed to camps at Maadi BELOW: PITCHING TENTS IN SIGHT Originally they thought they OF PYRAMIDS, 8 DECEMBER 1914 on the Nile and Mena, which was situated HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL PXA 1861 were heading to Europe, but near the pyramids of Giza. They commenced OPPOSITE PAGE: 1ST BATT. ROUTE the first convoy of Australians military training: marching through sand, MARCHING NEAR PYRAMIDS HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL and New Zealanders arrived digging and attacking trenches for six days a PXA 1861 in Egypt on 3 December 1914. week. They were granted some free time and the men relished it. Egypt was so interesting They were deployed there — a foreign country, foreign people — and to protect British interests unusual food and exotic smells were often in the Middle East which were being threatened by the Turkish Ottoman Empire. The big concern was a possible Turkish takeover of the Suez Canal which continued to be a significant link for British trade and shipping.

27 This place seems to be devoted to everything that is oriental 01 ‘577’ THE TURK’S SHADOW in the way of Alleys full of copper ware, brass-ware, gold and HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL silver, precious and ornamental stones, Turkish slippers etc etc PXA 1861 02 MOONLIGHT AT SPHINX etc. It’s most fascinating. HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL PXA 1861 Then there was the ‘big dust up’, a riot in the Wazzir 03 GEIZAH TRAM STOP (red light) district of Cairo on Good Friday 1915. Too much HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL PXA 1861 alcohol led to violence and bad behaviour. All leave was 04 GROUP, AT TOP OF CHEOPS HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL cancelled after that. Some New Zealand PXA 1861 officers encouraged their men to have 05 NATIVE BARTERING WITH SOLDIER HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL nothing to do with the Australians, PXA 1861 although New Zealand troops had also been involved.

/01 /02

WHAT TO KNOW IN EGYPT: A GUIDE FOR AUSTRALASIAN SOLDIERS, CEW BEAN mentioned in diaries and letters. They were They climbed the pyramids and rode 916.2/3 soldier-tourists: training and marching camels. Many had their own cameras through the Egyptian desert, visiting Cairo, and took photographs of their friends at ‘the city of sin and shame’ as Jack Hutton the top of the Great Pyramid and in front called it. of the Sphinx. They visited mosques, Australian journalist CEW Bean museums and the Cairo zoo and frequented produced a 47-page guide for the troops, European-style cafes. Photographer What to Know in Egypt: A Guide for Henry Marshall enlisted in the 1st Battalion Australasian Soldiers, which covered a range and photographed his journey from the of topics such as the history of Egypt and the military camp at Kensington in Sydney to pyramids, opening times of the museums, Cairo and on to Gallipoli. On one of his days where to eat and what to avoid (avoid off, he and his mates climbed the pyramids fruit, coffee was deemed to be the safest and Henry was there, at the top, to take their drink), some useful phrases and currency photographs. On Christmas Day 1914 he and conversions. Bean also included detailed his friends visited Heliopolis and old Cairo. information about the Islamic religion They saw the sights and bought a fez. and urged religious tolerance of the visitors: Sister Anne Donnell visited Cairo in ‘It is particularly important that we should October 1915 and delighted in everything, not through ignorance or carelessness especially the bazaar quarter which she interfere with their right to serve God in visited with several British nurses. their own way’. It provided excellent shopping:

/03 /04 /05

28 29 Gallipoli

This is where ‘things got lively’. A signaller, who in his previous life was an artist, stayed awake for four days, running Corporal Crooks observed between outposts and headquarters early on that there were ‘plenty with messages. In the midst of dodging of stray bullets flying around, screaming shrapnel he listened to early a bloke wants to keep his nut morning birdsong. Ellis Silas, who doubted his courage prior to landing at Gallipoli, did down or he will quick get it a lot of running with messages, serving with smacked’. distinction at Pope’s Hill, Quinn’s Post and Bloody Angle. I have been running despatches all night and in between endeavouring to make a dug- out – I couldn’t lift the pick so had to use my trenching tool. Wonder what I am going to do ABOVE: ELLIS SILAS DIARY, 1914–1916 for rations – I had to throw mine out, it was MLMSS 1840

too heavy for me to carry. Feeling very weak OPPOSITE PAGE: [GALLIPOLI], 1915 HENRY CHARLES MARSHALL and tired. PXA 1861

He lasted a month on Gallipoli and FINIS, 20 DECEMBER 1915 LESLIE FRASER STANDISH HORE was evacuated out on 28 May suffering PXE 703 from nervous exhaustion. He had been found unconscious and delirious and later developed enteric fever (typhoid).

30 31 ABOVE: … FROM 1/2 WAY UP Poor ‘young Duke’ from Wagga was shot A lawyer from Hobart, Leslie Hore WALKER’S RIDGE, 1915 and killed instantly while his mate Archie arrived at Gallipoli in May with the LESLIE FRASER STANDISH HORE PXE 702/5 Barwick was eating breakfast. His body 8th Australian Light Horse Regiment. LEFT: BATHING PARTY, GALLIPOLI, was buried somewhere in Shrapnel Gully. His watercolour views of the Gallipoli OCTOBER 1915, LESLIE FRASER STANDISH HORE Barwick and Reg Duke had enlisted at the Peninsula depict the harsh, steep terrain PXE 702 same time, in August 1914, and had become and the trench systems. His works also good friends. Archie described him as capture some of the natural beauty of the ‘a right good mate’ and said they had peninsula. The sunsets were beautiful and some good times together: much remarked upon by diarists. Hore’s I was a good bit downhearted for some time watercolour, Bathing Party, Gallipoli, is a after this I know. I got what things I could particularly dramatic scene with a deep of his & sent them home to his people, blue sky, a full moon, steep cliffs, the small as he asked me to do if ever he got knocked figures of men at the edge of the water and & Len went round to the orderly room & got some mules looking on. his revolver which he promised him if ever he got knocked.

Poor Wagga was buried down by the beach & this much I know, that a clergyman read the burial service over him but try as I would I could never find his grave. He was as game a lad as ever looked through the sights of a rifle, & I shall never forget him.

32 33 [AT GALLIPOLI], 1915, HENRY CHARLES PATIENTS AND INTERIOR MARSHALL British journalist Ellis Ashmead- The army is in fact in a deplorable condition. Murdoch continued on to London and OF WARD DURING EARLY DAYS PXA 1861 Bartlett telegraphed the news of Its morale as a fighting force has suffered delivered his own letter to the Australian ALBERT WILLIAM SAVAGE PXE 698/19 RIGHT: ELLIS ASHMEAD-BARTLETT Australian troops proving themselves greatly and the officers and men are Prime Minister, Andrew Fisher, reiterating TELEGRAMS, 1915 A1585 in battle for the first time. His reports thoroughly dispirited. The muddles and many of the main points from Ashmead- were the first to be published in mismanagement beat anything that has ever Bartlett’s original letter. The resulting Australian newspapers. Within five occurred in our Military History. political furore may have assisted in months, his support for the Gallipoli Hamilton’s recall as Commander-in-Chief The fundamental evil at the present moment campaign was gone and he wrote and to the eventual evacuation of the is the absolute lack of confidence in all ranks a scathing letter to British Prime Gallipoli Peninsula. in the Headquarters staff. Minister Asquith describing it as a ghastly and costly fiasco. Visiting Australian journalist Keith Murdoch was to carry the letter back to London. However, someone had tipped off the military authorities and the letter was confiscated by the French police at Marseilles.

34 35 THE STAFF 3RD AGH PHOTOGRAPHED ON CHRISTMAS DAY 1915, LEMNOS ISLAND Ashmead-Bartlett was ordered to ALBERT WILLIAM SAVAGE leave Gallipoli on 2 October. Two months PXE 698/42 later, the evacuation of Allied troops from RIGHT: MEDAL COMMEMORATING BATTLE AT DARDANELLES, 1915, ARTS & CRAFTS Gallipoli commenced. ASSOCIATION OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA R 686(S)

OPPOSITE PAGE: OPERATION ORDER NO. 3 FROM HEADQUARTERS, ANZAC (DETAIL) 16 DECEMBER 1915 MLMSS 7903

36 Western Front

They began arriving in France Louis Vasco was so inspired by French farm life that he filled his letters home with in late spring 1916. The lush watercolours of the landscape, people and green beauty of the country animals and promised his wife he would impressed the Australians bring her back to France ‘après la guerre’. Many purchased colourful embroidered OH PIP, 1915–1916. AUSTRALIAN SOLDIERS’ who had spent months in the JOURNAL OF WORLD WAR, 1914–1919 desert heat of Egypt and on French postcards to send home to loved A 2771 ones. The food, the wine and the French LEFT: SILK EMBROIDERED POSTCARDS C. 1916–1918 the dry steep cliffs of Gallipoli. women were also much remarked upon. EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I/1914–1920 Allan Allsop from Sydney OPPOSITE PAGE: LETTERS FROM LOUIS VASCO (VASCO LOUREIRO) … 1916–1918 wrote that the ‘grandeur of MLMSS 8191 / BOX 1X Southern France at this time of the year is truly astounding’.

38 39 FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: And then came trench warfare. No more as they ripped the earth out of the parapet, As they read the casualty lists, from home for three years. THE BATTLE OF THE MENIN ROAD … 1917, FRANK HURLEY ‘La belle France’. A shaken stretcher-bearer, prevailed as we crept along … Australians at home became familiar Sister Donnell was working PXD 22/34 Langford Colley-Priest, wrote to his parents: Official photographer Frank Hurley was with once obscure French and Belgian in the acute medical ward. HEAVY ARTILLERY BOMBARDMENT MAP, ‘this war not human and is a disgrace to Her patients were mainly 1918 also in awe of the sights and sounds of battle. placenames: Fromelles, Pozières, the MAPS/1079 Christianity’. He, like other diarists, tried to Somme, Ypres, Bullecourt, Passchendaele. suffering from gas poisoning We were just walking along the Menin Road A WINDY OUTPOST ON WESTHOEK RIDGE, describe the noise of war to those fortunate There were so many names on the casualty and there were lots of 1917, FRANK HURLEY in the twilight, near Hellfire Corner, when PXD 22/39 enough not to be there. lists. So many men had just disappeared into pneumonia cases. As she our barrage began. Simultaneously from a no-man’s-land, never to return. wrote, she could detect The sky looked beautiful, one mass of light thousand guns, and promptly on the tick of On New Year’s the smell of sickly sweet and star-shells etc. and the booming of guns five, there belched a blinding sheet of flame: Day 1918, Anne pineapple in the air — the etc. was deafening … The noise of the guns, and the roar — Nothing I heard in this world Donnell, a nurse tell-tale sign of poison gas: grenades and machine guns was terrific. No or in the next could possibly approach its stationed near ‘10 p.m. Will this restless one can realise what the noise is like unless equal. The firing was so continuous that Ypres, sat on her life never end. As I write they are close by. it resembled the beating of an army of bed and wept, the shelling is going on Allsop described the sound as: great drums … and the screaming shriek of homesick and again — heavier too. I am not ABOVE: ANNE DONNELL DIARY, Chaos and weird noises like thousands of iron thousands of shells. 31 DECEMBER 1917 [DETAIL] exhausted. She undressing – It’s a terrible life this.’ MLMSS 1022/ITEM 2 foundries, deafening and dreadful, coupled had been away LEFT: ANNE DONNELL, FRONTISPIECE with the roar of high explosives on coal-boxes FROM ANNE DONNELL: LETTERS OF AN AUSTRALIAN ARMY SISTER, SYDNEY: ANGUS & ROBERTSON, 1920

40 41 A POOR PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ‘COVES’ … OFFICIAL WAR PHOTOGRAPH OF MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / BOX 2 / Yet in the midst of it all there were a monologist (who recited poems and THE ANZAC COVES FOLDER 1 moments of light relief. The Anzac Coves monologues), singers, dancers, musicians MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / BOX 2 / FOLDER 1 — an entertainment troupe performing and burlesque. LEFT: BILLBOARD POSTER ADVERTISING songs and skits satirising military life — They were so popular that they toured THE ANZAC COVES … APRIL 1918 POSTERS 1204/4 provided a respite from mud, fear and death Britain during 1918, even performing at and the soldiers loved them. They set up Buckingham Palace in front of the King, their theatres in barns and sheds, just back Queen and Princess Mary. from the trenches and their shows were always packed. All of the Coves had seen active service, some at Gallipoli, others at the Western Front. There were singers, comedians, female impersonators,

42 43 Middle East

The famous last charge at Beersheba of COLUMN ON THE MARCH APPROACHING While most of the AIF THE SEA OF GALILEE, COLART’S STUDIO the Australian Light Horse is one of the MELBOURNE PXD 481/15A deployed to the Western Front enduring events of this campaign. The OPPOSITE PAGE: SIGNALLING TROOP in early 1916, the Australian horses are also part of their legend. Some SADDLING LAID OUT ... NEAR KHAN YUNUS, AW EDWARDS mounted troops stayed in 135,926 horses were shipped from Australia PXA 404/43 the Middle East to fight the to serve in the war. These hardy animals had to go up to 60 hours without water and carry Ottoman Turks in Egypt, around 130 kg of rider, saddle, equipment, Palestine, Jordan and Syria. food and water. The Middle East campaign The horses are mentioned regularly in the men’s diaries. Maurice Evans, a ended on 31 October 1918, member of the 1st Light Horse Ambulance, a few weeks after the capture wrote often about his horse, Bernard, who of Damascus. endeared himself to Evans after kicking the unpopular Sergeant-Major: … an old man very fat and very fond of his food and rather a glutton to boot who had started to … hog into our jam when Bernard, who was also having breakfast nearby, neatly, deliberately and with no little aplomb, kick[ed] him in the back of the neck. Wonderful horse! … Horses can show marvellous intelligence at times.

45 Visiting the Australian Flying Corps In January 1916 the Imperial Camel in Palestine and going up with pilot Ross Corps was formed from Australian infantry Smith, official war photographer Frank battalions who were recuperating after Hurley wrote: Gallipoli. Eventually four battalions were We are crossing the hills of Judea at 90 miles created. The 1st and 3rd battalions were per hour and yet from our great height we Australian, the 2nd was British, and the appear stationary. Away on the horizon lays 4th was a mix of Australians and New a dark streak which is rapidly enlarging. It is Zealanders. The Corps was established to the Dead Sea. In a few minutes we are over deal with the revolt of pro-Turkish Senussi it … I am powerless and utterly incapable of tribesmen in Egypt’s Western Desert. describing the wild and tremendous grandeur In late 1916 the Camel Corps was of the view now stretched before us. deployed to the Sinai desert to take part in operations against the Turkish army. Here ABOVE: TAFFY, AW EDWARDS PXA 404/27 Prior to the charge at Beersheba, several exciting months serving as a pilot they fought alongside Australian Light

ABOVE RIGHT: 1ST AUSTRALIAN FLYING Evans was spending most of his time on flying over Palestine and, in particular, Horse units at Romani, Magdhaba, Rafa CORPS, PALESTINE, FRANK HURLEY Jerusalem. PXD 31/128 the horselines, making sure Bernard was and Beersheba. The Camel Corps remained getting enough food and water. They were He was relieved that he didn’t have to bomb part of the Allied forces that advanced north stoking the horses with five feeds a day ‘this lovely city’. Writing to his family he through Palestine in 1917 and 1918. so they would be battle-ready. proudly announced: CAMEL LINES OF THE EGYPTIAN CAMEL Signaller Austin William Edwards of … I now consider myself a bird-man, CORPS … PALESTINE, FEBRUARY 1918 FRANK HURLEY the 1st Light Horse Regiment didn’t keep as I have flown a plane on my own, and ON 25 a diary, but took lots of photographs of his stunted about the skies for 5 hours at all horse, Taffy, and members of the regiment heights up to 3500 ft. This I did in about in the Sinai Desert. Edwards captured 6 flights. I have put in something like 14 hours scenes of the signallers working in the in the air already (i.e.) Dual, and solo. Dual is desert, men and horses resting on a beach with an instructor … I’ll send you a snap of me in Palestine and getting their kit ready for in flying rig-out & my pet aeroplane. an inspection by General Chauvel. Towards the end of the war, some Some of our fellows failed when it came Light Horse men swapped their horses for to flying. Some got chucked out as “duds” a new, daring form of warfare: the air war. (no good) some had bad crashes, and were One such horseman, Jack Butler, had been lucky to get off with their lives. Two or three a member of the 2nd Light Horse Regiment poor beggars were killed. but decided to transfer to the newly It’s wonderful the amount of crashes, and established Australian Flying Corps in breakages, and smash-ups they get in a flying early 1917. After several months of training, school. For my part I had luck, and never even he graduated as a pilot with the rank of strained a wire. Second Lieutenant in June 1917. He enjoyed

46 47 Prisoners of War

Around 4082 Australians They were brave. Many were captured during battle, suffering terrible injuries were taken as prisoners as they were transported into German- of war. In the Middle East, occupied France and then Germany. 232 were captured by the The men recalled that a number of French Ottoman Turks and German and German women living near the prisons helped them, secretly providing food forces captured 3850 on the and care. Western Front. Fifteen-year-old Keith Harris (pictured right) was one prisoner who was surreptitiously helped by German women. Keith, a deckhand on a freighter in the Pacific Ocean, was among 467 crew members captured by the German raider Wolf and taken to Germany. He turned 16 while in a German prison camp. Preparing to celebrate his birthday with jam, mouldy KEITH HARRIS black bread and some acorn coffee, Keith P03236.237 IMAGE COURTESY OF THE AUSTRALIAN scalded himself with the coffee, severely WAR MEMORIAL

burning his face. OPPOSITE PAGE: WAR NARRATIVE (DETAIL), 14 APRIL 1917 – 14 MAY 1918 … He wrote afterwards about one woman GEORGE WD BELL who all the prisoners called Grandmother. MLMSS 893 / ITEM 2 This woman treated the burns on his face with a type of oil. Another older woman gave

49 him potatoes grown in her garden. Keith until he recognised Dutch placenames on Captain William Cull, who spent also met a younger woman living in the area the cars parked in the streets. 13 months imprisoned in Germany, where he was working who cared for him: … I was sure we were at last on friendly suffered severe injuries to his hip. As an I became friendly with a German woman who Territory. I noticed a boy open a door so officer, Will lived under better conditions afterwards insisted on me calling her Mother. straight away, went up to him and asked for a than the other ranks of prisoners and was She had two young daughters and one son, drink. He referred me to his father, who was housed in officer camps at Karlsruhe, her husband being at the war … She used to not satisfied with giving us water, but took us Freiburg and Heidelberg. Unlike other wash and mend my clothes and I was always into his kitchen and gave us a drink of good ranks, officers were not forced to work. welcome at her home, but I had to be very Coffee, which although cold was to us most The first letters Will wrote to his family careful not to be seen going to or coming from delicious, it being the first drink of real coffee from prison were cheery and optimistic. her house. If I were seen it meant trouble for we had tasted for 17 months. I then asked He wrote about his fellow inmates — in both her and I, but she didn’t care ... She used him if we were in Holland? “Yes” he said, and particular a humorous Belgian who was to say she didn’t care who won the war and asked, “Have you come from Germany?” looking after him — and of his gradually I don’t think she did. I replied in the affirmative, and said improving health. He also wrote about his French fiancée, Marie, who he hoped would West Australian man George Bell, from “We are English,” at which he grasped our return with him to Australia after the war. the 16th Battalion, was taken prisoner at hands, seemingly over-joyed that we had He was thankful to receive many supplies the battle of Bullecourt in 1917. Although been successful in our escape. from the Red Cross. However, after he was suffering with a badly injured back and a released and living in Switzerland, he wrote shattered knee, he defied his captors by to his family; keeping a diary hidden for 13 months. Now that the trouble is over and don[e] with For the purpose of secreting my notes I can tell you that the pain I suffered, both day I have used ordinary British note paper. and night, for five months was I’m sure the Firstly, I carefully opened the flat end Other prisoners attempted escape, some most terrible possible for [a] mortal to suffer of the tube to insert the notes. Secondly, successfully. Adelaide man Wesley Choat, an[d] live with. I wonder that I’m not dotty. when softened and tightly folded, the papers from the 32nd Battalion, was captured by Doctors say that no one else could have lived were easily inserted into the centre – German troops after the disastrous battle through what I had. or thereabouts – of an ordinary large tube of of Fromelles in July 1916. The same day he Colgate’s toothpaste. was taken prisoner, his two brothers were George had received the notepaper and killed in the same battle. Choat wrote about WAR NARRATIVE, 14 APRIL 1917 toothpaste from the Prisoners Department his dramatic escape through Germany into – 14 MAY 1918 … GEORGE WD BELL MLMSS 893 / ITEM 2 of the Australian Red Cross Society in Holland after he returned home. The fact

RIGHT: WESLEY CHOAT (STANDING), London. that he was able to speak German helped JAMES PITTS (SEATED) P03236.156 him enormously as he and fellow soldier, IMAGE COURTESY OF THE AUSTRALIAN Lance Corporal James Pitts, pretended WAR MEMORIAL to be Belgian workmen travelling by train through Germany. Choat wasn’t sure

whether they had crossed into Holland WILLIAM CULL, LETTER HOME, 18 JUNE 1917 MLMSS 1165

50 51 In Memory

Only one known body was In 1916 the first statues of soldiers began appearing in Australian towns and the returned home to Australia: names of the fallen were engraved on

Major-General Bridges. monuments to the war dead. New traditions LEFT: PEACE FLAG, 1919 He was buried at the Royal of public mourning were being formed R 2054 around Anzac Day. BELOW AND OPPOSITE PAGE: Military College, Duntroon, TERENCE GARLING: COLLECTION OF Bereaved families privately mourned LETTERS HOME MLMSS 3432 / ITEM 1 in Canberra. Since most loved ones who would never return. Australians were buried in William and Marie Garling from Sydney cemeteries in the foreign created their own memorial to their son, Terence, who was killed in April 1918. His fields where they died, letters home, carefully bound together with or were buried at sea, there photographs and memorabilia, were placed were no bodies to mourn over, reverentially inside a wooden box. He was no funerals and no wakes. only 24 years old when he died of wounds received at Dernancourt on the Somme in France.

52 53 Terence Garling represents all of those Major Garling has served with me on many young men who held so much potential, occasions both in Egypt & Gallipoli as well who could have contributed much to as in France. On every occasion & under all society, if not stopped by premature death. conditions he has proved himself an able Terence’s letter home, dated seven days soldier and an excellent officer. His cheerful before his death, was annotated by his courage, sustained & inspiring energy has parents as ‘his last letter’. Following this at all times been an example to his brother letter are the bright pink telegrams that officers & the men under his command. were sent to notify the family of the death I have lost, in him, an experienced Battery of their soldier. The Reverend Wilcoxson, Commander & an officer of proved ability, from the Greenwich Anglican church, was whose personality & service I cannot sent an urgent telegram requesting that he replace, notify Mrs Garling of the death of her son Brig. General Burgess, Commanding 4th Terence. Receiving a visit from the local ZOLA (CAIRO), TERENCE WARD Aust. Div. Artillery, 14 April 1918 GARLING 1915 clergy was a common method of notifying PXA 1011/42 next of kin of the death of a family member. BELOW, RIGHT AND OPPOSITE PAGE: After the telegrams came many letters Dear Mrs Garling TERENCE GARLING: COLLECTION of condolence. Everyone from generals and OF LETTERS HOME MLMSS 3432 / ITEM 1 officers to the men who were part of his Fergusson is my name, poor old Terry and artillery brigade wrote describing a brave, France I were the best of pals and fellow officers respected, caring young officer. A life with 14.4.18 for a long time; so I am writing to you to give so much potential had been cut short. you my deepest sympathy. Terry was a son Dear Uncle Willie to be proud of, I can’t say enough for him, I have deferred writing about Terence till he was just about the bravest man I have I had thoroughly satisfied myself that the ever known … His men loved him, his report of his death in action was correct. officers too. Yesterday I went to his grave & added to He was always where the trouble was, in the its simple yet fitting embellishment my shape of shelling, I mean. He was hit whilst own offering, a token of my silent but deep walking up and down his battery which was sympathy for a grand young life, sadly cut being heavily shelled; giving confidence to off in its prime. But he did grand work, his men; it was absolutely necessary too, as Uncle, & all, both his seniors & juniors, the enemy was attacking in overwhelming speak in just as high terms of him as an numbers and the batteries had to keep officer & a man as our his confreres speak firing so long as there were men to man of him. His ability was amply attested by the guns; Terry as usual was doing his job his rank while yet a youth & so his life we properly as he always did; he was badly hit cannot say was wasted … and was never properly conscious so did with love not leave any messages, Your affectionate nephew MA Fergusson, 7 April 1918 Gerald

54 Item List

Humoristische karte von Europa A Recruit for the AIF Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) Albert Collins (1883–1953) Brian Gaynor (b. 1891) Major FA Maguire Colart’s studio, Melbourne im Jahre 1914 [Ephemera on recruitment Sergt LC Willis (Cherry Willis) Pillow fight, Sports meeting Swank, c. 1915–1918 Route taken by Transport A21 [Letter from Major FA Maguire, to First cutters from HMAS Sydney Map for World War I] on leave Port Sydney Postcard Marere, 1915 Dr FA Pockley], 7 November 1914 boarding the Emden, c. 1914 Purchased from Altea Gallery, 2012 Pamphlet Photographs Photograph PXB 316 Manuscript map Pockley family papers Photograph M2 200/1914/7 Q940.394/9 [31st Reinforcements (NSW) [31st Reinforcements (NSW) 23d Z/M2 990/1915/1 Manuscript Presented by the ANZAC Memorial 1 7d Field Artillery bound for Europe] Field Artillery bound for Europe] 28 Presented by Miss N Darley, Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 PXB 248 PXB 248 Albert Collins (1883–1953) niece of Miss Pockley, 1964 The pictorial panorama of the Great Hal Eyre (1875–1946) Physical Defects that will 17c 17d Cobbers, c. 1915–1918 Guy Lipscombe (1891–1951) MLMSS 1092 / Item 2 War … The European situation, 4 Aug Debar a Recruit Postcard It’s our Flag / Fight for it, work for it, 33 PXD 481/ 164164 Drawing [Ephemera on recruitment Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) PXB 316 c. 1914 38 Purchased from Hal Eyre, for World War I] Sergt Lionel Cherry Willis, Father Neptune’s ceremony crossing 23c Poster Rev. Vivian Little (1878–1956) October 1920 Pamphlet Field Artillery, Liverpool Camp, 1917 the Equator, Port Sydney London: Parliamentary War Addendum – Prayers Colart’s studio, Melbourne The Daily Telegraph war cartoons, Q940.394/9 Photographs Photograph Albert Collins (1883–1953) Committee Vivian Little diary, HMAS Australia crew waiting Vol. 1, No. 1, 1914 7e [31st Reinforcements (NSW) [31st Reinforcements (NSW) The Blighter, c. 1915–1918 George Ernest Morrison collection 9–14 November 1914 departure of the Sydney destroyer PXD 518 /1/1 Field Artillery bound for Europe] Field Artillery bound for Europe] Postcard Presented by the Morrison family, Manuscript for a night raid on [Rabaul], 2 Marsh Little (1880–1958) PXB 248 PXB 248 PXB 316 1946 Purchased from Rev. Little, 1928 c. 1914–1915 Boys of the Dardanelles 17b 17e 23e PX*D 160 Vol. 2 MLMSS 1910 / Item 2 Photograph Hal Eyre (1875–1946) Sydney, WH Paling & Co., 29a 34b Presented by the ANZAC Memorial German Empire ... Aug 15th WJ Deane and Son, 1915 Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) James Brunton Gibb (1897–1968) Archie Barwick (1890–1966) Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 Drawing Sheet music A group of artillery men at Liverpool ‘A Coo-ee from Australia’ Archie Barwick diary, James Northfield (1887–1973) Dr Brian Coldin Antill Pockley The pictorial panorama of the Great Purchased from Hal Eyre, MUSIC FILE/LIT Camp, NSW Manuscript 22 August 1914 Come on Boys, Follow the Flag, (1890–1914) War … October 1920 10 Photographs James Brunton Gibb further papers, Manuscript c. 1916 Dr Brian Coldin Antill Pockley PXD 481/ 164163 The Daily Telegraph war cartoons, [31st Reinforcements (NSW) 1873 – c. 1990 Purchased from Archie Barwick, Poster papers, 1910–1917, 11 September 1914 39 Vol. 2, No. 5, 1914 Words by Harley Cohen, Field Artillery bound for Europe] Presented by Barbara Revill in 1997 1922 Melbourne: Troedel & Cooper Manuscript PXD 518 /2/5 music by Bert Rache PXB 248 MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / MLMSS 1493 / Box 1 / Item 1 George Ernest Morrison collection Presented by Miss N Darley, Rupert T Vowles (1894–1973) 3 They Were There! There! There! 17a Box 2 / Folder 1 24 Presented by the Morrison family, niece of Miss Pockley, 1964 RT Vowles diary of the capture Sydney, William Brooks & Co., 1916 20 1946 MLMSS 1092 / Item 1 of the Emden, November 1914 ‘England at War’ Sheet music Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) Ellis Silas (1885–1972) PX*D 160 Vol. 2 35 Vowles war diaries, The Sun, 4 August 1914 MUSIC FILE/RAC ‘C Sub’ 31st Reinforcements (NSW) ‘You’ll do kangaroo’ Silas diary, 1914–1916, October 1914 29b August 1914 – September 1919 Sydney: Star and Sun Ltd, 1910–1988 9 Field Artillery AIF 1917 Greeting card Manuscript Franz Bordeaux Manuscript Newspaper Photographs PXA 623/2 Presented by Ellis Silas, c. 1929 Dr Fred Hamilton-Kenny Bordeaux diary and papers Purchased from Rupert T Vowles, BN483 Written by Charles Vaude, [31st Reinforcements (NSW) 21 MLMSS 1840 (1859–1927) concerning the ship Emden, 1920 4a composed by Joe Slater Field Artillery bound for Europe] 25 Dr Fred Hamilton-Kenny letter 1914–1915 MLMSS 3052 / Item 6 If England Wants a Hand, PXB 248 World War One Rejected Volunteers’ diary, 29 August – 19 October 1914, Manuscript 40 ‘Declaration of War’ Well, Here it is 17f Association of New South Wales Robert Wilson (1896–1973) 15 September 1914 Purchased from Captain The Sun, 5 August 1914 Melbourne: Dinsdales, c. 1915 badge, c. 1916 Papers of Robert Christian Wilson, Manuscript DF Bardally, 1920 Dr Leonard Darby (1889–1980) Sydney: Star and Sun Ltd, 1910–1988 Sheet music Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) Sterling silver badge 1915–1916 Presented by Fred Hamilton-Kenny, MLMSS 685/Item 2 Dr Leonard Darby, Sydney-Emden Newspaper MUSIC FILE/SLA L-R: Sgts Smith, Pike, Gore, Hardy, Purchased from Helen Hattersley, Manuscript 1964 36 Engagement, 9th November, 1914. BN483 14 Willis, Small 2013 Presented by Michael Hales Wilson MLMSS 930 / Item 1 Report of Surgeon Sub. Lieut. Darby, 4b Photograph R 2055 in 2000 and 2002 30 Colart’s studio, Melbourne RAN Words by Fred E Weatherly, [31st Reinforcements (NSW) 22 MLMSS 7117 /11-15 [The deck] of the Emden, c. 1914 Manuscript Recruits Wanted music by Haydn Wood Field Artillery bound for Europe] 26 G Norman Roskruge (b. 1890) Photograph Purchased from James R Lawson [Ephemera on recruitment Roses of Picardy PXB 248 Albert Collins (1883–1951) Rabaul Harbour September 1914, Presented by the ANZAC Memorial Pty Ltd in August 1998 for World War I] Sydney: Chappell, c. 1916 17h In his Element, c. 1915–1918 Turner and Henderson Ltd HMAS Parramatta and Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 MLMSS 652841 Pamphlet Sheet music Postcard The Kitchener Political and HMAS Encounter, AE1, 1914 The pictorial panorama of the Great 41 Q940.394/9 MUSIC FILE/WOO Lionel Cherry Willis (b. 1897) PXB 316 Strategical War Map of Europe with Photograph War: Embracing Egypt, Gallipoli, 7a 13 Wheelbarrow race, Sports meeting 23a German Territories in the East and Presented by Miss ADM Busby, 1954 Palestine, France, Belgium, Brian Colden Antill Pockley, c. 1914 Port Sydney Showing the Continental Railway PXB 14 Germany and the Navy — from an Photograph A Recruit for the AIF Photograph Albert Collins (1883–1951) Systems, 1914 32 exhibition of war photographs in Dr Brian Coldin Antill Pockley [Ephemera on recruitment [31st Reinforcements (NSW) The Goose Step, c. 1915–1918 Map natural colour produced by Colart’s papers, 1910–1917 for World War I] Field Artillery bound for Europe] Postcard Z/M3 200/1914/2 Studio, Melbourne Presented by Miss N Darley, Pamphlet PXB 248 PXB 316 27 PXD 481/167 niece of Miss Pockley, 1964 Q940.394/9 17g 23b 37 MLMSS 1092 / Item 5 7b 42

56 57 Item List

Sydney, Emden medal [Original date Loureiro Vasco (1882–1918) Colart’s Studio, Melbourne Aubrey Roy Liddon Wiltshire Leslie Fraser Standish Hore Albert William Savage (b. 1890) Walter Todd (b. 1894) Dr Herschel Harris (1871–1920) of coin 1892], 1914 ‘Rations’ at sea, Jones, 3159, Steve, [ … On the beach] (1891–1969) (1870–1935) The staff 3rd AGH photographed Swimming at Anzac, c. 1915 Anzac October 1915, ‘Luncheon Silver medal Jones again, Tea Dixie, Vasco 1917 Photograph Aubrey Wiltshire’s diaries, Stand to arms ... Walker’s Ridge, on Christmas Day 1915, Lemnos Photographs of the ANZACs at Hour’ (names unknown) Sir William Dixson medal collection Charcoal and watercolour drawings Presented by the ANZAC Memorial 20 September 1915 June 1915 Island, Col. de Crespeqny in Gallipoli, Sinai Desert, hospital ship, Dr Herschel Harris war photographs Bequeathed by Sir William Dixson, Ragtime sketches on board our Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 Manuscript Watercolour drawings command. A view after the staff was 1915, compiled by Walter Todd in France and Lemnos 1952 transport, Vasco, 1917 The pictorial panorama of the Presented by ARL Wiltshire in 1939 Purchased 1919 photographed. Presented by Mrs Bonnie Tucker, PXA 403 DN/M 507 Purchased from Mrs G Vasco, Great War … MLMSS 3058 / Box 1 / Item 2 PXE 702 Photographs of the Third Australian August 1988 69b 43 November 1920 PXB 481/31 59 63c General Hospital … PXE 1527 PXE 700 / Vol. 2 52 PXE 698/42 68a Dr Herschel Harris (1871–1920) Action between HMAS Sydney and 47e Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (1881–1931) Leslie Fraser Standish Hore 64e Anzac October 1915, near the front SMS Emden, 9.11.14, showing tracks Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (1881–1931) Letter from Ellis Ashmead Bartlett (1870–1935) Walter Todd (b. 1894) line of the trenches, ‘snipers’ at work steamed, 1928 Loureiro Vasco (1882–1918) Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett telegrams, to Prime Minister Asquith, The ‘75’, August 1915 Albert William Savage (b. 1890) Hospital Barge, 1915 Dr Herschel Harris war photographs Map The Sappers’ boudoir, somewhere at 1915 8 September 1915 Watercolour drawing Operating tent and staff. Taken prior Photographs of the ANZACs at in France and Lemnos MT3 995.31/1914/1 sea, the sapper at rest, Vasco 1917 Manuscript Manuscript Purchased 1919 to an operation, Lemnos Island, 1915 Gallipoli, Sinai Desert, hospital ship, PXA 403 44a Charcoal and watercolour drawings Acquired from Ellis Ashmead- Acquired from Ellis Ashmead- PXE 702 Patients and interior of ward during 1915, compiled by Walter Todd 69c Ragtime sketches on board our Bartlett, via publisher Angus & Bartlett, via publisher Angus & 63d early days Presented by Mrs Bonnie Tucker, C Squadron 3rd Light Horse transport, Vasco, 1917 Robertson, 1916 Robertson, 1916 Photographs of the Third Australian August 1988 Australian Imperial Forces at Regiment marching through Hobart, Purchased from Mrs G Vasco, A1585 A1583 Leslie Fraser Standish Hore General Hospital … PXE 1527/9 Gallipoli, 1915 Hudson Fysh in second to front row, November 1920 53 60 (1870–1935) PXE 698/19 68b Photographs September 1914 PXE 700 / Vol. 2 Bathing Party, Gallipoli, 64f PXB 250 Photograph 47g John Harrison Wheat (1893–1953) Operation order No. 3 from October 1915 Walter Todd (b. 1894) 70 Sir Hudson Fysh pictorial collection John Harrison Wheat’s war diaries Headquarters, OLD No. 3 Post, Watercolour drawing Leslie Fraser Standish Hore Beetle Barge carrying wounded from Presented 1976 Thomas Ray Crooks (1884–1932) and narratives, February 1914 ANZAC, 16th Dec. 1915 Purchased 1919 (1870–1935) Gallipoli to hospital ship Kodak ‘Soldiers’ own’ camera, c. 1914 PXA 1063 / 1389-1412 no 1404 Crooks war diary, 2 April 1915 – c. 1920 Charles Frederick Cox newspaper PXE 702 Finis, 20 December 1915 Photographs of the ANZACs at Private collection 45 Manuscript Manuscript cuttings (1898–1919) 63e Watercolour drawings Gallipoli, Sinai Desert, hospital ship, 72 Purchased from Thomas Ray Purchased from John H Wheat, 1925 Manuscript Purchased 1919 1915, compiled by Walter Todd Loureiro Vasco (1882–1918) Crooks, 1919 MLMSS 3054 / Item 1 From the Papers of Leslie Fraser Standish Hore PXE 703 Presented by Mrs Bonnie Tucker, William James Rodgers (b. 1879), Some of the ‘bhoys’ en route for ‘the MLMSS 838 55 Charles Frederick Cox (1870–1935) 65a August 1988 1st Field Ambulance old dart’— Yorkey, Balks, Red, Ray, 48 MLMSS 7903 ANZAC Beach, June 1915 PXE 1527/5 Army book 166 [booklet of tallies for December 1916 Archie Barwick (1890–1966) 62 Watercolour drawing Leslie Fraser Standish Hore 68c wounded men], c. 1915 Charcoal and watercolour drawings Colart’s Studio, Melbourne Archie Barwick diary, Purchased 1919 (1870–1935) Presented 1921 Ragtime sketches on board our [Australian troops on pyramid], 22 August 1914 Leslie Fraser Standish Hore PXE 702 The Crescent and the Cross, July 1915 Walter Todd (b. 1894) R 766 transport, Vasco, 1917 c. 1915 Manuscript (1870–1935) 63f Watercolour drawings ANZAC wounded being taken to 73 Purchased from Mrs G Vasco, Photograph Purchased from Archie Barwick, The Left Front of Main Portion from Purchased 1919 hospital ship November 1920 Presented by the ANZAC Memorial 1922 1/2 way up Walker’s Ridge, 1915 Albert William Savage (b. 1890) PXE 703 Photographs of the ANZACs at World War 1 propaganda leaflets and PXE 700 / Vol. 2 Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 MLMSS 1493 / Box 1 / Item 1 Watercolour drawing The third AGH motor launch, the 65b Gallipoli, Sinai Desert, hospital ship, papers dropped from aircraft over 47b The pictorial panorama of the 56 Purchased 1919 hospital is seen in the distance 1915, compiled by Walter Todd Gallipoli and Palestine, 1915 Great War … Sketches at Gallipoli / Leslie Hore Difficulties to contend with at Jack Sommers (1878–1934) Presented by Mrs Bonnie Tucker, SAFE 1/213 Loureiro Vasco (1882–1918) PXB 481 Ellis Silas (1885–1972) PXE 702/5 Lemnos 1915–1916 to our gallant Australian August 1988 74 North Coast Eric of the 53rd 49 Silas diary, 1914–1916, October 1914 63a Photographs of the Third Australian kinsmen at the Front from the PXE 1527/10 No. 3145 — Steve looking for Manuscript General Hospital at Lemnos, Egypt Australian War Contingent 68d Robur Tea war map, 1915 submarines — Jerry — Crock Colart’s Studio, Melbourne Presented by Ellis Silas, c. 1929 Leslie Fraser Standish Hore & Brighton (Eng.) Association, London, with every Melbourne: Farrow Falcon Press of the 53rd — Ashfield Dug of the North Beach, c. 1915 MLMSS 1840 (1870–1935) PXE 698/86 good wish to one and all Xmas 1915 Dr Herschel Harris (1871–1920) Map 18th No. 6382, 1917, Vasco 1917 Photograph 57 From Walker’s Ridge, 1915 64c Oil paintings on tin box Anzac October 1915, Major Fiaschi M4 390.8/1915/3 Charcoal and watercolour drawings Presented by the ANZAC Memorial Watercolour drawing Presented by Jack Sommers, 1933 inspecting a trench. Central figure 75 Ragtime sketches on board our Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 Thomas Ray Crooks (1884–1932) Purchased 1919 Albert William Savage (b. 1890) R 746 is a private and resting with hands transport, Vasco, 1917 The pictorial panorama of the Great Crooks war diary, 6–9 August 1915 PXE 702/4 Sisters Lines, Lemnos Island 67 crossed is Major Herschel Harris Anzac Purchased from Mrs G Vasco, War … Manuscript 63b Wounded men waiting admission to Dr Herschel Harris war photographs Sydney: published by HEC Robinson, November 1920 PXB 481/25 Purchased from Thomas Ray Hospital wards. Col. Stawell passing in France and Lemnos 1916 PXE 700 / Vol. 2 51 Crooks, 1919 cigarettes to the boys PXA 403 Map 47d MLMSS 838 Photographs of the Third Australian 69a M2 390.8/1916/1 58a and b General Hospital … 76 PXE 698/29 64d

58 59 Item List

Great Britain War Office General Personal handwritten prayers of a Steenwerck – Calais train ticket, Souvenir de France silk James Joseph Marshall (1889–1959) Oh Pip, 1915–1916. Australian George Colville (1887–1970) William (Bill) Henry Thornhill Staff Geographical Section Turkish officer found at Gallipoli, c. 1916 handkerchief Sanctuary of Cathedral, Bapaume, soldiers’ journal of World War, Mounterban Railhead on the Somme Burrell (1893–1965) Gallipoli, Scale 1:20,000, Kurija 1915 EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I John McKay, 1914–1918 1917 1914–1919 in Wintertime, c. 1917–1918 William Burrell diary, Dere, 1915 Manuscript /1914–1920 Realia Pencil drawings Manuscript Watercolour and pencil drawing 20 September 1917 Map Alfred Prichard Kington Morris 88b Presented by Mr Frederick Spencer Rough stuff from France Presented by George Colville, 1919 [Sketches of World War I, France Manuscript Cairo, Egypt: Survey Dept war diaries, 18 October 1914 – McKay, January 1984 sketchbook … A 2771 and Belgium] Burrell diaries, Maps/1020 22 February 1917 Australian Imperial Force R 2062 Presented c. 1929 95 Purchased from George Colville, 20 December 1915 – 1 July 1919 77 Purchased from AP Morris, 1919 Military letter card 89c PXA 381 (v.3)/33 1920 Purchased from WH Burrell, 1919 MLMSS 2886 / Item 5 EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I 93c George Colville (1887–1970) PXE 706/12 MLMSS 1375 / Item 2 Brian Gaynor (b. 1891) 82 /1914–1920 James Joseph Marshall (1889–1959) Football Match Behind the Lines 96f 104 View of No 1 Gun Brownes Battery 88d ‘My Story of the big War’ James Joseph Marshall (1899–1959) Watercolour and pencil drawings Drawing Printed Koran verses found 24 November – 12 December 1916 At the Battle at Le Transloy ... 1917 [Sketches of World War I, France John (Jack) Thomas Hutton Anne Donnell (1876–1956) Collection of maps and views drawn at Gallipoli, 1915 Field postcard Manuscript Pencil drawings and Belgium] (1889–1958) Anne Donnell diary, by Captain Brian Gaynor during Alfred Prichard Kington Morris EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I Purchased from James Joseph Rough stuff from France Purchased from George Colville, John Thomas Hutton war diary, 31 December 1917 World War I war diaries, 18 October 1914 – /1914–1920 Marshall, 1919 sketchbook … 1920 December 1916 Manuscript Presented by Mrs Gaynor, 1927 22 February 1917 88e MLMSS 1164/ item 4 Presented c. 1929 PXE 706 Manuscript Purchased from Anne Donnell, 1919 Maps/1026 Purchased from AP Morris, 1919 90a PXA 381 (v.3) 96a Purchased from JT Hutton, 1920 MLMSS 1022/Item 2 78a MLMSS 2886 / Item 6 Field postcard 93d MLMSS 1138 / Item 2 105a 83 EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I 2453 J Marshall, 53rd Battalion, George Colville (1887–1970) 97 Brian Gaynor (b. 1891) /1914–1920 c. 1916–1917 James Joseph Marshall (1899–1959) Balloon Ascending c. 1917–1918 Anne Donnell (1876–1956) Map Situation Australian Division Arts & Crafts Association of Sydney, 88f Postcard photograph The Annoyed One, The Other Chap, Watercolour and pencil drawings Wilfred Joseph (Allan) Allsop Anne Donnell circular letter, Map Australia [James Joseph Marshall sketches, 1917 [Sketches of World War I, France (1893–1956) 27 December 1915 Collection of maps and views drawn Medal commemorating battle Silk embroidered postcards, photographs and newscuttings] Pencil drawings and Belgium] WJA Allsop diary, 20 July 1916 Manuscript by Captain Brian Gaynor during at Dardanelles, 1915 c. 1916–1918 Presented c. 1929 Rough stuff from France Purchased from George Colville, Manuscript Purchased from Anne Donnell, 1919 World War I John Lane Mullins collection EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I PXA 381 (v.6) sketchbook … 1920 Allsop war diaries, 1915–1917 MLMSS 1022 / Item 1 Presented by Mrs Gaynor, 1927 Presented by Miss Hilda Lane /1914–1920 91 Presented c. 1929 PXE 706 MLMSS 1606/Item 2 105b Maps/1026 Mullins, 1939 88g-m PXA 381 (v.3) 96d 98a 78b R 686(s) James Joseph Marshall (1889–1959) 93e William (Bill) Henry Thornhill 84 Souvenir de Caire, c. 1915–1918 The First Night in, 1917 George Colville (1887–1970) Wilfred Joseph (Allan) Allsop Burrell (1893–1965) General Headquarters, Postcard Pencil drawing Dr Herschel Harris (1871–1920) Canteen near Ouderdoom, Belgium, (1893–1956) War snapshots by 3461 Mediterranean Expeditionary Force Gallipoli Star badge EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I Sketches of the Somme, 1917, France, Wimereux, 1915, Australian c. 1917–1918 WJA Allsop diary, June 1916 Cpt. WH Burrell MM, c. 1916 Trench map No. IV, 1915 ‘BB & Co.’ on reverse /1914–1920 2453, J Marshall Pte, Voluntary Hospital Group of Watercolour and pencil drawing Allsop war diaries, 1915–1917 Photograph Manuscript map Presented 1961 88n 53rd Battn, AIF sisters, L to R: Sister Baxter, [Sketches of World War I, France Purchased from WJA Allsop, 1920 Purchased from WH Burrell, 1919 Maps/1127 R 686 (x) Presented c. 1929 Sister Anderson, Sister Dowling and and Belgium] MLMSS 1606/Item 1 PXB 198 79 85 Silk-embroidered handkerchief bag PXA 381 (v.2) Sister (?) all from Sydney Purchased from George Colville, 98b 106 John McKay, 1914–1918, 92 Photographs 1920 Gallipoli, reproduced by the Survey Whitcombe & Tombs Limited Realia Dr Herschel Harris war photographs PXE 706/11 Langford Wellman Colley-Priest Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Dept Egypt, from a map published by On active service: A new, interesting Presented by Mr Frederick Spencer James Joseph Marshall (1889–1959) in France and Lemnos 96b (1890–1928) A windy outpost on Westhoek Ridge, the War Office [Cairo], 1915 and instructive game for young McKay, January 1984 Rough stuff from France PXA 403 Colley-Priest diary, July 19th to 1917 Map and old R 2062 sketchbook, 94a George Colville (1887–1970) July 22nd 1916 Exhibition of war photographs taken Annotations made by Lieut Walter Game 89a 2453, J Marshall Pte, [The village of Bray-Suv-Somme], Manuscript by Capt. F Hurley, August 1917 – John Warneford R 751 53rd Battn, AIF Dr Herschel Harris (1871–1920) c. 1917–1918 Purchased from Langford Colley- August 1918 Z/M3 390.8/1915/3 86 Silk handkerchief with colour Presented c. 1929 Reading the Cup Watercolour and pencil drawing Priest, 1919 Purchased August 1919 80 printed flags of several Allied PXA 381 (v.3)/23 Photographs [Sketches of World War I, France MLMSS 2439/item 1 PXD 22/39 Mademoiselle Gaby Aubery, countries of World War, 1914–1918 93 Dr Herschel Harris war photographs and Belgium] 99 107b Cardboard case to hold ammunition calling card, c. 1916 John McKay in France and Lemnos Purchased from George Colville, for rifle for Turkish Army, ANZAC, EPHEMERA/WORLD WAR I Realia James Joseph Marshall (1889–1959) PXA 403 1920 Douglas David Horton (1890–1952) May 1915 /1914–1920 Presented by Mr Frederick Spencer The Second Time in the Line ... 1917 94b PXE 706/14 An account of the battle of Pozières, Presented 1940 88a McKay, January 1984 Pencil drawings 96e July – August 1916 R 775 R 2062 Rough stuff from France Manuscript 81 89b sketchbook … Horton war diary, c. 1918 Presented c. 1929 Donated by D Horton, c. 1919 PXA 381 (v.3)/23 MLMSS 1991 93a 101

60 61 Item List

Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Leslie Fraser Standish Hore Anzac Coves: Pierrot troupe, direct Australia. Army. Australian Corps. William Ambrose Cull Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Letter written on German officer’s The Cacolet: Journal of the Australian The Battle of the Menin Road, (1870–1935) from the firing line Corps Topographical Section William Ambrose Cull letter diary, Australian Light Horse watering in cuff, 1917 Camel Field Ambulance in which the Australians took a Australian Aeroplanes Practising James Brunton Gibb further papers Heavy artillery bombardment map, 1915–1918 the desert Textile No. 3 (Sept. 1917) prominent part … 1917 Firing down a Road ... Amiens Presented by Barbara Revill in 1997 1918 Cull letter diary, 1915–1918 Exhibition of war photographs taken Bequeathed by Sir William Dixson, Palestine, Australian Camel Field Exhibition of war photographs taken Watercolour drawing MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / Box Map Capt. William Ambrose Cull by Capt. F Hurley, August 1917 – 1952 Ambulance (Cairo, Nile Mission by Capt. F Hurley, August 1917 – [World War I sketches] by Leslie 2 / Folder 1 Maps/1079 MLMSS 1165 August 1918 DR 89 Press) August 1918 Hore 112d 122 126b Purchased from Frank Hurley, 1919 137 940.939/12 Purchased August 1919 Purchased 1919 PXD 27/90 147 PXD 22/34 PXE 703/42 Dene and Alan Fry Maurice Evans Keith Harris 132a Zola (Cairo) 107a 109e Dene’s letter to his parents after Maurice Evans, 1917 Harris narrative of the capture of Lieutenant, later Major, The Cacolet: Journal of the Australian Alan’s death, 17 October 1916 Manuscript SS Matunga and experiences as a Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Terence Ward Garling, 1915 Camel Field Ambulance Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Leslie Fraser Standish Hore Manuscript MLMSS 1576/item 5 prisoner of war, c. 1918 The advance through the desert with Photograph No. 4 (June 1918) Scene in an advanced dressing (1870–1935) MLMSS 1159 / vol. 3 123 Manuscript the ALH in Palestine PXA 1011/42 Palestine, Australian Camel Field station during a battle, 1917 Lamotte Brebiere: In Rest 113 MLMSS 1295/item 1 Exhibition of war photographs taken 139 Ambulance (Cairo, Nile Mission Exhibition of war photographs taken Watercolour drawing Wesley P Choat 129a by Capt. F Hurley, August 1917 – Press) by Capt. F Hurley, August 1917 – [World War I sketches] by Leslie Dene and Alan Fry Wesley P Choat war narrative, August 1918 Two-piece suits given away 940.939/12 August 1918 Hore Photograph album ‘My First Stunt’ Keith Harris Purchased from Frank Hurley, 1919 Pamphlet 147 Purchased August 1919 Purchased 1919 World War I photograph album of Manuscript Narrative of the capture of PXD 27/87 [World War I recruitment ephemera] PXD 24/52 PXE 703/58 Dene Barrett Fry and Alan Fraser Choat war narrative, 1916–1918 SS Matunga and experiences as a 132b Q940.394/9 AW Edwards (1894–1974) 108 109j Fry, including portraits as children, Wesley P Choat prisoner of war, c. 1918 142 Signalling Troop saddling laid out in and scenes in Egypt, Turkey, and MLMSS 1504 MLMSS 1295/item 2 Frank Hurley (1885–1962) readiness for inspection by General Leslie Fraser Standish Hore Billboard poster advertising Anzac South Africa, c. 1898–1916 124 129b 1st Australian Flying Corps, Free tour to Great Britain and Chauvel ... near Khan Yunus (1870–1935) Coves 1st Australian HQ Pierrot Presented by Mrs Jean Fry, 1989 Palestine Europe Photograph The Barrage, Pozières, August 1916 Troupe, to perform at Kings Theatre PXD 860 / Box 5 George Bell Frank Raymond Massie (1885–1918) Exhibition of war photographs taken Pamphlet 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, Watercolour drawing Hammersmith, April 1918 114 Explanation of Diary transcript Attack which resulted in the capture by Capt. F Hurley, August 1917 – [World War I recruitment ephemera] 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine Purchased 1919 James Brunton-Gibb further papers George WD Bell war narrative, of Beersheba 31.10.17 August 1918 Q940.394/9 PXA 404/43 PXE 703/15 Presented by Barbara Revill in 1997 Lew Pimblett (1893–1969) 14 April 1917 – 14 May 1918, Manuscript map Purchased from Frank Hurley, 1919 143 148b 109a POSTERS 1204/4 Souvenir of the Great War, 1917–18 ‘Thirteen months captivity Presented by Captain ACL Abbott, PXD 31/128 110b Album in Hunland’ 12th Light Horse AIF 132c CEW Bean (1879–1968) AW Edwards (1894–1974) Leslie Fraser Standish Hore Purchased from Lew Pimblett, 1919 14 April 1917 ZMB2 414/1917/1 What to Know in Egypt: A Guide Taffy (1870–1935) A poor photograph of the ‘Coves’ … PXB 235 Manuscript 130 John Herbert Butler for Australian Soldiers Photograph Out of the Line, May 1918 Étretat (France) … after a show given 116 MLMSS 893 / Item 1 John Herbert Butler Cairo, Société Orientale de Publicité, 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, Watercolour drawing to hospital patients … 125a Colart’s Studio, Melbourne correspondence, 1914–1920 1915 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine Purchased 1919 James Brunton Gibb further papers PV Ryan (1881–1950) Column on the march approaching Sunday 6 May 1917, letter Printed PXA 404/27 PXE 703/23 Presented by Barbara Revill in 1997 This is why we wear our hats turned George WD Bell the Sea of Galilee Manuscript 916.2/3 148c 109b MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / Box up on the side War narrative, 14 April 1917 – 14 May Photograph MLMSS 1003/ Item 2 144a 2 / Folder 1 Lieut PV Ryan, 7th Rgt ALH AIF 1918, ‘Thirteen months captivity in Presented by the ANZAC Memorial 134 AW Edwards (1894–1974) Leslie Fraser Standish Hore 112a [sketchbook], 1914–1918 Hunland’, 16 April 1917 – 14 May 1918 Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 Louis Vasco (Vasco Urbano A novel ‘bivy’ (bivouac) (1870–1935) Purchased 1919 MLMSS 893 / Item 2 The pictorial panorama of the Great Terence Garling: Loureiro) (1883–1918) Photograph Caught Official war photograph of the PXB 223 125b War … collection of letters home Letters from Louis Vasco 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, Watercolour drawing Anzac Coves 118 PXD 481/15a Manuscript (Vasco Loureiro) from England and 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine [World War I sketches] by Leslie James Brunton Gibb further papers William Ambrose Cull 131a Terence Garling MLMSS 3432 / France, 1916–1918 PXA 404/31 Hore Presented by Barbara Revill in 1997 Great Britain. Army. Royal William Cull, letter home, Item 1 Purchased from Mrs G Vasco, 148d Purchased 1919 MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / Box Engineers. 5 Field Survey Coy 18 June 1917 (Should be July) Colart’s Studio, Melbourne 135 November 1920 PXE 703/41 2 / Folder 1 Distribution of enemy forces [Page 445]– 448 The Wailing Wall, Jerusalem MLMSS 8191 / Box 1X AW Edwards (1894–1974) 109d 112b opposite 1st ANZAC Corp’s front: William Ambrose Cull letter diary, Photograph Peace flag, 1919 145 1st Light Horse Signallers at work from information received to 1/9/17 1915–1918 Presented by the ANZAC Memorial Textile on Sinai Desert Official war photograph of the Map Cull letter diary, 1915–1918 Trust, Hyde Park, Sydney, NSW, 1967 Presented by Diana Ford, 1986 Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Photograph Anzac Coves Maps/1032 Capt. William Ambrose Cull The pictorial panorama of the R 2054 Frank Hurley collection of diaries, 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, James Brunton Gibb further papers 119 MLMSS 1165 Great War … 136 10 November 1912 – 13 August 1918 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine Presented by Barbara Revill in 1997 126a PXD 481/33 Purchased from Frank Hurley, PXA 404/4 MLMSS 3446 ADD-ON 2220 / Box 131b August 1919 148e 2 / Folder 1 MLMSS 389 / Box 5 / Item 1 112c 146

62 63 AW Edwards (1894–1974) Frank Hurley (1885–1962) REPRODUCTIONS Henry Charles Marshall (1890–1915) 1st Light Horse Signallers in their At the Hangars of the 1st Australian World War I soldiers being fed [At Gallipoli] hours of ease Squadron AFC Palestine, 1917 by women prior to embarkation, Reproduction photograph Photograph Reproduction Henty, NSW Kensington to Cairo and from Cairo 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, World War I: France, Belgium, Reproduction photograph to Gallipoli: Album of Photographs, 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine Palestine, 1917–1918 At Work and Play – 02079 1914–1915 PXA 404/3 Paget plates photographed by PXA 1861 148f Frank Hurley Henry Charles Marshall (1890–1915) ON 25 Col-Sergt Jackson resisting a North Coasters being sworn in at AW Edwards (1894–1974) 150a snapshot Port Macquarie Show Ground. Donkey race. One of the heats Reproduction photograph World War I recruiting march, of the Dinkum Donkey Derby run Frank Hurley (1885–1962) Kensington to Cairo and from Cairo Port Macquarie, NSW at Zietoun Camel lines of the Egyptian Camel to Gallipoli: Album of Photographs, Reproduction photograph Photograph Corps at Esdud, Palestine, February 1914–1915 At Work and Play – 05043 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, 1918 PXA 1861 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine Reproduction Oliver Hogue (Trooper Bluegum) PXA 404/17 World War I: France, Belgium, Henry Charles Marshall (1890–1915) (1880–1918) 148g Palestine, 1917–1918 Judging distances, Randwick Range ‘How the troops left Sydney: Paget plates photographed by Reproduction photograph No demonstrations’ AW Edwards (1894–1974) Frank Hurley Kensington to Cairo and from Cairo Sydney Morning Herald, Surfing near Khan Yunus ON 25 to Gallipoli: Album of Photographs, 3 February 1915, p. 12 Photograph 150b 1914–1915 Newspaper reproduction 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, PXA 1861 BN445 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine Some useful information about 46 PXA 404/44 Cairo: With the compliments of the Henry Charles Marshall (1890–1915) 148h YMCA, c. 1915 Boarding Troopship Afric Sydney Mail, 26 May 1915 John Joyce miscellaneous papers, 18 October 1914 Newspaper reproduction AW Edwards (1894–1974) c. 1915 Reproduction photograph BN 336 Our section at dinner, L–R: Textual Records, Cartographic Kensington to Cairo and from Cairo 54 Edwards, Wilson, MacNamara, Price Materials to Gallipoli: Album of Photographs, Photograph MLMSS 2779 / Item 6 1914–1915 Sydney Mail, 19 May 1915 1090 Sig. Corp. AW Edwards, 151 PXA 1861 Newspaper reproduction 1st Light Horse Regt in Palestine BN 336 PXA 404/45 Henry Charles Marshall (1890–1915) 148i The Southern Cross at Colombo, Dr Pockley: Brilliant student and 15 November 1914 athlete Camel hair clipped by the Australian Reproduction photograph Sydney Morning Herald, Camel Corps, Egypt, World War I, Kensington to Cairo and from Cairo 14 September 1914, p. 8 c. 1915 to Gallipoli: Album of Photographs, Newspaper reproduction and envelope, ‘For Margaret’ 1914–1915 BN445 Irene Victoria Read pictorial PXA 1861 66/140 material and relics, 1839–1951 Presented by TAG Holmes, 1975 Henry Charles Marshall (1890–1915) R 1117/Item 1 Group, at top of Cheops More on Curio Reproduction photograph 149 Kensington to Cairo and from Cairo to Gallipoli: Album of Photographs, 1914–1915 PXA 1861

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