Research Memo

Should and sell planes to Air? and still ferrying militants and weapons to support ’s Bashar al-Assad At least 404 flights from Iran to Syria since the JCPOA commenced By Emanuele Ottolenghi January 17, 2017

In January 2016, Airbus inked a deal to sell 118 planes to Iran Air, the Islamic Republic’s , and in June of that year, Boeing announced it had reached a deal for the sale of 100 aircraft as well. In September, the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued initial export licenses for both companies to deliver the jetliners. In November, Airbus received the official export license and just this week delivered its first plane to Iran Air.

Treasury designated Iran Air on June 23, 2011 for “providing material support and services to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL).” MODAFL is itself designated under Executive Order 13382 for its proliferation activities. Treasury also stated that “commercial Iran Air flights have been used to transport missile or rocket components to Syria.”1

“Iran Air has shipped military-related equipment on behalf of the IRGC since 2006,” the Treasury statement said, adding, that it has “shipped aircraft-related raw materials to a MODAFL-associated company, including titanium sheets, which have dual-use military applications and can be used in support of advanced weapons programs.” It also stated that “rockets or missiles have been transported via Iran Air passenger aircraft, and IRGC officers occasionally take control over Iran Air flights carrying special IRGC-related cargo. The IRGC is also known to disguise and manifest such shipments as medicine and generic spare parts, and IRGC officers have discouraged Iran Air pilots from inspecting potentially dangerous IRGC-related cargo being carried aboard a commercial Iran Air aircraft, including to Syria.”2

The Foundation for Defense of Democracies has tracked flights on Iran’s resupply route to the Syrian regime,3 and has written extensively about the risks of selling additional planes to Iran.4

1. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release, “Fact Sheet: Treasury Sanctions Major Iranian Commercial Entities,” June 23, 2011. (https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1217.aspx) 2. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release, “Fact Sheet: Treasury Sanctions Major Iranian Commercial Entities,” June 23, 2011. (https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1217.aspx) 3. @eottolenghi, Twitter, accessed January 13, 2017. (https://twitter.com/eottolenghi/media) 4. Emanuele Ottolenghi, “The Iran-Boeing Deal: Rewards and Risks,”Foundation for Defense of Democracies, June 17, 2016. (http://www. defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/emanuele-ottolenghi-the-iran-boeing-deal-rewards-and-risks/)

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 1 As the chart below shows, Iran Air has not ceased its illicit activities. It continues to ply the resupply route to Syria, ferrying weapons and militants to the Assad regime, a designated State Sponsor of Terrorism5 that has killed hundreds of thousands of people in the nearly six years of the Syrian civil war.

Since the implementation of the Iran nuclear deal a year ago, Mahan Air has operated at least 185 flights to Syria, and Iran Air has flown 93. Mahan Air is designated by Treasury for “providing financial, material and technological support to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force.”6

Iran Air, however, was removed from the Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list on January 16, 2016 as part of the nuclear deal.7 At the time, State Department spokesman John Kirby said: “I’m not at liberty to go into the reasons behind the fact that it was removed from the SDN list.”8 The airline was designated in 2011 under a non- proliferation Executive Order (13382), but as the evidence shows, its de-listing last year was not a consequence of a change in its behavior. It should now be designated for its continued terrorism activities.

Over the past year, Cham Wings Airlines, a Syrian-based airline, has been steadily increasing its flights from to . In 2015, Treasury designated its chairman Issam Shammout and his other airline Sky Blue Bird Aviation for procuring aircrafts and parts for Mahan Air.9 Cham Wings Airlines has been listed on the Commerce Department’s Entity List since 2011 and was designated by Treasury on December 23, 2016, under Executive Order 13582 for its material, financial, and technological support to the government of Syria and its U.S.-sanctioned Syrian Arab Airlines.10

Iran Air has a fleet of about 36 planes, though it is not clear whether it will decommission these aircraft. The airline could, for example, use its existing planes for illicit activities while the new ones will be used for commercial routes. This raises questions about what Iran Air will do with its current fleet, and – with no clear need for three times the number of its current fleet – with the Boeing and Airbus planes if the deals move forward. Will Iran Air sell, lease, or otherwise provide the excess planes to the other Iranian airlines? Like Mahan Air, the two other Iranian airlines (Yas Air, a.k.a. , and Aban Air) remain designated by the U.S. government for illicit activity.

Beyond the new aircraft, there are other troubling issue with these deals. Annex 2 of the JCPOA specifies that “the United States commits to allow for the sale of commercial passenger aircraft and related parts and services to Iran … provided that licensed items and services are used exclusively for commercial passenger aviation.”11 This will provide support not only for the planes in the deal, but also for Iran’s current aircraft as well. If Iran is committed to continuing to use its existing planes for illicit activities, this provision will prolong their shelf life considerably.

5. U.S. Department of State, “State Sponsors of Terrorism,” accessed January 13, 2017. (https://www.state.gov/j/ct/list/c14151.htm) 6. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release, “Treasury Designates Iranian Commercial Airline Linked to Iran’s Support for Terrorism,” October 12, 2011. (https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1322.aspx) 7. U.S. Department of the Treasury, “JCPOA-related Designation Removals, JCPOA Designation Updates, Foreign Sanctions Evaders Removals, NS-ISA List Removals; 13599 List Changes,” January 16, 2016. (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC- Enforcement/Pages/updated_names.aspx) 8. Pete Kasperowicz, “State Dept.: Trust us on Iran-Boeing deal,” The Washington Examiner, June 23, 2016. (http://www.washingtonexaminer. com/state-dept.-trust-us-on-iran-boeing-deal/article/2594767) 9. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release, “Treasury Department Targets Those Involved in Iranian Scheme to Purchase Airplanes,” May 21, 2015. (https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl10061.aspx) 10. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release, “Treasury Sanctions Additional Individuals and Entities in Response to Continuing Violence in Syria,” December 23, 2016. (https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0690.aspx) 11. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Vienna, July 14, 2015, Annex II – Sanctions-related commitments. (https://www.state.gov/ documents/organization/245320.pdf)

2 FDD’s Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance The Treasury Department designated Pouya Air in August 2014 for “acting for or on behalf of the IRGC-QF.”12 Specifically, it was found to be “transporting illicit cargo, including weapons, to Iran’s clients in the Levant.” Pouya Air remains designated as of January 2017.13 Using a publically available real-time flight tracking service, the chart below records at least 404 flights from Iran to Syria by Iran Air, Mahan Air, Pouya Air, Cham Wings, and the Iranian Air Force from July 14, 2015 – when the JCPOA commenced – to December 16, 2016. This chart does not include all flights, as Iran Air uses deceptive practices such as turning off its tracking signals and concealing routes. Other flights were simply not tracked. Summary of data

• In total, Iran Air, Mahan Air, Pouya Air, Cham Wings Airlines, and the Iranian Air Force operated at least 404 flights from Iran to Syria since the Iran nuclear deal was adopted on July 14, 2015. At least 103 of these were Iran Air flights. • Since January 16, 2016, JCPOA Implementation Day, Mahan Air has flown at least 185 flights from Iran to Syria, and Iran Air operated 93 flights from Iran to Syria. • Since the JCPOA was announced, at least 211 flights were flown from Tehran to Damascus. Of these, 194 have occurred since Implementation Day. • Since the JCPOA was announced, there have been at least two flights from Tehran to the Syrian regime’s coastal stronghold of Latakia, which also hosts a Russian air base. • Since the JCPOA was announced, at least 99 flights were flown from Abadan, Iran, which serves as a logistical hub for the Revolutionary Guard’s airlifts to Syria. Of these, 58 have occurred since Implementation Day. • Since the JCPOA was announced, at least two flights were flown from Yazd, Iran to Damascus or elsewhere in Syria, as well as one from Tabriz and three from Kermanshah.

Airline (flight number) Flight registration Departure Destination Date Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 15-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 15-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBL Tehran Damascus 13-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNO Tehran Syria 13-Dec-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 13-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MMJ Iran Syria 12-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 11-Dec-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 11-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 8-Dec-16

12. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release, “Treasury Targets Networks Linked to Iran,” August 29, 2014. (https://www.treasury.gov/ press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl2618.aspx) 13. Emanuele Ottolenghi, Annie Fixler, and Yaya J. Fanusie, “Flying Above the Radar: Sanctions Evasion in the Iranian Aviation Sector,” Foundation for Defense of Democracies, July 2016. (http://www.defenddemocracy.org/content/uploads/documents/Ottolenghi_Fixler_ Fanusie_Aviation_Sanctions_Evasion.pdf)

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 3 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNG Abadan Syria 8-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 8-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 7-Dec-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 6-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 6-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 6-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 4-Dec-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 4-Dec-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 1-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 1-Dec-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 29-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 29-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 29-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 27-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 24-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 24-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 22-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 22-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Syria 22-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 21-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Syria 20-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 20-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 17-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 17-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 15-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 15-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 15-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 13-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 10-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Syria 8-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 8-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 8-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Syria 8-Nov-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 6-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Abadan Damascus 6-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Tehran Syria 4-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Syria 3-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 3-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Syria 1-Nov-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 1-Nov-16

4 FDD’s Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 1-Nov-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Syria 30-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 30-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNO Tehran Syria 30-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Syria 30-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Syria 27-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 27-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Iran Syria 26-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Abadan Syria 25-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 25-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 25-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 23-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Abadan Syria 23-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 20-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 20-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 20-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 18-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 18-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Damascus 18-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 16-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 16-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 13-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 13-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 11-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 11-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 11-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 10-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 9-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 9-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNF Abadan Syria 9-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 6-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 6-Oct-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 4-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 4-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 4-Oct-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 2-Oct-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 29-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Kermanshah Syria 29-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Abadan Syria 29-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Syria 27-Sep-16

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 5 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNH Tehran Syria 27-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 27-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 27-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 25-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 25-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 22-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 20-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 20-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 20-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 18-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 18-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Damascus 18-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 15-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 15-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 15-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 14-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 13-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 13-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 13-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 11-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 11-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 9-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 8-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 8-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 8-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 6-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 6-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 6-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 4-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 4-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Iran Damascus 1-Sep-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 1-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 1-Sep-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 1-Sep-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 31-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 30-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 30-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 28-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 28-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Damascus 26-Aug-16

6 FDD’s Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 25-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 25-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Damascus 24-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 23-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 23-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 23-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 21-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Abadan Syria 21-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNV Abadan Syria 21-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 20-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 18-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 18-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 16-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 16-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 14-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 14-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOI Kermanshah Damascus 14-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 11-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 11-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNP Iran Damascus 10-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 9-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Syria 9-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 9-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 7-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 7-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 4-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNM Tehran Damascus 4-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Abadan Syria 4-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNM Tehran Damascus 4-Aug-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 2-Aug-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 2-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 2-Aug-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 31-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 31-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 28-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IEB Tehran Damascus 28-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNH Tehran Syria 27-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 26-Jul-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 26-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNH Tehran Damascus 26-Jul-16

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 7 Iran Air Force (IRF1571) 5-8106. Iran Damascus 25-Jul-16 Pouya Air EP-PUL Iran Syria 25-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR3485) EP-IEE Iran Syria 25-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 24-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 24-Jul-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 24-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR3485) EP-IEE Iran Syria 24-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 23-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 21-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 21-Jul-16 Iran Air Force (IRF1571) 5-8106. Tehran Syria 19-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 19-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Damascus 19-Jul-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 19-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 19-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR3485) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 17-Jul-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 17-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Abadan Syria 15-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-IBG Abadan Syria 14-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-MNP Tehran Damascus 14-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 12-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 12-Jul-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 12-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Kermanshah Damascus 10-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR3485) EP-IBG Iran Syria 9-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Damascus 7-Jul-16 Iran Air Force Boeing 747 (IRF1571) Tehran Damascus 6-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 5-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 5-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNN Tehran Syria 3-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 3-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Tehran Damascus 2-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Tehran Syria 1-Jul-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNN Tehran Syria 1-Jul-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 30-Jun-16 Mahan Air Iran Syria 30-Jun-16 Iran Air Force Boeing 747 (IRF1571) Iran Syria 30-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Syria 30-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 29-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNN Tehran Syria 29-Jun-16

8 FDD’s Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNJ Tehran Damascus 28-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 28-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Abadan Syria 27-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Abadan Damascus 26-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNN Abadan Damascus 23-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 23-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 21-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNP Tehran Syria 21-Jun-16 Pouya Air Iran Damascus 21-Jun-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 21-Jun-16 Iran Air Force Boeing 747 (IRF1571) Iran Damascus 21-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Abadan Damascus 21-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 21-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Damascus 20-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Syria 19-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNH Abadan Syria 19-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNJ Abadan Syria 18-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 16-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 14-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNJ Abadan Damascus 14-Jun-16 Pouya Air Iran Damascus 13-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 12-Jun-16 Iran Air Force Boeing 747 (IRF1571) Iran Damascus 11-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Abadan Damascus 9-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 9-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Syria 8-Jun-16 Iran Air Iran Damascus 7-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 7-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 6-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 5-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNV Iran Damascus 5-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNP Abadan Damascus 4-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNH Tehran Syria 3-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 2-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNJ Tehran Damascus 1-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Abadan Syria 1-Jun-16 Mahan Air (W51160) EP-MOQ Tehran Damascus 1-Jun-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 31-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Abadan Damascus 31-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 29-May-16

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 9 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Abadan Damascus 27-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Abadan Damascus 26-May-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 26-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNT Abadan Syria 25-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNT Tehran Damascus 24-May-16 Iran Air Tehran Damascus 24-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Damascus 23-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 22-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNF Tehran Damascus 22-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 22-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 21-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 20-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 19-May-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 19-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 17-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 17-May-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 17-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 15-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 15-May-16 Mahan Air (W51426) EP-MNJ Abadan Syria 14-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MON Tehran Damascus 14-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 13-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Damascus 12-May-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 12-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 10-May-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MMJ Abadan Damascus 9-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 8-May-16 Mahan Air (W51160) Tehran Damascus 7-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 6-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 3-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 3-May-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 1-May-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Damascus 28-Apr-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 28-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 26-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 26-Apr-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 26-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 24-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 24-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 22-Apr-16

10 FDD’s Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 19-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNT Abadan Damascus 19-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 17-Apr-16 Mahan Air (EP-W5142) EP-MNS Abadan Syria 16-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 15-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Tehran Damascus 14-Apr-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 14-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAA Tehran Damascus 12-Apr-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 12-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNX Abadan Syria 11-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNT Abadan Syria 9-Apr-16 Cham Wings Airlines (6Q562) YK-BAB Tehran Damascus 8-Apr-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 7-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNV Abadan Syria 6-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Abadan Syria 5-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MOQ Tehran Syria 3-Apr-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Syria 3-Apr-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 31-Mar-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBB Tehran Damascus 29-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 27-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Syria 22-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNO Tehran Syria 20-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 18-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNV Tehran Syria 15-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 10-Mar-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 8-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 1-Mar-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Syria 29-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNL Abadan Damascus 28-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 28-Feb-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 25-Feb-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 23-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Damascus 23-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNT Abadan Syria 21-Feb-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBD Tehran Damascus 18-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Damascus 18-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5148) EP-MNX Yazd Damascus 16-Feb-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 16-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5145) EP-MNJ Tehran Damascus 15-Feb-16 Mahan Air (IRM146) Yazd Syria 14-Feb-16

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 11 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Abadan Syria 13-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Abadan Syria 11-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Abadan Damascus 10-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNJ Abadan Damascus 9-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNN Abadan Damascus 7-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNS Abadan Syria 5-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 4-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 2-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W51162) Tabriz Damascus 1-Feb-16 Mahan Air (W5142) Tehran Syria 26-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) Tehran Syria 21-Jan-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBA Tehran Damascus 21-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) Tehran Damascus 19-Jan-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 19-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNT Abadan Syria 18-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNJ Abadan Syria 15-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Syria 14-Jan-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 14-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MNJ Abadan Syria 13-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5146) Abadan Syria 12-Jan-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Syria 12-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5146) Abadan Syria 11-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNI Abadan Syria 9-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 7-Jan-16 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 7-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 6-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W51426) EP-MNU Abadan Damascus 5-Jan-16 Iran Air (IR697) Tehran Damascus 5-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5146) Abadan Syria 3-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 2-Jan-16 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 31-Dec-15 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 31-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNI Tehran Syria 29-Dec-15 Iran Air (IR3485) Tehran Damascus 29-Dec-15 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBC Tehran Damascus 29-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 28-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5146) Abadan Syria 27-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Tehran Syria 26-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Tehran Damascus 24-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MMJ Abadan Damascus 23-Dec-15

12 FDD’s Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Abadan Damascus 22-Dec-15 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBL Tehran Damascus 22-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNQ Abadan Damascus 18-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Damascus 16-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5146) EP-MMJ Abadan Damascus 15-Dec-15 Iran Air (IR697) EP-IBG Tehran Damascus 15-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MMJ Abadan Syria 14-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNP Abadan Syria 10-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Syria 8-Dec-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNX Abadan Damascus 21-Nov-15 Mahan Air (EP-MHJ) Tehran Damascus 18-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5146) Tehran Damascus 17-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5143) Abadan Damascus 16-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNO Abadan Damascus 14-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNK Abadan Damascus 13-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNO Abadan Damascus 12-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) EP-MNK Abadan Damascus 11-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 5-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 4-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Tehran Damascus 1-Nov-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 31-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 21-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5146) Abadan Damascus 20-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5146) Abadan Latakia 19-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 16-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 15-Oct-15 Iran Air (IR697) Abadan Damascus 12-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 9-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W51162) Tehran Damascus 8-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Tehran Damascus 4-Oct-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Tehran Damascus 22-Sep-15 Mahan Air (W5142) Abadan Damascus 19-Sep-15 Mahan Air (W5146) Tehran Damascus 14-Sep-15 Mahan Air Tehran Damascus 13-Sep-15 Mahan Air (EP-MNT) Abadan Latakia 4-Sep-15

Should Boeing and Airbus sell planes to Iran Air? 13