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Redescubrimiento De Eizia Mexicana , Una Especie

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Redescubrimiento De Eizia Mexicana , Una Especie Botanical Sciences 93 (3): 679-682, 2015 NOTA BOTÁNICA DOI: 10.17129/botsci.242 a familia Rubiaceae se caracteriza REDESCUBRIMIENTO DE EIZIA MEXICANA, UNA L por la combinación de hojas sim- ples opuestas o verticiladas, estípulas ESPECIE ENDÉMICA DE LA FAMILIA RUBIACEAE interpeciolares y fl ores con ovario ín- fero y corola gamopétala (Lorence y PRESUMIBLEMENTE EXTINTA Taylor, 2012). Es la cuarta familia de plantas más grande, con aproximada- mente 13,000 especies, clasifi cadas en tres subfamilias, 40 tribus y cerca 1,2,4 2 de 620 géneros (Bremer y Eriksson, RUBÉN MARTÍNEZ-CAMILO , NAYELY MARTÍNEZ-MELÉNDEZ , 2009). Una de las tribus que se carac- MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-MELÉNDEZ2, MIGUEL ÁNGEL PÉREZ-FARRERA2 teriza por la distribución restringida de 3 sus especies al neotropico, principal- Y DAVID H. LORENCE mente a Centroamérica, es Hamelieae 1Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (Bremer y Eriksson, 2009), que inclu- (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México ye a los géneros Cosmocalyx Standl., 2Herbario Eizi Matuda, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias Deppea Cham. & Schltdl. (incluyendo y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México 3 Bellizinca Borhidi, Csapodya Bor- National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kauai, Hawaii, USA 4Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] hidi, Edithea Standl. y Schenckia K. Schum.), Eizia Standl., Hamelia Jacq., Hoffmannia Sw., Omiltemia Standl., J. Stafford (número 349), en el cerro hábito, hábitat y estado de conserva- Patima Aubl., Pinarophyllon Bran- Boquerón (cerca del volcán Tacaná) ción. Las medidas obtenidas para la degee, Plocaniophyllon Brandegee y y depositado en el Field Museum of descripción fueron realizadas en cinco Syringantha Standl. (Manss y Bremer, Natural History (número de herbario: especímenes recolectadas reciente- 2010; Martínez-Cabrera et al., 2010, 2150942; <http://fm1.fi eldmuseum. mente y en los ejemplares tipo. 2014). De estos destacan Eizia y Plo- org/vrrc>; revisado 2 de julio de caniophyllon por ser monotípicos, y 2014); sin embargo, E. mexicana es Descripción. Arbustos de hasta 5 m. los géneros Omiltemia (a partir de la endémica al volcán Tacaná y presumi- Hojas opuestas, anisófi las, ovadas a cual se segregó posteriormente Pseu- blemente extinta en campo (Lorence y elípticas, papiráceas al secarse, gla- domiltemia Borhidi [Borhidi et al., Taylor, 2012). brescentes en ambas superfi cies, ex- 2004], con dos especies) y Pinarophy- Durante los últimos siete años cepto esparcidamente pilosas en los llon, con dos especies cada una. (2007-2014) hemos estado exploran- márgenes y las nervaduras principal y Tanto Eizia como su única especie do diversos municipios de la parte secundarias, la base obtusa a aguda y (tipo), Eizia mexicana Standl., fueron sureste de la Sierra Madre de Chiapas ligeramente atenuada, el ápice agudo o descritos por Paul C. Standley (Stan- (Cacahoatán, El Porvenir, Motozin- acuminado con el acumen de 3-10 mm; dley, 1940) a partir de una recolec- tla de Mendoza, Tapachula y Unión lámina de la hoja de 4.7-11.9 × 2.5-6 ta realizada en 1938 por el botánico Juárez), buscando Eizia mexicana cm; peciolos glabros, de hasta 3.3 cm; japonés radicado en el Soconusco, en las partes medianas y altas de las nervaduras secundarias 5-8 pares, eu- Chiapas, Eizi Matuda, a quién se le montañas y particularmente en el vol- camptódromas, las axilas barbadas; dedicó el nombre del género, mien- cán Tacaná (de los 1,400 a 3,000 m estípulas anchamente triangulares, tras que el epíteto específi co alude a s.n.m.), zonas que se caracterizan por cortas, apiculadas, persistentes o cae- que se encontró en el lado mexicano la presencia de bosque mesófi lo de dizas, de 0.97-2.05 × 0.52-0.84 mm. del volcán Tacaná; es posible que tam- montaña. Después de siete décadas Infl orescencias terminales, de 7-10 × bién se encuentre en el lado de Gua- desde que fue recolectada por prime- 4-10 cm, pedunculadas (hasta 15 mm) temala, lo que no ha sido confi rmado ra vez, se encontraron poblaciones de o sésiles, ejes simples o monocasiales, aún. La única recolecta existente hasta E. mexicana durante exploraciones en a veces dicasiales, con 2(-4) ejes, cada el momento, que consta de cinco du- la ladera noroeste del Volcán Tacaná eje con 1-3 (-4) fl ores, generalmen- plicados, corresponde al material ori- (municipio de Cacahoatán), en los te 2-6 (-16) fl ores por infl orescencia, ginal. Ocasionalmente, E. mexicana límites de la Reserva de la Biosfera glabrescentes; brácteas diminutas. se ha confundido con Pseudomiltemia Volcán Tacaná, por lo cual se presenta Flores pediceladas, los pedicelos de fi lisepala (Standl.) Borhidi, como es el información sobre esta notable espe- 5.9-25 mm; hipanto 3-5 mm, obcóni- caso del espécimen recolectado por P. cie y algunos aspectos morfológicos, co, glabro; lóbulos calicinos anchos a 679 RUBÉN MARTÍNEZ-CAMILO ET AL. angostamente triangulares, de 1.5-5.2 te apical, primero loculicida, luego na, 2795 (HEM); ejido Aguacaliente, mm, en el exterior pilosos; corola hi- septicidamente en frutos totalmente aproximadamente 1.9 km al SE del pocrateriforme, roja, estivación imbri- maduros, bisulcadas, acostilladas, poblado, en los alrededores del naci- cada, de 53.3-78.9 mm, en el exterior glabrescentes; semillas 0.6-0.8 mm, miento del agua tibia, 15° 09’ 05.6’’ diminutamente pubérula por lo menos pardo o negras (Figura 1). N, 092° 08’ 41’’ O, 1,902 m s.n.m., en el 1/2 apical, el tubo de 41-56 mm, bosque mesófi lo de montaña, 30 de lóbulos de la corola, de 6-14.73 × 5.25- Especímenes revisados: México. noviembre de 2013, Manuel Martínez 6.31 mm, triangular-ovados; anteras Chiapas: Mount Tacana, 1,000 - 2,000 Meléndez y Mario C. Robles Moli- de 6.6-10.9 mm de largo; estambres 4, m s.n.m., August 1938, E. Matuda na, 2903 (HEM); ejido Aguacaliente, adnados, insertos casi en el ápice del 2403 (publicado como 2402; MICH, aproximadamente 2.9 km al SE del tubo, fi lamentos cortos, anteras dorsi- K, MEXU, TEX-LL, US); Mpio. Ca- poblado, en los alrededores del sende- fi jas; estilo largo, delgado, al menos cahoatán: ejido Aguacaliente, sobre ro El Bosque, 15° 08’ 43.2’’ N, 092° un tercio cubierto con vellos, estigma la brecha a Toquián, 15° 09’ 44.9’’ 08’ 27’’ O, 2,269 m s.n.m., bosque bífi do, elíptico, exsertos, de 1.65-3.05 N, 092° 08’ 49.8’’ O, 1,742 m s.n.m., mesófi lo de montaña, 01 de diciembre mm de largo; ovario 2-locular, óvulos bosque tropical subcaducifolio, 18 de de 2013, Manuel Martínez Meléndez y numerosos. Cápsulas ovoides, 6.4- noviembre de 2013, Manuel Martínez Mario C. Robles Molina, 2923 (HEM); 15 × 4.3-8 mm, dehiscente en la par- Meléndez y Mario C. Robles Moli- ejido Aguacaliente, sobre el sendero El Figura 1. Eizia mexicana. A) vista general de la fl or, B) fruto, C) detalle de corola, anteras y el estigma, D) detalle del largo de la corola (Manuel Martínez Meléndez y D. Jiménez López 3542, HEM, PTBG). 680 Botanical Sciences 93 (3): 679-682, 2015 REDESCUBRIMIENTO DE EIZIA MEXICANA Sisil, 15° 08’ 38.2’’ N, 092° 08’ 14.2’’ lóbulos imbricados del cáliz y corola, de la Unión Internacional para la Con- O, 2,046 m s.n.m., bosque mesófi lo el número de lóculos en el ovario de servación de la Naturaleza (González- de montaña, 13 de diciembre de 2013, la fl or, los frutos en cápsulas con de- Espinosa et al., 2011; IUCN, 2013). Manuel Martínez Meléndez y Derio hiscencia loculicida y los estambres Debido a la conversión de bosques a A. Jiménez López, 3256 (HEM); ejido adnados a la base del tubo de la co- cafetales y a la alta tasa de defores- Aguacaliente, en los alrededores del rola, aunque esta característica no es tación y fragmentación en la región sendero de Las Tazas, al SE del pobla- compartida por Eizia. Por las carac- (Challenger et al., 2010), además de do La Línea, 15° 08’ 53.4’’ N, 092° 08’ terísticas de la fl or, habito y hábitat, la distribución tan reducida de la es- 17.9’’ O, 2209 m s.n.m., bosque mesó- es posible que pueda confundirse con pecie y a sus requerimientos de hábitat fi lo de montaña, 17 de enero de 2014, P. fi lisepala, de la cual se distingue en buen estado de conservación, esta Manuel Martínez Meléndez y Derio A. fácilmente por el tamaño de los lóbu- especie reúne las condiciones para su Jiménez López, 3542 (HEM). los del cáliz (grandes vs reducidos en inclusión en los listados de especies E. mexicana), el tamaño de la corola amenazadas. Tal como se encuentran Se ha encontrado en áreas de ca- (3.6-4 vs 5.3-8 cm), el color de la co- otras especies de rubiáceas para las que ñada de bosque tropical subcaduci- rola (amarilla-anaranjada vs roja). Ei- se observa una distribución geográfi ca folio y bosque mesófi lo de montaña. zia mexicana es fácilmente separada más amplia, como Balmea stormiae La amplitud altitudinal en donde se del resto de las especies que confor- Martínez, Omiltemia longipes Standl., ha localizado es desde los 1,700 a los man la tribu Hamelieae por el tamaño P. fi lisepala y Pinarophyllon fl avum 2,200 m s.n.m. Algunos de los árboles y color de la fl or, así como por el pun- Brandegee. dominantes que se asocian con esta es- to de adnación de los fi lamentos a la Las localidades de E. mexicana re- pecie son: Amphitecna montana L.O.
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