DOCSLIB.ORG

A Sociolinguistic Survey of Humla Tibetan in Northwest Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Sociolinguistic Survey of Humla Tibetan in Northwest Nepal DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2020-013 A Sociolinguistic Survey of Humla Tibetan in Northwest Nepal Klaas de Vries A Sociolinguistic Survey of Humla Tibetan in Northwest Nepal Klaas de Vries SIL International® 2020 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2020-013, Month 2020 © 2020 SIL International® All rights reserved Data and materials collected by researchers in an era before documentation of permission was standardized may be included in this publication. SIL makes diligent efforts to identify and acknowledge sources and to obtain appropriate permissions wherever possible, acting in good faith and on the best information available at the time of publication. Abstract The Humla Tibetan language [hut], spoken in the far northwest of Nepal, has received little scholarly attention. This report presents the results of sociolinguistic research conducted among the Tibetan- speaking communities in Humla District. The main goal of this research is to describe the primary dialect areas and investigate the relationships between them. Other goals are investigation of the ethnolinguistic identity, assessment of language vitality, and understanding of the desires for development of the communities. In 2012 and 2013, three fieldwork trips were undertaken for data collection. During these trips seven sociolinguistic tools were used. These were wordlists, informal interviews, knowledgeable insider questionnaires, Recorded Story Questions, observation schedule, and two participatory method tools, namely Dialect Mapping and Appreciative Inquiry. This research found that the different speech varieties among the Tibetan-speaking villages of Humla District should be seen as dialects of the same language. Four dialects are identified, namely: the Limi dialect (Til, Halji, and Jang), the Upper Humla dialect (from Yari to Yalbang), the Lower Humla dialect (from Kermi to Kholsi to Tanggin), and the Eastern Humla dialect (from Burangse to Dojam). Attitudes towards the Limi dialect are the most positive. The intelligibility of the Limi dialect has the widest reach geographically. Most indicators show some cohesiveness among all the Tibetan speakers in Humla, but not strong. The language proficiency and vitality is high, and the EGIDS level is correctly documented in the Ethnologue as being 6a (Vigorous). People seem interested in the possibility of learning to read and write their own language. The data suggests that it would be especially important to develop two products when creating oral materials. The two dialects that would be most helpful for this are the Limi dialect and the Eastern Humla dialect. However, it may be possible to develop one written standard that most people will be able to understand well. More research and discussion is needed. 1सारांश नेपालको सदु ूर उ�र–प��ममा बो�लने ह�ु ली �त�बती भाषा (hut) मा कमै मात्रामाशै�क्षक �यानगेको पु छ। यस प्र�तवेदनमा ह �ु ल ा �ज� लाको �त�बती भाषा बो�लने समदायमाु संचा�लत भा�षक–सामा�जक अनस�धानु बाट प्रा� पिरणामह셂 प्र�ततु गिरएका छन्। यस अनस�धानकोु प्रमखु ल�य �वशेष भा�षक क्षेत्रह셂को प्रार��भक �थानको बारेमा बयान셍 गनु तथा �तनीह셂 बीचको स�ब�धह셂बारे खोजी गन셍 ु हो। अ�य ल�यह셂 जनजातीय भा�षक प�हचानको अ�वेषण गन�, भा�षक सजीवता जा�नेँ तथा समदायह셂कोु �बकासका आकांक्षाह셂बारे जानकारी �लनेन हु ्। सन् २०१२ र २०१३ मा त�याङ्कंकलनका स ला�ग तीनवटा �फ�蕍–भ्रमणह셂 (�ट्रप) स�प� गिरएका �थए। यी �ट्रपह셂का अवसरह셂मा सातवटामा�जक सा —भा�षक औजारह셂 प्रयोगमा �याइएका �थए। यी औजारह셂, श�दसूचीह셂, अनौपचािरक अ�तवा셍ता셍ह셂, ज्ञानवध셍क �भत्रका प्र�नावलीह셂, टेपमा भिरएका कथाका प्र�नह셂, पय셍वेक्षण ता�लका तथा दइटाु सहभागीमूलक तिरकाका औजारह셂 अथा셍त �थान�वशेषको भाषाको न�शाङ्कन तथा सराहनीय सोधपछह셂ु �थए। यस अनस�धानमाु य�तो पाइयो �क ह�ु ला �ज� लाका �त�बती भाषा बो�ने गाउँह셂का फरक फरक बोलीह셂का �क�समह셂लाई एउटै भाषाका �थान�वशेषको बोलीको 셁पमा हेिरनपछ셍।ु प�हचान गिरएका �थान �वशेषका बोलीह셂, अथा셍त �लमीको बोली (�तल्, हा�जी र जाङ्ग), उ प � ल ो ह �ु ल ा को बोली (यारीदे�ख यालबाङ्गस�म), त � ल ो ह �ु ल ा को बोली (केम�बाट खो�सी र ताङ्गगीनस�म), तथा पूव� ह�ु लाको बोली (बराङ्गसेबाटु दोजामस�म) हनु ्। �लमी बोली तफ셍को झु काव (मनोब��)ृ सबभ�दा सकारा�मक छ। �लमी बोलीको बोधग�यताको भौगो�लक पहचुँ सबभ�दा फरा�कलो छ अथा셍त यसको पहचलेुँ धेरै ठाउँ ओगटेको छ। धेरै पिरसूचकह셂ले ह�ु लाका सबै �त�बती बो�नेह셂 बीचमा कु नै �क�समको स�ब�ध भएको तर �य�त ब�लयो नभएको देखाउँछ। भा�षक प्रवीणता तथा सजीवता उ� छ र Ethnologue मा EGIDS तह ६क (भीषण) भएको कु रा यथाथ셍셁पमा उ � लख े गिरएको छ। �यहाकाँ मा�नसह셂को आ�नो भाषामा ले�न र प襍न �स�ने अ�भ셁ची भएको दे�ख�छ। अ�या�धक सं�याका मा�नसह셂लाई दइवटाु �वकास पिरयोजनाह셂द्वारासेवा � पु याउन ु स�क�छ। भाषा �बकास काय셍क्रम �ल�खत सामग्रीह셂 र साक्षारताद्वारा셁 शु गन� प्रयास गन셍 स�क�छ। �यस अव�थास�म प�नकाु ला�ग समदायह셂द्वाराु �वकासको मौ�खक 셁पलाई ग्रहण गन�छन्। यी कु राह셂ले समदायह셂कोु �ह�जे लेखन काय셍को �वकास गन� आकांक्षाह셂लाई सश� पान셍 र साक्षारता काय셍क्रम भा�षकतथा बहु �शक्षा प्रयास셁 शु गन셍 स�छ। *Nepali translation of abstract by Krishna Rana Preface When I arrived in Nepal for the first time in March 2008, I could not have imagined the journey that was ahead of me. As a cultural anthropology student, I had experience in rural Guatemala and rainforest West-Papua, Indonesia. Nepal offered a totally different experience again. I decided to try to come back to live and work here. Now, six years later, I have had the opportunity to conduct research among the Humla Tibetan communities in western Nepal. This sociolinguistic survey of the Humla Tibetan varieties of western Nepal was conducted in close partnership with the language documentation research that is being done by David Greninger. The data collection portion of this survey was carried out in June and October of 2012 and in June 2013 in Humla District of Nepal. The purpose of the survey is to provide more detailed information regarding the linguistic and sociolinguistic relationships among the Humla Tibetan communities, in order to support the language development and cultural preservation efforts of Humla Tibetans and provide information to the broader academic community. I trust that this report accurately reflects the data we collected. However, any comments and suggestions are welcomed. I greatly appreciate the many people who contributed to the completion of this language survey. With encouragement and direction from David Greninger, we were able to prepare well for fieldwork, and during fieldwork, David’s participation was invaluable. John Eppele has been the key consultant in thinking through the research methodology and planning for the fieldwork. He also joined the team on the second trip and helped out with administering most of the tools. My colleague Stephanie Eichentopf was a great mentor during our first trip, showing me how to handle the many different situations encountered during fieldwork and encouraging me through eliciting my first wordlist and doing my first informal interview. My other colleagues, Holly Hilty and Jessica Mitchell, also helped in preparing me for fieldwork, editing my report writing and cheering me on along the way. Special thanks goes to Nurpu Bhote, who was with us during two field trips and whose contacts and experience in Humla were key to successful completion of our data collection. He not only knew the right persons to contact in all the villages, he also led most of the Participatory Methods tools and helped out with translation and communication when that was needed. Similarly, Than Bahadur Rawat from Simikot has been an amazing guide during the field trips; he administered some Participatory Methods tools and also helped out with translation and communication. Pasang Dolker Lama played a key role as language assistant during the third field trip. Of course, the most thanks go to the Humla Tibetan people whom we met during our visits. I thank you for your hospitality, your willingness to sit through long interviews or wordlists, and your positive attitude towards us people from the outside, who asked strange questions. I hope this report will contribute greatly to your efforts for language development and that it may help you to be even more proud of your language and culture. Ultimately, that is why I wrote this report. March 2014 Klaas H. de Vries Kathmandu, Nepal 3प्रा� थ न जब म सन् २००८ मा नेपालमा प�हलो पटक आएको �थए,ँ �यस बखत मैले मेरो आगामी यात्रा क�तो�छ हु होला भनेर क�पनास�म प�न गन셍 सकेको �थइन। एउटा सां�कृ �तक मानवशा�त्री �वद्याथ�को 셁पमाग मसँ �वाटेमाला, प��मी पपवाु र इ�डोने�शयाको अनभवु �थयो। नेपालमा मैले पूण셍셁पले फरक �क�समको अनभवु पाए।ँ मैले यहा ँ फक�र आएर ब�े र काम गन셍 को�शष गन� �नण셍य गरे।ं अ�हले ६ बष셍 प�छ प��म नेपालको ह�ु ला �त�बती समदायु ह셂को अनस�धानु संचालन गन� अवसर पाएको छु। प��म नेपालको ह�ु ला �त�बती समदायकोु यस सामा�जक—भा�षक सव�क्षण डे�वडग्रे�नङ्गरद्वारा गिरएको भा�षक अनस�धानकोु द�ताबेजको �नकटतम स�पक셍मा रहेर संचालन गिरएको �थयो। यस सव�क्षणको त�याङ्कंकलन स अंश चा�हं सन् २०१२ को जून र अ�टोवरमा र जून २०१३ मा नेपालको ह�ु ला �ज� लामा संचालन गिरएको �थयो। यस सव�क्षणको उद्दे�य ह �ु ल ा �त�बतीह셂को भा�षक �वकास तथा सां�कृ �तक संरक्षणलाई टेवा �दन तथाशै�क्षक समदायलाईु � य ा पक जानकारी �दनका ला�ग ह�ु ला �त�बती समदायह셂कोु भा�षक तथा सामा�जक—भा�षक स�ब�धह셂बारे अ셁 �ब�ततृ जानकारी �दन ु हो। मलाई �व�ास छ �क यस प्र�तवेदनले हामीलेंकलन स गरेको त�याङ्कको यथाथ셍 प्र�त�व�वगछ셍 । जे होस्, कु नै प�न �टका— �ट�पणी र सझावह셂लाईु �वागत गिर�छ। म यस भा�षक सव�क्षण स�प� गन셍 योगदान �दनहु नेु सम�त महानभावह셂माु आभार �य� गन셍 चाह�छु। डे�वड ग ��नङ्गरको हौसला तथा �नद�शनले हाम्रो �फ�डको कामको तयारी गन셍 हामी सक्षम भयौं र �फ�डवक셍को समयमा डे�वडको सहभा�गता अमू�य �थयो। सारा अनस�धानु पद्व�तको �बचार गन� �फ�डवक셍को योजना �नमा셍ण स�ब�धमा जोन ए��पली प्रमखु परामश셍दाता हनु भएकोछ।ु दोश्रो यात्रामा उहाँ प�न सहभागी हनु ु भयो र अ�धकतम औजारह셂को
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 2 Language Use in Nepal
    CHAPTER 2 LANGUAGE USE IN NEPAL Yogendra P. Yadava* Abstract This chapter aims to analyse the use of languages as mother tongues and second lan- guages in Nepal on the basis of data from the 2011 census, using tables, maps, and figures and providing explanations for certain facts following sociolinguistic insights. The findings of this chapter are presented in five sections. Section 1 shows the impor- tance of language enumeration in censuses and also Nepal’s linguistic diversity due to historical and typological reasons. Section 2 shows that the number of mother tongues have increased considerably from 92 (Census 2001) to 123 in the census of 2011 due to democratic movements and ensuing linguistic awareness among Nepalese people since 1990. These mother tongues (except Kusunda) belong to four language families: Indo- European, Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian, while Kusunda is a language isolate. They have been categorised into two main groups: major and minor. The major group consists of 19 mother tongues spoken by almost 96 % of the total population, while the minor group is made up of the remaining 104 plus languages spoken by about 4% of Nepal’s total population. Nepali, highly concentrated in the Hills, but unevenly distributed in other parts of the country, accounts for the largest number of speakers (44.64%). Several cross-border, foreign and recently migrated languages have also been reported in Nepal. Section 3 briefly deals with the factors (such as sex, rural/ urban areas, ethnicity, age, literacy etc.) that interact with language. Section 4 shows that according to the census of 2011, the majority of Nepal’s population (59%) speak only one language while the remaining 41% speak at least a second language.
    [Show full text]
  • Pro-Poor Tourism Case Study from Humla District, West
    48 6. Appendices 6.1 Data on tourist numbers in Humla Table A1 Number of trekking permits issued16 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 28 209 191 462 404 558 949 595 Table A2 Nationality of tourists registering at Simikot Police Station 1996-2000 (top ten nationalities account for 97% of visitors ) % of total tourists SN Country over 4 years 1 Germany 27.13 2 Australia/Austria 13.65 3 Switzerland 11.61 4 USA 11.45 5 France 9.36 6 UK 7.76 7 Italy 5.12 8 Spain 2.64 9 Netherlands 2.20 10 Japan 1.65 16 Source: Paudyal & Sharma 2000 49 6.2 Background information on SNV’s programmes in Humla preceding the DPP sustainable tourism programme 1985-1992 A Trail and Bridge Building Project was run to improve infrastructure in the Karnali Zone because this was seen to be a pre-requisite for developing the area generally. The project completed a total of 21 bridges, 2 trails and 10 drinking water schemes covering several Karnali Zone districts. In Humla, work on trails, 7 bridges, and several drinking water projects were completed. On the Simikot - Hilsa trail a suspension bridge crossing the Karnali River at Yalbang and a section of trail called ‘Salli-Salla’ were constructed. 1993 – September 1999 The Karnali Local Development Programme was run to further develop infrastructural improvements and to integrate these with social development by building capacity at community and local NGO levels. The district level activities included • District Development Committee (DDC) (i.e. local government) capacity building in participatory planning; • Improvement of intra-district infrastructure; and • Support of NGOs committed to work in the Karnali Zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study of Kailash Sacred Landscape
    Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation Initiative Feasability Assessment Report - Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal June 2010 Contributors, Advisors, Consultants Core group contributors • Chaudhary, Ram P., Professor, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University; National Coordinator, KSLCI-Nepal • Shrestha, Krishna K., Head, Central Department of Botany • Jha, Pramod K., Professor, Central Department of Botany • Bhatta, Kuber P., Consultant, Kailash Sacred Landscape Project, Nepal Contributors • Acharya, M., Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC) • Bajracharya, B., International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) • Basnet, G., Independent Consultant, Environmental Anthropologist • Basnet, T., Tribhuvan University • Belbase, N., Legal expert • Bhatta, S., Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation • Bhusal, Y. R. Secretary, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Das, A. N., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Ghimire, S. K., Tribhuvan University • Joshi, S. P., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Khanal, S., Independent Contributor • Maharjan, R., Department of Forest • Paudel, K. C., Department of Plant Resources • Rajbhandari, K.R., Expert, Plant Biodiversity • Rimal, S., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Sah, R.N., Department of Forest • Sharma, K., Department of Hydrology • Shrestha, S. M., Department of Forest • Siwakoti, M., Tribhuvan University • Upadhyaya, M.P., National Agricultural Research Council
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
    SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Accident Records of Nepalese Registered Helicopters
    Accident Records of Nepalese Registered Helicopters Date of A/C Reg. S.N. Type of A/C Operator/Owner Place of Accident Fatality Survival Remarks Accident No. 1 27/12/1979 9N RAE Allutte-III VVIP Langtang 6 0 2 27/04/1993 9N ACK Bell-206 Himalayan Helicopter Langtang 0 Closed operation 3 24/01/1996 9N ADM MI-17 Nepal Airways Sotang 0 3 Closed operation 4 30/09/1997 9N AEC AS-350 Karnali Air Thupten Choling 1 4 Closed operation 5 13/12/1997 9N ADT MI-17 Gorkha Airlines Kalikot 0 Closed operation 6 04/01/1998 9N RAL Bell-206 VVIP Flight Dipayal 7 24/10/1998 9N ACY AS-350B Asian Airlines Mul Khark 3 0 Closed operation Lisunkhu, 8 30/04/1999 9N AEJ AS-350BA Karnali Air 0 Closed operation Sindhupalchowk 9 31/05/1999 9N ADI AS-350B2 Manakamana Airways Ramechhap 0 Closed operation Renamed as Shree 10 11/09/2001 9N ADK MI-17 Air Ananya Mimi 0 5 Airlines 11 12/11/2001 9N AFP AS-350B Fishtail Air Rara Lake, Mugu 4 2 12 12/05/2002 9N AGE AS 350B2 Karnali Air Makalu Base Camp 0 1 Closed operation 13 30/09/2002 9N ACU MI-17 (MI8-MTV) Asian Airlines Sholumkhumbu* 0 None Closed operation 14 28/05/2003 9N ADP MI-17 IV Simrik Air Everest Base Camp 2 6 15 04/01/2005 9N AGG AS-350BA Air Dynasty Heli Service Thhose VDC, Ramechhap 3 None 16 02/06/2005 9N ADN MI-17 Shree Airlines Everest Base Camp.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges to Health Care Access in Maoist Nepal Kimber Haddix Mckay
    Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 23 Number 2 Himalaya; The Journal of the Association Article 8 for Nepal and Himalayan Studies 2003 Challenges to Health Care Access in Maoist Nepal Kimber Haddix McKay Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation McKay, Kimber Haddix (2003) "Challenges to Health Care Access in Maoist Nepal," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 23: No. 2, Article 8. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol23/iss2/8 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KIMBER HADDIX McKAY Challenges to Health Care Access in M aoist Nepal This paper describes cha llenges to the health care system in Humla District of Northwestern Ne pal , and describes the ways in which deli ve ry of heallh care and developmenL of the h e~ lth care system have been ~ d ve r s el y im pacted by the on-going 1vlaoist revo lution. The 1vlaoists maintain a heavy presence in this part ol th e country and have imposed limits upon develop­ ment projects and the movement of village rs in and out of the ir villages. This has had a sig­ nificant impact on the ability of Nepali and non-Ne pali organizati ons to improve the health care system in this part of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Series Change Requests Report
    ISO 639-3 Change Requests Series 2007 Summary of Outcomes Joan Spanne (SIL International), ISO 639-3 Registrar, 15 January 2008 Summary of requested changes There were 258 requests considered, recommending 404 explicit changes in the code set. Ten of the requests are still pending. The 247 requests that have been decided have been fully approved, entailing 383 explicit changes in the code set. The 10 requests still pending will be reported in an addendum to this report. The 383 explicit changes can be analyzed as follows: • Retirements: 75 o 7 non-existent languages; o 3 duplicate languages (treated separately from merges of sub-varieties); o 41 merged languages; o 24 split languages, resulting in 71 new language code elements (net gain of 47). • Completely new languages: 59 newly created languages not previously associated with another language in the code set. • Updates: 178 o 151 name updates, either change to a name form or addition of a name form; o 20 denotation updates of languages into which other varieties were merged; o 3 macrolanguage group updates (one spread across two requests, as two updates); o 2 new macrolanguage groups (existing individual languages changed in scope to macrolanguages); o 1 change in language type (which will in the future be handled outside the formal review process, as this is non-normative, supplementary information). Retirements from other than split of a language code element Change Reference Retirement Request Identifier Retirement Remedy Outcome Name Reason number 2007-003 akn Amikoana Non-existent Adopted 2007-004 paj Ipeka-Tapuia Merge Merge into [kpc] Adopted 2007-006 cru Carútana Merge Merge into [bwi] Adopted 2007-009 bxt Buxinhua Duplicate Duplicate of [bgk] Bit Adopted 2007-020 gen Geman Deng Duplicate Duplicate of Miju-Mishmi [mxj] Adopted 2007-021 dat Darang Deng Duplicate Duplicate of Digaro Mishmi [mhu] Adopted 2007-024 wre Ware Non-existent Adopted 2007-033 szk Sizaki Merge Merge into Ikizu [ikz] Adopted 2007-037 ywm Wumeng Yi Merge Merge into [ywu] Wusa Yi, renamed Adopted Wumeng Nasu (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • ZSL National Red List of Nepal's Birds Volume 5
    The Status of Nepal's Birds: The National Red List Series Volume 5 Published by: The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK Copyright: ©Zoological Society of London and Contributors 2016. All Rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-0-900881-75-6 Citation: Inskipp C., Baral H. S., Phuyal S., Bhatt T. R., Khatiwada M., Inskipp, T, Khatiwada A., Gurung S., Singh P. B., Murray L., Poudyal L. and Amin R. (2016) The status of Nepal's Birds: The national red list series. Zoological Society of London, UK. Keywords: Nepal, biodiversity, threatened species, conservation, birds, Red List. Front Cover Back Cover Otus bakkamoena Aceros nipalensis A pair of Collared Scops Owls; owls are A pair of Rufous-necked Hornbills; species highly threatened especially by persecution Hodgson first described for science Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson and sadly now extinct in Nepal. Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of any participating organizations. Notes on front and back cover design: The watercolours reproduced on the covers and within this book are taken from the notebooks of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation
    Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation Karnali Province Government Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation Karnali Province Government Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Copyright: © 2020 Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of Ministry of Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal Editors: Krishna Prasad Acharya, PhD and Prakash K. Paudel, PhD Technical Team: Achyut Tiwari, PhD, Jiban Poudel, PhD, Kiran Thapa Magar, Yogendra Poudel, Sher Bahadur Shrestha, Rajendra Basukala, Sher Bahadur Rokaya, Himalaya Saud, Niraj Shrestha, Tejendra Rawal Production Editors: Prakash Basnet and Anju Chaudhary Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Acharya, K. P., Paudel, P. K. (2020). Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation. Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal Cover photograph: Tibetan wild ass in Limi valley © Tashi R. Ghale Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, Karnali province, people-wildlife nexus, biodiversity profile Editors’ Note Gyau Khola Valley, Upper Humla © Geraldine Werhahn This book “Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation”, is prepared to consolidate existing knowledge about the state of biodiversity in Karnali province. The book presents interrelated dynamics of society, physical environment, flora and fauna that have implications for biodiversity conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonology and Fieldwork in Nepal: Problems and Potentials KRISTINE A
    Phonology and fieldwork in Nepal: Problems and potentials KRISTINE A. HILDEBRANDT Linguistics and English Language/The University of Manchester 1. INTRODUCTION One goal of this paper is to highlight some contributions that continued analysis of prosodic properties (specifically, tone and consonant phonations) of Sino- Tibetan (and Indo-European) languages spoken in Nepal can make towards a number of domains of linguistic inquiry, including: phonological theory, prosodic typology, models of contact-induced language change, approaches to sound change in a more general sense, models of sociolinguistic (socio-phonetic) variation, and also psycholinguistic aspects of tonal production and perception. Another goal here is to discuss the methodological and analytical challenges that fieldwork of this nature in Nepal presents to such contributions. Hopeful outcomes of this account include increasingly flexible and creative approaches to phonetic data collection as well as collaborative interaction on methods of data collection in these types of field settings, such that the findings are meaningful to broader domains of theory, typology and socio-linguistic research. 2. PROSODIC SYSTEMS OF NEPALESE LANGUAGES: ISSUES AND CONTRIBUTIONS Peter Ladefoged notes that phonetic description begins only once the phonological system of the language has been determined (1994: 13). With respect to the prosodic systems of Nepalese languages, it is in fact the case that the complexity of such systems cannot be fully appreciated until the phonetic details have been better understood, both in terms of category compositions and variation across speech communities and potential paths for change. A word on the definition of terms like ‘prosody and ‘prosodic typology’ in this account is in order first.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study from the Perspectives of Shared Innovation
    SUBGROUPING OF NISOIC (YI) LANGUAGES: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SHARED INNOVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION by ZIWO QIU-FUYUAN LAMA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2012 Copyright © by Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan Lama 2012 All Rights Reserved To my parents: Qiumo Rico and Omu Woniemo Who have always wanted me to stay nearby, but they have also wished me to go my own way! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation could not have happened without the help of many people; I own much gratitude to these people and I would take this moment to express my heartfelt thanks to them. First, I wish to express my deep thanks to my supervisor, Professor Jerold A Edmondson, whose guidance, encouragement, and support from the beginning to the final page of this dissertation. His direction showed me the pathway of the writing of this dissertation, especially, while working on chapter of phylogenetic study of this dissertation, he pointed out the way to me. Secondly, I would like to thank my other committee members: Dr. Laurel Stvan, Dr. Michael Cahill, and Dr. David Silva. I wish to thank you very much for your contribution to finishing this dissertation. Your comments and encouragement were a great help. Third, I would like to thank my language informants and other people who helped me during my field trip to China in summer 2003, particularly ZHANF Jinzhi, SU Wenliang, PU Caihong, LI Weibing, KE Fu, ZHAO Hongying, ZHOU Decai, SHI Zhengdong, ZI Wenqing, and ZUO Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Karnali Province Tourism Master Plan 2076/77 - 2085/86 BS (2020/21-2029/30)
    Karnali Province Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Karnali Province Tourism Master Plan 2076/77 - 2085/86 BS (2020/21-2029/30) January 2020 i Karnali Province Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment (MoITFE) Surkhet, Nepal, 2020 KARNALI PROVINCE TOURISM MASTER PLAN 2076/77 - 2085/086 BS (2020/21-2029/30) Technical Assistance WWF Nepal, Kathmandu Office, Nepal Consulting Services Mountain Heritage, Kathmandu, Nepal Advisors Hon. Nanda Singh Budha : Minister; Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment/Karnali Province Dr. Krishna Prasad Acharya : Secretary; Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment/Karnali Province Mr. Dhirendra Pradhan : Ex- Secretary; Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment/Karnali Province Dr. Ghana Shyam Gurung : Country Representative, WWF Nepal Mr. Santosh Mani Nepal : Senior Director, WWF Nepal Focal Persons Ms. Anju Chaudhary : MoITFE/Karnali Province Mr. Eak Raj Sigdel : WWF Nepal Planning Expert Team Members Ms. Lisa Choegyel : Senior Tourism Marketing Advisor Mr. Ram Chandra Sedai : Team Leader/Tourism Expert Dr. Roshan Sherchan : Biodiversity Expert Mr. Jailab K. Rai : Socio-Economist and Gender Specialist Er. Krishna Gautam : Environmental Engineer Mr. Harihar Neupane : Institutional and Governance Expert Mr. Yuba Raj Lama : Culture Expert Cover Photo Credit Ram C.Sedai (All, except mentioned as other's), Bharat Bandhu Thapa (Halji Gomba & Ribo Bumpa Gomba), Chhewang N. Lama (Saipal Base Camp), Dr. Deependra Rokaya (Kailash View Dwar), www.welcometorukum.org (Kham Magar), Google Search (Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, Patal Waterfall, Red Panda). ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Consultant Team would like to acknowledge following institutions and individuals for their meaningful contribution towards the formulation of Karnali Province Tourism Development Master Plan.
    [Show full text]