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A Study of Two Summer Herpetology Programs. (2012) Directed by Dr SCOTT, CATHERINE MARIE, Ph.D. Contextually Authentic Science for Young Children: A Study of Two Summer Herpetology Programs. (2012) Directed by Dr. Catherine E. Matthews. 292 pp. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, skills, and dispositions enabled for elementary school participants in two summer herpetology programs, one in North Carolina and one in Florida. An additional purpose of this study was to examine the normative scientific practices in which participants engaged and to describe how these experiences differed across each of the herpetology programs. Finally, the program structures of Herpetology and Reptiles were compared to determine how each herpetology program’s activities and methodologies impacted participants’ perceptions of authentic science. A goal of this study was to expand and broaden the understanding of how authentic science program structure impacts what is enabled for participants in terms of knowledge, skills, and dispositions gained. This study built on previous research of contextually authentic science practices (Buxton, 2006). This study was conducted and the data analyzed using an interpretative case study, mixed methods approach. Data collected included: video and audio data from classroom and field sessions, participant focus group interviews, photographs, and photo elicitation interviews. Participants’ science journals were collected and analyzed. Pre- and post-assessments and surveys were administered and analyzed for twenty-four participants, twelve participants from the Herpetology program and twelve participants from the Reptiles program. CONTEXTUALLY AUTHENTIC SCIENCE FOR YOUNG CHILDREN: A STUDY OF TWO SUMMER HERPETOLOGY PROGRAMS by Catherine Marie Scott A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2012 Approved by Committee Chair © 2012 Catherine Marie Scott APPROVAL PAGE This dissertation has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Committee Chair Committee Members Date of Acceptance by Committee Date of Final Oral Examination ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have helped in this wonderful adventure! Thank you to Rory and Nolan for your constant entertainment and patience. I know it wasn’t always easy, but your encouragement made it that much more enjoyable! I love you both! Thank you Mom and Dad for your help. I appreciate all of your support and your ability to put things into perspective. I love you! Thank you Angela, for our weekly “support” sessions on Skype. I appreciate your humor, your encouragement, and the opportunity to bounce my ideas off of you. Thank you Melony, for allowing me to vent and for encouraging me to keep going. Thanks to the girls from Ladies’ Night – our weekly gatherings were a wonderful break and a boost. I love all of you! Thank you Committee Members – Dr. Matthews, for your support and ability to put things into perspective. I look forward to our future adventures in the woods! Dr. Carlone, for pushing and challenging me beyond what I thought I could do. Dr. Richardson and Dr. Wilson, for your abilities to be my cheerleaders, while keeping me focused and on task. I know it wasn’t always an easy job! Thank you to the student teachers and graduate students who helped make the herpetology programs a success. Thank you to Terry Tomasek and Mary and Andy Ash for your time and energy. Thank you to both herpetology programs and the families that allowed me to be a part of their weeks—I could not have done it without you. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 Importance of the Study ...............................................................................5 Research Questions ......................................................................................7 Rationale for the Study ................................................................................7 Research Design ...........................................................................................9 Limitations of the Study.............................................................................10 Terms Defined ...........................................................................................11 Summary and Organization of the Dissertation .........................................14 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................15 Previous Research on Authentic Science ...................................................15 Canonical Authentic Science .........................................................15 Youth-centered Authentic Science ................................................17 Contextually Authentic Science .....................................................19 Scientific Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions .........................................23 Scientific Knowledge .....................................................................23 Process Skills .................................................................................24 Dispositions....................................................................................34 Previous Research on Scientific Practices .................................................38 Physical Tools ................................................................................41 Collecting and Capturing Organisms .............................................44 Recording Observations of Organisms ..........................................45 Collecting Specific Data ................................................................46 Previous Studies on Tool Use by Elementary Students .............................47 Authentic Science and Scientific Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions...........................................................................................49 Authentic Science and Career Aspirations ................................................50 Summary of the Review of Literature .......................................................52 III. METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................54 iv Participants .................................................................................................57 Herpetology Participants ................................................................57 Herpetology Instructors .................................................................58 Reptiles Participants.......................................................................60 Reptiles Instructor ..........................................................................60 IRB Consent ...............................................................................................61 Program Descriptions.................................................................................62 Herpetology....................................................................................62 Reptiles ..........................................................................................65 Research Design .........................................................................................67 Data Collection and Analysis.....................................................................69 Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................70 Research Procedures ..................................................................................74 Assessments and Surveys ..............................................................76 Focus Group Interviews .................................................................76 Photograph Elicitation Interviews..................................................78 Field Notes .....................................................................................79 Video Recording ............................................................................81 Audio Recording ............................................................................83 Science Journals .............................................................................84 Program Curricula ..........................................................................84 Data Collection Instruments ......................................................................85 Data Analysis .............................................................................................85 Scientific Knowledge .....................................................................87 Process Skills .................................................................................87 Dispositions....................................................................................88 Practices .........................................................................................89 Program Structure and Impact on Participant Experiences ................................................................................90 Validity ......................................................................................................91
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