TCP/IP-(18MCA45E) UNIT-I ‘A Brief History: (TCP/IP)’
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Integration of Mobile Technology Into Museum Education: a Discussion of the State of the Art Mark P
Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Theses Spring 5-2011 Integration of Mobile Technology into Museum Education: A Discussion of the State of the Art Mark P. Diemer Seton Hall University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses Recommended Citation Diemer, Mark P., "Integration of Mobile Technology into Museum Education: A Discussion of the State of the Art" (2011). Theses. 26. https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses/26 INTEGRATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY Il INTO MUSEUM EDUCATION: A DISCUSSION 1 OF THE STATE OF THE ART i 1 I by I Mark P. Diemer I A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of I Master of Arts in Museum Professions j I I Seton Hall University May 2011 I I ! 1 i I I I Copy © Mark P. Diemer, 2011. All Rights Reserved. I No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the author. Copyrights to images are owned by other copyright holders and should not be reproduced under any circumstances. TIlls document as shown is not for publication and was produced in satisfaction of thesis I requirements. I I I I ,! } ! l I; Seton Hall University Abstract Integration of Mobile Technology into Museum Education: A Discussion of the State of the Art by Mark P. Diemer 'lnesi" Advisor: Dr. Petra Chu Museum Professions Program Approval: This thesis is an attempt to examine the current state of mobile technology use in museum education programs. Mobile technology is fast becoming the communications and learning medium of choice. -
THE INGHAM COUNTY NE.WS Section 2 and Diu Ll, I Gue11h 'Lhnl'u Tl Good Hally Is 'Mnlhi!L''• Lltllll Hpitl· Wny Lo Do If You Lceep Pu Ttlng CJ',' Something Orr, Mr
' I INGHAM COUNTY Ninety-second No, 42 THE Year~ MASON, MICHIGAN. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1951 3 Sections - 20 Pagc11 Hunters Shoot FIREWORKS AND SWORD-PLAY, TOO /~ Charity Dri~e Rice Oparates a Squash Ranch Halloween Program ~Q Council Names More Birds as Leaders· Start Is Growing Bigger ··-~-· I Ralph Hall as Pressure Eases Mn~on f{lwllnlnn~ rtl'e piilllnJl "'1'11" r1rrh J'iH'> WPifl slrlllorl 19 11onwwhr••r. nrounrl !11400 into the yenrs ngn I o MIJlplnnt the dnngrl On Canvassing Monday Opening Reduces pol In Hlflfl'e 1he enmtnlllllty'~ hlg g-rHI Hnllowccn pur•! y. llUH nnrl <'OII~Iy horscplny whlclt Prcssm·e on Pheasrmts, then wrrs lhl' Halloween c11stom Chief of Police AI n meeting 'I~IC~r!ny nl~rht Red Fenthe1· Campaign Hags Show Big I ncreasc thry s.11rl that the rutnunl party B11smcss mrn nnd Yotlnl:"stcl s Is Opened Out-County G1·oup Insurance Proglfllll flnH' hPCil showing- KlgnA of pctci have r•cnchcrl an implleri agree Tu Haisc Local Quotas Fcwcr huntc1s, mole buds rng- rml, Tlw flrrll:"rnrn outhnorl Jnr ment lhnt Halloween fun wlll be May Be Offered Employeoa and Ideal weather marked the this yr1n Hlinulrl 1 cvivc it In n big' cnntlnt•d to Athletic field uml lh,ll Instead of Sick Leaves wny, ·they dcclr11 cd the! o will he no sonpmg ol wln fi1 st three days of the bird sea· The pn 1ty will he IJCid the nlll'ht clows or trlrolt nncl lrel\t Rllll! son, Consc1 vat1on Officer of Wcdnnlldny, Octobc1 3t, nt Waltc1 Mutchler 1cportcd. -
Growth of the Internet
Growth of the Internet K. G. Coffman and A. M. Odlyzko AT&T Labs - Research [email protected], [email protected] Preliminary version, July 6, 2001 Abstract The Internet is the main cause of the recent explosion of activity in optical fiber telecommunica- tions. The high growth rates observed on the Internet, and the popular perception that growth rates were even higher, led to an upsurge in research, development, and investment in telecommunications. The telecom crash of 2000 occurred when investors realized that transmission capacity in place and under construction greatly exceeded actual traffic demand. This chapter discusses the growth of the Internet and compares it with that of other communication services. Internet traffic is growing, approximately doubling each year. There are reasonable arguments that it will continue to grow at this rate for the rest of this decade. If this happens, then in a few years, we may have a rough balance between supply and demand. Growth of the Internet K. G. Coffman and A. M. Odlyzko AT&T Labs - Research [email protected], [email protected] 1. Introduction Optical fiber communications was initially developed for the voice phone system. The feverish level of activity that we have experienced since the late 1990s, though, was caused primarily by the rapidly rising demand for Internet connectivity. The Internet has been growing at unprecedented rates. Moreover, because it is versatile and penetrates deeply into the economy, it is affecting all of society, and therefore has attracted inordinate amounts of public attention. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the current state of knowledge about the growth rates of the Internet, with special attention paid to the implications for fiber optic transmission. -
1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes Rfcs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M
Network Working Group S. Romano Request for Comments: 1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes RFCs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M. Recker 923, 900, 870, 820, 790, 776, 770, 762, SRI-NIC 758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349 August 1989 Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93 INTERNET NUMBERS Status of this Memo This memo is an official status report on the network numbers and the autonomous system numbers used in the Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Introduction This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently assigned network numbers and gateway autonomous systems. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case current information can be obtained from Hostmaster at the DDN Network Information Center (NIC). Hostmaster DDN Network Information Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: 1-800-235-3155 Network mail: [email protected] Most of the protocols used in the Internet are documented in the RFC series of notes. Some of the items listed are undocumented. Further information on protocols can be found in the memo "Official Internet Protocols" [40]. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the "DDN Protocol Handbook" [17] prepared by the NIC. Other collections of older or obsolete protocols are contained in the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" [18], or in the "ARPANET Protocol Transition Handbook" [19]. For further information on ordering the complete 1985 DDN Protocol Handbook, contact the Hostmaster. Also, the Internet Activities Board (IAB) publishes the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" [52], which describes the state of standardization of protocols used in the Internet. -
ABSTRACT Title of Document: ROBOTICS and the FUTURE OF
ABSTRACT Title of Document: ROBOTICS AND THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL ASYMMETRIC WARFARE Nicholas Grossman, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Directed By: Professor George Quester, Department of Government and Politics In the post-Cold War world, the world's most powerful states have cooperated or avoided conflict with each other, easily defeated smaller state governments, engaged in protracted conflicts against insurgencies and resistance networks, and lost civilians to terrorist attacks. This dissertation explores various explanations for this pattern, proposing that some non-state networks adapt to major international transitions more quickly than bureaucratic states. Networks have taken advantage of the information technology revolution to enhance their capabilities, but states have begun to adjust, producing robotic systems with the potential to grant them an advantage in asymmetric warfare. ROBOTICS AND THE FUTURE OF ASYMMETRIC WARFARE By Nicholas Grossman Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor George Quester, Chair Professor Paul Huth Professor Shibley Telhami Professor Piotr Swistak Professor William Nolte Professor Keith Olson © Copyright by Nicholas Grossman 2013 Dedication To Marc and Tracy Grossman, who made this all possible, and to Alyssa Prorok, who made it all worth it. ii Acknowledgements Thank you to my dissertation committee for all the advice and support, Anne Marie Clark and Cissy Roberts for making everything run smoothly, Jacob Aronson and Rabih Helou for the comments and encouragement, Alyssa Prorok for invaluable help, and especially to George Quester for years of mentorship. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems -
Remarks on the Anniversary of the Merit Computer Network
Remarks on the Anniversary of the Merit Computer Network James J. Duderstadt President Emeritus and University Professor of Science and Engineering Ann Arbor November 16, 2006 2 Introduction Happy 40th Anniversary!!! • It is an honor to be able to participate in this celebration and well-deserved recognition of the extraordinary impact Merit has had on our state, the nation, and, indeed, the world. • • It is also great to see so many of those responsible for its achievements present…and still ticking! • • Actually, I arrived at Michigan about the same time that Merit was launched, and my career has been not only heavily influenced by at times interwoven with Merit’s. • • Hence, I thought it might be appropriate to take a quick nostalgia trip through these years, commenting on various aspects of Merit’s history from a personal perspective as a user, occasional defender, and strong admirer of the Merit Network. • • Before dredging up what my failing memory has to offer, let me stay in the present mode for just a moment to mention an experience I had just last week. Salzburg Seminar • Just arrived back from Salzburg, where I led a week long session of 45 higher education leaders from 25 nations and all five continents on a discussion of the changing needs and nature of higher education in the face of o rapidly changing demographics o globalization o and the knowledge economy • Whether in developed nations in Europe, Asia, or North America or in developing nations elsewhere, there is a growing recognition of two imperatives o “massification” of teriary education o lifelong learning 3 • And everywhere there is also a recognition that the scaffolding for this effort will be provided by cyberinfrastructure–or as the rest of the world calls it, ICT–information and communications technology. -
Features of the Internet History the Norwegian Contribution to the Development PAAL SPILLING and YNGVAR LUNDH
Features of the Internet history The Norwegian contribution to the development PAAL SPILLING AND YNGVAR LUNDH This article provides a short historical and personal view on the development of packet-switching, computer communications and Internet technology, from its inception around 1969 until the full- fledged Internet became operational in 1983. In the early 1990s, the internet backbone at that time, the National Science Foundation network – NSFNET, was opened up for commercial purposes. At that time there were already several operators providing commercial services outside the internet. This presentation is based on the authors’ participation during parts of the development and on literature Paal Spilling is studies. This provides a setting in which the Norwegian participation and contribution may be better professor at the understood. Department of informatics, Univ. of Oslo and University 1 Introduction Defense (DOD). It is uncertain when DoD really Graduate Center The concept of computer networking started in the standardized on the entire protocol suite built around at Kjeller early 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- TCP/IP, since for several years they also followed the ogy (MIT) with the vision of an “On-line community ISO standards track. of people”. Computers should facilitate communica- tions between people and be a support for human The development of the Internet, as we know it today, decision processes. In 1961 an MIT PhD thesis by went through three phases. The first one was the Leonard Kleinrock introduced some of the earliest research and development phase, sponsored and theoretical results on queuing networks. Around the supervised by ARPA. Research groups that actively same time a series of Rand Corporation papers, contributed to the development process and many mainly authored by Paul Baran, sketched a hypotheti- who explored its potential for resource sharing were cal system for communication while under attack that permitted to connect to and use the network. -
History of the Internet San Antonio Public Library
Minnesota State University, Mankato Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato Communication Government Documents Display Clearinghouse 2007 History of the Internet San Antonio Public Library Follow this and additional works at: http://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/lib-services-govdoc-display- communication Part of the Collection Development and Management Commons, and the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation San Antonio Public Library, "History of the Internet" (2007). Communication. Book 1. http://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/lib-services-govdoc-display-communication/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Government Documents Display Clearinghouse at Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication by an authorized administrator of Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. History of the Internet Introduction Perhaps one of the greatest inventions of our time is the Internet. Without a doubt, the net has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives. The formation of the Internet has changed the way we do business, communicate, entertain, retrieve information, and even educate ourselves. Nevertheless, the Internet might not have ever materialized if it had not been for some innovative thinkers from the Advanced Research Project Agency, who created "ARPANET." In collaboration with several educational and research institutions, the agency created the packet- switching technologies that form the basis of the Internet today. The Internet Timeline display illustrates a chronology of notable events that led to the Internet's creation and concludes with the thirtieth anniversary of the ARPANET experiment. -
The Evolution of Internet Evidence 1
Name: Sam Kavande Rocha Enrollment: 2777582 Nombre del curso: Name of professor: Information technologies Tania Zertuche Module: Activity: 1 Evidence 1 Date: 8 / September / 2015 References: The evolution of Internet Evidence 1 1 Table of contents: Introduction Page 2 Topic explanation Page 2 to 3 Conclusions Page 4 Bibliography Page 5 references 2 Introduction: The Internet is evolving. The majority of end-users perceive this evolution in the form of changes and updates to the software and networked applications that they are familiar with, or with the arrival of entirely new applications that change the way they communicate, do business, entertain themselves, and so on. Evolution is a constant feature throughout the network Topic explanation: The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, Great Britain, and France. The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network systems, including the development of the ARPANET (which would become the first network to use the Internet Protocol.) The first message was sent over the ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, NPL network, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telnet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of communications protocols. Donald Davies was the first to put theory into practice by 3 designing a packet-switched network at the National Physics Laboratory in the UK, the first of its kind in the world and the cornerstone for UK research for almost two decades. -
The Internet Is a Worldwide System of Interconnected Computer Networks That Use the TCP/IP Set of Network Protocols to Reach Billions of Users
WHAT IS THE INTERNET ? The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter- linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony. The Internet is a large group of computers that are connected to each other. The Internet is used to send information quickly between computers around the world. It has millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks and websites, which together carry many different kinds of information (facts and details) and services. So in other words, the Internet is a network of networks. The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that use the TCP/IP set of network protocols to reach billions of users. The Internet began as a U.S Department of Defense network to link scientists and university professors around the world. A network of networks, today, the Internet serves as a global data communications system that links millions of private, public, academic and business networks via an international telecommunications backbone that consists of various electronic and optical networking technologies. Decentralized by design, no one owns the Internet and it has no central governing authority. -
We Do, How We Do It, and for Whom. a Portrait of the Maryland
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 355 966 IR 054 527 TITLE The Maryland State Library Network: Who We Are, What We Do, How We Do It, and for Whom. A Portrait of the Network. INSTITUTION Maryland State Dept. of Education, Baltimore. Div. of Library Development and Services.; Maryland State Library Network Coordinating Council. PUB DATE Nov 90 NOTE 50p. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Libraries; *Access to Information; Databases; Delivery Systems; Elementary Secondary Education; Higher Education; Interlibrary Loans; *Library Networks; Library Services; Online Catalogs; Public Libraries; School Libraries; Shared Library Resources; Special Libraries; *State Libraries; State Programs IDENTIFIERS *Maryland State Library Network; Vendors ABSTRACT The Maryland State Library Network exists to provide Maryland residents with rapid, easy access to information, materials, and services from any available information source. The network comprises a variety of formal and informal programs and activities; and it is supported by state, federal, and some local funds. The network facilitates interlibrary loan and other forms of resource sharing among Maryland libraries of all types. There are more than 450 member libraries, including academic, public, school, and special libraries. Services are provided by telephone, electronically, in person, by physical delivery, through protocols and policies, and by knowledgeable staff. This report describes the following items: (1) the State Library Network; (2) agent institutions;(3)