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The Longicorn Beetles of Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part I - Black Sea Region

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The Longicorn Beetles of Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part I - Black Sea Region _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ 179 THE LONGICORN BEETLES OF TURKEY (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) PART I - BLACK SEA REGION Hüseyin Özdikmen* * Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE. E- mail: [email protected] [Özdikmen, H. 2007. The Longicorn Beetles of Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part I - Black Sea Region. Munis Entomology & Zoology 2 (2): 179-422] ABSTRACT: The paper gives faunistical, nomenclatural, taxonomical and zoogeographical review with new faunistical records of the longicorn beetles of Black Sea Region in Turkey. KEY WORDS: Cerambycidae, Fauna, Nomenclature, Zoogeography, Taxonomy, Black Sea Region, Turkey. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 182 COVERED GEOLOGICAL AREA OF THE PRESENT WORK 183 ARRANGEMENT OF INFORMATION 184 CLASSIFICATION 186 PRIONINAE 187 ERGATINI 187 Ergates Serville, 1832 187 MACROTOMINI 187 Prinobius Mulsant, 1842 187 Rhaesus Motschulsky, 1875 188 AEGOSOMATINI 189 Aegosoma Serville, 1832 189 PRIONINI 189 Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 189 LEPTURINAE 190 XYLOSTEINI 190 Xylosteus Plavilstshikov, 1936 190 Leptorhabdium Kraatz, 1879 191 OXYMIRINI 191 Oxymirus Mulsant, 1862 191 RHAMNUSIINI 192 Rhamnusium Latreille, 1829 192 RHAGIINI 192 Rhagium Fabricius, 1775 192 Stenocorus Geoffroy, 1762 196 Anisorus Mulsant, 1862 197 Brachyta Fairmaire, 1864 198 Acmaeops LeConte, 1850 198 Dinoptera Mulsant, 1863 198 Cortodera Mulsant, 1863 199 Grammoptera Serville, 1835 203 Fallacia Mulsant et Rey, 1863 204 LEPTURINI 205 Alosterna Mulsant, 1863 205 Vadonia Mulsant, 1863 206 Pseudovadonia Lobanov, Danilevsky et Murzin, 1981 208 Anoplodera Mulsant, 1839 210 Stictoleptura Casey, 1924 211 Paracorymbia Miroshnikov, 1998 215 Anastrangalia Casey, 1924 217 Pedostrangalia Sokolov, 1896 219 Etorufus Matsushita, 1933 220 180 _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ Judolia Mulsant, 1863 221 Pachytodes Pic, 1891 221 Leptura Linnaeus, 1758 224 Solaia Sama, 2003 225 Strangalia Serville, 1835 225 Rutpela Nakane et Ohbayashi, 1959 226 Stenurella Villiers, 1974 227 NECYDALINAE 233 NECYDALINI 233 Necydalis Linnaeus, 1758 233 ASEMINAE 234 SAPHANINI 234 Drymochares Mulsant, 1847 234 ASEMINI 235 Asemum Eschscholtz, 1830 235 Arhopalus Serville, 1834 235 Tetropium Kirby, 1837 237 SPONDYLIDINAE 238 SPONDYLIDINI 238 Spondylis Fabricius, 1775 238 APATOPHYSEINAE 239 APATOPHYSEINI 239 Apatophysis Chevrolat, 1860 239 CERAMBYCINAE 239 HESPEROPHANINI 239 Trichoferus Wollaston, 1854 239 Stromatium Serville, 1834 240 CERAMBYCINI 241 Cerambyx Linnaeus, 1758 241 ROSALIINI 244 Rosalia Serville, 1833 244 PURPURICENINI 245 Purpuricenus Dejean, 1821 245 Calchaenesthes Kraatz, 1863 248 CALLICHROMATINI 248 Aromia Serville, 1833 248 GRACILIINI 250 Penichroa Stephens, 1839 250 Hybometopia Ganglbauer, 1889 250 OBRIINI 251 Obrium Dejean, 1821 251 MOLORCHINI 251 Molorchus Fabricius, 1792 251 Glaphyra Newman, 1840 252 STENOPTERINI 254 Stenopterus Illiger, 1804 254 Callimellum Strand, 1928 255 Lampropterus Mulsant, 1863 256 Callimoxys Kraatz, 1863 257 CERTALLINI 257 Certallum Dejean, 1821 257 DEILINI 259 Deilus Serville, 1834 259 HYLOTRUPINI 259 Hylotrupes Serville, 1834 259 CALLIDIINI 261 Ropalopus Mulsant, 1839 261 Leioderes Redtenbacher, 1849 262 Semanotus Mulsant, 1839 263 Callidium Fabricius, 1775 263 Pyrrhidium Fairmaire, 1864 264 Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839 264 Melasmetus Reitter, 1913 265 Poecilium Fairmaire, 1864 266 _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ 181 ANAGLYPTINI 267 Paraclytus Bates, 1884 267 Anaglyptus Mulsant, 1839 267 CLYTINI 269 Plagionotus Mulsant, 1842 269 Neoplagionotus Kasatkin, 2005 270 Paraplagionotus Kasatkin, 2005 271 Isotomus Mulsant, 1862 273 Chlorophorus Chevrolat, 1863 273 Xylotrechus Chevrolat, 1860 279 Pseudosphegesthes Reitter, 1912 281 Clytus Laicharting, 1784 281 LAMIINAE 285 PARMENINI 285 Parmena Dejean, 1821 285 Parmenopsis Ganglbauer, 1882 286 MESOSINI 286 Mesosa Latreille, 1829 286 MONOCHAMINI 287 Monochamus Dejean, 1821 287 LAMIINI 289 Lamia Fabricius, 1775 289 Morimus Brullé, 1832 289 DORCADIINI 292 Dorcadion Dalman, 1817 292 APODASYINI 312 Anaesthetis Dejean, 1835 312 POGONOCHERINI 313 Pogonocherus Dejean, 1821 313 ACANTHODERINI 316 Aegomorphus Haldeman, 1847 316 ACANTHOCININI 316 Acanthocinus Dejean, 1821 316 Leiopus Serville, 1835 318 Exocentrus Dejean, 1835 319 TETROPINI 320 Tetrops Stephens, 1829 320 SAPERDINI 321 Saperda Fabricius, 1775 321 Stenostola Dejean, 1835 324 PHYTOECIINI 324 Oberea Dejean, 1835 324 Oxylia Mulsant, 1863 327 Mallosia Mulsant, 1863 329 Pilemia Fairmaire, 1864 330 Coptosia Fairmaire, 1864 330 Cardoria Mulsant, 1862 331 Helladia Fairmaire, 1864 331 Musaria Thomson, 1864 334 Neomusaria Plavilstshikov, 1928 336 Phytoecia Dejean, 1835 336 Opsilia Mulsant, 1862 342 Blepisanis Pascoe, 1866 344 HIPPOPSINI 344 Calamobius Guérin, 1846 344 AGAPANTHIINI 345 Theophilea Pic, 1895 345 Agapanthia Serville, 1835 346 Agapanthiola Ganglbauer, 1900 354 ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS 354 CONCLUSIONS 361 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 377 LITERATURE CITED 378 APPENDIX 387 182 _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ INTRODUCTION Works on Turkish longicorn beetles began in late 19th century. Especially since the last century, they were increased as chiefly faunistic and taxonomic works. Recently, they continue with an increased speed. Knowledge about Turkish longicorn beetles, however, is far from satisfaction. The planned work on this subject is also absent. Nevertheless, it can be mentioned as a planned work that Gianfranco Sama (Italy) stated considering to prepare a series study titled “Atlas of the Cerambycidae of Europe and the Mediterranean Area” into five volumes. First volume included Northern, Western, Central and Eastern Europe and published by Sama in 2002. Sama (2002) said that he had planned to evaluate Southern Europe including also European Turkey in fourth volume and East Mediterranean including also Asian Turkey (= Anatolia) in fifth volume. Unfortunately, even second volume has not been published yet. On the other hand, Lodos (1998) gave a simple list of Turkish Cerambycidae species in his editorial book titled “Türkiye Entomolojisi VI”. However, this list includes numerous mistakes and far from being a representative work of Turkish Cerambycidae fauna. In any work, the recorded information has not also been reviwed yet. Besides even information related faunistical composition of Turkey has not been determined yet. This scattered information can be obtained from cited references. Clearly, there is no any work on Turkish Cerambycidae related the whole territories of Turkey or regions of Turkey (see belove for regions in Turkey) at the present. Previous works were either short notes on short- lived expeditions or about at most a province and its environment. Also, works including description of new taxons are sometimes encountered. As opposed to this, European fauna has almost been investigated entirely as mentioned in Sama (2002) and Russian fauna has also been given mainly in Danilevsky (2005a). As known, Turkey that has continental properties, is origin of many taxons and is a refigium (an area where conditions have enabled a species or a community of species to survive after extinction in surrounding areas) for effected living creatures from geological and climatical changes has more biological importance than any land in the World. As seen the whole World, an incredible variations have also been seen among the insects which are the most influenced living creatures from these changes occurred in the past in Turkey. For the present, fauna of Turkey completely has not been investigated yet. Since Turkey appears a continental property changeable in very short distances in terms of climatical features and field structures, besides the number of studies are not enough. Hence, a series work is planned that is aim to expose to Turkish Cerambycidae fauna as possible as detailed and entirely by beginning from Black Sea Region. The present study is attempted as the first step of this aim. Black Sea Region will be evaluated into three parts as Western _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ 183 Black Sea, Central Black Sea and Eastern Black Sea Parts with regard to some interesting properties. Distribution of species in Turkey has not been determined yet. Therefore, understanding of zoogeography of Turkey is seen far from any evaluation now. According to Refugial Theory that is supported by improving of Reining (1968), Northern species in the glacial period were placed refigial areas in South. In this period, two extensive arboreal refigiums were present. The first one was North-West Anatolia that called “Paphlagonicus Refigium” (= Western Black Sea Region) and the latter one was Irano-Tranian depression in South of Caspian Sea. The terrestrial connection between them interrupted except a narrow land near Sinop province due to Central Anatolia covered with a large lake. Finally, with the wishes to useful for entomologists studying on Turkish fauna, longicorn beetles of Black Sea Region are evaluated and interpreted with respect to nomenclatural, taxonomical, faunistical and zoogeographical with new faunistical records at this first work. COVERED GEOLOGICAL AREA OF THE PRESENT WORK The research area of the present work covers Black Sea Region. As see belove, the Black Sea Region has three parts. 1. Western Black Sea Region including seven provinces as Düzce, Bolu, Zonguldak, Bartın, Karabük, Kastamonu and Sinop bordered by Marmara Region in the West, Central
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