Electronic Journal of Ichthyology November, 2007 2: 35-45

THE IDENTITY OF SINENSIS LA CEPÈDE, 1803, WITH THE DES- IGNATION OF A NEOTYPE (TELEOSTEI: ) AND NOTES ON THE IDENTITY OF T. FULVIDRACO (RICHARDSON, 1845)

Heok Hee Ng1, Maurice Kottelat2

1 Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, 6 Science Drive 2 #03-01, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546. Email: [email protected] 2Case Postale 57, Cornol, CH-2952, Switzerland. Email: [email protected]

Submitted: September, 3 2007 Accepted October, 21 2007

Abstract: The identity of Tachysurus sinensis, a species previously thought to be an East Asian ariid, but now believed to be a bagrid, is fixed with the designation of a neotype. The neotype designation is necessary because of previous misapplications of the name and the ambiguity surrounding the identity of the species, the description of which was based on a Chinese painting. The neotype designation results in Tachysurus being a subjective senior synonym of . The evidence that what is currently recognized as T. fulvidraco consists of at least two species is briefly discussed, with the name T. sinensis restricted to the species found in northern China and T. fulvidraco for the species found in southern China.

Keywords: - Ostariophysi - Siluriformes - East Asia

Introduction sinensis to fix the identity of the species and The generic name Tachysurus La Cepède, the , as well as redescribe the species. 1803 (type species Tachysurus sinensis La The neotype for T. sinensis is a specimen Cepède, 1803, by monotypy), has been used from northern China previously identified as intermittently over the last 100 years for Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson, ariid (e.g. Eigenmann & Eigen- 1845), a species described from southern mann, 1890; Fowler, 1932; Jayaram & China. We present and discuss evidence Dhanze, 1978); in fact it was more com- herein that the northern and southern Chi- monly used than Arius until 1981 (Wheeler nese populations of material previously & Baddokwaya, 1981). In many of these identified as P. fulvidraco represent distinct works, Tachysurus is considered a senior species. synonym of Arius Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840. The identity of Tachy- Materials and Methods surus sinensis has not been established with Measurements were made point to point certainty, but Wheeler & Baddokwaya with dial calipers and data recorded to tenths (1981) discuss evidence that it is not an of a millimeter. Counts and measurements ariid. Since then, Tachysurus sinensis has were made on the left side of specimens remained incerta sedis (Ferraris, 2007), al- whenever possible. Subunits of the head are though it has been provisionally assigned to presented as proportions of head length the Bagridae in recent literature (Kailola, (HL). Head length and measurements of 2004). body parts are given as proportions of stan- We provide evidence here that Tachysu- dard length (SL). Measurements follow rus sinensis is a species of Pseudobagrus those of Ng & Dodson (1999), except for Bleeker, 1859, designate a neotype for T. vertebral counts, where counts are given as

35 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis abdominal (open hemal arches) + caudal tutional abbreviations follow Eschmeyer (closed hemal arches). Asterisks after meris- (1998). tic counts indicate values for neotype. Insti-

Figure 1. Tachysurus sinensis, neotype, USNM 336888, 114.4 mm SL. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views.

36 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Tachysurus sinensis La Cepède, 1803: 305 (type Diagnosis. Tachysurus sinensis is distin- locality: China) guished from all congeners (except T. (?) Silurus calvarius Basilewsky, 1855: 241, Pl. 9 Figure 1 (type locality: running and stagnant wa- fulvidraco) in having a combination of brown ters of Gulf of Tschili [=Bohai Sea], China) elongate rectangular blotches on a light brown (?) Pseudobagrus wittenburgii Popta, 1911: 335 body, a moderately forked caudal fin, serra- (type locality: Amur River at Blagoveshchensk tions on the anterior and posterior edges of the [=Blagovescensk], Russia) pectoral spines. It differs from T. fulvidraco in Neotype. USNM 336888, 114.4 mm SL; having a slenderer caudal peduncle (7.3–9.6% China: Beijing, Huairou County, Huairou SL vs. 9.5–10.9), shorter snout (29.8–32.2% Reservoir, approximately 2 km NE of ob- HL vs. 32.2–37.5) and steeper predorsal pro- servatory, 40°19'00"N 116°37'31"E; L. R. file that is slightly convex (vs. gentler-sloping Parenti & C-G Zhang, 24 March 1995. profile that is slightly concave). Other material examined. USNM Description. Morphometric data as in Ta- 390434 (8), 35.8–185.0 mm SL; data as for ble 1. Head moderately compressed; dorsal neotype. profile slightly convex and ventral.

Table 1. Morphometric data for Tachysurus sinensis (n=9). Neotype Range Mean ±SD Standard length (mm) 114.4 35.8–185.0 %SL Predorsal length 40.4 39.3–41.0 40.2±0.76 Preanal length 64.2 63.4–67.7 64.7±1.75 Prepelvic length 52.2 51.3–54.1 52.9±1.16 Prepectoral length 24.0 24.0–27.4 25.6±1.46 Length of dorsal-fin base 12.6 11.3–15.0 12.8±1.36 Dorsal-spine length 18.9 16.9–22.4 20.1±2.22 Anal-fin length 23.3 20.5–23.8 22.7±1.29 Pelvic-fin length 14.8 13.8–17.3 15.6±1.41 Pectoral-fin length 22.4 20.9–23.8 22.1±1.28 Pectoral-spine length 18.9 18.5–21.8 19.9±1.61 Caudal-fin length 24.3 13.6–24.8 21.8±4.68 Length of adipose-fin base 19.8 15.4–19.9 17.8±2.04 Dorsal to adipose distance 15.9 12.8–17.2 15.4±1.63 Post-adipose distance 16.6 16.4–18.3 17.2±0.77 Caudal peduncle length 15.3 14.4–16.2 15.5±0.72 Caudal peduncle depth 8.8 7.3–9.6 8.6±0.69 Body depth at anus 19.7 17.4–20.4 19.0±1.30 Head length 29.9 29.5–30.9 30.4±0.64 Head width 21.1 20.8–24.4 22.4±1.29 Head depth 19.2 18.1–20.2 19.5±0.88 %HL Snout length 30.1 29.8–32.2 30.9±0.73 Interorbital distance 39.2 36.8–41.6 38.4±2.52 Eye diameter 17.3 16.1–19.5 17.8±1.27 Nasal barbel length 45.9 33.2–57.5 46.9±9.63 Maxillary barbel length 90.4 90.4–99.7 94.9±4.27 Inner mandibular barbel length 46.2 39.6–56.5 46.6±6.54 Outer mandibular barbel length 64.0 61.9–83.8 72.3±9.15

37 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis profile almost straight; snout broadly with spinelet, spine, and 7 (9) rounded when viewed dorsally. Bony ele- rays. Origin of dorsal fin anterior to mid-body, ments of dorsal surface of head covered about two-fifths of body. Dorsal fin margin with thin skin. Supraoccipital process slightly convex. Dorsal fin spine short, moderately thick, with parallel sides and straight and slender, posterior edge without notched tip; in contact with anterior nuchal serrations. Nuchal plates in form of triangle plate. Eye ovoid, horizontal axis longest, with slightly rounded sides, with pointed tip located entirely in dorsal half of head. Gill anteriorly. openings wide, extending from posttempo- Pectoral fin with stout spine, sharply ral to isthmus. pointed at tip, and 6,i (9) rays. Anterior spine Mouth subterminal. Oral teeth small and margin with 10–31 small serrations; posterior viliform, in irregular rows on all tooth- spine margin with 6–18 large serrations along bearing surfaces. Premaxillary tooth band entire length. Pectoral fin margin straight an- rounded, of equal width throughout. Den- teriorly, convex posteriorly. Cleithral process tary tooth band much narrower than pre- narrow, extending for three quarters or more maxillary tooth band at symphysis, taper- of pectoral-spine length. ing laterally. Vomerine tooth band un- Pelvic fin origin at vertical through mid- paired, continuous across midline; point of distance between base of posterior- smoothly arched along anterior margin, most dorsal-fin ray and origin of adipose-fin tapering laterally to point extending poste- base, with i,5 (9) rays and slightly convex riorly past level of premaxillary band; band margin; tip of adpressed fin not reaching anal width narrower than premaxillary band at fin origin. Anus and urogenital openings lo- midline, widening laterally and then taper- cated at vertical through middle of adpressed ing to a sharp point posterolaterally. pelvic fin. Males with a conical genital papilla Barbels in four pairs. Nasal barbel slen- just reaching base of first anal-fin ray. der, extending beyond vertical through Adipose fin with convex margin for entire posterior orbital margin. Maxillary barbel length, with deeply-incised posterior portion broad, extending to beyond base of last and origin approximately at vertical through pectoral fin-ray. Inner mandibular-barbel base of first anal-fin ray; fin-base short, span- origin close to midline; barbel thicker and ning slightly less than one-third of postdorsal longer than nasal barbel and extending for distance. Anal fin base at vertical through ori- three-quarters distance between its base gin of adipose fin, with v,14 (1), vi,14 (1), and base of pectoral spine. Outer mandibu- v,15 (2), iv,16* (4) or v,16 (1) rays and con- lar barbel originating posterolateral of in- vex posterior margin. ner mandibular barbel, extending to middle Caudal peduncle moderately deep. Caudal of pectoral-spine base. fin moderately forked, with i,7,8,i (9) princi- Body slightly compressed, becoming pal rays and rounded, broad lobes; upper lobe more so toward caudal peduncle. Dorsal slightly longer than lower. Procurrent rays ex- profile slightly convex and rising steeply tend anterior to fin base, with evenly-sloping from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin and anterior margins sloping gently ventrally from origin of dor- Coloration. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of sal fin to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral head predominantly grayish brown, ventral profile slightly convex to anal-fin base, surfaces light brown. Neurocranium and oper- then sloping slightly dorsally to end of cle grayish brown, preopercular region light caudal peduncle. Skin smooth, papillate brown in smaller individuals, fading to more throughout; papillae slightly more promi- uniform grayish brown in large individuals. nent on head and anterior third of body. Body with ventral surfaces light brown, and Lateral line complete and midlateral in po- grayish brown rectangular blotches on dorsal sition. Vertebrae 16+26 (3), 15+28 (1), and lateral surfaces. Dorsal quarter of body 16+27 (1) or 16+28 (4). with grayish brown stripe medially, extending

38 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis to base of caudal fin and notched on ven- viduals. Anal fin grayish brown. Caudal fin tral margin posterior to base of last dorsal- with grayish brown procurrent rays and gray- fin ray. Lateral surfaces of body with series ish brown stripes running medially along each of three rectangular grayish brown lobe (stripes originate at base of caudal fin). blotches arranged serially to form inter- Pectoral fins grayish brown. Pelvic fins gray- rupted band extending from posterior to ish brown, except for hyaline first and last posttemporal region caudal fin base: first rays. Nasal and maxillary barbels grayish blotch ending just posterior to base of last brown dorsally, light brown ventrally. Man- dorsal-fin ray, second blotch approxi- dibular barbels light brown. mately at level of adipose-fin base and Distribution. Tachysurus sinensis is known third blotch extending length of caudal pe- from the Yongding River drainage in northern duncle. Irregular grayish brown longitudi- China. This species may be more widely dis- nal stripe located at level of pectoral-fin tributed throughout northeastern Asia (e.g. base and extending from posterior to pec- Lee & Kim, 1990; Zhang,1995), but we defer toral-fin base to base of last anal-fin ray; a thorough examination of this problem (see stripe partially or wholly interrupted in discussion). some individuals. Adipose fin grayish brown, with dark yellow or light brown Discussion margin anterodorsally and somewhat hya- La Cepède (1803) described Tachysurus line margin posterodorsally. Dorsal fin sinensis from an illustration in a Chinese grayish brown for anterior two-thirds, rest painting deposited in the Muséum National of fin hyaline in small individuals; hyaline d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) in Paris (repro- area reduced or absent in some larger indi- duced here as Figure 2).

Figure 2. Illustration of Tachysurus sinensis in original description (La Cepède, 1803: Pl. 5 Figure 2).

39 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Although the name has been frequently overall morphology: the Sisoridae and the applied to an ariid (e.g. Rutter, 1897; Jor- Bagridae. Tachysurus sinensis is unlikely dan & Evermann, 1902; Fowler, 1929; to be a member of the Sisoridae, because Dai, 1999), there are several features of the no sisorid features (small eyes, tuberculate illustration (discussed in Wheeler & Bad- skin) are evident either in the illustration or dokwaya, 1981 and repeated below) that the description. Furthermore, no sisorid clearly indicate that T. sinensis is not an known from China possesses the color pat- ariid: (1) the fish illustrated lacks a broad, tern as illustrated and described for T. bony supraoccipital region typical of sinensis. Circumstantially, sisorid catfishes ariids; (2) the lobes of the caudal fin are are not commonly encountered, and are illustrated as being rounded (ariids typi- thus not likely to be represented in a paint- cally have sharply pointed caudal-fin ing (which would presumably be made of lobes); (3) the color pattern of irregular more common fishes). This leaves the Ba- rounded blotches on the flanks is not seen gridae, of which at least two species are in any ariid. The condition of the barbels is known to have a color pattern vaguely re- also puzzling: the fish is illustrated with sembling that of the illustration: Pseudo- three pairs of barbels, but without any bagrus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846) and maxillary barbels (which typically origi- P. nitidus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, nate at the upper lip near the rictus). The 1874. nasal barbel of the fish is unusually long Both P. fulvidraco and P. nitidus have a (reaching beyond the base of the last pec- color pattern consisting of dark rectangular toral-fin ray) and is directed ventrolaterally blotches against a light-colored body. Ex- (nasal barbels in catfishes are typically di- cept for the shape of the blotches (rectan- rected anterodorsally); it is probably the gular vs. round), such a color pattern is presence of three pairs of barbels that led very similar to that illustrated and de- earlier authors to assume that T. sinensis is scribed for T. sinensis. The illustration also an ariid (given that ariids are the only shows (inaccurately) the dark stripe run- group of catfishes known from China with ning through the lobes of the caudal fins such an overall morphology and three pairs typically found in these species. Pseudo- of barbels). We surmise that the longest bagrus fulvidraco is distinguished from P. pair of barbels drawn ventrolaterally- nitidus in having a granulated (vs. smooth) directed are the maxillary barbels, the ori- anterior edge of the pectoral spine and in gin of which is not correctly rendered in having fewer branched anal-fin rays (14– the drawing (the nasal barbels are typically 18 vs. 20–25). On the basis of these char- the shortest and smallest pair of barbels in acters, it is not possible to unambiguously catfishes, and are thus the most easily refer the illustration on which the descrip- overlooked). The original Chinese drawing tion of T. sinensis is based to either one of on which La Cepède based his description these two species given the inaccurate na- and figure is presumably still deposited in ture of the drawing discussed above. the MNHN. However, it could not be The selection of a specimen previously found (M. Desoutter and Pascale Heurtel, identified as Pseudobagrus fulvidraco as pers. comm. to MK), so we were unable to the neotype of T. sinensis implies that the obtain more information associated with latter is a senior synonym of the former. the drawing that may be useful in ascer- However, the situation is more compli- taining its identity or origin. cated than that. Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Since the weight of evidence does not (type locality: Canton [=Guangzhou], favor the interpretation that T. sinensis is China; Figure 3) is believed to be a species an ariid, we must consider the two other widely distributed throughout eastern and groups of catfishes known to have such an

40 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Figure 3. : a. Painting in Reeves collection on which original de- scription is based (after Whitehead, 1969: Pl. 1b); b. ZRC 50846, 116.7 mm SL. Lateral view. northeastern Asia (e.g. Lee & Kim, 1990; lation from southern China. There are also Zheng & Dai, 1999; Naseka & Bogut- slight but noticeable differences in color pat- skaya, 2004), but our examination of mate- tern: the northern populations possess thinner rial identified as this species from northern dark blotches (that resemble broad stripes vs. and southern China indicates that they are rectangular blotches; compare Figures. 1 and not conspecific. The populations from 3) than the southern population from near the northern China have a slenderer caudal pe- type locality. Although the mensural differ- duncle (7.3–9.6% SL vs. 9.5–10.9), shorter ences in caudal peduncle and snout length do snout (29.8–32.2% HL vs. 32.2–37.5) and not appear to be distinct, these differences are steeper predorsal profile that is slightly quite pronounced when the fish are compared convex (vs. a gentler-sloping profile that is side by side (Figures 4 and 5). Based on this slightly concave; Figure 4) than the popu- information, we recognize the existence

41 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Figure 4. Predorsal profiles of: a. Tachysurus sinensis, USNM 336888, neotype, 114. 4 mm SL; b. T. fulvidraco, ZRC 50846, 116.7 mm SL.

42 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Figure 5. Head shapes of: a. Tachysurus sinensis, USNM 336888, neotype, 114. 4 mm SL; b. T. fulvidraco, ZRC 50846, 116.7 mm SL, showing the shorter snout of the former spe- cies. of two distinct species: one (T. sinensis) have therefore chosen not to examine this from northern China (for which Silurus cal- problem in detail at this point. varius and Pseudobagrus wittenbergii are Given this uncertainty in the identity of possible synonyms) and one (T. fulvidraco) T. sinensis, and the fact that usage of the from southern China. Ideally, the popula- name for an ariid species persists even un- tions of “T. fulvidraco” from throughout til recently (e.g. Dai, 1999), it becomes East Asia should be compared to fully ascer- necessary to designate a neotype for T. tain the number of valid species: material sinensis in order to stabilize in from the Korean Peninsula reported by Lee accordance to Article 75 of the Interna- & Kim (1990) appears referable to T. sinen- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature. sis on the basis of their illustrations, but the Therefore, we use our prerogative as first morphometric values they provide broadly revisers to select USNM 336888 from overlap those of both T. sinensis and T. Huairou Reservoir, Huairou County, Bei- fulvidraco. Likewise, published morphomet- jing, China as the neotype; this specimen ric values for material from the Amur was previously identified as Pseudobagrus [=Heilongjiang] River (Zhang, 1995) and fulvidraco. The East Asian ariid often central China (Anonymous, 1976) do not identified as Tachysurus (or Arius) sinensis enable us to reasonably assign these popula- has been reidentified as either A. arenarius tions to either T. sinensis or T. fulvidraco as (Müller & Troschel, 1849) or A. arius these values also overlap those of both spe- (Hamilton, 1822) (fide Kailola, 1999; cies (although we cannot be sure that the Kailola, 2004; Wang et al., 2005). The data from these sources are based on actual neotype designation makes Tachysurus a specimens from the area covered by the subjective senior synonym of Pseudoba- works and do not include data from speci- grus; it has recently been demonstrated mens from outside of these areas). We are that there are no morphological or molecu- aware that other workers are working on a lar characters to diagnose as revision of the material identified as T. a natural group and that all East Asian ba- fulvidraco throughout its entire range, and grids previously assigned to ,

43 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Pelteobagrus and Pseudobagrus should be Jayaram, K.C. & Dhanze, J.R. (1978). reassigned to Pseudobagrus (fide Ku et al., Siluroid fishes of India, Burma and Cey- 2007; Ng & Freyhof, 2007). lon. 22. A preliminary review of the genera of the family Ariidae (Pisces: Comparative Material Siluroidea). Matsya 4: 42–51. Tachysurus fulvidraco: ZRC 50846 (3), Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. (1902). 116.7–175.7 mm SL; China: Guangdong Notes on a collection of fishes from the province, market in Shenzhen. ZRC 50847 island of Formosa. Proceedings of the (2), 65.0–83.6 mm SL; China: Guangxi United States National Museum 25: province. 315–368. Kailola, P.J. (1999). Siluriformes: Ariidae, Acknowledgments pp. 1827–1879 in K.E. Carpenter & We are grateful to Lynne Parenti V.H. Niem (eds.) The living marine re- (USNM) and Kelvin Lim (ZRC) for permis- sources of the Western Central Pacific. sion to examine material under their care, to Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and Jeremy Wright for assistance in obtaining bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Lino- Figure 2, to Martine Desoutter and Pascale phrynidae). FAO species identification Heurtel (MNHN) for assistance in trying to guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome. locate the original figure of T. sinensis, and Kailola, P.J. (2004). A phylogenetic explo- to Carl Ferraris for constructive discussions. ration of the catfish family Ariidae (Otophysi: Siluriformes). The Beagle: References Records of the Museums and Art Galler- ies of the Northern Territory, 20: 87– Anonymous (1976). Fishes of the Yangtze 166. River. Science Press, Beijing, 278 pp. [in Ku, X.Y. & Peng, Z.G. & Diogo, R. & He, Chinese]. S.P. (2007). MtDNA phylogeny pro- Basilewsky, S. (1855). Ichthyographia Chi- vides evidence of generic polyphyleti- nae Borealis. Nouveaux Mémoires de la cism for East Asian bagrid catfishes. Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Hydrobiologia 579: 147–159. Moscou 10: 215–263. La Cepède, B.G.E. (1803). Histoire Natu- Dai, D.Y. (1999). Ariidae. Pp. 184–189 in relle des Poissons. Tome 5. Plassan, X-L Chu, B-S Zheng, D-Y Dai (eds.), Paris, 803 pp. Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Siluriformes. Lee, C.L. & Kim, I.S. (1990). A taxonomic Science Press, Beijing [in Chinese]. revision of the family Bagridae (Pisces, Eigenmann, CH. & Eigenmann, R.S. (1890). Siluriformes) from Korea. Korean Jour- A revision of the South American nal of Ichthyology 2: 117–137. Nematognathi (or Cat-fishes). Occasional Naseka, A.M. & Bogutskaya, N.G. (2004). Papers of the California Academy of Sci- Contribution to taxonomy and nomen- ences 1: 1–508. clature of freshwater fishes of the Amur Eschmeyer, W.N. (1998). Catalog of Fishes. drainage area and the Far East (Pisces, California Academy of Sciences, San Osteichthyes). Zoosystematica Rossica Francisco, 2905 pp. 12: 279–290. Ferraris, C.J. (2007). Checklist of catfishes, Ng, H.H. & Dodson, J.J. (1999). Morpho- recent and fossil (Osteichthyes, Silurifor- logical and genetic descriptions of a new mes) and catalogue of siluriform primary species of catfish, Hemibagrus chrysops, types. Zootaxa 1418: 1–628. from Sarawak, East Malaysia, with an Fowler, H.W. (1929). Notes on Japanese and assessment of phylogenetic relationships Chinese fishes. Proceedings of the Acad- (Teleostei: Bagridae). The Raffles Bulle- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, tin of Zoology 47: 45–57. 81: 589–616.

44 Ng HH. Kottelat M., 2007 Identity of Tachysurus sinensis

Ng, H.H. & Freyhof, J. (2007). Pseudoba- phism (Siluriformes: Ariidae). Acta Zo- grus nubilosus, a new species of catfish ologica Sinica 51: 431–439. from central Vietnam (Teleostei: Bagri- Wheeler, A. & Baddokwaya, A. (1981). dae), with notes on the validities of The generic nomenclature of the marine Pelteobagrus and Pseudobagrus. Ichthy- catfishes usually referred to the genus ological Exploration of Freshwaters 18: Arius (Osteichthyes-Siluriformes). Jour- 9–16. nal of Natural History 15: 769–773. Popta, C.M.L. (1911). Über Fische von Whitehead, P.J.P. (1969). The Reeves col- Wladiwostok und von Blagoweschtensk a. lection of Chinese fish drawings. Bulle- Amur, gesammelt von Herrn Dr. P. v. tin of the British Museum (Natural His- Wittenburg. Jahreshefte des Vereins für tory), Historical Series 3: 193–233. vaterländische Naturkunde in Zhang, J.M. (1995). Fishes of Heilongji- Württemberg 75: 333–353. ang Province. Heilongjiang Science and Rutter, C.M. (1897). A collection of fishes Technology Publishing House, Harbin. obtained in Swatow, China , by Miss 275 pp. [in Chinese]. Adele M. Fielde. Proceedings of the Zheng, B.S. & Dai, D.Y. (1999). Bagridae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- Pp. 35–74 in X-L Chu, B.S. Zheng, D.Y. phia, 49: 56–90. Dai (eds.), Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Wang, D., Zhao Y.H. & Zhang, C.G. (2005). Siluriformes. Science Press, Beijing [in Revision of Arius arius (formerly Arius Chinese]. sinensis) in China and its sexual dimor-

======In accordance with Article 8.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, copies of the PDF file of this work have been deposited in the following publicly accessible libraries: 1. National Museum of Natural His- tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. USA; 2. Natural History Museum, London, UK; 3. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA; 4. Department of Ichthyology, Museum National d'His- toire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France; 5. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; 6. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. 7. The Gitter-Smolartz Library of Life Sciences and Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; 8. The National and university Library, Jerusalem, Israel; 9. Library of Congress, Wash- ington, D.C. USA; 10. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa; 11. The National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan; 12. The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.

45