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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85415-3 - The Great War and Medieval Memory: War, Remembrance and Medievalism in Britain and Germany, 1914-1940 Stefan Goebel Index More information Index Adenauer, Konrad: 36, 46–7 Ashton-in-Makerfield war memorial: 123 Aerial warfare: 223–9 Assmann, Jan and Aleida: 15–16 air raids: 176, 212, 227–8 Atrocities: 184, 189, 209 Blitz in the Second World War: 298 cultural atrocities: 179 Agincourt, battle of: 45, 247, 252 francs-tireurs: 179, 211 Akers-Douglas, Mrs: 57 Lusitania, sinking of: 82 Albert, Prince Consort: 79, 272 poison gas: 221 Albrecht I the Bear: 178 Audoin-Rouzeau, Ste´phane: 230 Alfred, King: 56, 222 Auxerre, St Germain: 48 All Saints: 251 Avalon: 268 All Souls: 251–4, 270 Avonmouth war memorial: 199 Allenby, Edmund, Viscount: 114–17, 121, Aylesbury war memorial: 219 131, 144 Allenstein Baker, Herbert: 1, 88, 233 Castle, war memorial at: 127, 142 [& Fig. 16] plebiscite memorial: 140 Bagdons, Friedrich: 66, 202, 215 Allied Control Council: 293 [& Figs. 9, 39] Almondbury war memorial: 182 Baldini, Giacomo: 272 Alsace-Lorraine: 146–7, 175, Ball, Albert: 227 183, 208, 225 Bathford war memorial: 91 Angels of Mons: 247–9 Battle of Britain memorial: 292 Apocalyptic images: 84–5, 246 Battlefield tourism: 124, 142, 181, see also Ragnaro¨k: 85, 284 Pilgrimages world fire: 85 Bayerischer Kriegerbund: 262 Arendt, Hannah: 295–6 Bayes, Gilbert: 124 [& Fig. 28] Arkwright, John: 197 Bayreuth festival theatre: 284 ‘O Valiant Hearts’: 221, 268 Beaconsfield war memorial: 234 Arminius: see Hermann the German Becker, Annette: 230 Armistice Day: 9, 32–5, 198, 251 Bedford Arneburg, Reich memorial at: 267 School war memorial: 222 Art Deco: 129 war memorial: 150–1 [& Fig. 32] Arthurian legend: 190–4, 224, 268–74 Beeching, Henry C.: 51 King Arthur: 34, 56, 79, 119, 192, 228, Begbie, Harold: 247 247, 292 Behn, Fritz: 98 Sir Galahad: 28, 79, 192, 222 [& Fig. 41] Bensheim, Reich memorial at: 178 Holy Grail: 28, 32, 81 Benson, A. C.: 55 Sir Lancelot: 79 Benson, E. W.: 52, 55 Sir Tristram: 79 Berka, Bad, Reich memorial at: 147 and Wales: 192–4 Berlin Arthurian revival in art: 79, 231 Army Railwaymen memorial: 167 Arts and Crafts movement: 13, 56, 59, 182 Doctors, commemoration of fallen: 284 Aschersleben, Reich memorial at: 178 International Building Exhibition: 297 346 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85415-3 - The Great War and Medieval Memory: War, Remembrance and Medievalism in Britain and Germany, 1914-1940 Stefan Goebel Index More information Index 347 Iron Hindenburg: 132, 213, 228, Brocken, Reich memorial at Mount: 264 [& Fig. 44] Brooke, Rupert: 121 Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church: 113, Bruce, Robert the: 114 297 [& Fig. 26] Brunswick war landmark: 143 Neue Wache: 148 Buerbaum, Josef: 48 [& Fig. 6] Queen Augusta Guards Grenadier Bund Deutscher Heimatschutz: 184 Regiment No. 4 memorial: 260–2 Bu¨low, Bernhard von: 210 [& Fig. 54] Bu¨ndische Jugend: 205 University war commemorations: 64, Bu¨rgerling, Franz: 107 [& Fig. 23] 86, 284 Burton-upon-Trent war memorial: 62 Bernd, Adolf: xiii [& Fig. 59] Bushaway, Bob: 4 Bernhard II (Lippe): 142–3 Busti, Agostino: 272 Bernhard, Lucian: 156 Byrhtnoth: 152 [& Fig. 33] Bessel, Richard: 294 Bestelmeyer, German: 148 Calder, Alexander: 297 Beumelburg, Werner: 203 Cambridge war memorials: 55 Biblical references: 127 King’s College: 51–2, 300 Daniel: 96 Leys School: 65, 249 [& Fig. 51] Ecclesiasticus: 29 Magdalene College: 55 Ephesians: 83 Our Lady and the English Martyrs: 88 Isaiah: 102, 117, 258 St Mary the Less: 237, 251–2 John: 259, 276 [& Fig. 47] Revelation: 93 Cambridge Camden Society: 235 Bingerbru¨ck, Bismarck National Memorial Cannadine, David: 2, 32 at: 148, 171, 217 Capital Cities at War:10 Bismarck, Otto Prince von: 146, 266 Cardiff, statues of great Welshmen at: 192 National Memorial: 148–9, 171, 217 Castles: 100–4, 168–73, 227 memorials: 54, 64, 78, 106 [& Fig. 23] [& Figs. 37–8] Bitola Totenburg: 102, 280 [& Figs. 20–1] Cavell, Edith: 197 Black Prince: 190, 199 Celtic crosses: 69, 237 Bleeker, Bernhard: 262 [& Fig. 55] Cenotaph: 22, 63, 65 Blomfield, Sir Reginald: 29, 88 [& Fig. 16] Central Council for Care of Churches: 50 Blu¨cher, Gebhard Leberecht Prince: 203 Centre Party (Zentrum): 36, 129, 144, Bodies, soldiers’: see Sleeping dead 215, 276 Boer war: see War memorials Charlemagne: 104, 108, 265 Boelcke, Oswald: 225–6 Chartier, Roger: 14 Bo¨hm, Dominikus: 74 Chatteris war memorial: 57, 196 Borkum, remembrance ceremony at: 110 Chatto & Windus publishers: 187 Bouillon, Godfrey de: 122 Chester, King’s School war memorial: 268 Bourchier, Basil: 120 Chesterton, G. K.: 18, 234 Bourke, Joanna: 269 Chichester: 239 Boxer rising: 209 Children: 39, 99, 131, 132, 196, 211, 219, memorial: 97 220, 227, see also School war Bracknell war memorial: 152 memorials Brampton war memorial: 115 [& Fig. 27] Chivalry: 230 Brantzky, Franz: 171 in British commemorations: 188–202, Bremen 268, 289–90 Roland statue: 66, 104–6 and killing: 198, 199, 200, 231; and war landmark: 54, 104–6, 161 Christianity: 199–200, 249, 272; and [& Fig. 22] civil society: 188; and gender: 195–6, war memorial chapel: 42–3, 175, 258–60 197; and irony: 194; and sports: [& Fig. 53] 219–23; in the nineteenth-century: Brentano, Clemens: 278 189, 190, 192, 198 Britten, Benjamin: 301 in German commemorations: 188, 189, British Legion: 20, 34–5, 158, 217, 283 203, 208–9, 294 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85415-3 - The Great War and Medieval Memory: War, Remembrance and Medievalism in Britain and Germany, 1914-1940 Stefan Goebel Index More information 348 Index Chivalry (cont.) Davis, W.: 70 and aerial warfare: 223–9 Deimling, Berthold von: 264 Unritterlichkeit (‘un-chivalry’): 189, Demographic history: 8 207, 209 Deutscher Ostmarkenverein: 136 Christian forms and symbols: 53, 232–54 Dick, William Reid: 270 [& Fig. 56] and Germanicism: 74, 78, 97 Dolmar, Reich memorial at Mount: 63 angels: 246–9 Donnershaugk, Reich memorial at crosses: 69, 233–42 [& Fig. 46] Mount: 78 crucifix: 182, 192, 234–7, 241 Dorrenbach, Franz: xiii [& Fig. 54] [& Fig. 47] Dortmund Eleanor crosses: 123, 239 [& Fig. 48] nude knight: 64 Pieta`: 270 heroes’ grove: 77 [& Fig. 14–15] see also Saints Hohensyburg war memorial: 177 Church of England: 21, 44, 51–2, 65, 83, [& Fig. 39] 248, 251 war landmark: 106, 202 Anglo-Catholics: 51, 83, 234–7, Weddigen memorials: 212 251–2, 289 Dorsten war memorial: 48, 104, 106 Church of Scotland: 248, 251 [& Fig. 6] Churchill, Winston: 175–6, 292 Du¨lken war memorial: 48 Clarence, Albert Victor, Duke of: 269, 272 Du¨rer, Albrecht: 64 Clark, Kenneth: 298 Du¨sseldorf: 278 Classicism: see Medievalism Benrath war memorial: 74 Clemen, Paul: 183 Kaiserswerth war memorial: 177 Clemenceau, Georges: 119 Schlageter memorial: 102 Clemons, Mr: 40 sports club war memorial: 255 Clifton College war memorial: 207 Dyce, William: 79 Colchester war memorial: 62, 101, 195 Colmar, Isenheim altar at: 183 East Friesland: 48, 69, 108–11, 241 Cologne Friesian liberty: 110, 289 [& Fig. 25] Cathedral: 36, 46–7, 148, 182 Eberhard, F. H.: xiii [& Figs. 49–50] war landmark: 53 Ebert, Friedrich: 22 Comparative history: 6–10, 25, 288, 291 Ebhardt, Bodo: 175 Comper, Ninian: 115, 235 [& Fig. 46] Ecclesiologists: 235 Constantiople, Hagia Sophia Basilica: 120 Edinburgh Castle: see Scottish National Cornwall: 192 War Memorial Coventry Cathedral: 297–301 [& Fig. 60] Edward the Confessor: 45, 56 Cross of Nails: 300 Edward I: 239 Cracow, Jagiełło memorial at: 135, 141 Edward VII: 269 Cross of Nails: 300 Edwardstone war memorial: 237 Cross of Sacrifice: 87–8, 124, 233 Egbert: 282 [& Fig. 16] Ehrenbreitstein Castle, Reich memorial at: Croydon street shrine: 233 147, 170–1, 218 Crusading images: 86–91, 100, 150, Eiermann, Egon: 297 289, 300–1 Eisenbolz, Reich memorial at: 277 Crusader’s sword: 44, 86–8, 124, 233 Eksteins, Modris: 11, 85, 110, 287, 291 Order of Crusaders: 87 El Alamein Totenburg: 295 Palestine campaign: 115–19 Eleanor of Castile: 123, 239 [& Fig. 48] see also Teutonic Order Eliot, T. S.: 10, 298 Cultural memory: see Memory Ely: 300 Curzon, George Nathaniel, Lord: 32 Cathedral, war memorial chapel at: 30, 49, 152 Dada: 215 St Mary’s church war memorial: 153 Danzig war memorial: 241 [& Fig. 33] Davidson, Randall Thomas: 251 Empire Field of Remembrance: 35 Davis, Louis: 182 Encirclement, fears of: 98–9 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85415-3 - The Great War and Medieval Memory: War, Remembrance and Medievalism in Britain and Germany, 1914-1940 Stefan Goebel Index More information Index 349 Essen war landmark: 106 Nibelungen: 36, 79, 149, 209, 276 Ethelfreda: 55 Ragnaro¨k: 85, 284 Eton College: 223 Rhinegold: 276–9 war memorials: 56, 90 Siegfried: 79, 148, 164, 212, 262, 274–5, Exhibitions of commemorative art: 32, 57, 279 [& Fig. 58] 62, 255, 257, 271–2, 297 Valhalla: 44, 122, 279–84 Expressionism: 11, 66, 128, 241 Valkyrie: 279, 280 [& Fig. 59] world fire: 85 Fatima: 248 Wotan (Odin): 79, 96, 213 Fehr, H. C.: 62, 190, 195–6 [& Fig. 40] Germanic forms and symbols: 168 Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols: 52 Findling (boulders): 73, 262 Five Sisters Window: 176 Heldenhain (heroes’ grove): 75, 81, 147, Flex, Walter: 96 170, 218 Flower, Clifford: 223 Hu¨nengrab (giant’s grave): 72 Forster, E. M.: 118 [& Fig. 13] Foucault, Michel: 17 stone circle: 69–72, 142 [& Fig. 12] Fountains Abbey: 298 Geroldseck Castle, Austro-German war France memorial at: 267 war memorials: 7–8, 234, 291 Gies, Ludwig: 241 Soldat inconnu:34,44 Gilbert, Alfred: 272 Frampton, Sir George: 200, 270 Gill, Eric: 60 [& Fig.
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    LESSON 4.2 TIMELINE June 1919 The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was signed in France in 1919. After the loss of World War I, Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting the war. Many Germans were shocked and angered over the terms of the treaty which deprived Germany of significant military power and territory, and imposed financial penalties. Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles witness the German delegation’s acceptance of the terms of the Treaty Of Versailles, the treaty formally ending World War I. Versailles, France, June 28, 1919. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda August 1919 Ratification of Weimar constitution A national assembly drafted a democratic constitution, a new and unfamiliar form of government for Germans, initiated in the wake of World War I. Fearing the unknown, the delegates agreed to the inclusion of Article 48. The article allowed the democratic government to suspend basic rights in order to stabilize the country during a national crisis or emergency. ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda February 1920 Hitler presented 25-point program In this 25-point program, Nazi Party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from “Aryan” society and to abrogate Jews’ political, legal, and civil rights. Point 4 stated: “ Only a national comrade can be a citizen. Only someone of German blood, regardless of faith, can be a citizen. Therefore, no Jew can be a citizen.” Pamphlet outlining the National Socialist Party 25-point program.
  • Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948

    Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948

    Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 By Nicole M. Eaton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Yuri Slezkine, chair Professor John Connelly Professor Victoria Bonnell Fall 2013 Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 © 2013 By Nicole M. Eaton 1 Abstract Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 by Nicole M. Eaton Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Yuri Slezkine, Chair “Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948,” looks at the history of one city in both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Russia, follow- ing the transformation of Königsberg from an East Prussian city into a Nazi German city, its destruction in the war, and its postwar rebirth as the Soviet Russian city of Kaliningrad. The city is peculiar in the history of Europe as a double exclave, first separated from Germany by the Polish Corridor, later separated from the mainland of Soviet Russia. The dissertation analyzes the ways in which each regime tried to transform the city and its inhabitants, fo- cusing on Nazi and Soviet attempts to reconfigure urban space (the physical and symbolic landscape of the city, its public areas, markets, streets, and buildings); refashion the body (through work, leisure, nutrition, and healthcare); and reconstitute the mind (through vari- ous forms of education and propaganda). Between these two urban revolutions, it tells the story of the violent encounter between them in the spring of 1945: one of the largest offen- sives of the Second World War, one of the greatest civilian exoduses in human history, and one of the most violent encounters between the Soviet army and a civilian population.