Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management to Achieve Sustainable Business and Resources © Hasrul Kokoh / WWF-Indonesia WWF-Indonesia Capture Fisheries Program

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Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management to Achieve Sustainable Business and Resources © Hasrul Kokoh / WWF-Indonesia WWF-Indonesia capture fisheries program

Highly recognized for its seafood production, Indonesia is known as one of the FACT biggest resources of wild caught fish, especially tuna and reef fish (grouper and snapper). In 2004, Catch of Tuna yellowfin tuna, has Tuna is the world’s third largest fish commodity after shrimp and groundfish. The decreased severely total global catch has grown from 2.5 million tons in 1986 to 3.7 million tons in 2003. Indonesia, at heart of the Coral Triangle is the fourth largest tuna fishing nation in the in comparison to world, following Japan, Taiwan and Spain. the previous period. In Indonesia, tuna is commercially caught by various fishing gears. The method Stable catch of is classified into two groups: with line and with net. The first group comprises drift longline, pole and line, and troll line. While the second group consisted of yellowfin tuna in the industrial purse seining (north Papua), artisanal purse seine (Aceh), and Danish seine range of 150,000- (Pelabuhan Ratu, South Java). Tuna fishery areas in Indonesia are concentrated in water bodies influenced by the Indian Ocean (West Sumatera all the way to South 160,000 ton Java, Bali and Nusa South-east) and Pacific Ocean (North Sulawesi to North of between 2001-2003, Papua, Maluku sea to south east of Sulawesi, Banda and Flores Sea). dropped dramatically Reef Fish to 100,000 ton in Grouper is a highly targeted demersal fish. They played important role in coral reefs as the ecosystem’s top predator. Grouper fishery often occurs during spawning 2004 and did not period and this threatens their stock sustainability. They can be easily caught by move from that range hook and line and bubu traps. Large sized grouper become high prized commodity. In Indonesia, grouper fishery is generally performed by artisanal fisher, where their in the following years spatial distribution and period of fishing effort is limited by the availability of fishing (Anon, 2009). gears, boat engines and fisher’s skill and knowledge.

Snapper lives in tropical and sub-tropical water. Snappers are caught by hand line, bubu trap, and several types of gill net and trawl. Large snapper have high economic values. Snapper fishery in Indonesia is conducted by traditional fishers and semi- industrial level fishery. Traditional fishers used small boat and the length of the trip could be daily or weekly. Red snapper semi industrial fishery was conducted by Tanjung Balai Karimun fishers who utilized Bottom Long Line and pancing ulur.

All the large Indonesian groupers and snappers are targeted either for local consumption or for export. While domestic demand for live reef fish in source countries is small, significantly greater quantities of grouper and snapper are freshly consumed, locally in Coral triangle countries. Sustainable reef fish is estimated able to potentially yield USD 1,221 per annum.

Threats FACT The threat to the existence of tuna, groupers, and snappers are evident. Blast fishing, over fishing, juvenile catching, bycatch, lack of fisheries regulation, absence of reliable data, and Poll and line, lack of fishermen awareness are facts showing that a sound and comprehensive fisheries management is desperately required, immediately. and purse seine

Several early successes indicates the success of reducing the threat such as: were used for - MSC Pre Assessment have been conducted to certain fisheries in several regions which Tunas that are shows the process to achieve sustainable fisheries through eco label certification has started. found near the - Sustainable fishery products has been shipped and marketed to local markets in Indonesia water surface, - Fishing transformation takes place in Wakatobi, from destructive fishing to environmental friendly fishing, which also corroborates local NGO, YARI, for sustainable empowerment in meanwhile drift the region longline was used to target tuna Our Action in deep water such as southern WWF-Indonesia Capture Fisheries program have set up a line of program aiming to achieve sustainable fisheries, which include: bluefin tuna, • Introduction and promotion of the Tuna fisheries Ecosystem Based Management (Tuna fishery-EBM) by 2012 yellowfin tuna, • Composing Better practices of Tuna and Reef Food Fish (RFF) fisheries for fishing and and albacore. handling which will also be able to drive the creation of fair business within its business chain of custody by 2013, Fish Aggregating • Widening campaign on seafood guideline to consumers (e.g. individual, restaurants, hotels, Devices (FADs) major retailers) in 5 big cities by 2009. were often used Poll and line, and purse seine were used for Tunas that are found near the water surface, by purse seiners meanwhile drift longline was used to target tuna in deep water such as southern bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna, and albacore. Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) were often used by purse or handliners. seiners or handliners.

For more information:

Imam Musthofa Abdullah Habibi Fisheries Program Leader Capture Fisheries Coordinator Phone : +62 21 576 1070 [email protected] Fax : +62 21 576 1080 [email protected]