Relevant News and Research 18B.1 the E-Cigarette Market

Relevant news and research 18B.1 The E-cigarette market

Last updated July 2021

Research: ...... 2 18B.1.1 Product development ...... 3 18B.1.2 Start- up companies ...... 4 18B.1.3 Major international companies ...... 5 18B.1.4 Lobbying for favourable regulation ...... 6 News reports: ...... 6 18B.1.1 Product development ...... 10 18B.1.2 Start-up companies ...... 11 18B.1.3 Major international companies ...... 21 18B.1.4 Lobbying for favourable regulation ...... 23

Research:

Hammond, D, Reid, JL, Burkhalter, R, O'Connor, RJ, Goniewicz, ML, Wackowski, OA et al. (2021). Trends in e-cigarette brands, devices and the nicotine profile of products used by youth in England, Canada and the USA: 2017-2019. Tob Control. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34099572 van der Eijk, Y, Tan Ping Ping, G, Ong, SE, Tan Li Xin, G, Li, D, Zhang, D et al. (2021). E-Cigarette Markets and Policy Responses in Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review. Int J Health Policy Manag. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33906338

Nyakutsikwa, B, Britton, J, Bogdanovica, I, Boobis, A, & Langley, T. (2021). Characterising vaping products in the United Kingdom: an analysis of Tobacco Products Directive notification data. Addiction. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33651418

Do, MT, McFaull, SR, Guttman, L, Ghandour, L, & Hardy, J. (2020). Strengthening surveillance of consumer products in Canada: the vaping example. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can, 40(10), 309- 313. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33064072

Ali, FRM, Diaz, MC, Vallone, D, Tynan, MA, Cordova, J, Seaman, EL et al. (2020). E-cigarette Unit Sales, by Product and Flavor Type - United States, 2014-2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(37), 1313-1318. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32941416

King, BA, Gammon, DG, Marynak, KL, & Rogers, T. Electronic Cigarette Sales in the United States, 2013-2017. JAMA, 2018. 320(13), 1379-1380. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30285167

Rigotti, NA. Monitoring the Rapidly Changing Landscape of E-Cigarettes. Ann Intern Med, Sept 2018. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30167664

Day, HR, Ambrose, BK, Schroeder, MJ, Corey, CG. Point of Sale Scanner Data for Rapid Surveillance of the E-cigarette Market. Tob Regul Sci. 2017;3(3):325-332. Rigotti, N. A. (2018). Monitoring the Rapidly Changing Landscape of E-Cigarettes. Ann Intern Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966951

Kong, G, Unger, J, Baezconde-Garbanati, L, Sussman, S. The Associations between Yelp Online Reviews and Vape Shops Closing or Remaining Open One Year Later. Tob Prev Cessat. 2017;2(Suppl). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29057379

Deville, M, Charlier, C. [Electronic cigarette : state of the science about toxicological aspects]. Rev Med Liege. 2017 Jan;72(1):20-24. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28387073

Risi, S. On the Origins of the Electronic Cigarette: British American Tobacco's Project Ariel (1962- 1967). Am J Public Health. 2017 Jul;107(7):1060-1067. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520481

Dutra, LM, Grana, R, Glantz, SA. Philip Morris research on precursors to the modern e-cigarette since 1990. Tob Control, 2016. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852893

18B.1.1 Product development

Kollati, PR, & Mohapatra, SS. (2021). The combined chemical and mechanical modifications of cigarette: a novel methodology to reduce harmful effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34247348

Gao, Y, Li, D, Ru, J, Yang, M, Lu, L, Lu, L et al (2021). A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep, 11(1), 10348. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33990647

Li, Y, Burns, AE, Tran, LN, Abellar, KA, Poindexter, M, Li, X et al (2021). Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes. Chem Res Toxicol. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33949191

Saleh, QM, Hensel, EC, Eddingsaas, N., & Robinson, RJ. (2021). Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and Initial Pod Mass on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(8). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924226

Talih, S, Salman, R, Soule, E, El-Hage, R, Karam, E, Karaoghlanian, N et al (2021). Electrical features, liquid composition and toxicant emissions from 'pod-mod'-like disposable electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33980722

Ebajemito, JK, McEwan, M, Gale, N, Camacho, OM, Hardie, G, & Proctor, CJ. (2020). A randomised controlled single-centre open-label pharmacokinetic study to examine various approaches of nicotine delivery using electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep, 10(1), 19980. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33235307

Saleh, QM, Hensel, EC, & Robinson, RJ. (2020). Method for Quantifying Variation in the Resistance of Electronic Cigarette Coils. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(21). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33114291

Breheny, D, Thorne, D, Baxter, A, Bozhilova, S, Jaunky, T, Santopietro, S et al. (2020). The in vitro assessment of a novel vaping technology. Toxicol Rep, 7, 1145-1156. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983902

Gholap, VV, Kosmider, L, Golshahi, L, & Halquist, MS. (2020). Nicotine forms: Why and how do they matter in nicotine delivery from electronic cigarettes? Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842785

Allem, JP, Majmundar, A, Dharmapuri, L, Unger, JB, & Cruz, TB. (2019). Insights on electronic cigarette products from reviews on the Reddit forum. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 5, 29. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411892

Blank, MD, Pearson, J, Cobb, CO, Felicione, NJ, Hiler, MM, Spindle, TR, & Breland, A. (2019). What factors reliably predict electronic cigarette nicotine delivery? Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31685583

Williams, GC, Battista, K, & Leatherdale, ST. (2019). An examination of how age of onset for alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco are associated with physical activity, screen time and BMI as students are preparing to graduate from high school. Prev Med Rep, 15, 100956. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31416115

Saliba, NA, El Hellani, A, Honein, E, Salman, R, Talih, S, Zeaiter, J, & Shihadeh, A. (2018). Surface Chemistry of Electronic Cigarette Electrical Heating Coils: Effects of Metal Type on Propylene Glycol Thermal Decomposition. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 134, 520-525. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30906089

Soulet, SE, Duquesne, M, Toutain, J, Pairaud, C, Lalo, HE. Influence of Coil Power Ranges on the E- Liquid Consumption in Vaping Devices. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Aug 28;15(9). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154301

Bertrand, P, Bonnarme, V, Piccirilli, A, Ayrault, P, Lemee, L, Frapper, G, Pourchez, J. Physical and chemical assessment of 1,3 Propanediol as a potential substitute of propylene glycol in refill liquid for electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 16;8(1):10702. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013226

Munafo, M. Are e-cigarettes tobacco products? Nicotine Tob Res, June 2018. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29931122

Hsu, G, Sun, JY, Zhu, SH. Evolution of Electronic Cigarette Brands From 2013-2014 to 2016-2017: Analysis of Brand Websites. J Med Internet Res. 2018 Mar 12;20(3):e80. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530840

18B.1.2 Start- up companies

Dai, H, & Hao, J. (2020). Online popularity of JUUL and Puff Bars in the USA: 2019-2020. Tob Control. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051277

Robinson, RJ, Jayasekera, S, Difrancesco, G, & Hensel, EC. (2020). Characterization and Validation of Second Generation wPUM Topography Monitors. Nicotine Tob Res. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804236

Voelker, R. (2020). e-Cigarette Hoodies and Backpacks Prompt FDA Warnings. JAMA, 323(21), 2122. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484523

Talih, S, Salman, R, El-Hage, R, Karam, E, Salam, S, Karaoghlanian, N et al (2020). A comparison of the electrical characteristics, liquid composition, and toxicant emissions of JUUL USA and JUUL UK e- cigarettes. Sci Rep, 10(1), 7322. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32355323

Mallock, N, Trieu, HL, Macziol, M, Malke, S, Katz, A, Laux, P et al. (2020). Trendy e-cigarettes enter Europe: chemical characterization of JUUL pods and its aerosols. Arch Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32189038

Williams, R. (2019). The rise of disposable JUUL-type e-cigarette devices. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31806858

Wise, J. (2019). E-cigarettes are independent risk factor for respiratory disease, study finds. BMJ, 367, l7019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848192

Mahase, E. (2019). Juul shipped a million contaminated e-cigarette pods, claims lawsuit from former employee. BMJ, 367, l6333. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31676511

Malone, RE. (2019). JUUL: beaten-down innovator or vicious bully? Tob Control, 28(6), 597-598. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31659007

Levy, DT, Sweanor, D, Sanchez-Romero, LM, O'Connor, R, Goniewicz, ML, & Borland, R. (2019). Altria-Juul Labs deal: why did it occur and what does it mean for the US nicotine delivery product market. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31484802

Orlan, EN, Parascandola, M, & Grana, R. (2019). JUUL from the USA to Indonesia: implications for expansion to LMICs. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31278082

Kamerow, D. (2019). Popular e-cigarette Juul comes under attack. BMJ, 365, l4249. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31213480

No authors listed. FTC asks Altria for more information on Juul investment. Reuters. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/altria-group-juul/ftc-asks-altria-for-more-information-on-juul- investment-idUSL3N21Q445

Kamerow, D. Start-up e-cigarette brand aims to "improve smokers' lives". BMJ. 2018 Jul 6;362:k2930. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29980549

Huang, Jidong, Duan, Zongshuan, Kwok, Julian, Binns, Steven, Vera, Lisa E, Kim, Yoonsang, Szczypka, Glen, Emery, Sherry L. Vaping versus JUULing: how the extraordinary growth and marketing of JUUL transformed the US retail e-cigarette market. Tobacco Control, 2018. Available from: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/early/2018/05/31/tobaccocontrol-2018- 054382.full.pdf

18B.1.3 Major international companies

Jawad, M, Shihadeh, A, & Nakkash, RT. (2020). Philip Morris patents 'harm reduction' electronic waterpipe. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587110

Qureshi, AA. (2019). Going Up in Smoke: Altria's Bet on JUUL in Jeopardy. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 45(4), 443-452. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31973671

Mathers, A, Hawkins, B, & Lee, K. Transnational Tobacco Companies and New Nicotine Delivery Systems. Am J Public Health, e1-e9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30571303

18B.1.4 Lobbying for favourable regulation

Kong, J, Chu, S, Park, K, & Lee, S. (2020). The tobacco industry and electronic cigarette manufacturers enjoy a loophole in the legal definition of tobacco in South Korean law. Tob Control. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611748

Ollila, E. (2019). See you in court: obstacles to enforcing the ban on electronic cigarette flavours and marketing in Finland. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31636092

Hemmerich, N, Klein, EG, Berman, M. Evidentiary Support in Public Comments to the FDA's Center for Tobacco Products. J Health Polit Policy Law, 2017. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28483810

News reports:

Phillip Morris International. Philip Morris International Announces Agreement to Acquire Fertin Pharma, 2021. July 1, 2021 Retrieved from https://www.pmi.com/media-center/press- releases/press-details/?newsId=24121

BAT hikes sales growth outlook amid shift to e-cigarettes. Reuters, 2021. June 8, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/bat-raises-sales-growth-outlook-smokers- switch-less-harmful-products-2021-06-08/

Krech, R. Quit tobacco to be a winner. World Health Organization, 2021. May 19, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/quit-tobacco-to-be-a-winner

Prokop, H. Nicotine Volumes Down for End of March. CSP, 2021. April 7, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.cspdailynews.com/tobacco/nicotine-volumes-down-end-march

No authors listed. Global E-Cigarette Market (Vape & HNB) Insights & Forecast 2020-2024 with Profiles of Leading Players - Imperial Brands, BAT, Japan Tobacco, Altria, Philip Morris and Turning Point Brands. Yahoo Finance, 2020. October 26, 2020. Retrieved from https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/global-e-cigarette-market-vape-112800016.html

No authors listed. Vaping Lingo Dictionary: A guide to popular terms and devices. Truth Initiative, 2020. May 29, 2020. Retrieved from https://truthinitiative.org/sites/default/files/media/files/2020/05/Vaping%20Lingo%20Dictionary_5. 21_Final.pdf

Report Linker. E-cigarette And Vape Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product, By Component, By Distribution Channel And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027. Cision, 2020. March 5, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/e-cigarette-and-vape-market- size-share--trends-analysis-report-by-product-by-component-by-distribution-channel-and-segment- forecasts-2020---2027-301017098.html

Best, S. E-cigarette alternative launches in UK - and it's even safe for pregnant women. Mirror, 2019. Available from: https://www.mirror.co.uk/science/e-cigarette-alternative-launches-uk-20860861

Jolly, J. US vaping backlash dents British American Tobacco revenues The Guardian, 2019. Nov 27, 2019. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/nov/27/us-vaping-backlash- dents-british-american-tobacco-revenues

No authors listed. UK vape sales continue to soar The Convenience Store, 2019. Oct 18, 2019.

No authors listed. UK vape sales hold fast despite US scares. Convenience Store (print edition), 2019. Oct 4, 2019.

Blount, J. Inside The Business Of E-Cigarettes And The European Tobacco Industry. Forbes, 2019. Aug 15, 2019. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/joresablount/2019/08/15/inside-the- business-of-e-cigarettes-and-the-european-tobacco-industry/#7caf3c6a1a43

Gootnick, D. Electronic Cigarettes: U.S. Imports, 2016-2018. U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2019.Aug 14, 2019. Available from: https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/700242.pdf

Webster, N. Dubai to host region's first vaping expo in 2020. The National, 2019. Aug 25, 2019. Available from: https://www.thenational.ae/uae/dubai-to-host-region-s-first-vaping-expo-in-2020- 1.902412

No authors listed. Imperial Brands shares fall as e-cigarette growth slows. Financial Times, 2019. May 8, 2019. Available from: https://ash.us14.list- manage.com/track/click?u=3d5578d8735672472bede942b&id=a62519f6cf&e=0741a2b768

Hervey. Pod Vapes Market Key Players: British American Tobacco, Juul Labs, Imperial Tobacco, Japan Tobacco, Altria Group, NJOY, Philip Morris International & More. Investor Opinion, 2019. Mar 5, 2019. Available from: https://investoropinion.co.uk/pod-vapes-market-key-players-british-american- tobacco-juul-labs-imperial-tobacco-japan-tobacco-altria-group-njoy-philip-morris-international- more/

No authors listed. Altria Ending Production of MarkTen and Green Smoke. Convenience Store Decisions, 2018. Dec 7, 2018. Available from: https://cstoredecisions.com/2018/12/07/altria-ending- production-of-markten-and-green-smoke/

No authors listed. The Global Vaping Tank Market (2018-2022) is Projected to Surge at a CAGR of 28.92% -- Increasing Number of Vape Shops & Stores Across the Globe PR Newswire, 2018. Dec 7, 2018. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-global-vaping-tank-market- 2018-2022-is-projected-to-surge-at-a-cagr-of-28-92----increasing-number-of-vape-shops--stores- across-the-globe-300761906.html

Globe Newswire. E-Cigarette Market is Estimated to Reach $44,610.6 Million by 2023: P&S Intelligence. SPi News, 2018. Oct 11, 2018 Available from:

7 http://www.sectorpublishingintelligence.co.uk/news/2112324/ecigarette-market-is-estimated-to- reach-36446106-million-by-2023-ps-intelligence

GSTHR. (2018). GSTHR Vaping Timeline. Available from: https://gsthr.org/downloads/GSTHR%20Report/GSTHR2018%20-%20Vaping%20Timeline.pdf

No authors. Leap™ Vapor With Nicotine Salts Delivers Vaping Science, Value to Discerning Adults Who Seek Alternatives Beyond Smoking PR Newswire, 2018. Sept 6, 2018. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/leap-vapor-with-nicotine-salts-delivers-vaping- science-value-to-discerning-adults-who-seek-alternatives-beyond-smoking-300708210.html

Fox, Maggie. E-cigarette sales soared as prices fell, CDC study finds. NBC News, 2018. Aug 3, 2018. Available from: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/e-cigarette-sales-soared-prices-fell- cdc-study-finds-n897066

Galvin, Gaby. E-Cigarette Sales Have Surged Immensely in the U.S. US News 2018. Aug 2, 2018. Available from: https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2018-08-02/e- cigarette-sales-have-surged-immensely-in-the-us-cdc-study-shows

Millward, Wade Tyler. Tight margins, FDA challenge vaping companies in Nevada, US. Las Vegas Review Journal, 2018. July 21, 2018. Available from: https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tight- margins-fda-challenge-vaping-companies-in-nevada-us/

No authors listed. Global Electronic Cigarette Market, 2023 - Market is Expected to Garner $26.83 Billion in Revenue. PR Newswire, 2018. June 15, 2018. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-electronic-cigarette-market-2023---market-is- expected-to-garner-26-83-billion-in-revenue-300663888.html

Yau, Alex. Londis recommends stores replace tobacco gantries. Better Retailing, 2018. July 3, 2018. Available from: https://www.betterretailing.com/Londis-recommends-stores-replace-tobacco- gantries

Jones, Lora. Vaping - the rise in five charts. BBC, 2018. June 6, 2018. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44295336

Brodwin, Erin. There's a new vape pen taking over America — and it has Wall Street worried about tobacco stocks. Business Insider, 2018. Apr 24, 2018. Available from: http://uk.businessinsider.com/ecig-vaping-juul-threatens-tobacco-stocks-2018-4/?r=AU&IR=T

Kollewe, Julia. E-cigarette firm cashes in on vaping boom with stock market listing. The Guardian, 2018. Apr 24, 2018. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/apr/23/e- cigarette-firm-vaping-stock-market-listing-supreme-kik-88vape

No authors listed. E-cigarettes Market from 2023: Growth Analysis by Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Applications. Open PR, 2018. Apr 16, 2018. Available from: https://www.openpr.com/news/1010071/E-cigarettes-Market-from-2023-Growth-Analysis-by- Manufacturers-Regions-Types-and-Applications.html

No authors listed. E-Cigarette Market Report 2018 - Global Market 2013-2023 Featuring British American Tobacco, Japan Tobacco, Altria, Imperial Brands, and NJOY. PR Newswire, 2018. Mar 14,

2018. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/e-cigarette-market-report-2018- --global-market-2013-2023-featuring-british-american-tobacco-japan-tobacco-altria-imperial- brands-and-njoy-300610092.html

Gollayan, Christian. This sleek-looking vape pen is hard to quit. New York Post 2018. Feb 22, 2018. Available from: https://nypost.com/2018/02/19/this-sleek-looking-vape-pen-is-hard-to-quit/

Liederman, Emmy. Juuls prevalent among non-cigarette smokers. The Signal, 2018. Feb 19, 2018. Available from: http://www.tcnjsignal.net/2018/02/13/juuls-prevalent-among-non-cigarette- smokers/

Medrek, Emily. A new addiction’s on the rise, but vaping isn’t as safe as people may think. The Massachusetts Daily Collegian, 2018. Feb 21, 2018. Available from: https://dailycollegian.com/137686/news/a-new-addictions-on-the-rise-but-vaping-isnt-as-safe-as- people-may-think/

No authors listed. Space Jam's THE BYRD™ Uses Next Generation Labs Synthetic Nicotine. PR Web 2018. Feb 21, 2018. Available from: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2018/02/prweb15207428.htm

No authors listed. Global Electronic Cigarette Market Expected to Reach $26,839 Million by 2023 - Allied Market Research. PR Newswire 2018. Feb 5, 2018. Available from: http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/global-electronic-cigarette-market-expected-to-reach- 26839-million-by-2023---allied-market-research-672154313.html

Weisman, Susan. Public Health Concerns About Youth & Young Adult Use of JUUL. Public Health Law Centre at Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Feb 2018. Available from: http://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/blogs/2018-02-19/public-health-concerns-about-youth- young-adult-use-juul

Craver, Richard. Juul continues to expand e-cig market share gap with Vuse; Newport keeps ticking up. Winston-Salem Journal, Jan 2018. Available from: http://www.journalnow.com/business/juul- continues-to-expand-e-cig-market-share-gap-with/article_a18fad85-7200-5bc1-a148- a4055bdf2e4b.html

No authors listed. E-Cigarette Market to Reach $48 Billion by 2023: P&S Market Research. Yahoo Finance, 2018. Jan 2, 2018. Available from: https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/e-cigarette-market- reach-48-075600180.html

Hegarty, Ronan. E-cigarettes: sales up in smoke with an £8m tumble. The Grocer, 2017. Dec 14, 2017. Available from: https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/buying-and-supplying/top-products-2017/e- cigarettes-sales-up-in-smoke-with-an-8m- tumble/561244.article?rtnurl=http://transition.meltwater.com/redirect?url=https://www.thegrocer. co.uk/buying-and-supplying/top-products-2017/e-cigarettes-sales-up-in-smoke-with-an-8m- tumble/561244.article

No authors listed. NJOY Marks Fresh Start With Financial Restructuring. Convenience Store News, 2017. Mar 6, 2017. Available from: http://www.csnews.com/product-categories/tobacco/njoy- marks-fresh-start-financial-restructuring

No authors listed. Proposed Bill Removes Vapor Products From Deeming Rule. Convenience Store News, 2017. Apr 28, 2017. Available from: http://www.csnews.com/product- categories/tobacco/proposed-bill-removes-vapor-products-deeming-rule

18B.1.1 Product development Santosh. Global Li-ion battery for E-cigarette Market 2020 Business Outlook with COVID-19 Scenario to 2025. Cole of Duty, 2020. July 9, 2020. Retrieved from https://coleofduty.com/news/2020/07/09/global-li-ion-battery-for-e-cigarette-market-2020- business-outlook-with-covid-19-scenario-to-2025/

Luhana, R. FDA Warns Companies About Selling Backpacks, Pullovers that Conceal E-cigarettes. The Legal Examiner, 2020. June 1, 2020. Retrieved from https://pittsburgh.legalexaminer.com/legal/fda- warns-companies-about-selling-backpacks-pullovers-that-conceal-e-cigarettes/

Brueck, H. The wild history of vaping, from a 1927 ‘electric vaporizer’ to today’s mysterious lung injury crisis. Business Insider Malaysia, 2019. Available from: https://www.businessinsider.my/history-of-vaping-who-invented-e-cigs-2019-10/

Barry-Jester, A. Disguised vaping devices are hoodwinking parents and schools. CNN Health, 2019. Sept 18, 2019. Available from https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/18/health/hidden-vaping-devices- partner/index.html

Thomas, J. Look out, vapers: Big Puffer is watching. The Times, 2019. Aug 4, 2019. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/look-out-vapers-big-puffer-is-watching-p6tb8sg05

Torbet, G. Juul's app-connected e-cigarette keeps tabs on your vaping. Engadget, 2019. Aug 5, 2019. Available from: https://www.engadget.com/2019/08/05/juul-connected-e-cigarette/

Azahar, S, & Davasagayam, K. Ministry to curb sale of gadgets doubling as vape or e-cigarettes to school children. The Sun Daily, 2019. July 23, 2019. Available from: https://www.thesundaily.my/local/ministry-to-curb-sale-of-gadgets-doubling-as-vape-or-e- cigarettes-to-school-children-ME1143169

Daley, J. As E-Cigarettes Get More Sophisticated, Questions Mount About Privacy, Potential To Maximize Addiction. Colorado Public Radio, 2019. June 14, 2019. Available from: https://www.cpr.org/news/story/with-e-cigarettes-getting-more-sophisticated-questions-mount- about-technology-s-potential

Ooze Wholesale. Legalization In Canada Drives Creative Services For Ooze PR Newswire Cision, 2018. Oct 26, 2018. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/legalization-in- canada-drives-creative-services-for-ooze-300738823.html

Routh, Julian. A mango-scented flash-drive-looking device lets kids smoke in class. Pittsburgh Post- Gazette, 2017. Dec 14, 2017. Available from: http://www.post- gazette.com/local/region/2017/12/12/JUUL-vaporizer-nicotine-flash-drive-small-concealable-e- cigarette/stories/201712120151

Craver, Richard. 22nd Century gains $54 million in public offering; share price takes hit. Winston- Salem (NC) Journal, 2017. Oct 9, 2017. Available from: http://www.journalnow.com/business/nd- century-gains-million-in-public-offering-share-price-takes/article_a245cbca-7bd8-56f1-bad3- d819bc83256e.html

Evans, Peter. Clouds gather over the vaping pioneers. The Times, 2017. Aug 13, 2017. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/business/clouds-gather-over-the-vaping-pioneers-08fq9czdf

Colombo, Hayleigh. Vaping industry takes off after monopoly removed. Indianapolis Business Journal, 2017/ July 29. 2017. Available fro,: https://www.ibj.com/articles/64793-vaping-industry- takes-off-after-monopoly-removed

No authors listed. Statement from Nicopure's CEO Jeff Stamler on the Anniversary of FDA's Deeming Rule. PR Newswire, 2017. Aug 8, 2017. Available from: http://www.prnewswire.com/news- releases/statement-from-nicopures-ceo-jeff-stamler-on-the-anniversary-of-fdas-deeming-rule- 300500779.html

H, Neil. The New Nicotine Alliance Talks to EcigClick. EcigClick, 2017. July 19, 2017. Available from: http://www.ecigclick.co.uk/new-nicotine-alliance-talks- ecigclick/?utm_content=bufferee148&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campai gn=buffer

Harrell, PT and Eissenberg, T. Automated dripping devices for vapers: RDTAs, bottomfeeders, squonk mods and dripboxes. Tobacco Control, 2017. July 22, 2017. Available from: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2017/07/26/tobaccocontrol-2017- 053817http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28735274

No authors listed. Madvapes registers products with Europe TPD! PR Newswire, 2017. Mar 4, 2017. Available from: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madvapes-registers-products-with- europe-tpd-300418105.html

Haag, Andrew. 22nd Century Provided with Written Feedback from FDA on the Company’s Modified Risk Tobacco Product Application. Business Wire, 2017. Feb 28, 2017. Available from: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170228005123/en/22nd-Century-Written-Feedback- FDA-Company%E2%80%99s-Modified

No authors listed. 22nd Century Group: Big Trouble For Big Tobacco - How The Big Are Falling Behind. Seeking Alpha blog network, 2017. Feb 22, 2017. Available from: http://seekingalpha.com/article/4048213-22nd-century-group-big-trouble-big-tobacco-big-falling- behind

18B.1.2 Start-up companies

No authors listed. E-cigarette maker Juul cuts valuation to $10 billion - memo. Reuters, 2020. October 30, 2020. Retrieved from https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-juul-valuation/e-cigarette- maker-juul-cuts-valuation-to-10-billion-memo-idUKKBN27E3B8

Sampath, U, & Kalluvila, S. Juul to drastically cut workforce, explore exiting some markets. Reuters, 2020. September 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul- layoffs/juul-to-drastically-cut-workforce-explore-exiting-some-markets-idUSKBN25U36A

McDonald, J. Will Synthetic Nicotine Skirt FDA's Tobacco Authority? Vaping 360, 2020. Sept 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://vaping360.com/vape-news/105774/will-synthetic-nicotine-skirt- fdas-tobacco-authority/

Sprouse, W. Juul to Cut More Jobs. CFO, 2020. Sept 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cfo.com/strategy/2020/09/juul-to-cut-more-jobs/

Manfredi, L. JUUL Labs says FDA will review its e-cigarette, nicotine cartridge applications. Fox Business, 2020. August 18, 2020. Retrieved from https://nicotinepolicy.us7.list- manage.com/track/click?u=2af43677e24187ffd12adbbc9&id=5c454d8df5&e=21018bfc5c

No authors listed. “Going Beyond”: Seasoned Ex-Philip Morris Commercialization Executive Tim Corkum Appointed Chief Revenue Officer of Taat. Global Banking & Finance Review, 2020. August 21, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.globalbankingandfinance.com/category/news/going-beyond- seasoned-ex-philip-morris-commercialization-executive-tim-corkum-appointed-chief-revenue- officer-of-taat/

No authors listed. What we know and don’t know about Puff Bar right now. Truth Initiative, 2020. August 19, 2020. Retrieved from https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/emerging-tobacco- products/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-puff-bar-right-now

Etter, L. Juul Quietly Revamped Its E-Cigarette, Risking the FDA’s Rebuke. Bloomberg, 2020. July 24, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.bloombergquint.com/businessweek/could-juul-face-penalty- after-modifying-vaping-product

Murdoch, S., & Zhu, J. Smoore International raises $918 million in Hong Kong IPO - sources. Reuters, 2020. July 6, 2020. Retrieved from https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-smoore-ipo-hongkong/smoore- international-raises-918-million-in-hong-kong-ipo-sources-idUKKBN2470RO?il=0

No authors listed. A state tobacco monopoly looms over China’s e-cigarette makers. The Economist, 2020. July 23, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/business/2020/07/23/a-state- tobacco-monopoly-looms-over-chinas-e-cigarette-makers

No authors listed. (2020). Mini vape menace a kids crisis. Daily Telegraph. Retrieved from https://customreport.mediaportal.com/#/articlepresenter/a537f773-f55e-42b1-8ef3- a70d6a0bcd24/613152935/1486030721?_k=0ejw2s

Sebastian, A., & Ganguli, S. Juul submits application to FDA to keep selling e-cigarettes. Reuters, 2020. July 31, 2020. Retrieved from https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-usa-vaping-juul/juul-submits- application-to-fda-to-keep-selling-e-cigarettes-idUKKCN24V380

Wolfe, E. Controversial E-Cigarette Company Puff Bar Says It’s Suspending U.S. Sales. Fail Warning, 2020. July 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.fairwarning.org/2020/07/e-cigarette-company- suspends-sales/?mc_cid=8da9122525&mc_eid=0d63f884b2

Kaplan, S. Lawmakers Say Puff Bar Used Pandemic to Market to Teens. The New York Times, 2020. June 2, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/02/health/puff-bar-teens.html

No authors listed. (2020). Dangerous loopholes: Young e-cigarette users report swapping products as vaping policies change. Retrieved from https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/emerging- tobacco-products/dangerous-loopholes-young-e-cigarette-users-report

Harris, K. A vape being touted as a vitamin inhaler is being targeted to young women on Instagram. NZ Herald, 2020. May 30, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12334612

Research and Markets. Global Market Outlook for the Alternative Non-Nicotine Liquid Vaping Products Market 2020 - Market Analysis of Herbals, Extracts and Vitamin Vaping. Cision PR Newswire, 2020. June 22, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news- releases/global-market-outlook-for-the-alternative-non-nicotine-liquid-vaping-products-market- 2020---market-analysis-of-herbals-extracts-and-vitamin-vaping-301081143.html

Rieger, S. Rona Ambrose, Canada's former health minister, joins e-cigarette company Juul's board of directors. CBC, 2020. May 17, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/rona- ambrose-juul-1.5573968

Li, R. Juul to move headquarters from SF to Washington, D.C. San Francisco Chronicle, 2020. May 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Juul-to-move-headquarters- from-SF-to-Washington-15246813.php

Kaplan, S, A, J, & Sang-Hun, C. The World Pushes Back Against E-Cigarettes and Juul. The New York Times, 2020. Apr 1, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/health/vaping- juul-international.html

LaVito, A. Altria Asks FDA to Delay Regulatory Deadline Due to Coronavirus. Bloomberg Law, 2020. March 27, 2020. Retrieved from https://news.bloomberglaw.com/pharma-and-life-sciences/altria- asks-fda-to-delay-regulatory-deadline-due-to-coronavirus

LaVito, A. Juul Co-Founder Monsees Steps Down as Adviser, Board Member. Bloomberg, 2020. March 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-12/juul-co- founder-monsees-steps-down-as-adviser-board-member

Bartz, D, & Kirkham, C. U.S. sues to force Altria to unwind investment in Juul. Reuters, 2020. April 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul-m-a-altria/us-sues-to-force-altria-to- unwind-investment-in-juul-idUSKBN21J718

Kirkham, C, Potkin, F, & Morales, N. Exclusive: Juul halts Indonesia e-cigarette sales, throwing Asia expansion in doubt. Reuters, 2020. Feb 24, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul-ecigarettes-indonesia-exclusive/exclusive-juul-halts- indonesia-e-cigarette-sales-throwing-asia-expansion-in-doubt-idUSKCN20I19Q

LaVito, A. Juul makes crucial hires from FDA with fate hanging in balance. BNN Bloomberg, 2020. Feb 5, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/juul-makes-crucial-hires-from-fda-with- fate-hanging-in-balance-1.1385276

Lyons, K. New Juul patent application hints at AI-powered vape to help users quit nicotine. The Verge, 2020. Feb 25, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/25/21152436/juul- patent-e-cigarettes-vaping-ai-smartphone-quit-nicotine

Sapra, B. Embattled e-cigarette company Juul raises $700 million in debt, amid financial strain and regulatory pressure. Business Insider Australia, 2020. Feb 2, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/juul-raises-700-million-in-debt-financial-strain-2020-2

Varshney, N. Juul Proposes 'Age-Locked' E-Cigarettes To Win FDA Approval. Benzinga, 2020. Feb 25, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.benzinga.com/government/20/02/15400872/juul-proposes-age- locked-e-cigarettes-to-win-fda-approval

Craver, R. Juul, overall e-cigarette sales remain on down trend in January Winston-Salem Journal, 2020. Feb 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.journalnow.com/business/juul-overall-e-cigarette- sales-remain-on-down-trend-in/article_bd336956-ba5e-5375-800d-9948c2111e66.html

Horwitz, J. Chinese e-cigarette firm Relx to open 10,000 stores within three years. Reuters, 2020. Jan 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-ecigarettes/chinese-e-cigarette- firm-relx-to-open-10000-stores-within-three-years-idUSKBN1ZA0GG

Maloney, J. Juul Scales Back Overseas Expansion The Wall Street Journal, 2020. Jan 15, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/juul-scales-back-overseas-expansion-11579143865

No authors listed. What are Puff Bars? Truth Initiative, 2020. Jan 31, 2020. Retrieved from https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/emerging-tobacco-products/what-are-puff-bars

Miller, A, & Dunne, J. Hooked: How Juul took over the vaping world. CBC News, 2019. Dec 3, 2019. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/hooked/

Baumgaertner, E. Juul wanted to revolutionize vaping. It took a page from Big Tobacco’s chemical formulas Los Angeles Times, 2019. Nov 19, 2019. Available from: https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-11-19/juul-vaping-chemical-formulas-based-in-big- tobacco

Kary, T. Juul investment costs Altria $4.5bn Business Day, 2019. Oct 31, 2019. Available from: https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/companies/2019-10-31-juul-investment-costs-altria-45bn/

Kirkham, C. Special Report: Juul disregarded early evidence it was hooking teens. Reuters, 2019. Nov 5, 2019. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul-ecigarettes-special-report/special- report-juul-disregarded-early-evidence-it-was-hooking-teens-idUSKBN1XF1JG

No authors listed. Kiwi vaping company Vapo sets its sights on premium market in UK. NZ Herald, 2019. Novc 18, 2019. Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=12286087

Davies, M., Kasperkevic, J., & Chapman, M. Juul spreads over the world as home market collapses in scandal. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, 2019. Nov 21, 2019. Available from: https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2019-11-21/juul-spreads-over-the-world-as-home- market-collapses-in-scandal

Kirkham, C. Juul disregarded early evidence it was hooking teens. Reuters, 2019. Nov 5, 2019. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/juul-ecigarette/

Ives, N. Juul Marketing Chief Leaves as E-Cigarette Maker Suspends Advertising. ADVFN, 2019. Oct 30, 2019. Available from: https://au.advfn.com/p.php?pid=nmona&article=81016295

No authors listed. Juul draws on another Altria exec for repair job. The Australian, 2019. Oct 3, 2019. Available from: https://customreport.mediaportal.com/#/articlepresenter/a3eae817-876a-40ed- af4a-ecca28628265/529948363/1245630900?_k=o6b3pk

Baca, M. How two Stanford grads aimed for big tech glory and got Big Tobacco instead. Washington Post, 2019. Sept 4, 2019. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/04/how-two-stanford-grads-aimed-big- tech-glory-got-big-tobacco-instead/

Ducharme, J. How Juul Hooked Kids and Ignited a Public Health Crisis. TIME, 2019. Sept 19, 2019. Available from: https://time.com/5680988/juul-vaping-health-crisis/

Norica, A. The Great American Vape Panic of 2019 Is Producing Some Wild Lawsuits. VICE, 2019. Sept 23, 2019. Available from: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/zmjz85/the-great-american-vape- panic-of-2019-is-producing-some-wild-lawsuits

Rushe, D. Juul CEO steps down amid sudden spike in vaping-related illnesses. The Guardian, 2019. Sept 25, 2019. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/sep/25/juul-ceo-kevin- burns-steps-down-vaping-illnesses?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

Kaplan, S. ‘Juul-alikes’ Are Filling Shelves With Sweet, Teen-Friendly Nicotine Flavors. NY Times, 2019. Aug 13, 2019. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/13/health/juul-flavors- nicotine.html

No authors listed. Juul: Vaping attracts fresh funding despite new lawsuits. BBC, 2019.Aug 20, 2019. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49402054

Banjo, S, & Lee, S. The Woman Who Helped Invent Juul E-Cigarettes Is Targeting China. Bloomberg, 2019. July 26, 2019. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-26/the- woman-who-helped-invent-juul-e-cigarettes-is-targeting-china

Espiner, G. Exclusive: Youth addiction worry as high-nicotine vape JUUL to hit NZ. RNZ, 2019. July 11, 2019. Available from: https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/in-depth/394168/exclusive-youth-addiction- worry-as-high-nicotine-vape-juul-to-hit-nz

LaVito, A. As Juul grapples with teen vaping ‘epidemic,’ CEO tells parents ‘I’m sorry’. CNBC, 2019. July 13, 2019.. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/13/as-juul-deals-with-teen-vaping- epidemic-ceo-tells-parents-im-sorry.html

LaVito, A. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids slams Juul’s ‘fake apology’. CNBC, 2019. July 15, 2019. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/15/juuls-apology-fake-campaign-for-tobacco-free- kids-says.html

No authors listed. Attorney General Tong and Commissioner Seagull announce investigation into JUUL labs. The Office of Attorney General William Tong, 2019. July 30, 2019. Available from: https://portal.ct.gov/AG/Press-Releases/2019-Press-Releases/ATTORNEY-GENERAL- TONG-AND-COMMISSIONER-SEAGULL-ANNOUNCE-INVESTIGATION-INTO- JUUL-LABS

Chua, Z. E-cigarette maker Juul enters Philippine market. Business World, 2019. June 21, 2019. Available from: https://www.bworldonline.com/e-cigarette-maker-juul-enters-philippine-market/

Cronin, E. Juul adds lower strength nicotine to Juulpod range. Talking Retail, 2019. June 7, 2019. Available from: https://www.talkingretail.com/products-news/tobacco/juul-adds-lower-strength- nicotine-juulpod-range-07-06-2019/

Fingas, J. Juul faces House investigation over teen e-cigarette use. Engadget, 2019. June 16, 2019. Available from: https://www.engadget.com/2019/06/16/juul-house-investigation/

No authors listed. Large U.S. producer of e-cigarettes enters Ukrainian market. Ukraine Open for Business, 2019. June 12, 2019. Available from: https://open4business.com.ua/large-u-s-producer-of- e-cigarettes-enteres-ukrainian-market/

No authors listed. Vaping giant JUUL swoops on local trademarks. Australian Financial Review, 2019. June 21, 2019. Available from: https://customreport.mediaportal.com/#/articlepresenter/fa8f29b8- c5df-49d2-ac61-ebd6cfdaa5d9/502551237/1166987719?_k=qrwq5n

O'Halloran, B. US e-cigarette maker Juul Labs launches in Irish market. The Irish Times, 2019. May 8, 2019. Available from: https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/us-e-cigarette- maker-juul-labs-launches-in-irish-market-1.3884157

No authors listed. U.S. vaping firm Juul plans multiple Asia launches in 2019. Reuters, 2019. May 7, 2019. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/altria-group-juul/u-s-vaping-firm-juul-plans- multiple-asia-launches-in-2019-idUSL5N22J3EF

Bodkin, H. Vaping brand with flavours loved by teens set for big UK expansion The Telegraph, 2019. Apr 22, 2019. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2019/04/22/vaping-brand- flavours-loved-teens-set-big-uk-expansion/

Brodwin, E. E-cig company Juul is considering creating a digital health tool for smokers who want to quit. Business Insider, 2019. Apr 17, 2019. Available from: https://www.businessinsider.com/juul- considers-app-digital-health-tool-smokers-2019-4?r=US&IR=T

Chung-un, C. E-cigarette maker Juul Labs seeks Korean market entry. The Korea Herald, 2019. Mar 12, 2019. Available from: http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190312000675

Griffiths, S. Juul, the firm behind US teen vaping ‘epidemic’, targets UK. The Times, 2019. Apr 21, 2019. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/juul-the-firm-behind-us-teen-vaping- epidemic-targets-uk-7p9w3sfrr

Crook, J. Juul Labs hires former Apple employee to lead the fight against counterfeits. Tech Crunch, 2019. Feb 6, 2019. Available from: https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/01/juul-labs-hires-former- apple-employee-to-lead-the-fight-against-counterfeits/

Venugopal, A. Juul annual sales projected to top $3 billion after profitable 2018 -Bloomberg. Reuters, 2019. Feb 22, 2019. Available from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul-outlook/juul- annual-sales-projected-to-top-3-billion-after-profitable-2018-bloomberg-idUSKCN1QB1AZ

Kalra, A. Exclusive: Juul plans India e-cigarette entry with new hires, subsidiary. Reuters, 2019. Jan 30, 2019. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul-india-exclusive/exclusive-juul- plans-india-e-cigarette-entry-with-new-hires-subsidiary-idUSKCN1PO0VV

Chaykowski, K. Don't Be Shocked If Big Tobacco Invests In Juul -- Its Founders Have Allowed It Before. Forbes, 2018. Dec 5, 2018. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/12/05/dont-be-shocked-if-big-tobacco- invests-in-juul-its-founders-have-allowed-it-before/#d951cf27cf58

Brumpton, H, & Kirkham, C. Altria in talks to take minority stake in Juul: sources. Reuters, 2018. Nov 29, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-altria-juul/altria-in-talks-to-take- minority-stake-in-juul-sources-idUSKCN1NX2SV

Curely, M. Juul Pulls Flavored E-Cigs As New FDA Regulations Loom. Law360, 2018. Nov 13, 2018. Available from: https://www.law360.com/articles/1101483/juul-pulls-flavored-e-cigs-as-new-fda- regulations-loom

Kaplan, S. Juul’s New Product: Less Nicotine, More Intense Vapor. New York Times, 2018. Nov 27, 2018. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/27/health/juul-ecigarettes-nicotine.html

McKay, B, Maloney, J, & Chaker, A. Juul to pull sweet-flavored e-cigarettes from stores MarketWatch, 2018. Nov 11, 2018. Available from: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/juul-to- pull-sweet-flavored-e-cigarettes-from-stores-2018-11-11

Mundell, E. Under Pressure, Juul Withdraws Most Flavored E-Cigs From Market Health Day. Nov 13, 2018. Available from: https://consumer.healthday.com/cancer-information-5/smoking-cessation- news-628/under-pressure-juul-withdraws-most-flavored-e-cigs-from-market-739650.html

Potkin, F, & Kirkham, C. Exclusive: Juul sounds out Indonesia for expansion, other Asian countries in its sights. Reuters, 2018. Nov 13, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa- trade-china-exclusive/exclusive-china-sends-written-response-to-u-s-trade-reform-demands-u-s- government-sources-idUSKCN1NJ336

Yasiejko, C. Juul Lobs Second Round of Suits Against E-Cigarette Rivals. Bloomberg, 2018. Nov 21, 2018. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-20/juul-lobs-second- round-of-lawsuits-against-e-cigarette-copycats

Ocampo, J. How Juul, the electronic cigarette, won over teens. Mic, 2018. Oct 15, 2018. Available from: https://mic.com/articles/191681/juul-electronic-cigarette-pods-is-smoking-juul-safe-nicotine- danger-teenagers#.7ToPv95uo

Guzman, Z. Juul surpasses Facebook as fastest startup to reach decacorn status. Yahoo Finance, 2018. Oct 9, 2018. Available from: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/juul-surpasses-facebook-fastest- startup-reach-decacorn-status-153728892.html

Corbett, E. Juul Files Lawsuit Against 'Copy-Cat Products' Marketing to Underage Users. Fortune, 2018. Oct 15, 2018. Available from: http://fortune.com/2018/10/04/juul-files-lawsuit-against-copy- cat-products-marketing-to-underage-users/

Banerjee, A. FDA seizes documents from Juul in latest e-cigarette crackdown. Reuters, 2018. Oct 4, 2018. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-usa-fda-ecigarettes/fda-seizes-documents- from-juul-in-latest-e-cigarette-crackdown-idUKKCN1MC26P

Kirkham, C. Special Report: Juul copycats flood e-cig market, despite FDA rule. Reuters, 2018. Sept 24, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vaping-regulation-juul- specialreport/special-report-high-nicotine-e-cigarettes-flood-market-despite-fda-rule- idUSKCN1M418W

McKay, T. Juul Labs Gets Restraining Order on 30 Chinese Entities Selling Knockoffs on eBay. Gizmodo, 2018. Sept 11, 2018. Available from https://gizmodo.com/juul-labs-gets-restraining-order- on-30-chinese-entities-1828985583

Zochodne, G. E-cigarette giant Juul expanding into Canada, amid controversy in the U.S. Financial Post, 2018. Aug 30, 2018. Available from: https://business.financialpost.com/business/e-cigarette- giant-juul-expanding-into-canada-amid-controversy-in-the-u-s

Hodgson, Camilla. Rivals train sights on vaping start-up Juul Labs. Rivals train sights on vaping startup Juul Labs, 2018. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/ab07d946-996d-11e8-ab77- f854c65a4465

Oppenheim, Oren. JUUL e-cigarette company files petition to High Court objecting ban. Jerusalem Post, 2018. Aug 23, 2018. Available from: https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/JUUL-e-cigarette- company-files-petition-to-High-Court-objecting-to-ban-565610

Peng, Jenny. Vaping giant Juul plans Canadian e-cig domination amid concerns from youth groups. The Star, 2018. Aug 30, 2018. Available from: https://www.thestar.com/business/2018/08/30/vaping-giant-juul-plans-canadian-e-cig-domination- amid-success-and-controversy-in-us.html

Bradshaw, Tim. Vape start-up Juul raises $650m at $15bn valuation. Financial Times, 2018. July 10, 2018. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/ec3c8b8c-845f-11e8-96dd-fa565ec55929

Craver, Richard. With security offering, Juul aims to keep up with its popularity. Winston-Salem Journal, 2018. July 11, 2018. Available from: https://webmail.cancervic.org.au/owa/#path=/mail/inbox

Geller, Martinne. Fast-growing e-cigarette maker Juul to launch in UK. Reuters, 2018. July 17, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-juul-britain/fast-growing-e-cigarette-maker- juul-to-launch-in-uk-idUSKBN1K62WC

Hines, Alice. Vape King Juul Wants Everyone to Chill Out. Bloomberg, 2018. Aug 1, 2018. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-01/juul-is-trying-everything-to-prove-it- can-regulate-itself

Zaleski, Olivia. As Juul Flies High With New Funding, Vapes Become a Target. Bloomberg, 2018. July 11, 2018. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-10/as-juul-flies-high- with-new-funding-vapes-become-a-target

Reid, Scott. Scots vaping firm looks to light up global sales. The Scotsman 2018. May 9, 2018. Available from: https://www.scotsman.com/business/companies/retail/scots-vaping-firm-looks-to- light-up-global-sales-1-4734814

No authors listed. Vaping firm Supreme to join London stock market. BBC News, 2018. Apr 26, 2018. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-43862733

Levy, Ari. E-cigarette maker Juul is raising $150 million after spinning out of vaping. CNBC, 2017. Dec 31, 2017. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/19/juul-labs-raising-150-million-in-debt- after-spinning-out-of-pax.html

Chambers, Sam. Imperial Brands is said to acquire maker of vaping liquids. Bloomberg, 2017. Nov 1, 2017. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-01/imperial-brands-is- said-to-acquire-maker-of-vaping-liquids

Reid Blackwell, John. Altria makes a minority investment in a rapidly growing Chesterfield-based chain of e-cigarette shops. Richmond (VA) Times-Dispatch, 2017. Nov 7, 2017. Available from: http://www.richmond.com/business/local/altria-makes-a-minority-investment-in-a-rapidly-growing- chesterfield/article_4bf5caa8-0514-5936-87e3-e88f20d2c814.html

No authors listed. Smoke Science & Product Technology (SSPT) Study Groups for CORESTA. British American Tobacco, 2017. Oct 6, 2017. Available from: http://www.bat- science.com/groupms/sites/BAT_9GVJXS.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DOARVCEX?opendocument

No authors listed. We speak to Philip Morris’ Corporate Affairs Director Patrick Muttart about their new push for e-cigarettes. #TheProjectTV Twitter, 2017. Oct 5, 2017. Available from: https://twitter.com/theprojecttv/status/915858492589694976

No authors listed. British American Tobacco targeting £1bn revenue from next generation products. The Financial Times, 2017. Oct 25, 2017. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/1b6a8190- b957-11e7-9bfb-4a9c83ffa852

Caruana, Diane. BAT strives to standardize its e-cigs across its network. Vaping Post, 2017. Sept 4, 2017. Available from: https://www.vapingpost.com/2017/09/04/bat-strives-to-standardize-its-e- cigs-across-its-network/

Hendlin, Hale , Elias, Jesse and Ling, Pamela M. The Pharmaceuticalization of the Tobacco Industry. Annals of Internal Medicine, July 18, 2017. Available from:

19 https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/sites/tobacco.ucsf.edu/files/u795/hendlin_pharm%20tob_intmed- 2017.pdf

Varghese, Justin George, Geller, Martinne. BAT Restructures to Help e-Cigarettes Go Mainstream. The New York Times, 2017. Aug 31, 2017. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/08/31/business/31reuters-brit-am-tobacco-moves.html

British American Tobacco. British American Tobacco launches 2016 Harm Reduction Report. British American Tobacco (BAT), 2017. Available from: http://www.bat.com/group/sites/UK__9D9KCY.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DOAJYE7B

British American Tobacco. Harm Reduction Focus Report 2016. British American Tobacco, 2017. Available from: http://www.bat.com/group/sites/UK__9D9KCY.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO964UGU/$file/Harm_Reduc tion_Focus_Report_2016_v2.pdf

Blackwell, Tom. Big Tobacco giant pledges to quit cigarettes, but skeptics accuse firm of ‘double- speak’. Vancouver Sun, 2017. Feb 6, 2017. Available from: http://www.vancouversun.com/tobacco+giant+pledges+quit+cigarettes+skeptics+accuse+firm+doub le+speak/12861342/story.html

Jae-hyuk, Park. Philip Morris, KT&G to wage e-cigarette war. Korea Times, 2017. Feb 6, 2017. Available from: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2017/02/694_223369.html

Kawaji, Yosuke. Japan Tobacco playing catch-up to Western peers. Nikkei Asian Review, 2017. Feb 7, 2017. Available from: http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Japan-Tobacco-playing-catch-up- to-Western-peers

Laing, Robert. BAT sells more cigarettes in 2017 driven by Rothmans' brand appeal. Biz Community, 2017. Feb 24, 2017. Available from: http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/160/158186.html

No authors listed. Can iQOS continue its tremendous momentum for Philip Morris in its fourth quarter? Nasdaq, 2017. Feb 1, 2017. Available from: http://www.nasdaq.com/article/can-iqos- continue-its-tremendous-momentum-for-philip-morris-in-its-fourth-quarter-cm741868

No authors listed. British American Tobacco aims to double size of vaping business. Financial Times, Feb 2017. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/e6aa9136-f997-11e6-bd4e-68d53499ed71

Vaish, Esha and Thomasson, Emma. UPDATE 3-BAT looks to double its vaping markets. Reuters, 2017. Feb 23, 2017. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/bat-results-idUSL8N1G81X5

Kaplan, Jennifer. Philip Morris: World's second largest tobacco company tells people to quit smoking. The Independent, 2016. Oct 24, 2016. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/philip-morris-stop-smoking-quit-comments- tobacco-company-cancer-a7377361.html

No author listed. The growth in cigarette alternatives. PR Newswire, 2016. Oct 31, 2016. Available from: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-growth-in-cigarette-alternatives- 599310001.html

No author listed. Big tobacco’s new ambitions. The Economist, 2016. Oct 29, 2016. Available from: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21709346-huge-deal-points-broad-changes-cigarette- makers-big-tobaccos-new-ambitions?frsc=dg%7Ce

Owen, Vicki. Vaper-ised! Why boom in e-cigarettes is key to BAT and Reynolds' £38bn merger as tobacco sales go up in smoke. Mail on Sunday, 2016. Oct 23, 2016. Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/money/markets/article-3862312/Vaper-ised-boom-e-cigarettes-key- 38bn-merger-tobacco-sales-smoke.html

No authors listed. Japan Tobacco to roll out e-cigarette next year. Intellasia, 2016. Sept 26, 2016. Available from: http://www.intellasia.net/japan-tobacco-to-roll-out-e-cigarette-next-year-543261

18B.1.3 Major international companies

O'Connell, D. Cannabis part of the future says tobacco giant. BBC News, 2021. July 28, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57995285

Thicknesse, E. Imperial Brands revenue flat as pandemic drives smoking pick up. City AM, 2020. October 8, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cityam.com/imperial-brands-revenue-flat-as- pandemic-drives-smoking-pick-up/

Maloney, J. Reynolds American Gains on Juul by Marketing Vaping as Cool Again. The Wall Street Journal, 2020. Retrieved from https://nicotinepolicy.us7.list- manage.com/track/click?u=2af43677e24187ffd12adbbc9&id=6ff48c5135&e=21018bfc5c

No authors listed. BAT unveils new corporate strategy. The Investor, 2020. March 30, 2020. Retrieved from http://www.theinvestor.co.kr/view.php?ud=20200330000891

No authors listed. Vaping crackdown costs Juul investor more than $8bn. BBC News, 2020. Jan 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51318910

Mkandawire, V. Philip Morris and Altria stub out $200bn merger The Telegraph, 2019. Sept 25, 2019. Available from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2019/09/25/philip-morris-altria-stub-200bn- merger/

Dludla, N. British American Tobacco's takeover of Twisp wins South Africa approval. Reuters, 2019. Aug 13, 2019. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-twisp-m-a-brit-am-tobacco/british- american-tobaccos-takeover-of-twisp-wins-south-africa-approval-idUKKCN1V313V

Seung-hyun, S. BAT launches liquid-type e-cigarette Glo Sens in Korea. The Investor, 2019. Aug 13, 2019. Available from: http://www.theinvestor.co.kr/view.php?ud=20190813000662

No authors listed. U.S. regulator asks Altria for more information on Juul investment. Reuters, 2019. Apr 9, 2019. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-altria-group-juul/us-regulator-asks- altria-for-more-information-on-juul-investment-idUSKCN1RK2GR

Rooney, K. Altria shares fall after FDA's Gottlieb describes 'difficult' meeting on Juul. CBNC, 2019. Mar 19, 2019. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/19/altria-shares-fall-after-fdas- gottlieb-describes-difficult-meeting-on-juul.html

Larson, N. Philip Morris eyes tech gadgets for 'smoke-free' market. Yahoo News. Available from: https://news.yahoo.com/philip-morris-eyes-tech-gadgets-smoke-free-market-173105773.html

Kaplan, S, & Richtel, M. Juul Closes Deal with Tobacco Giant Altria. The New York Times, 2018. Dec 20, 2018.. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/health/juul-reaches-deal-with- tobacco-giant-altria.html

Mathis, W. BAT Launches High-Tech Vape in U.K. to Fend Off Juul, IQOS. Bloomberg, 2018. Dec 12, 2018. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-11/bat-launches-high- tech-vape-in-the-u-k-to-fend-off-juul-iqos

Myers, M. (2018). Altria-Juul Deal Is Alarming Development for Public Health and Shows Need for Strong FDA Regulation [Press release]. Available from: https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press- releases/2018_12_20_altria_juul

Ellyatt, HS, Srivastava, S. We're going 'all-in' on vaping, Imperial CEO says. CNBC, 2018. Nov 6, 2018. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/06/imperial-brands-q3-2018-earnings.html

Kary, T. Juul Stake Would Let Altria Hedge E-Cigarette Bet. Bloomberg, 2018. Nov 29, 2018. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-28/juul-stake-would-let-marlboro- maker-altria-hedge-e-cigarette-bet

Meddings, S. Imperial Brands claims vaping wins over smokers. The Times, 2018. Nov 4, 2018. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/imperial-brands-claims-vaping-wins-over- smokers-78c2thvvb

Ralph, A. Imperial gives Blu investment green light. The Times, 2018. Nov 7, 2018. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/imperial-gives-blu-investment-green-light-9m6dp9kh3

Waldrep, J. Why The Maker Of Marlboro Cigarettes Just Quit Part Of The Vape Market. Forbes, 2018. Nov 6, 2018. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanwaldrep/2018/11/06/why-the- maker-of-marlboro-cigarettes-just-quit-part-of-the-vape-market/#4c4b7884d8b5

Abboud, L. British American Tobacco trims profit and vaping growth forecasts. Financial Times, 2018. Oct 16, 2018. Available from: https://app.ft.com/content/3bb11408-d127-11e8-a9f2- 7574db66bcd5?sectionid=companies

Maatouk, M. FTSE 100 movers: Miners shine but tobacco stocks slump Web Financial Group, 2018. Available from: https://uk.webfg.com/news/risers-and-fallers/ftse-100-movers-miners-shine-but- tobacco-stocks-slump--3535422.html

No authors listed. Marlboro maker axes flavoured e-cigarettes. BBC News, 2018. Oct 25, 2018. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45984049

Shin, H. Philip Morris sues South Korea over e-cigarette info disclosure. Reuters, 2018. Oct 2 , 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-philipmorris/philip-morris-sues- south-korea-over-e-cigarette-info-disclosure-idUSKCN1MB2KR

Geller, M. Imperial to launch new e-cigarette alongside heated tobacco. Reuters, 2018. Sept 25, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imperial-brands-launch/imperial-to- launch-new-e-cigarette-alongside-heated-tobacco-idUSKCN1M51AL

Hagan, S. Tobacco Stocks Jump After FDA Threatens E-Cig Crackdown. Bloomberg, 2018. Sept 13, 2018. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-12/altria-jumps-most-in- decade-as-e-cig-threat-fuels-tobacco-stocks

Neas, Ollie. Big Tobacco poised to enter the vaping market in New Zealand. Stuff NZ, 2018. Aug 12, 2018. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/105808235/big-tobacco-poised-to-enter- the-vaping-market-in-new-zealand

Geller, Martinne. Imperial Brands to sell assets, simplify business. Reuters, 2018. May 14, 2018. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-imperial-brands-results/imperial-brands-to-sell- assets-simplify-business-idUKKBN1IA0MV

Gerrard, Bradley. China investment cuts tobacco giant’s cigarette dependence. Telegraph (UK), 2018. May 24, 2018. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/05/20/china- investment-cuts-tobacco-giants-cigarette-dependence/

No authors listed. UPDATE 2-Imperial Brands to sell assets, simplify business. Reuters, 2018. May 21, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/imperial-brands-results/update-2-imperial- brands-to-sell-assets-simplify-business-idUSL8N1SG1V7

Geller, Martinne, Nair, Arathy S. BAT boosts vaping investment again as competition heats up. Reuters 2018. Apr 26, 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bat-outlook/bat- boosts-vaping-investment-again-as-competition-heats-up-idUSKBN1HW15V

Hodgson, Camilla. Big tobacco keeps tabs on growth of vaping. Financial Times, 2018. Mar 19, 2018. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/d1c28478-18c1-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44

No authors listed. Lambert & Butler owner assures on full-year results despite Palmer & Harvey hit. Daily Mail, 2018. Feb 12, 2018. Available from: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/wires/pa/article- 5362165/Lambert--Butler-owner-assures-year-results-despite-Palmer--Harvey-hit.html

Craver, Richard. Vuse falls further behind Juul on e-cig sales. Winston-Salem Journal, 2017. Dec 14, 2017. Available from: http://www.journalnow.com/business/business_news/local/vuse-falls-further- behind-juul-on-e-cig-sales/article_ed14c6bc-5421-5806-9d32-bba0e8f86571.html

18B.1.4 Lobbying for favourable regulation

Public Health Law Center. (2021). Big Time Vapes, Inc., et al. v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2019). Retrieved from https://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/big-time-vapes-inc-et-al-v-us- food-and-drug-administration-2019

Stohr, G. FDA’s Vaping Regulations Survive as Supreme Court Rejects Appeal. Bloomberg, 2021. June 7, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-07/fda-s- vaping-regulations-survive-as-supreme-court-rejects- appeal?utm_source=google&utm_medium=bd&cmpId=google

Jackson, D. New committee hopes to have vaping regulations overturned. Convenience and Impulse Retailing, 2021. Feb 2, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.c-store.com.au/new-committee-hopes-to- have-vaping-regulations-overturned/

McGreevy, P. Tobacco industry submits signatures on California referendum to block ban on flavored products sales. Los Angeles Times, 2020. Nov 24, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-11-24/california-flavored-tobacco-ban-referendum- signatures#

Foster, M. Employee mental health boosted by HR ‘quit smoking’ incentives: 52% see positive effects after 4 weeks, study finds. Employer News, 2020. October 21, 2020. Retrieved from https://employernews.co.uk/mental-health/employee-mental-health-quit-smoking-incentives- study/

Jackson, D. Retailers call for a fair go with the sale of e-cigarettes. Convenience and Impulse Retailing, 2020. October 27, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.c-store.com.au/retailers-call-for-a- fair-go-with-the-sale-of-e-cigarettes/

Xue, Y. China’s largest e-cigarette brand Relx to study health effects of vaping amid regulatory crackdowns. South China Morning Post, 2020. Sept 18, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/tech/science-research/article/3102028/chinas-largest-e-cigarette- brand-relx-study-health-effects

Caruana, D. European Harm Reduction Group Launches Manifesto on Behalf of Former Smokers. Vaping Post, 2020. July 18, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.vapingpost.com/2020/07/18/european-harm-reduction-group-launches-manifesto-on- behalf-of-former-smokers/

Chenoweth, N. Aussie SOS to the Koch brothers. Financial Review, 2020. May 21, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.afr.com/rear-window/aussie-sos-to-the-koch-brothers-20200520-p54upu

Cross, D. Mendelsohn Maligned. Planet of the Vapes, 2020. July 7, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.planetofthevapes.co.uk/news/vaping-news/2020-07-07_mendelsohn-maligned.html

ETHRA. The ETHRA manifesto. ETHRA, 2020. May 25, 2020. Retrieved from https://ethra.co/images/ETHRA_MANIFESTO.pdf

Rossel, S. Their Favorite Enemy. Tobacco Reporter, 2020. July 1, 2020. Retrieved from https://tobaccoreporter.com/2020/07/01/their-favorite-enemy/

Stafford, B. (2020). Pressure Tactics | How Big Tobacco Soured Vaping at C-Store | RegWatch (Live). Regulator Watch. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZLch7FWNdc

Chapman, S. Aussie vaping advocates’ latest lobbying fiasco. Simon Chapman AO ~ Public health, memoirs, music, 2020. March 16, 2020. Retrieved from https://simonchapman6.com/2020/03/16/aussie-vaping-advocates-latest-lobbying-fiasco/

Bogle, A. Tobacco giants lobby PM and key MPs with pro-vaping message. ABC News, 2020. Jan 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-01-10/tobacco-industry-sought- vaping-meetings-with-pm-and-cabinet/11855264

Stockton, B, Cave, T, Davies, M, & Chapman, M. (Producer). (2019, 23/11/19). Vaping giant Juul pushes for more addictive e-cigarettes. Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved from https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2019-11-23/vaping-giant-juul-pushes-for-more- addictive-e-cigarettes

Davies, M, Chapman, M, Kaspercevic, J, & Stockton, B. E Cigarette Manufacturer Juul Worked Closely to Challenge India's Ban. The Wire, 2019. Nov 25, 2019. Available from https://thewire.in/health/e- cigarette-juul-challenge-india-ban

Glantz, S. San Francisco voters crush Juul. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, 2019. Nov 6, 2019. Available from: https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/san-francisco-voters-crush-juul

Hayward, E. US vaping company Juul lobbies MPs in Britain to lift restrictions on e-cigarette adverts in the UK after Brexit. Daily Mail Australia, 2019. Nov 23, 2019. Available from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7716835/US-vaping-company-Juul-lobbies-MPs-Britain- lift-restrictions-e-cigarettes.html

Mercado, N. E-cigarette regulation tackled on Senate floor. Inquirer, 2019. Nov 27, 2019. Available from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1194915/e-cigarette-regulation-tackled-on-senate-floor

Blakely, R. Medical chief trolled by vaping lobby for health risk warning. The Times, 2019. Oct 26, 2019. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/medical-chief-trolled-by-vaping-lobby-for- health-risk-warning-52twnfz7f

LaVito, A. Juul hires ‘political dark arts’ firm led by ex-Clinton campaign director in its fight for survival. CNBC, 2019. Oct 1, 2019. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/01/vaping- company-juul-recruits-customers-for-shadow-grassroots-lobbying-campaign.html?par=sharebar

Milov, S. How the Vaping Industry Is Using a Defensive Tactic Pioneered Decades Ago by Big Tobacco. TIME, 2019. Oct 2, 2019. Available from: https://time.com/5688256/big-tobacco-vaping- preemption-laws/

No authors listed. Dr Colin Mendelsohn fails to disclose donations from vaping companies. ABC Media Watch, 2019. Oct 7, 2019.

Norcia, A. Get Ready for JUUL's Grassroots Rebrand. Vice, 2019. Oct 3, 2019. Available from: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/qvgwmp/get-ready-for-juuls-grassroots-rebrand

Snow, D. Australian Taxpayers Alliance under scrutiny over election role. The Sydney Morning Herald, 2019. Oct 26, 2019. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australian- taxpayers-alliance-under-scrutiny-over-election-role-20191025-p534b1.html

Weeks, C. E-cigarette companies join forces to lobby against proposed vaping regulations. The Globe and Mail, 2019. Oct 14, 2019. Available from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-e- cigarette-companies-join-forces-to-lobby-against-proposed-vaping/

Notopoulos, K. How I Went From Nonsmoker To Craven Juul Addict. Buzz Feed News, 2019. Sept 5, 2019. Available from: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/katienotopoulos/juul-user-privacy- publicity-new-york

Saker-Clark, H. UK’s biggest vaping firm attacks Government over smoking support cuts. Yahoo Finance, 2019. Sept 2, 2019. Available from: https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/uk-biggest-vaping- firm-attacks-230100309.html

Bogle, A, & Hutcheon, S. Smoke and mirrors: The nanny state critics behind the vape debate. ABC News, 2019. Aug 30, 2019. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-30/nanny-state- critics-behind-the-vaping-debate/11449806

Associated Press. Vaping companies sue to delay US review of e-cigarettes. Daily Mail Australia, 2019. Aug 15, 2019. Available from: https://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/wires/ap/article- 7357703/Vaping-companies-sue-delay-US-e-cigarette-review.html

Cai, K. Juul Shells Out $3 Million As San Francisco Vaping Ban Battle Intensifies. Forbes, 2019. Aug 6, 2019. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrickcai/2019/08/06/juul-july-3-million-sanfrancisco/#31aa6affcb5a

Ho, C. Juul-funded group takes legal action against SF over ballot measure. San Francisco Chronical , 2019. Aug 23, 2019. Available from: https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Juul-funded- group-takes-legal-action-against-SF-14374681.php

Kawamoto, D. Juul scores win in fight against Livermore e-cig ban San Francisco Business Times, 2019. Aug 20, 2019. Available from: https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2019/08/20/juul-scores-win-with-petition- gathering-campaign.html

Lardner, R., & Perrone, M. E-cigarette giant Juul’s campaign donations favor Democrats. AP News, 2019. Aug 1, 2019. Available from: https://apnews.com/1e83b65c2bf74faf832b02194d83f5b5

Olson, L, & Andrews, E [Re: Ballot Digest for November 2019 Vapor Products Initiative].2019. July 31, 2019.

Small, Z. 'I'm confused': MPs question tobacco firm Imperial Brands' anti-smoking motivation News Hub, 2019. Aug 28, 2019. Available from: https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2019/08/i-m- confused-mps-question-tobacco-firm-imperial-brands-anti-smoking-goals.html

Truth Initiative. Meharry Medical College Students To Host Townhall About 7.5 Million Grant From E- Cigarette Company JUUL. Cision PR Newswire, 2019. Aug 21, 2019. Available from:

26 https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/meharry-medical-college-students-to-host-townhall- about-7-5-million-grant-from-e-cigarette-company-juul-300905183.html

Walsh, J.News Digest: Livermore tobacco referendum clears hurdle, Friends of Pleasanton Library sale & Soccer parade downtown. Pleasanton Weekly, 2019. Aug 22, 2019. Available from: https://pleasantonweekly.com/news/2019/08/22/news-digest-livermore-tobacco-referendum- clears-hurdle-friends-of-pleasanton-library-sale--soccer-parade- downtown?utm_source=Truth+Initiative+Mailing+List&utm_campaign=80c4180ea2- Newsletter_165_2019_08_30&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c91fd8a5c5-80c4180ea2- 86471991

Blair, M. Big firms helping big tobacco get new products to market. Waatae News, 2019. July 31, 2019. Available from: https://www.waateanews.com/waateanews/x_news/MjIzMzM/Big-firms- helping-big-tobacco-get-new-products-to-market

Norton, K. Industry burns $200k on e-cig and smoking age regulation. VT Digger, 2019. July 5, 2019. Available from: https://vtdigger.org/2019/07/05/tobacco-industry-burns-200k-on-e-cig-regulation- during-legislative-session/

Glantz, S. Want to ruin your reputation? Juul is looking for a “Senior Scientific Advisor-US Government”. Cener for Tobacco Control Research and Education, 2019. June 16, 2019. Available from: https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/want-ruin-your-reputation-juul-looking-%E2%80%9Csenior- scientific-advisor-us-government%E2%80%9D

Hildreth, J. Meharry Medical College accepted JUUL's $7.5M grant with eyes wide open | Opinion. Tennessean, 2019. June 11, 2019. Available from: https://www.tennessean.com/story/opinion/2019/06/11/meharry-medical-college-juul-million- dollar-grant/1424503001/

No authors listed. Vaping device maker Juul pledges $7.5 million to research impact of e-cigarettes. CBS News, 2019. June 10, 2019. Available from: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/juul-electronic- cigarette-manufacturer-to-give-medical-college-million-grant-research-smoking-nicotine/

Cancer Action Network. Political Contributions from E-cigarette Manufacturer Juul Exposed by ACS CAN Campaign to Snuff Tobacco Money Out of California Politics. Cancer Action Network, American Cancer Society, 2019. May 9, 2019. Available from: https://www.fightcancer.org/releases/political- contributions-e-cigarette-manufacturer-juul-exposed-acs-can-campaign-snuff

Glantz, S. Juul top donor to California Democratic convention. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, 2019. June 1, 2019. Available from: https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/juul-top-donor- california-democratic-convention

Humphries, C. Vaping companies facing European opposition to higher nicotine level. Reuters, 2019. May 7, 2019. Available from: https://in.reuters.com/article/altria-group-juul/vaping-companies- facing-european-opposition-to-higher-nicotine-level-idINKCN1SD0YY

No authors listed. Declared U.S. Presidential Field and Vaping Positions. Vaping Post, 2019. May 28, 2019. Available from: https://www.vapingpost.com/declared-u-s-presidential-field-and-vaping- positions/

Kaplan, S. Scientists Wanted: Recruited by Juul, Many Researchers Say No. NY Times, 2019. May 27, 2019. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/27/health/juul-ecigarettes-science.html

Kaplan, S. In Washington, Juul Vows to Curb Youth Vaping. Its Lobbying in States Runs Counter to That Pledge. NY Times, 2019. Apr 28, 2019. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/28/health/juul-lobbying-states-ecigarettes.html

Blakely, TG. Access to e-cigarettes will improve Australia’s health. Pursuit The University of Melbourne, 2019. Mar 11, 2019. Available from: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/access-to- e-cigarettes-will-improve-australia-s-health

Kaplan, SR. Tobacco and E-Cigarette Lobbyists Circle as F.D.A. Chief Exits. The New York Times, 2019. Mar 15, 2019. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/15/health/tobacco-e-cigarettes- lobbying-fda.html

Mendelson, CW. Legalising Vaping in Australia. 2019. Available from: https://mckellinstitute.org.au/app/uploads/McKell-Institute-Vaping-in-Australia-1.pdf

No authors listed. Legalising vaping in Australia: a report by the McKell Institute. Australian Tobacco Harm Reduction Association, 2019. Mar 9, 2019. Available from: https://athra.org.au/vaping-in- australia-a-report-by-the-mckell-institute/

Turner, C. Tobacco companies are using e-cigarettes as a 'Trojan Horse', experts warn. Telegraph, 2019. Mar 2, 2019. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/02/tobacco- companies-using-e-cigarettes-trojan-horse-experts-warn/

Shine, R. British American Tobacco pushes for e-cigarette regulations, saying WA could 'champion' change. ABC News, 2019. Feb 22, 2019. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02- 22/british-american-tobacco-pushes-for-wa-e-cigarette-regulations/10841780

McMinn, S. Juul Builds Lobbying Clout In Washington. NPR, 2019. Jan 23, 2019. Available from: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/01/23/687695691/juul-builds-lobbying-clout-in- washington?t=1548321454023

Becker, R. Juul’s nicotine salts are dominating the market — and other companies want in. The Verge, 2018. Nov 21, 2018. Available from: https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/21/18105969/juul- vaping-nicotine-salts-electronic-cigarettes-myblu-vuse-markten

Caruana, D. Why We Should Drop The Term “E-Cigarettes”. Vaping Post, 2018. Dec 4, 2018. Available from: https://www.vapingpost.com/2018/12/04/why-we-should-drop-the-term-e- cigarettes/

Glantz, S. Juul working to sidestep nicotine regulation in EU. UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education,2018 Nov 30, 2018. Available from: https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/juul-working- sidestep-nicotine-regulation-eu

Meyer, T. Juul hires even more lobbyists Politico, 2018. Dec 4, 2018. Available from: https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-influence/2018/12/04/juul-hires-even-more- lobbyists-440156

Woellert, L, & Owermohle, S. Juul tries to make friends in Washington as regulators circle. Politico, 2018.Dec 8, 2018. Available from: https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/08/juul-lobbying- washington-1052219

Han, E. 'Independent' doctor-led vaping group accepts tobacco-tainted funding. Brisbane Times, 2018. Oct 25, 2018. Available from: https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/healthcare/independent- doctor-led-vaping-group-accepts-tobacco-tainted-funding-20181004- p507rq.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed

Kaplan, S. Flashy Science Hub and Vaping Parties Fail to Win Friends at W.H.O. Tobacco Talks. The New York Times, 2018. Oct 7, 2018. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/07/health/tobacco-e-cigarettes-treaty.html

LaVito, A. E-cigarette maker Juul boosts lobbying spending as regulatory scrutiny increases. CNBC, 2018. Oct 23, 2018. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/23/juul-e-cigarette-maker- boosts-lobbying-spending-as-fda-cracks-down.html

Knaus, C. Philip Morris lobbying on e-cigarettes hidden from Australian public The Guardian, 2018. Oct 4, 2018. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/oct/03/philip- morris-lobbying-on-e-cigarettes-hidden-from-australian-public

Mateescu, R. Campaigners Ask The World Health Organization To Give Vaping A Chance. Advocator, 2018. Oct 3, 2018. Available from: https://advocator.ca/health/campaigners-ask-the-world-health- organization-to-give-vaping-a-chance/6328

Weixel, N. Juul boosts lobbying amid FDA scrutiny. The Hill, 2018. Oct 15, 2018. Available from: https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/410671-juul-boosts-lobbying-amid-fda-scrutiny

Ashworth, L. Industry groups call on World Health Organisation to change stance on vaping. City A.M., 2018. Sept 26, 2018. Available from: http://www.cityam.com/263791/industry-groups-call- world-health-organisation-change

Black, M. Fired-up vaping advocates argue health is at centre of legalisation campaign in Canberra. ABC News, 2018. Sept 2, 2018. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-02/vaping- advocates-argue-health-is-at-centre-of-campaign/10179224

Han, E. Illegal 'mega-raffle' run by vaping shops shut down by NSW authorities. The Sydney Morning Herald, 2018. Sept 6, 2018. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/healthcare/illegal-mega-raffle- run-by-vaping-shops-shut-down-by-nsw-authorities-20180905-p501tz.html

Stafford, B. (Producer). (2018, 5 September 2018). NAVA Launch | Vaping Alliance Promotes Unified Standards Regulator Watch. Retrieved from https://www.regulatorwatch.com/brent_stafford/nava- launch-vaping-alliance-promotes-unified-standards/

Han, Esther. Secret industry funding of doctor-led vaping lobby group laid bare. The Sydney Morning Herald, 2018. Aug 26, 2018. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/healthcare/secret-industry- funding-of-doctor-led-vaping-lobby-group-laid-bare-20180823-p4zzc5.html

Golden, Gillian. Inconsistent and erratic regulators risk stifling our thriving vaping industry. City A.M, 2018. June 12, 2018. Available from: http://www.cityam.com/287123/inconsistent-and-erratic- regulators-risk-stifling-our

No authors listed. Cory Bernardi says vaping ban defies logic in bizarre Valentine’s Day stunt. News.com.au, 2018. Feb 19, 2018. Available from: http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/cory- bernardi-says-vaping-ban-defies-logic-in-bizarre-valentines-day-stunt/news- story/b592bef410b8086b2d19ad7da5b073fc?from=rss-basic

Weber, Jason. FDA rule lets Big Tobacco crush vape products. The Register-Guard, 2018. Jan 16, 2018. Available from: http://registerguard.com/rg/opinion/36324642-78/fda-rule-lets-big-tobacco- crush-vape-products.html.csp

Gartrell, Adam. Exposed: big tobacco's behind-the-scenes 'astroturf' campaign to change vaping laws. The Sydney Morning Herald, 2017. July 12, 2017. Available from: http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/exposed-big-tobaccos-behindthescenes- astroturf-campaign-to-change-vaping-laws-20170712-gx9lsl.html

No authors listed. Take a stand against big tobacco's e-cigarette push. The Age, 2017. July 14, 2017. Available from: http://www.theage.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/take-a-stand-against-big- tobaccos-ecigarette-push-20170713-gxaeyr

No authors listed. E Cigarettes & Vapourizer - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Analysis and Forecast 2017 – 2022. Digital Journal, 2017. Available from: http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/3426949

Davey, Melissa. Failure to publish tobacco and alcohol submissions to drug policy review 'alarming', say experts. Guardian, 2017. Apr 27, 2017. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/australia- news/2017/apr/27/failure-to-publish-tobacco-and-alcohol-submissions-to-drugs-policy-review- alarming-say-experts

Gillette, Felix , Kaplan, Jennifer, Chambers, Sam. Big Tobacco Has Caught Startup Fever. Bloomberg News, 2017. Mar 8, 2017. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-03- 08/big-tobacco-has-caught-startup- fever?utm_source=LinkedIn&utm_medium=Sprinklr&utm_campaign=Corporate%20Affairs

Myers, Matthew L. Tobacco Companies Gave $1.5 Million to Trump Inaugural and Ramped Up Lobbying – They Want to Roll Back FDA Oversight of E-Cigarettes, Cigars. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids (CTFK), 2017. Apr 21, 2017. Available from: http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press_releases/post/2017_04_21_trump

No authors listed. British American Tobacco — killer company, deadly products. Action on Smoking and Health, 2017. Apr 25, 2017. Available from: https://medium.com/@ASH_LDN/british-american- tobacco-killer-company-deadly-products-e1e95326aaa6

Thacker, Paul D. Inside the Academic Journal That Corporations Love. The Cornucopia Institute, 2017. Apr 25, 2017. Available from: https://www.cornucopia.org/2017/04/science-bought-paid/

No authors listed. FDA approval for iQOS to be a game changer for Altria. Forbes, 2016. Dec 30, 2016. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/12/30/fda-approval- for-iqos-to-be-a-game-changer-for-altria/#53c07aee1a36

McKeganey, Neil, Dickson, Tiffany. The Pleasure of Smoking - The Views of Confirmed Smokers. McKeganey research, Dec 2016. Available from: http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/782462/27390673/1482788582747/CSUR_Pleasure_of_Smoki ng.pdf?token=chNANi0TJA5VPBp0%2FqtOzcO%2FKcM%3D

No authors listed. CSR funder statement, 2016. Centre for Substance Use Research, 2016. Available from: http://substanceuseresearch.org/funders/