National Nile Basin Water Quality Monitoring Baseline Report For

Nile Basin Initiative Transboundary EnvironmentalAction Project National Nile Basin Water Quality Monitoring Baseline Report for UGANDA NILEBASIN INITIATIVE THE NILE BASIN TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PROJECT BASELINE STUDY OF THE STATUS OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN UGANDA BY MOSES OTIM APRIL 2005 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ V LIST OF BOXES........................................................................................................ VI ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................IX 1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................16 1.1 THE NILE BASIN............................................................................................16 1.2 THE NILE BASIN IN UGANDA...............................................................................17 1.3 GEOLOGY .......................................................................................................19 1.4 MINERALISATION...............................................................................................21 1.4 MINERALISATION...............................................................................................22 1.5 GEOMORPHOLOGY..........................................................................................22 1.6 CATCHMENT SOILS............................................................................................23 1.7 CLIMATE ..........................................................................................................23 1.8 LAND COVER ...................................................................................................24 1.9 LAND USE.........................................................................................................26 2.0 THE NILE BASIN WATER RESOURCES IN UGANDA .......................................28 2.1 SURFACE WATER SOURCES .................................................................................28 2.2 GROUND WATER..............................................................................................34 2.3 THE WETLANDS AND THEIR VALUES ......................................................................34 2.4 WATER RESOURCES: USE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN UGANDA .....................................38 2.4.1 Water for domestic use ......................................................................38 2.4.2 Water for production ..........................................................................38 2.4.3 Other water uses .................................................................................39 2.5 BASIN WATER BIOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY..............................................................39 2.6 WATER RESOURCE QUALITY CONCERNS...............................................................41 2.7 NEED FOR THE BASELINE SURVEY..........................................................................41 2.8 OVERVIEW OF OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS OF THE SURVEY.......................................42 3.0 BASELINE SURVEY ORGANISATION AND METHODOLOGY........................43 3.1 REVIEW OF EXISTING DOCUMENTATION...............................................................43 3.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS ...........................................................44 3.3 USE OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS..................................................................44 3.4 SPECIALISED DATA ............................................................................................45 3.5 GEOGRAPHICAL STRATEGY AND STUDY POPULATION............................................45 3.6 FIELD VISITS.......................................................................................................45 3.7 THE MANPOWER STRATEGY................................................................................46 4.0 BASELINE SURVEY RESULTS ........................................................................47 4.1 WATER RESOURCE POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK......................47 4.1.1 Background and rationale ................................................................47 i 4.1.2 History of water resources monitoring and management activities .........................................................................................................48 4.1.3 Policy Framework for Water Resources Management..................49 4.1.4 The legal framework ...........................................................................50 4.1.5 Enabling Regulations for Water Resources and Water Quality Management................................................................................................52 4.2 WATER RESOURCES: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE, MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS......................................................................................54 4.2.1 National Structure for Management of Water Resources ............54 4.2.2 Management structure for WRMD ...................................................55 4.2.3 Private service providers, User Groups and Associations..............56 4.2.5 The Private sector ................................................................................58 4.2.6 Non-Governmental organizations ....................................................58 4.2.7 Basin and Catchment conservation projects.................................59 4.2.9 Other Government and Research Institutions ................................60 4.2.10 Water Quality Monitoring and surveillance ..................................60 4.3 WATER QUALITY MONITORING LABORATORIES, THEIR CAPACITIES AND REGIONAL INITIATIVES ..............................................................................................................61 4.3.1 Water Resources Management Department.................................61 4.3.2 The Fisheries Resources Research Institute ......................................62 4.3.3 National Water and Sewerage Corporation, and other service providers.........................................................................................................63 4.3.4 The Government Analytical Laboratory..........................................64 4.3.5 Academic and research Institutions ................................................64 4.3.7 The regulated community: Industry..................................................64 4.3.8 LVEMP: Water Quality Monitoring and Ecosystems Management Component...................................................................................................65 4.3.9 The Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation..........................................66 4.3.10 The Nile Basin Water Resources Project.........................................66 4.4 WATER QUALITY: BASELINE STATUS......................................................................66 4.4.1 Point and non-point sources..............................................................66 4.4.2 Water quality: rivers, streams and wetlands ...................................62 4.4.3 Lake water quality...............................................................................63 4.4.4 Groundwater sources.........................................................................67 4.4.5 Private sector initiatives: some case studies ...................................68 4.4.6 Water quality concerns: response from the Districts......................70 4.4.7 Water quality research .......................................................................70 4.4.8 Summary of major threats to water quality.....................................70 4.5 COLLABORATION AMONG INSTITUTIONS IN WATER QUALITY MONITORING..............71 4.6 INVENTORY AND CAPACITY OF LABORATORIES .....................................................72 4.6.1 Laboratory status.................................................................................72 4.6.2 Training and development opportunities........................................72 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENTATIONS...................................................74 5.1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING GAPS ...................................................................74 5.2 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GAPS .................................................................75 5.3 SPATIAL ISSUES AND TOOLS IN WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ....................................76 ii 5.4 THE FUTURE ......................................................................................................77 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................78 APPENDICES ..........................................................................................................82 APPENDIX 1: INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION.....................................................83 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF CONSULTED INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS .................................89 APPENDIX 3: INVENTORY OF LABORATORIES INVOLVED IN WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS.......91 APPENDIX 4: WATER RESOURCES MONITORING NETWORKS .........................................70 Appendix 4.1.1: Map of Water quality monitoring

Load more