TORO- GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

A Growing Population of Kobs in the Reserve

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...... v FOREWORD...... vi APPROVAL...... vii ACRONYMS...... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... x PART 1: BACKGROUND...... 1.1 THE PLANNING PROCESS...... 1 1.1.1 The Planning team...... 1 1.2 ENABLING POLICY AND LEGISLATION...... 2 1.2.1 Constitution of The Republic Of Uganda 1995...... 2 1.2.2 Biodiversity management policies...... 2 1.2.3 Legal framework for biodiversity management...... 3 1.2.4 National Development Plans...... 6 1.2.5 International and Regional frameworks for biodiversity management in Uganda...... 6 PART 2: RESERVE DESCRIPTION AND MANAGEMENT...... 7 2.1 Location...... 8 2.2 Access...... 9 2.3 Reserve management history...... 9 2.4 Climate and Hydrology...... 10 2.5 Geology and Soils...... 12 2.6 Socio-Economic Environment...... 15 2.7 Flora (Vegetation)...... 16 2.7.1 Land cover 1964...... 16 2.7.2 Land cover description between 2007 - 1990...... 17 2.7.3 Land Cover Trends in TSWR between 1990–2016...... 19 2.7.4 TSWR Land Cover in 2017...... 20 2.8 Fauna...... 22 2.8.1 distribution in the reserve...... 22 2.8.2 Distribution of in the Reserve...... 27 2.9 Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve Surrounding Ecosystems...... 32 2.9.1 (Bordering TSWR)...... 32 2.9.2 The Semliki Flats...... 32 2.9.3 The Rwangara Wetland Area...... 32 2.10 Sensitivity of TSWR Ecosystems...... 33 2.11 Distribution of Features Critical for Animal Survival...... 35 2.11.1 Watering Points...... 36 2.11.2 Kobleks...... 36 2.11.3 Salt Licks...... 36 PART 3: RESERVE CONSERVATION VALUES, PURPOSE AND MANAGEMENT ZONES...... 37 3.1 TSWR conservation values...... 38 3.2 TSWR ten years’ management purpose...... 38 3.3 TSWR management zones...... 39 3.3.1 Zone descriptions...... 39 PART 4: MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS, OUTPUTS AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES...... 42 4.1 MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS...... 43 4.1.1 Resource conservation and management program...... 43 4.1.2 Research and Ecological Monitoring program...... 53 4.1.3 Capacity development program...... 57

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 II TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 4.1.4 Community conservation program...... 63 4.1.5 Tourism development & financial sustainability program...... 69 4.1.6 Governance & Corporate affairs program...... 79 PART 5: COST ESTIMATES...... 81 PART 6: MONITORING AND EVALUATION...... 87 6.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework...... 88 APPENDIX 1: Monitoring and Evaluation tables...... 89 Appendix 2: Challenges and issues generated and prioritized during the planning process...... 141 2.1 Resource conservation and management...... 141 2.2 Research and ecological monitoring...... 142 2.3 Capacity development...... 143 2.4 Community conservation...... 144 2.5 Tourism development and Financial sustainability...... 145 2.6 Governance and Corporate affairs...... 146 Appendix 3: Benefits from the Reserve as identified by stakeholders consulted...... 147 Appendix 4: List of related legal instruments such as International Conventions and Protocols in Uganda...... 148 Appendix 5:List of Stakeholders and their roles identified...... 149 Appendix 6: List of Planning Team members...... 153 Appendix 7: List of species in TSWR...... 154 APPENDIX 8: List of participants during stakeholder consultations...... 161 Appendix 9: Summary of the end of 2001-2017 GMP evaluation report...... 165 Evaluation Type and Purpose...... 165 Scope of evaluation...... 165 Review Methodology...... 165 Limitations...... 166 Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations...... 167 Findings are based on evidence provided either from documents through document review or provided by key informants through interviews and focus group discussion and direct observation REFERENCES...... 168 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: A diagrammatic representation of UWA General Management Planning Process...... 1 Figure 2: Map showing the location of Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve...... 8 Figure 3: Rainfall Map for Toro-Semliki...... 11 Figure 4: Average monthly Rainfall Distribution pattern in TSWR...... 12 Figure 5: Geological Units in the Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve (A) and the related Soil Units (B).....27 Figure 6: Map showing TSWR Habitats in 1964 which have changed over time...... 13 Figure 7: Land Cover Trends from 1990–2016...... 17 Figure 8: 2017 TSWR Land Cover map...... 20 Figure 9: Data Based on Aerial Results (A) Increase in Uganda Kob (B) Increase in Buffalos...... 21 Figure 10: Graph showing decrease in Elephants...... 25 Figure 11: Distribution of Key Large Mammals in TSWR...... 26 Figure 12: Shoebill Sites...... 30 Figure 13: Bird Sightings in TSWR...... 31 Figure 14: Overall Sensitivity Map of TSWR...... 34 Figure 15: Features Critical for Animal Survival in TSWR...... 35 Figure 16: Map showing TSWR management zones...... 41

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 III TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Figure 17: Graph showing incidences of illegal activities...... 49 Figure 18: Patrol effort comparison graphs, maps and tables...... 50 Figure 19: Map showing cattle grazing and poaching incidences...... 51 Figure 20: Map showing the extent of invasive species...... 55 Figure 21: Map showing current ranger outposts...... 62 Figure 22: Graph showing Revenue sharing trends from 2005 to 2016...... 64 Figure 23: Maps showing population distribution in sub-counties surrounding the reserve...... 67 Figure 24: Map showing existing and proposed infrastructure...... 70 Figure 25: Chart showing revenue totals from each revenue source for each year...... 74 Figure 26: Graph showing revenue total for three years (2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018)...... 75 Figure 27: Map showing proposed route for water tourism...... 76 Figure 28: Graph showing visitor numbers for the last six years...... 77 Figure 29: Pie chart comparing tourist numbers with NPs over the last six years...... 78 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: The Chimpanzee and De brazza Monkey as examples of Primate spp in the Reserve...... Plate 2: on the water pool inside TSWR...... 7 Plate 3: A) Surface Cracks in Semliki Series Soil Unit B) Galleys Formed along the Road in TSWR....14 Plate 4: A) Soil Profile of the Wasa Soil Complex...... 14 Plate 5: Fish landing...... 15 Plate 6: Cattle Grazing in Rwebisengo within Semliki Flats area...... 16 Plate 7: Shrub and Wooded Vegetation along Meandering River Wassa...... 18 Plate 8: Typical Riverine Forest around Mugiri...... 18 Plate 9: Swamp Vegetation in Rwangara...... 19 Plate 10: A Bushbuck in TSWR...... 25 Plate 11: Some species of Birds in TSWR...... 28 Plate 12: Shoe bill...... 29 Plate 13: Semliki Flats...... 32 Plate 14: Rwangara Wetland Area...... 33 Plate 15: Koblek in TSWR...... 36 Plate 16: TSWR landscape interspersed with Uganda Kobs...... 37 Plate 17: Example of illegal activities -Debarking of trees...... 42 Plate 18: Negative impacts of public roads inside PAs-African Civet...... 42 Civettictis civetta) knocked by a speeding car (Road kills)...... 44 Plate 19: Picture showing poor garbage management within Kanara Town Council...... 45 Plate 20: Photograph showing good waste management practice at Karugutu wildlife reserve headquarters...... 45 Plate 21: Photograph showing a dead African civet near as a result of being knocked crossing the road (road kill)...... 47 Plate 22: Photograph showing a team of Rangers on patrol...... 50 Plate 23: Photograph showing burnt areas inside the reserve...... 52 Plate 24: Photograph showing a thicket of Dichrostachys cineria around Kachwankumu area...... 55 Plate 25: Photograph showing the floods towards Rwebisengo section of the reserve...... 56 Plate 26: Photograph showing a water poll inside the Reserve drying up...... 56 Plate 27: Dried water pond inside the Reserve...... 87 TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 IV TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) funded and prepared this General Management Plan. During the early stages of the planning process, an analysis of stakeholders was done that gave guidance on the consultations made. Special appreciation goes to the District leadership of Kabarole and Ntoroko who nominated both Technical and Political staff to be part of the planning team and for voicing concerns to raise the status of the Reserve to National Park level. In addition, UWA appreciates the contributions from stakeholders during consultations at Resource use level, Sub- county level, District level and at National Level through face to face and media consultations. Uganda Wildlife Authority acknowledges the commitment of the Planning Team Members (Appendix 6), Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve field staff as well as staff from the Conservation Area (CA) headquarters whose tireless efforts brought this planning effort to reality. Appreciation also goes to the Uganda Wildlife Authority Top Management and members of the Board of Trustees who were instrumental in providing guidance to the planning team. Special thanks also goes to Mr. Edgar Buhanga, Mr. Richard Kapere and M/S Florence Kyalimpa for their role as a planning team secretariat who continuously edited this Management Plan to bring it to the desired quality.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 V TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 FOREWORD Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve (TSWR) is a habitat to a number of endangered species (IUCN red list) including the chimpanzees in the central savanna and the riverine forests of Mugiri, Wasa, and Nyaburogo rivers. It is also a host of about 400 bird species notably among which are the endangered shoebill, and pigmy kingfisher. These are found on the shores of L. Albert and in the neighbouring Rwangara Community Wildlife Area, which is a permanent wetland. The preparation of management plans for Protected Areas is a statutory requirement as Government recognizes the importance of planning as a management tool. This General Management Plan is therefore aimed at providing Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve management team with guidance towards sustainable management of the ecosystem as well as proper development of infrastructure and facilities.

One way of promoting conservation of wildlife is through forming strategic partnerships with all stakeholders. Accordingly, UWA’s planning manual (2003) requires that management plans for Protected Areas are prepared with full stakeholder participation. The preparation of this plan was through a multidisciplinary and consultative approach involving various stakeholders at community, sub-county, district, and national levels to ensure that all concerns are adequately addressed. This plan has been approved out at a time when leaders of Ntoroko and Kabarole Districts have requested for the upgrading of the reserve to a national park status. This is demonstration of the confidence the public has in the management of UWA.

Having taken into consideration emerging opportunities and challenges, I am confident that implementation of this plan will enjoy the support of all stakeholders. It is my strong conviction that the plan will enhance the conservation and management of TSWR for the benefit and enjoyment of the present and future generations. Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) is committed to the continued sustainable management of the reserve ecosystem. This can only be achieved through proper long-term planning, which government has already identified and provided for in the Uganda Wildlife Act 2019.

I would like to thank all those who worked tirelessly to prepare this General Management Plan. Special thanks go to the Planning Unit and the Planning team for the time and effort put into the process. Allow me to also express my gratitude to the entire Board of Trustees for their valuable comments, which enabled us to improve the document.

It is with great pleasure that I now entrust the Chief Warden of Kibale Conservation Area and particularly the Warden in Charge Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve with the authority to implement this General Management Plan for the next ten financial years.

Sam Mwandha EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

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APPROVAL The 8th Board of Trustees of Uganda Wildlife Authority at their 38th sitting of 1st October 2019 at UWA Headquarters approved this General Management Plan for implementation. The implementation of this plan shall take effect from July 2020 to June 2029.

Sam Mwandha Benjamin Nelson Otto Executive Director Chairman, Board of Trustees

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 VII TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 ACRONYMS AOP Annual Operations Plan BoT Board of Trustees CA Conservation Area CAO Chief Administrative Officer CBO Community Based Organization CCR Community Conservation Ranger CHA Controlled Hunting Area CNOOC Community Conservation Ranger China National Offshore Oil Corporation DEO District Environment Officer DTBS Director Tourism, and Business Services DVO District Veterinary Officer ED Executive Director EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMRU Ecological Monitoring and Research Unit ENR Environment and Natural Resources FD Forest Department FMP Fire Management Plan GMP General Management Plan KANCA General Management Plan Kabarole NGOs and CBOs Association LG Local Government LVFO Fisheries Organization MEIA/MO Manager EIA& Oil Monitoring MoU Memorandum of Understanding NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NEMA National Environment Management Authority NFA National Forestry Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organization PA Protected Area RBDC Ranger based data collection SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool TM Top Management TSWR Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve UFNCMP Uganda Forestry Nature Conservation Master Plan UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UPDF Uganda Peoples Defence Forces UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority WCC Warden Community Conservation WEM Warden Ecological Monitoring WIC Warden in Charge WLE Warden Law Enforcement WR Wildlife Reserve WT Warden Tourism

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 VIII TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Toro-Semliki WR (TSWR) covers an area of 542 km2. It is located in Western Uganda in Ntoroko and Kabarole Districts. The geographical coordinates for this Reserve are 30020’ E- 0053’N, 29057’ - 30011’E. Adjoining the north and northwest boundary are the Semliki Flats. The Ntoroko-Kanara Wildlife Sanctuary borders the north-eastern tip of the reserve in contiguity with Lake Albert. The eastern boundary of the reserve is marked by the rim of the Rift Valley escarpment. The Purpose of conserving TSWR for the next ten years is “to protect and conserve TSWR, as a critical habitat for endangered and vulnerable species for the benefit of the National and International community”.

In trying to achieve the above conservation purpose, the following values as identified during the planning process shall be observed; i. The Scenic beauty including the Escarpment, Gorges, Lake Albert, Riverine forests, Waterfalls and Flat land forms (lake Albert flats, Semliki flats, and Kaplate among others) ii. Critical habitat for the endangered animal species like the Shoe bill, Elephants and Chimpanzees. iii. Critical breeding habitat for Fish around the confluence of Rivers Muzizi, Wasa and the wetlands infringing the Lake shore. iv. Provision of opportunities for Education and Research v. Unique dry habitat chimpanzees that inhabit riverine forests of Mugiri and Nyaburogo rivers.

In order for the park management to implement the planned activities efficiently and effectively, the park has been zoned into the following zones; i. Tourism zone ii. Wilderness zone iii. Administrative zone iv. Collaborative resource use zone

Planned activities in each of the zones above shall be implemented in the management programmes as described in the subsequent sections of this plan with the aim of achieving the following program objectives and outputs:

Resource conservation and management program Program objective: To restore and maintain healthy ecosystem in the PA Output 1: Critical habitats for wildlife well protected and managed Output 2: Negative impacts of extractive industries and developments minimized Output 3: Illegal activities in the PA reduced

Research and ecological monitoring program Program objective: To generate scientific and management oriented information for wildlife management.

Output 1: Scientific and management oriented information for wildlife management generated

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 IX TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 and shared. Output 2: Negative impacts of climate change and disasters minimized Capacity development program Program objective: To ensure effective and efficient operations of the Reserve Output 1: Adequate, skilled and motivated staff in place Output 2: Adequate, appropriate and functional infrastructure including equipment and vehicles in place

Community conservation program Program objective: To minimize conservation conflicts while enhancing wildlife appreciation and benefits Output 1: Community livelihoods supported from benefits of wildlife conservation Output 2: Human-wildlife conflicts mitigated Output 3: Understanding and appreciation of wildlife conservation around the Reserve enhanced.

Tourism and Financial sustainability program Program objective: To increase the number of tourists visiting TSWR and ensure visitor satisfaction Output 1: Identified tourism infrastructure and facilities in the GMP developed and maintained Output 2: New Tourism products developed Output 3: Tourist numbers increased by 10% per annum

Governance and Corporate Affairs program Program objective: To enhance GMP implementation and decision making within the management of the Reserve

Output 1: Annual operation plans to implement the GMP developed and implemented. The successful implementation of this plan shall be achieved if the stakeholders and partners identified in this plan support its implementation through the allocation of the key resources including time, labour and funds. The estimated funds to implement each of the planned activities over a ten-year period are shown in detail under part 5 (Cost estimates) of this plan.

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Plate 1: The Chimpanzee and De brazza Monkey as examples of Primate spp in the Reserve

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 1.1 THE PLANNING PROCESS 1.1.1 The Planning team The Planning process for TSWR started with the selection of a multi-disciplinary team, which was involved in the solicitation of views and identification of proposals for the management of the reserve. A planning team was composed of 13 people including 5 representatives from the Local government as shown in appendix 6. The team conducted a series of planning steps to come up with this Plan. Among them was the field reconnaissance where members were exposed to all issues in the field; stakeholder consultation process where various members of the communities including the user groups, community leaders, sub-county and district leaders, were consulted regarding their views on the reserve management. Thereafter a proposal generation workshop was held for the planning team to harmonize views received from various stakeholders and agree on proposals for the General Management Plan. Also, the team considered the report on the 2007-2017 GMP end evaluation report from monitoring and evaluation unit in appendix 9. In summary, the process to develop the Plan went through the normal UWA GMP planning process whose detailed steps are shown in the flow chart below. Stakeholders and their respective roles were identified through the planning process as shown in appendix 5. UGANDA WILDLIFE AUTHORITY GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING

Figure 1: A diagrammatic representation of UWA General Management Planning Process TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 1 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 1.2 ENABLING POLICY AND LEGISLATION It is essential for PA managers to understand some of the relevant laws that empower them to do their work and the legal notices by which the Reserve was established. With this knowledge, they can effectively conduct law enforcement work, ensure appropriate stakeholder participation in the management of the PA and address any challenges to its integrity. Some of the Policies and Laws pertaining to Wildlife and biodiversity are explained below. 1.2.1 Constitution of The Republic Of Uganda 1995 The over-all legal framework for biodiversity management in Uganda is the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (amended 2005). The National Constitution provides the following provisions for biodiversity management within which this plan is hinged. a) Protection of natural resources: Objective No. XXVII provides that natural resources shall be managed in such a way as to meet the development and environmental needs of the present and future generations of Uganda, particularly by taking all measures to prevent or minimize damage and destruction to land, air and water resources resulting from pollution or any other kind of natural resource degradation. b) Management of natural resources: Article 237 (2)(b) gives powers to Government or Local Government as determined by Parliament by law to hold in trust for the people and protect natural lakes, rivers, wetlands, forests, game and forest reserves, national parks and any land to be reserved for ecological and to touristic purposes for the common good of all citizens. c) Article 245 empowers Parliament to provide, through law for measures to manage the environment and promote sustainable development as well as environmental awareness. d) Article 286 of the Constitution gives effect to international treaties, which Uganda was a party to before the promulgation of the Constitution in 1995. 1.2.2 Management Policies National Environment Management Policy (1995) The National Environment Management Policy (1995) provides for the institutional structure as well as policy measures for biodiversity management in Uganda. The over-all goal of the policy is sustainable social and economic development, which maintains or enhances environmental quality and resource productivity on a longer-term basis that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The specific objectives of the policy are: a) Enhance health and quality of life of all Ugandans and promote long-term sustainable economic development through sound environmental and natural resources management and use. b) Integrate environmental concerns in all development-oriented policies, planning and activities at national, district and local levels, with participation of the people. c) Conserve, preserve and restore ecosystems and maintain ecological processes and life support systems, including conservation of national biodiversity. d) Optimize resource use and achieve sustainable level of resource consumption. e) Raise public awareness to understand and appreciate linkages between environment and development. f) Ensure individual and community participation in environmental improvement activities Among other things, the policy recognises that PAs are the cornerstone of national efforts to protect biological diversity. It suggested a mechanism for collaboration between Protected Areas management and the neighboring communities to foster conflict resolution by involvement of local communities in the planning, management and decision making process in regard to PAs. The policy is currently under review to include emerging issues like invasive species, TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 2 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 climate change, and management of chemicals, petroleum development among others, which were not included in the current policy. This management plan addresses the policy provisions through the various programs such as resource conservation and management, ecological monitoring and research, community conservation and tourism development among others. The Uganda Wildlife Policy, 2014 The Wildlife Policy vision for the Wildlife Sector is “Sustainably managed and developed wildlife resources and healthy ecosystems in a developed Uganda. The Policy goal is to conserve wildlife resources of Uganda in a manner that contributes to the sustainable development of the nation and the well-being of its people. The Policy objectives are as follows; i. To promote sustainable management of Uganda’s wildlife Protected areas ii. To sustainably manage wildlife populations in and outside Protected areas iii. To promote sustainable and equitable utilization of wildlife resources as a viable form of land use for national economic development iv. To effectively mitigate human wildlife conflicts v. To promote wildlife research and training vi. To promote conservation education and awareness across the nation vii. To ensure net positive impacts of exploration and development of extractive industries and other forms of development in wildlife conservation areas viii. To effectively combat wildlife related crime ix. To promote and support local, regional and global partnerships for conservation of wildlife According to the following Policy strategies; i.e. Manage all Protected Areas in accordance with National Protected Area Systems Plan, General Management Plans, Annual Operational Plans and other regulations; and Restore all degraded wildlife protected areas in accordance with approved management plans, the preparation of this General Management Plan for TSWR is in the right direction as highlighted in the Wildlife Policy 2014 and once implemented, this plan will go a long way in addressing the Wildlife Policy provisions. The Tourism Policy of Uganda, 2015 The Tourism Policy recognizes that in the 1960’s Uganda was a main tourism destination in Eastern and therefore tourism was one of the major economic sectors for the country. Unfortunately, the turmoil of the 1970’s and 1980’s drastically reduced wildlife numbers and destroyed infrastructure resulting into reduced numbers of tourists. This policy is aimed at ensuring that tourism becomes a vehicle for poverty eradication in the future to the extent possible within the resource base and market limitations. It further recognizes UWA’s role and contribution towards the achievement of this objective. This is mainly in the area of managing and developing the extensive resource base as well as developing and marketing various products. The policy further emphasizes the need to facilitate the flow of tourists within the region and promotion of as a single tourist destination. This management plan aims at attracting high numbers of visitors to TSWR through development of tourist attractions and promotional activities so that both domestic and internal visitors are able to plan TSWR as part of their itinerary in their entire package. 1.2.3 Legal framework for Biodiversity Management Wildlife Act, Cap 200 of 2000 This provides for establishment of wildlife conservation areas and management of wildlife resources in these areas and outside. The Act also establishes wildlife use right and the institutional framework for programme development and implementation. The Act requires the Executive

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 3 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Director to prepare or cause to be prepared a comprehensive General Management Plan for each wildlife protected areas in consultation with various stakeholders including the district council and the general public. It provides for the publication and review of the GMP accordingly. Development of this plan is therefore in line and in fulfillment of the legal provisions of the Wildlife Act. The Environment Act (cap 153) The object of the National Environment Act is to further the principles of environmental management by facilitating the conservation and enhancement of the environment. The Act provides for Wildlife protection and contains provisions, which can be applied to the protection and sustainable use of wildlife. It includes provisions for the conservation of biological resources in situ, and the selection and management of protected and buffer areas. The act also provides a basis for environmental impact assessment. Different sections of the management plan address the provisions of this Act. The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 The Act provides for among other things, the conservation, sustainable management and development of forests, and the promotion of tree planting for the benefit of people of Uganda and the international community. It classifies forests in Uganda as central forest reserves, local forest reserves, community forests and forests forming part of a wildlife conservation area declared under the Uganda Wildlife Statute, 1996. The Act recognizes various stakeholders in the management of forest reserves, which should be guided by the Management Plan prepared by the responsible body. In addition, the Act aims at ensuring that forests and trees are conserved and managed in a manner that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the rights of future generations by safeguarding forest biological diversity and the environmental benefits that accrue from forest and trees. This management plan therefore provides for conservation of riverine forests within the reserve to ensure that the present generations use the forest resources sustainably to meet the demands of the future generations. The plan also promotes tree planting within the surrounding communities through the community conservation program. 1.2.4 National Development Plans Biodiversity management in Uganda is mainstreamed into development plans including the Uganda Vision 2040, the National Development Plan II (2015/16 – 2019/20), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015 - 2025), National Tourism Sector Development Plan 2015/16 – 2019/20 and UWA Strategic Plan revised edition 2015/16-2019/20. The implementation of UWA Strategic plan is achieved through implementation of the various PA specific GMPs hence contributing to the overall achievement of the various objectives of the National Plans. Their main focus is to ensure that biodiversity concerns are adequately catered for in national development. Uganda Vision 2040 Uganda Vision 2040 provides development paths and strategies to operationalize Uganda’s Vision statement, which is “A Transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and Prosperous Country within 30 years” as approved by Cabinet in 2007. It recognises that tourism is one of catalytic potentials for sustainable development and its nature based with a variety of flora, fauna and beautiful sceneries. Considering its conservation values, sustainable management of TSWR will contribute to the achievement of vision 2040 through sustaining nature-based tourism and maintaining health ecosystems for the benefit of local and international communities. In addition, government through vision 2040 commits to secure and protect all tourism attraction and destination to ensure their integrity as well as eliminate the problem of wildlife dispersal National Development Plan II (NDPII, 2015/16 – 2019/2020) The National Development Plan II recognizes that the tourism sector has demonstrated high potential for generating revenue and employment at a low cost, implying a high return on TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 4 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 investment. The country has numerous tourism attractions including diverse nature based, faith based, culture and heritage, and eco-tourism. This plan will focus on exploitation and improvement of the following tourist attraction products: Chimpanzee tracking; Game viewing (Safaris); and Avi-tourism (Bird watching). These products are prioritized because they contribute the highest tourism revenue in the reserve. TSWR will therefore be a key contributor to the country’s economy through Tourism and therefore calls for improved biodiversity management measures, which are proposed in this GMP for the next ten years. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP, 2015/2025) The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2015/2025) provides over-all strategies and actions for management of Uganda’s biodiversity as well as measures for enhancing institutional collaboration in the management of biodiversity in Uganda. The NBSAPII highlights and seek to maintain the contribution of biodiversity and ecosystem services to human wellbeing, poverty eradication, gender equality and national development as well as the economic, social, cultural and other values of biodiversity.

National Tourism Sector Development Plan (2015/16 – 2019/20) According to the National Tourism Sector Development Plan, tourism stimulates the production of goods and services in a wide range of sectors and sub-sectors representing a value chain. These sectors include construction, furniture and fittings, agriculture, fisheries, food growing and processing and light manufacturing, healthy, water, education, handicrafts, as well as transport, telecommunications and financial services. For the crafts sector, three sub-sectors of woodcarving, textiles and clothing, and jewellery have recorded a minimum of 1,489 Ugandan youths and women as suppliers of products to the tourism sector. Currently, a major proportion of leisure tourism expenditures in Uganda is generated in the regions where national parks and wildlife reserves are located. Therefore, the preparation and implementation of this Management Plan for TSWR will ensure sustainable tourism in the region. Uganda Wildlife Authority Strategic Plan revised edition (UWA 2015/16- 2019/20) The Mission of UWA as stated in the strategic plan is to conserve, economically develop and sustainably manage the wildlife and protected areas of Uganda in partnership with the neighbouring communities and other stakeholders for the benefit of the people of Uganda and the global community. The goal is to have sustainably managed wildlife areas that are providing enjoyment, supporting community livelihoods and contributing to National development. In order to achieve the above targets, the strategic plan identifies key conservation challenges mentioned below; i. Restoring and maintaining health ecosystems ii. Management of Human-Wildlife conflicts iii. Achieving financial self-sustainability iv. Improvement of infrastructure and equipment The Strategic Plan identifies six Strategic programs as Key Result Areas where the organization plans to achieve by addressing the identified critical issues but also take advantage of the opportunities that the environment provides to produce positive results. They are: i. Resource conservation and management ii. Research and Ecological Monitoring iii. Capacity Development iv. Community Conservation v. Tourism development and financial sustainability vi. Governance and Corporate Affairs Under the Governance and Corporate affairs strategic program, one of the strategic actions is the preparation and or review of PA general management plans. Protected areas management TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 5 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 is guided by planned actions in the GMPs and it is through these GMPs that annual work plans and budgets are generated. Therefore, the management of TSWR shall be guided by this ten-year General Management Plan. Uganda Forestry Nature Conservation Master Plan (UFNCMP, 2002) The Vision of the Master Plan (2002) is “A sufficiently forested, ecologically stable and economically prosperous Uganda”. This Vision is intended to be realized through the following objectives: i. Enhance the capacity of forestry institutions to enable them effectively perform their mandates. ii. Increasing forest resource base by increasing forest cover to the 1990 levels. iii. Increase economic productivity of forests and employment in the forestry sector. iv. Raise incomes for households through forest-based initiatives. v. Restore and improve ecosystem services derived from sustainably managed forests. The conservation of this reserve will increase the forestry resources in the country hence contributing to the vision of the Forestry Master Plan. This can only be possible when PA management is guided sufficiently through preparation and implementation of a General Management Plan for the Reserve. 1.2.5 International and Regional frameworks for Biodiversity Management In Uganda International frameworks Uganda is a signatory to a number of international Conventions, Protocols and Agreements relating to biodiversity management as shown in appendix 4. They include; i. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), ii. Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety, iii. Convention relating to the Preservation of Flora and Fauna in their Natural State, iv. African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, v. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Water Fowl Habitat (The RAMSAR Convention), vi. Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, vii. Agreement on Cooperative Enforcement Operations directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora, viii. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), ix. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), x. Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and, xi. World Trade Organization (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Rules). Regional frameworks Uganda is signatory to the following regional protocols and agreements which relate to sustainable utilisation and conservation of biodiversity: i. EAC Treaty, ii. EAC Protocol on Environment and Natural Resources Management, iii. Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin, iv. Convention for the establishment of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO), v. EAC Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement, vi. Tripartite Management Agreements for Trans-Boundary Wildlife Protected Area, and, vii. Cooperative Framework Agreement on the . Each Convention and protocol including agreements mentioned above are implemented through a national Focal Point in a designated Ministry or Lead Agency. Being a signatory to these international frameworks, the conservation of the reserve is one way Uganda fulfils her commitments. Therefore, the management plan will guide the management of the reserve for the next ten years and by so doing the management actions will directly contribute to addressing the provisions in the international and regional frameworks to which Uganda is a signatory. TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 6 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 PART 2: RESERVE DESCRIPTION AND MANAGEMENT

Plate 2: Animals on the water pool inside TSWR TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 7 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.1 LOCATION Toro-Semliki WR (TSWR) covers an area of 542 km2. It is located in Western Uganda in Ntoroko and Kabarole Districts. The geographical coordinates for this Reserve are 3020’ E- 053’N, 2957’ - 3011’E. Adjoining the north and northwest boundary are the Semliki Flats, which were formally a Controlled Hunting Area (CHA) but the area is currently heavily grazed by cattle. Part of the former CHA now forms the Rwangara CWA most of which is a wetland. The Ntoroko-Kanara Wildlife Sanctuary borders the north-eastern tip of the Reserve in contiguity with Lake Albert. The eastern boundary of the Reserve is marked by the rim of the Rift Valley escarpment. The northernmost foothills of the lie south of the reserve (UWA, 2019)2 . Figure 2 below shows the location of TSWR.

Figure 2: Map showing the location of Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 8 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Currently, the reserve neighbours twelve sub-counties of Hakibale, Rwebisengo, Karugutu town council, Karugutu, Nombe, Bweramule, Butungama, Kabende, Kijura town council, Harugongo, Kanara and Kanara town council. The valley floor which ranges between 620m- 800m above sea level, consists of permanent and seasonal watercourses, most notably the river Wasa which flows the length of the reserve from the Rwenzoris to Lake Albert (UWA,2007)3 . Boundary Description of Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve The boundaries of the reserve are described below in accordance with Parliamentary resolutions and statutory instruments for changes to wildlife protected areas of 2001;

2UWA, 2019. Protected Areas Assessment report 2019 3UWA, 2007. Toro semliki wildlife reserve general management plan 2007-2017

“Commencing at pillar TO1 at the intersection of the River Munyege (Kichumbwa) with the top of the Lake Albert escarpment; thence northwards downstream along the thalweg of the said river to its confluence with River Wassa at pillar TO2; thence westwards in a straight line marked by cairns to pillar TO3 where the ‘old telegraph line’ crosses the Fort-Portal-Ntoroko road; thence northwards following cairns along the ‘old telegraph line’ to pillar TO4 on the Nyaburogo River; thence following the west bank of the Nyaburogo River to a point due opposite pillar TO5 at North 0o 54”; thence crossing the river to pillar TO5; thence north-westwards for approximately 110 meters to pillar TO6; thence north-eastwards on a bearing of 24.7o along a straight line marked by beacons to pillar TO7 on the Karugutu-Rwebishengo road; thence north-eastwards on a bearing of 24.7o to pillar TO8 situated approximately 900 meters due south of the survey point known as Makoga; thence north-eastwards along a straight line marked by beacons to pillar TO9 on the shore of Lake Albert, 1800 meters to the north of the mouth of the River Wassa; thence along the shore line of Lake Albert eastwards to pillar TO10; thence south-eastwards following a line marked by beacons to pillar TO11 on the Fort-Portal-Ntoroko road at the turnoff to Kanara fishing village; thence north-eastwards following the said road to pillar TO12; thence north-eastwards in a straight line to pillar TO13 on the south side of the said road; thence along the said road to the shoreline of Lake Albert; thence following the shoreline of Lake Albert southwards to the mouth of the ; thence following the east bank of the said River in a southerly direction to its intersection with the top of the Lake Albert escarpment; thence following the top of the said escarpment in a general south-westerly direction through pillars TO14, TO15, TO16 and TO17 to pillar TO1, which is the point of commencement”. 2.2 Access Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve (TSWR) may be accessed using two major roads from . Kampala – Road via is about 290 km and Kampala – Fort Portal via Masaka – Mbarara - Kasese is about 465 km. From Fort Portal up to Karugutu Trading Center is 27km. The reserve headquarters are about 3km off Fort Portal- Road on the Karugutu – Ntoroko Road. 2.3 Reserve Management History The area was gazetted as a Game Reserve (then Toro Game Reserve), under General Notice 546 of 1926. This was aimed at affording protection of large populations of wild animals of which the Uganda Kobs were dominant. The large game included reedbucks, waterbucks, bushbucks, hartebeests, giant forest hogs, lions, buffalos, hippopotamus and elephants. In 1962 and 1963 under legal Notices 245 and 246 respectively, the boundaries of the reserve were modified and constituted an area of 555 sq.km. The Semliki Flats to the north of the reserve were formally gazetted as Controlled Hunting Area (CHA) in 1961 under General Notice 526. Within this area, pastoralism has been and continues to be the main land use system by the Batuku community. Previously when the game numbers

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 9 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 were high, occasional hunting expeditions were organized both in the reserve and the flats. The controlled game hunting in 1960s and early 1970s became a prominent recreational activity and provided fine trophies for hunting enthusiasts. It was also a period that registered tourism based economic boom accompanied with the establishment of the Hunting Safari Lodge in the reserve. The late 1970s and early 1980s however were periods of political and economic degeneration that resulted into serious decimation of large populations of wildlife in most of the Uganda’s PAs. In late 1970s, Game Department annual reports noted alarming threats to wildlife as a result of excessive hunting and poaching. One key animal species, the hartebeest, was hunted to its extinction in the reserve. Major categories of large mammal populations declined (UWA, 2015)4.

During the 1999 PA system plan, changes for TSWR ecosystem included degazetting of the CHA that comprised the Flats but with part of the CHA gazetted as a Community Wildlife Area (Rwangara) to conserve the few remaining wildlife that was still utilizing the Flats. The Rwangara CWA comprised mainly a permanent wetland that formed a vital ecological link between the reserve and protected area systems in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The reserve boundaries were modified by excising off approximately 15 sq. km in Kyabandara that were heavily encroached and settled plus 4 sq. km for the fishing community in Ntoroko - Kanara peninsula as a Wildlife Sanctuary. Approximately 3.5 sq. km of Itojo forested area was annexed to the reserve as a chimpanzee habitat. After all the boundary changes, the area of the reserve currently is 542 sq.km (PAA, 2000)5

2.4 Climate and Hydrology Climate is strongly influenced by Lake Albert, but is also influenced by three other separate air masses—those of the Rwenzori Mountains, the uplands to the east of the reserve, and the air mass associated with the Congolese rainforest to the west (UWA, 2017)6 . The temperature of the lake is less variable than the air and soil, so that as the temperature drops at night, the warmer air over the lake rises, creating prevailing winds toward the lake, or northeast. In the day, the lake is typically cooler than surrounding areas, creating a prevailing wind away from the lake, or southwest. The Toro-Semliki climate is dry, particularly in comparison to other PAs in the Albertine Graben. It is also hot and humid. The relative humidity daily maxima average 95% in the wet season and 92% in the dry season (Hunt, et al., 1999). Rainfall in TSWR is one of the major sources of water for wildlife survival. Toro-Semliki has two distinct rainy and dry seasons (Figure 4). The rainy seasons are from March–May, reaching its peak in April; and August–November, with the peak in October. The escarpment in the eastern part receives more rainfall than other parts of the reserve (Figure 3).

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4UWA, 2015: State of wildlife resources in Uganda. 5PAA,2000: Protected Area Assessment report volume 4. 6UWA, 2017: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas

Figure 3: Rainfall Map for Toro-Semliki (Source: UWA, 2017; TSWR Sensitivity Atlas) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 11 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 4: Average monthly Rainfall Distribution pattern in TSWR (Source: World Bank Data Portal)

2.5 Geology and Soils Plate tectonism dictates that the tectonic plates and subsequent movement along the rift valley floors created igneous and metamorphic bedrocks in the region’s mountains and escarpments. The rocks are mainly granites, gneisses, and schist; of the steep slopes are the nutrient source of the soil deposits along the river floors. Rivers distribute gravel and sands over the wider areas of the valley before depositing sands and clay sediments into Lake Albert (Verner and Jenik, 1984). According to Verner and Jenik (1984)7 , the soils in TSWR are associated with the rift valley faulting, a phenomenon with varied geological processes that are a factor in the existence of various soil types indicated in Figure 5 (a) and (b).

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Figure 5: Geological Units in the Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve (A) and the related Soil Units (B) (Source: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas 2018) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 13 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Verner and Jenik, 1984 describes the soils of the reserve as follows; Bugangari Series: Bugangari soil unit, developed from granites, gneisses, schists, and amphibolites, are characterized by shallow dark brown or black sandy loams, which are often very stony. The loamy soils are of none-to-slight cohesion, meaning that the soil material can be detached easily and transported by rain overland flow. Transportation of soil materials is enhanced by the high energy relief associated with the rift valley escarpment.

Semliki Series: Semliki series soil unit is developed from recent lake and river alluvium parent material that is characterized by dark grey clays that are occasionally saline. The presence of high levels of clay particles explains the expansion (Plate 1a) and contraction nature of the soils during the dry and rainy seasons respectively. The presence of calcium carbonate salts flocculates the clay soil particles thereby forming a weakly aggregated soil structure. These weak structures are easily disintegrated causing the detachment and transportation of soil particles by surface flow water. This phenomenon explains extensive erosion of the banks. Areas of low surface cover and high flow accumulation (roads and points of animal concentration, Plate 1b) are vulnerable to soil loss due to surface run off.

7Verner et al,1984: Ecological study of Toro Game Reserve (Uganda) with special references to Uganda Kob

Plate 4: A) Surface Cracks in Semliki Series Soil Unit - B)Galleys Formed along the Road in TSWR Wasa complex: Wasa complex soils (Plate 4) are largely of sandy and loamy textures derived from Rift Valley River and Lake alluvium sediments found below the escarpment that extends from the Wasa fault to the south end of Lake Albert. The coherence of the soil particles ranges from non- coherent (sandy) to slightly coherent (loamy). The soil particles are easy to detach and thereafter transported by overland flow processes.

Plate 4: A Soil Profile of the Wasa Soil Complex TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 14 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Kiamara Series: Kiamara series consist of red sandy clay loams, occasionally underlain by soft laterite, Toro phyllites, schists, and amphibolites. The clayey texture makes the soil aggregates more coherent and therefore resistant to disintegration, dispersion, and detachment of the soil particles. 2.6 Socio-Economic Environment Communities Surrounding the Wildlife Reserve: The Reserve is surrounded by Bantu-speaking ethnic groups mainly Bakonjo, Bamba, Batuku, and Batooro. Although Rutooro is widely spoken by all the four ethnic groups, each group has its own language dialect. These groups are involved in fishing, cultivation, and cattle grazing, as follows;

(a) The fishing community lives along the shoreline of Lake Albert (Plate 3) between the estuaries of River Wasa and River Muzizi, in an area that was excised from the Reserve and gazetted as Wildlife Sanctuary to offer protection of any wildlife that interfaces in this area. The population in this area is continuously growing and has been accorded the status of a town council within a Wildlife sanctuary: Kanara Town Council. In this area, fisheries of Lake Albert are an important source of employment, household income, and food security.

Plate 5: Fish landing Petroleum activities and any other developments in TSWR are likely to have significant negative impacts on fisheries and marine tourism on Lake Albert due to potential negative impacts such as pollution, oil spills, vibrations and noise, infrastructure development, physical presence, and displacement of human settlements.

(b) Other communities found in the area are mainly cattle grazers within the areas of Rwebisengo and Kacwankumu among others (plate 5).

(c) Business communities that trade across the river to the DRC.

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Plate 6: Cattle Grazing in Rwebisengo within Semliki Flats area

2.7 FLORA (VEGETATION) 2.7.1 Land Cover 1964 Diverse habitats occur in the rift valley floor of the Reserve supporting a variety of vegetation types such as grasslands, riverine forests, scrub woodland, swamp forests, papyrus swamps, and savannah woodland mosaic. Figure 6 below shows TSWR habitats, as observed by Langdale and Brown, 1964 which has changed over time.

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Figure 6: Map showing TSWR Habitats in 1964 which have changed over time. (Source: Langdale and Brown, 1964)

2.7.2 Land Cover Description Between 2007 - 1990 The Toro-Semliki GMP 2007–2017 described the composition of the vegetation classes as follows:

1. Grassland Species: Hyparrhenia-Themeda mosaic, Hyparrhenia filipendula, H. dissoluta, and Themeda triandra dominate the north-west of the reserve where there have been frequent fires and intensive grazing. Other species include Chloris spp; Sporobolus spp, a short- to- medium-height grass that occur in patches; Imperata cylindrica;and Panicum echinochloa, a tall grass mainly covering large, moist depressions such as watering holes and forming a thick band on non-forested river banks and lower grounds in the vicinity of Lake Albert.

2. Scrub Woodland Vegetation: This is dominated by wooded grassland characteristic of the Acacia-Hyparrhenia-Themeda woodland with Acacia sieberiana as the dominant tree species associated with Albizia grandibracteata. Others include the Acacia-Imperata, a moist wooded savanna dominated also by Acacia sieberiana, Combretum-Hyparrhenia -Themeda mixed wooded savanna dominated by Combretum spp., Tamarindus indica; and Borassus–Hyparrhenia a palm savanna dominant with other tree species scattered at lower densities. The Borussus aethiopium palm is the frequent species although Acacia and other leguminous species are also common. Plate 7 below shows the vegetation mosaic common within most parts of the reserve.

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Plate 7: Shrub and Wooded Vegetation along Meandering River Wassa 3. Riverine Forest: This mainly occurs in narrow strips along the banks of River Mugiri (Plate 6), River Wasa, and in Nyaburogo valley. Interspersed with the riverine forests are mainly bushland/thicket species mixed with low canopy forest species. The common forest vegetation type includes the Celtis-Chrysophyllum riverine forest, which occurs in thick bands along Mugiri and the southern end of Wasa. The most common main canopy riverine tree species is Ugandan ironwood (Cynometra alexandri), followed by Millettia dura and Kigelia africana. The understory is dominated by Beilschmiedia ugandensis, by far the most common tree in the riverine forests. Celtis africana, Celtis intergrifolia, Celtis mildbraedii, Celtis brownii, Albizia grandibracteata, Albizia coriaria, Chrysophyllum spp., Phoenix reclinata, Polyscias fulva, and Cola gigantea are also common. Other associated tree species include Alistonia bonnei, Strychnos mitis, Diospyros abyssinica, Funtumia africana, Ficus ovata, and Phoenix reclinata.

Plate 8: Typical Riverine Forest around Mugiri TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 18 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 4. Wetland Vegetation: Areas of wetland vegetation are mainly located on permanently waterlogged areas adjacent to the riverine forests and along shores of Lake Albert. The areas are dominated by Phoenix reclinata swamp forest, Cyperus papyrus, and Typha payrus swamp (Plate 9).

Plate 9: Swamp Vegetation in Rwangara

2.7.3 Land Cover Trends in TSWR between 1990–2016 Land cover in TSWR has greatly changed over time. According to the analysis done during the sensitivity analysis in 2017, there is a trend that clearly emerges (Figure 7). There was less bush in the 1990s and a substantial area under woodland with equally abundant grasslands. In the subsequent years, there was a reduction in woodland and emergence of bush up to 2010. Yet by 2016, woodlands had reemerged, replacing bush and grassland. Ground verification during field work confirmed that there are mature and climax woodland, in addition to young woodlands, having grown out of grasslands and bush. It is important to note that some of these are invasive bushes (e.g. Dichrostachys cinerea) that have contributed to some of these changes.

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Figure 7: Land Cover Trends from 1990–2016 (Source: TSWR 2017 Sensitivity Atlas) 2.7.4 TSWR Land Cover in 2017 In 2017, Land cover mapping was based on the National Biomass Classification System. Based on this classification, 10 land cover types were found in the reserve. The mapping was based on Sentinel satellite image classification and analysis. The resultant coverage is shown in Figure 8 below. The area covered by each land cover class is summarized in table 1. The dominant land cover type in Rwangara Community Wildlife Area is wetlands (69.32%), followed by grassland (21.59%). In TSWR, the dominant land cover type is woodland that covers 45.06% of the PA followed by grassland that covers 44.06% of the wildlife Reserve.

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Table 1: Area (ha) covered by respective land cover class

Figure 8: 2017 TSWR Land Cover map TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 21 –

2.7.4 TSWR Land Cover in 2017 In 2017, Land cover mapping was based on the National Biomass Classification System. Based on this classification, 10 land cover types were found in the reserve. The mapping was based on Sentinel satellite image classification and analysis. The resultant coverage is shown in Figure 8 below. The area covered by each land cover class is summarized in table 1. The dominant land cover type in Rwangara Community Wildlife Area is wetlands (69.32%), followed by grassland (21.59%). In TSWR, the dominant land cover type is woodland that covers 45.06% of the PA followed by grassland that covers 44.06% of the wildlife Reserve.

Figure 8: 2017 TSWR Land Cover map

TableTORO-SEMLIKI 1: Area WILDLIFE (ha) RESERVEcovered GENERAL by respective MANAGEMENT land PLAN cover 2020/21 class – 2029/30

Area Land cover class Area (ha). % land cover Rwangara Community Wildlife Unclassified 0.03 Area 0.00 Woodland 35.02 0.46 Bush 172.36 2.25 Grassland 1,650.75 21.59 Wetland 5,299.66 69.32 Subsistence farmland 5.12 0.07 Built up area 14.77 0.19 Open water 467.69 6.12 TOROSub--SEMLIKItotal area WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/37,645.41

Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve Unclassified 27.68144 0.05 Area Land cover class Area (ha). % land cover Tropical high forest 1,514.525 2.79 23 Woodland 24,483.88 45.06 Bush 3,793.556 6.98 Grassland 23,943.21 44.06 Wetland 215.5386 0.40 Subsistence farmland 116.128 0.21 Built up area 8.283828 0.02 Open water 73.91929 0.14 Unclassified-cloud 162.8226 0.30 Sub-total area 54,339.54 2.7 FAUNASource: Image analysis based on sentinel imagery of 2016; NFA

2.8.1 Animal distribution in the reserve Toro Semliki2.8 Wildlife Fauna Reserve has a variety of wildlife dominated by the Uganda Kob (Kobus kob). In recent years, animal populations that had declined due to conflicts, wars, and insurgencies have begun to recover in the area. In addition to the Uganda Kob, the Reserve is habitat to Elephant, 2.8.1 Animal distribution in the reserve ToroReedbuck, Semliki Hippopotamus, Wildlife Reserve Baboon, has Bush a variety pig, Giant of forest wildl hog,ife Warthog,dominated Buffalo, by the Bushbuck, Uganda Leopard, KChimpanzee,ob (Kobus kob and). WaterbuckIn recent populations.years, animal Table populations 1below shows that 1982,had declined1995, and due2002 to mammal conflicts,population wars, figures. and According insurgencies to Plumptre have begun et al. to(2003), recover the Reservein the area. has aboutIn addition 66 Chimpanzees. to theThe UgandaReserve Kisob, also the known Reserve to host is abouthabitat 400 to bird Elephant, species (InternationalReedbuck, H ippBirdopotamus, Area Assessment BListsaboon, of Birds). Bush Thirteen pig, G Rodentiant forest species, hog, 41 species Warthog, of reptiles, Buffalo, and a Bvarietyushbuck, of butterflies Leopard, have also Cbeenhimpanzee, recorded and in the W Reserve.aterbuck The populations. neighboring Table Rwangara 1below Community shows Wildlife1982, 1995, Area, aand permanent 2002wetland mammal area, is population a notable habitat figures. to Accordingthe endangered to Plumptre shoebill stork.et al. (2003), the Reserve has about 66 Chimpanzees. The Reserve is also known to host about 400 bird speciesThe chimpanzees (International of Semliki Bird WRArea live Assessmentin an unusually Lists dry ofhabitat Birds similar). Thirteen to that Rofodent early human species,ancestors. 41 Fromspecies the of data reptiles, the Chimpanzee and a variety research of butterflies project have collects, also therebeen recordedis hope to better inunderstand the Reserve. Ape andThe earlyneighboring hominine Rwan evolution,gara Communityespecially the Wildlife evolution Area, of bipedalism. a permanent wetland area, is a notable habitat to the endangered shoebill stork.

TheThe aerialchimpanzees survey of of 1996 Semliki (Lamprey WR andlive Michelmore, in an unusually 1996) dry revealed habitat that similar the Uganda to that Kob populationof earlywas reducedhuman ancestors.to several hundreds From the and data that the Buffalo Chimpanzee and Elephant research populations project were collects, at a critically therelow level. is hope When to UWA better came understand into existence Ape inand 1996 early and hominine efficiently evolution, managed theespecially reserve, animal thenumbers evolution started of bipedalism.to recover. Table 1 and Figure 9 below show animal numbers and trends over 46- year period. As a result of this success, District stakeholders are recommending to Government of TheUganda aerial to elevate survey the of status 1996 of(Lamprey the reserve and from Michelmore, a wildlife reserve 1996) to revealeda National thatPark sothe that more Ugandabenefits K areob realizedpopulation from wasthe reserve.reduced to several hundreds and that Buffalo and Elephant populations were at a critically low level. When UWA came into existence inTSWR 1996 GMP and 2020/21 efficiently - 2029/30 managed the reserve, animal numbers started to recover. 22 Table 1 and Figure 9 below show animal numbers and trends over 46-year period. As a result of this success, District stakeholders are recommending to Government of Uganda to elevate the status of the reserve from a wildlife reserve to a National Park so that more benefits are realized from the reserve.

Towards the end of 2015 there were reports from communities that a lion had been sighted and it had killed some cows. A report compiled by the team that was dispatched to trace the reported Lion indeed concluded that a lion could be there

24 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Towards the end of 2015 there were reports from communities that a lion had been sighted and it had killed some cows. A report compiled by the team that was dispatched to trace the reported Lion indeed concluded that a lion could be there but injured or sick as indicated in the extract shown below from the report and the photographs taken by the team. Second call: the next day on 31st Dec., we went back to the farm and engaged the herdsmen. The purpose was to investigate the last spot they had seen or heard the lion so that a call back station could be set to such nearest vicinity point to maximize the success rates of the response. Then one of the herdsmen (Amos) intimated to us that in that morning at around 10:00am, he had heard the lion roar. We walked with them in the farm in the valleys, the gorges and escarpments, the forests and savannahs in the direction of that roar. This led us to the southernmost escapements of the farm bordering the park. At this point we found foot marks of what seemed like a male lion but the marks were about 3 days old. Amos said that was the belt the lion always took for entering the farm from the park. So, this seemed our best option and we set the call back stage at this place. In the night, we played the calls from 8:20pm to around 1:00am and the lion responded immediately but from an estimated distance of 1km. We suspected it was staging at the adjacent hill east of the call station which is in the farm. It tried to get closer to us through the valley separating the two hills as suggested by the strength of the roar but finally it retrieved back into the valley without reaching us. We aborted the exercise. Third call: on the 1st January, we went back to the farm and re-investigated the closest point and what the villagers heard or saw. We were informed that the lion’s roars approaching us and retrieving from us were heard but there was no further incidence in the farm. We set again the call station at the same place and called again from 8:00pm till around 12:00am. The lion also responded immediately from the same direction though closer and it tried again to get close to us but again it retrieved away. We again aborted the exercise after that. These findings made us suspect that either: - • The lion was injured • Or sick • Or too old to get through the hills and gorges (climbing and descending) with ease to the call station that was located on the next hill. • Or maybe because it was a loner, it was fearing solitary confrontation with call back “lions and hyenas”

Foot print of the suspected Lion

Blood drops suspected from the injured Lion foot

Source: Extract from a field report TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 23 –

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Table 2: Animal population estimates forTable TSWR 2: Animal over population the years estimates for TSWR over the years

Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve Semliki Flats/Rwangara Area 19691 19781 19822 19952 19951 2002 20102 20132 20152 2017 1982 1995 2002 20102 20132 20152 Uganda Kob 19117 2500 3460 853 652 867 2584 2871 3935 6916 1606 343 196 24 32 6 Waterbuck 537 18 33 5 P 58 137 48 112 81 8 5 Elephant 138 P 25 P 211 47 33 27 13 Buffalo 696 50 P 219 261 323 449 764 41 49 1 Giant forest hog P P 5 4 4 Warthog 43 P P 137 171 163 116 P= Present 1=ground count 2=aerial survey 19691: Kyeyune in Vener and Jenik (1984) 1978P=1 :Present Vener and Jenik1=ground (1984) count 2=aerial survey 2 1982 : Eltringham1 et al (1992) 199519692: Lamphrey: Kyeyune and Michelmore in Vener and Jenik (1984) 199519781: Sivell1: Vener et al. and(1997) Jenik (1984) 2 1982 : Eltringham et al (1992) 19952: Lamphrey and Michelmore 19951: Sivell et al. (1997)

(A) (B)

Figure 9: Data Based on Aerial Results (A) Increase in Uganda Kob (B) Increase in Buffalos

Figure 9: Data Based on Aerial Results (A) Increase in Uganda Kob (B) Increase in Buffalos

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Figure 10: Graph showing decrease in Elephants Recent surveys show that there has been recovery of wildlife in the Reserve area, especially the Uganda Kob—although still far below the population of the 1960s. Buffalo and warthog populations are also recovering. That said, there is notable gradual decrease in the Elephant population of Semliki Wildlife Reserve, as shown in the Table 1 and Figure 10 above.

Plate 10: A Bushbuck in TSWR TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 25 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 The map below shows animal species distribution within the reserve;

Figure 11: Distribution of Key Large Mammals in TSWR (Source: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 26 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.8.2 Distribution of Birds in the Reserve Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve (TSWR) is one of 34 National IBAs and lies within the global flyway for migratory birds. The flagship bird of TSWR is the shoebill (Plate 12), located mainly in wetlands of Rwangara and Kanara. Some other bird species are shown below (Plate 11). The Figure 12 below shows the shoebill sites in the swamps of Rwangara and Kanara.

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Long-Crested Eagle Northern Brown-Throated Weaver Black-Bellied Bustard

Long-Crested Eagle Hadada Ibis Wood Sandpiper

Ground Hornbill Yellow Wagtail Black-Headed Heron

Open-Billed Stork Helmeted Guineafowl Sacred Ibis

Marabou Stork Saddle-Billed Stork Woodland Kingfisher Plate 11: Some species of Birds in TSWR TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 28 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Plate 12: Shoe bill

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Figure 12: Shoebill Sites (Source: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 30 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 13: Bird Sightings in TSWR (Source: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 31 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.9 TORO SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE SURROUNDING ECOSYSTEMS 2.9.1 Lake Albert (Bordering TSWR) Lake Albert is located both in Uganda and the DRC. It is habitat to a wide range of aquatic life (mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians). The Lake is about 160 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide, with a maximum depth of 51 meters, and a surface elevation of 619 meters above sea level. Lake Albert is part of the complicated system of the upper Nile. Its main sources of water are the Victoria Nile from Lake Victoria to the southeast and the Semliki River, which drains from . Lake Albert boarders TSWR at its southern end where there are swamps. The swamp system was gazetted as a CWA. The area is home to the shoebill stork, which nests in the shallow waters of Lake Albert.

2.9.2 The Semliki Flats The Semliki Flats (Plate 11) is adjacent to the Reserve and is heavily settled by communities. It also has large herds of cattle, which have led to overgrazing of the area. The area was initially gazetted as a Controlled Hunting Area but was later degazetted. Aerial surveys between 2010 and 2015 record sightings of wild animals in this area. There is a growing human population and settlement areas in trading centers of Makondo, Rwebisengo, Nyakasenyi, Kamuga, Katanga, Rwangara, Katolingo, Masaka, Kacwankumu, and Budiba.

Plate 13: Semliki Flats 2.9.3 The Rwangara Wetland Area The Rwangara wetland (Plate 12) is a Community Wildlife Area on the southern shore of Lake Albert. The wetland is very important for conservation. It serves as a wildlife corridor through which wildlife move to and from DRC and TSWR (Wanyama, 2010). Buffalo and Elephant move through this wetland into the Reserve. It is also one of Uganda’s most important shoebill habitats.

This area has been disturbed by overgrazing from the fishing villages. This is evidenced by the very little wildlife that was encountered in the area (only 32 Uganda Kobs were seen during the 2013 aerial survey conducted by UWA). Poaching has also been rampant in the area, and many cases have been reported. Records show that Buffalos were the main hunted game in the area for commercial purposes. TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 32 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Plate 14: Rwangara Wetland Area 2.10 SENSITIVITY OF TSWR ECOSYSTEMS The sensitivity of the TSWR ecosystem to drivers of change likely to occur in TSWR as a result of developments was determined by the sensitivity Atlas developed in 2017 by UWA under the support of USAID. The process involved a multi-stakeholder and multidisciplinary team to collect and analyse data. The drivers of change used in the analysis included noise, vibration, light, dust, human and vehicular traffic, environmental contamination, habitat disturbance, infrastructure, and petroleum spills as identified and described in the Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Albertine Graben (NEMA, 2012). The overall sensitivity for TSWR is therefore a combination of biological and physical sensitivity. From the figure 15 shown below, areas around Mugiri, the SSL, Kanywataba, Nyaburogo, Kacwankumu, Kanara, and Rwengara are highly sensitive to developments as detailed in the sensitivity atlas for TSWR.

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Figure 14: Overall Sensitivity Map of TSWR (Source: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 34 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.11 Distribution of Features Critical for Animal Survival Critical areas for animal survival refer to those areas that sustain survival of animal populations in an ecosystem. Examples are salt licks, watering points, wallows, breeding areas, and congregation points. Those identified so far in TSWR are shown in Figure 15 below.

Figure 15: Features Critical for Animal Survival in TSWR (Source: TSWR Sensitivity Atlas) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 35 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.11.1 Watering Points Watering points are those places that provide water to animals for a few months or throughout the year. TSWR is at such a low altitude in the rift valley that it experiences very high temperatures. Availability of water is critical for animals to survive. The Reserve has several water sources that provide water to animals, some of which are permanent (e.g., Lake Albert and Wasa and Muzizi Rivers). Many ponds and wallows are seasonal, but sustain animal water needs for a good time during the dry season before drying up.

2.11.2 Kobleks Uganda Kobs are territorial animals with specific delineated breeding areas called leking grounds or Kobleks (Plate 13), which are controlled by prime males. Individual male territories, measure up to 10 square meters in sizes. Males defend these with ferocity and often lack time to go outside the Kobleks to look for pasture and water and as such they graze just within or on the immediate outskirts of the Kobleks causing great denudation in the areas affected. Kobleks are therefore critical habitats for the survival of Kobs. Kobleks are most often found near water ponds and short grasslands with good pasture. Ecologically, Kobleks are very sensitive sites as they play a critical role in successful reproduction of Uganda kob. The same Koblek areas are often used every year. In TSWR, such Kobleks are found in the areas of Wango, Nyamabare, Kacwakumu, and the Sunset Track.

Plate 15: Koblek in TSWR 2.11.3 Salt Licks Salt licks are natural mineral licks for wildlife that provide essential mineral nutrients for wildlife. Animals lacking essential minerals may show signs of mineral deficiencies, including bone deformations and a reduced immune system. In TSWR, these salt lick areas are found near Bugando.

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Plate 16: TSWR landscape interspersed with Uganda Kobs

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 37 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 3.1 TSWR CONSERVATION VALUES A variety of biological, physical and cultural characteristics contribute important and sometimes unique attributes for TSWR. These are described in this section and have been considered when determining the overall conservation purpose and prioritisation of activities for the next ten years. The identified TSWR conservation values are; 1. The Scenic beauty including Escarpment, Gorges, Lake Albert, Riverine forests, Waterfalls and Flat land forms (lake Albert flats, Semuliki flats, and Kaplate among others) TSWR has a magnificent scenery being in a scenic and exceptional landscape in the . It is comprised of unique geographical features and landscapes such as the flat open area in the rift valley, gorges, L. Albert and the escarpment with its undulating and dissected hills. 2. Critical habitat for the endangered animal species like the Shoe bill, Elephants and Chimpanzees. TSWR has a variety of wildlife dominated by the Uganda Kob (Kobus kob). In recent years, animal populations that had declined due to conflicts, wars, and insurgencies have begun to recover in the area. In addition to the other fauna, the Reserve is habitat to the endangered Elephant and Chimpanzee. No recent survey has been done to determine the current number of Chimpanzees in the Reserve but according to Plumptre et al. (2003), the Reserve has about 66 Chimpanzees. The Reserve is also known to host about 400 bird species.13 Rodent species, 41 species of Reptiles, and a variety of Butterflies have also been recorded in the Reserve (Plumptre et al. 2003). The neighbouring Rwangara Community Wildlife Area, a permanent wetland area, is a notable habitat to the endangered Shoebill. 3. Critical breeding habitat for Fish around the confluence of Rivers Muzizi, Wasa and the wetlands infringing the Lake shore. Fish form an important component of aquatic ecosystems because of their interaction with other environmental factors (biotic and abiotic). They have a significant influence on the structure and functioning of ecosystems (Holmlund & Hammer, 1999). They are sensitive to changes in their habitat, therefore dedicated monitoring of fish communities can provide a useful indicator of the ecological health of their habitats. Lake Albert has a rich and diverse fish fauna, the most common fish species being Brycinus nurse, Hydrocynus forskahlii, Bagrus bayad, Alestes baremose, Oreochromis leucostictus, Oreochromis niloticus, Lates niloticus, Tilapia galilaea, Tilapia zillii, Clarias gariepinus Aucheno glanis, occidentalis Barbusbynni, frontosus, Synodontisschall Synodontis “yellow strip” and Gnathonemus victoriae. The fisheries of Lake Albert are an important source of food security, household incomes and employment for residents in the lake’s catchment, communities living in 7 fish landing sites and revenue to both central and local governments.

4. Provides an opportunity for Education and Research TSWR provides Education and Research opportunities to schools and researchers around and beyond. The main interest for researchers and students include the Dry land Savannah Chimpanzees and a variety of flora both in the low lands and the escarpment. Oil prospects also have encouraged researchers in this Reserve.

5. Unique dry habitat chimpanzees The chimpanzees of TSWR live in an unusually dry habitat similar to that of early human ancestors. From the data the Chimp research project collects, there is hope to better understand ape and early hominine evolution, especially the evolution of bipedalism.Currently, Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are found in Nyaburogo and the Mugiri area. Previous records as far as 1998, show that three separate Chimpanzee communities in the Reserve existed. In the middle of the Reserve, the study population is found along the flanks of the Mugiri River and its tributaries. In

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 38 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 the far northeast a separate community, though certainly much reduced or eliminated by habitat destruction, could be found along the banks of Muzizi River. In the west, a population could be found in forests flanking the Nyaburogo Valley.

3.2 TSWR ten years’ management purpose To protect and conserve TSWR, as a critical habitat for endangered and vulnerable species for the benefit of the National and International community.

3.3 TSWR management zones Zoning is a planning tool used to subdivide protected areas into distinct spatial areas according to their resource values and/ or sensitivity. Zone designation helps prescribe what may or may not take place in each zone in order to accomplish management objectives and achieve the desired future. Certain actions such as enforcement and research and monitoring however can take place in any zone. The zoning strategy for TSWR seeks to achieve harmonious balance between the following; Infrastructure development necessary to manage the Reserve Tourism activities, which generate income and raise the profile of TSWR Sustainable extraction of natural resources by the local people Four management zones have been identified. These are Tourism zone, Collaborative resource use zone, Administrative zone and the rest being the Wilderness zone. Each zone is described below: -

3.3.1 Zone descriptions Tourism zone The tourism zone follows the primary routes intended to facilitate enjoyment and appreciation of the Reserve interior. The primary management objective is the protection of the natural and cultural values of the routes, in order to enable visitors, enjoy a rewarding and aesthetically pleasing Reserve experience. The Tourism Zone is shown in yellow on the map below. Permitted Activities: 1. Visitor use, day and overnight basis 2. Overnight Camping and accommodation for visitors 3. Visitor information and interpretative services 4. Fire management activities Permitted Facilities/Infrastructure: 1. Camp sites 2. Improved trails/bridges 3. Latrines 4. Facilities supporting research, monitoring, and Reserve operations 5. Signs for visitor orientation, security, and interpretation facilities 6. Lodges and Hotels Prohibited Activities: 1. Killing wild animals 2. Timber harvesting 3. Setting fires without following the Fire management plan 4. Picking/harvesting of flora and fauna from the Reserve Prohibited Facilities/Infrastructure: 1. Facilities supporting resource harvesting Designated Areas within this Zone: 1. All tourism trails and tourist attractions.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 39 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Collaborative resource use zone. Communities neighbouring the Reserve will be allowed to harvest resources within the Resource Use zone. In principle, this zone consists of a continuous 1km kilometre wide strip along the boundary in the areas shown on the map below where communities may enter the reserve to gather firewood, medicinal plants, and other approved resources. Access and extraction is subject to agreements with TSWR management. Administrative Zone This zone category refers to primary concentrations of infrastructure within TSWR enabling management and research. Administration zones are mostly located around the edge of the Reserve. This strategy minimizes impacts on the Reserve environment, maximizes the effectiveness of community-related activities and enables ready access to services and transport routes by Reserve staff. The Reserve headquarters, Administrative infrastructure and all outposts form the administrative zone. Wilderness zone The Wilderness Zone is shown as green on the map below. Wilderness designation provides a high level of protection to the natural vegetation of TSWR. The primary management objective is to ensure minimal disturbance and maximum protection of the biodiversity and ecological processes within the Reserve. In this zone, protection of biophysical values is the primary consideration because of the sensitivity of the environment in the area. No harvesting of resources is permitted and visitor access must be carefully managed. Pending the results of environmental impact assessments, basic facilities with minimal impact from visitors such as trails, footbridges, and latrines may be acceptable. Where a unique community resource is identified for harvesting in this zone, temporally MoUs and permits specifying controlled access routes and time period will be agreed on. Active fire management will be carried out in the zone to preserve natural grassland habitats and to prevent damaging fires spreading into other parts of the Reserve. Permitted Activities: 1. Research and monitoring activities 2. Overnight use by approved researchers and Reserve staff only 3. Day and night use by visitors on designated routes and Camps 4. Fire management activities 5. Patrols

Permitted Facilities/Infrastructure: 1. Improved trails and bridges in support of research, monitoring, Reserve operations, and visitor use 2. Signs intended for visitor orientation, safety, and resource protection purposes 3. Structures supporting Reserve operations and approved research 4. Access to cultural sites under agreed terms and conditions

Prohibited Activities: 1. Resource harvesting except under an agreed MoU 2. Cultivation 3. Overnight use other than by approved researchers and Reserve staff Prohibited Facilities/Infrastructure: 1. Structures and facilities except Camp sites and patrol huts Designated Areas within this Zone: This zone constitutes the biggest percentage in line with best management principles and practices. The zone commences after immediately after the Collaborative Resource use zone. It also starts immediately after the tourism zone described above. It excludes areas designated for resource access and tourism activities. TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 40 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 16: Map showing TSWR management zones TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 41 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 PART 4: MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS, OUTPUTS AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES

Plate 17: Example of illegal activities -Debarking of trees

Plate 18: impacts of public roads inside PAs-African Civet (Civettictis civetta) knocked by a speeding car (Road kills) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 42 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 4.1 MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS 4.1.1 Resource conservation and management program This program highlights the key program issues and challenges that management faces in securing the integrity of the reserve. The key threats which include poaching, encroachment, wild fires, domestic animal grazing, increasing human population in Kanara town council, inadequate water points for wild animals during the dry season, Oil and gas activities inside the reserve and others are highlighted under this section. These threats if not adequately addressed will have significant negative impacts on the ecosystem. A number of measures have been proposed to ensure that the integrity of the PA is maintained and the wildlife populations are increased. This will also justify the proposal to upgrade the conservation status of the reserve as demanded by the surrounding District Local Governments.

Program objective: To restore and maintain healthy ecosystem in the PA

Output 1: Critical habitats for wildlife well protected and managed

TSWR has a variety of habitats that harbour a diversity of species. The habitats include grassland, wetland, riverine forests and woodland. Protection and management of these habitats is critical for the survival of wildlife species. The riverine forests of Mugiri and Nyaburogo harbour the Chimpanzees, which is a unique species and a variety of other Primates and Antelopes. The riverine forest along L. Albert is an important area for fish breeding and harbour approximately 337 bird species including the Shoebill (appendix 7). The grassland is important for almost all the types of wildlife. The Reserve has some wetlands e.g. Jogojogo, Ndorwa-Wasa and Kandita. These wetlands are a refuge for wildlife during the dry season. In addition, Rwangara, which is outside the Reserve, is also an important wetland especially for Shoebill. Wetlands also act as breeding areas for fish.

Over the years, some of these habitats have been changing due to change in climate and overgrazing. The grassland has been affected by invasive species e.g. Dichrostachys cineria that has invaded most of the areas of Nyamabare, Makondo, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange, Kangonzebwoha, Kacwankumu, Kanara, Kigungu and, Kanywataba and is still spreading to other parts of the Reserve. In addition, these areas get affected by drought, which leads to drying of water sources in the Reserve. Other places are changing to woodland and if not well-managed will turn into forests, which will reduce the grazing areas for wildlife.

Wetlands especially along River Wasa towards L. Albert have been affected by fires caused by the fishermen who burn to increase their fish catches hence affecting breeding of other wildlife species. The burning also affects breeding areas for the Shoebill (UWA,20178 ).

Waste management is increasingly becoming a challenge in Kanara town council, which is a wildlife sanctuary. There is poor sanitation, poor handling of polythene bags and no waste bins. People are not well sensitised on waste management.

8TSWR Fire management plan 2017-2021

Given that this place is one of the tourism sites especially for Shoebill, poor waste management spoils the beauty of the place hence affecting tourism business in the area. Waste also attracts baboons leading to increased human wildlife conflict.

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Plate 19: Picture showing poor garbage management within Kanara Town Council

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 44 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Management has put in efforts to sensitise communities on waste management including practical demonstrations on waste management techniques (Plate 21). These activities have been participatory involving local, opinion and religious leaders. However, communities are slow in adopting the interventions put in place and have continued with their traditional practices.

Plate 20: Photograph showing good waste management practice at Karugutu wildlife reserve headquarters Management Actions This plan has proposed measures to manage the habitats. Vegetation manipulation will be carried out in places which have been invaded by invasive species and those that have changed from grassland to woodland to create open areas for grazing. Water dams will be constructed in Kandita and at Semuliki Safari Lodge (SSL) junction where water is a problem. Management will work with Ntoroko-Kanara Town Council to ensure that waste is properly managed. A waste management plan for the Reserve will be developed and this will include management of waste outside the Reserve in Kanara Town Council. UWA will work with the District Natural Resources Departments, NEMA and other stakeholders to enforce The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Management) Regulations, No. 3/2000 under the National Environment Act, cap 153 especially – on the use of the lake shores along the reserve boundary. DetailedDetailed Management management Actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Work with NEMA, DLG and other stakeholders WIC WCC, CDO DEO, Year 1-10 to enforce the Wetlands, River Banks and WP, NEMA Lake Shores Management regulations 2 Develop and implement a waste management WEM WIC, WCC, YR 1; YR 2-10 plan MP,DEO 3 Formulate and enforce regulations for TSWR WLE DDLCA Yr 4

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 45 Output 2: Negative impacts of Extractive Industries and developments minimized

Numerous developments are currently being implemented and some are being proposed within the boundaries of the Wildlife Reserve. These include petroleum development, hydropower, gravity water schemes, roads, and various tourism infrastructure and facilities as detailed below.

Petroleum developments TSWR is one of the protected areas in the Albertine Graben where oil and gas activities are taking place. The first licence of the block that included the Reserve was awarded to Heritage Oil Company in 1997. The Company drilled three wells (Turacco 1, 2, and 3) in Rwebisengo area, which is close to the Reserve. However, these wells were abandoned because no commercially viable quantities of petroleum were discovered. In 2013, another exploratory well, Kanywataba was drilled inside the Reserve by China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) but the Well was also dry. During the first round of licensing, the Government licensed the Kanywataba-Turaco blocks to Amour Energy an Austrian oil company to undertake more exploration for oil and gas in the area. Thus, the Reserve will most likely be affected by the petroleum activities in the next ten years.

Hydropower

In the north east of the Reserve, Government has proposed Muzizi hydropower dam that is planned to generate 44.7 megawatts (MEMD, 2013). Hydropower development can potentially facilitate aquatic habitat degeneration especially for aquatic wildlife. Although the infrastructure will be outside the Reserve on the western bank of River Muzizi, impacts may spill over to the Reserve, given that animals access the River for water and others (such as Hippopotamus and Crocodiles) live permanently in this location.

Roads (management and UNRA roads)

There have been two main proposed roads, which will transverse the reserve including Karugutu-Ntoroko and Masongora-Kanara roads. The Karugutu-Ntoroko road bisects the Reserve into two and is a murram road. UNRA has planned to upgrade the road to bitumen standard though UWA had proposed to divert the road so that it follows the current Karugutu-Rwebisengo road up to the reserve boundary at Makondo. From that point the road would then follow the reserve boundary via Kachwankumu road to Ntoroko to minimize potential negative impacts of road development in the reserve. If this proposal is accepted, then the

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Output 2: Negative impacts of Extractive Industries and developments minimized

Numerous developments are currently being implemented and some are being proposed within the boundaries of the Wildlife Reserve. These include petroleum development, hydropower, gravity water schemes, roads, and various tourism infrastructure and facilities as detailed below.

Petroleum Developments TSWR is one of the protected areas in the Albertine Graben where oil and gas activities are taking place. The first licence of the block that included the Reserve was awarded to Heritage Oil Company in 1997. The Company drilled three wells (Turacco 1, 2, and 3) in Rwebisengo area, which is close to the Reserve. However, these wells were abandoned because no commercially viable quantities of petroleum were discovered. In 2013, another exploratory well, Kanywataba was drilled inside the Reserve by China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) but the Well was also dry. During the first round of licensing, the Government licensed the Kanywataba-Turaco blocks to Amour Energy an Austrian oil company to undertake more exploration for oil and gas in the area. Thus, the Reserve will most likely be affected by the petroleum activities in the next ten years.

Hydropower In the north east of the Reserve, Government has proposed Muzizi hydropower dam that is planned to generate 44.7 megawatts (MEMD, 2013). Hydropower development can potentially facilitate aquatic habitat degeneration especially for aquatic wildlife. Although the infrastructure will be outside the Reserve on the western bank of River Muzizi, impacts may spill over to the Reserve, given that animals access the River for water and others (such as Hippopotamus and Crocodiles) live permanently in this location.

Roads (management and UNRA roads) There have been two main proposed roads, which will transverse the reserve including Karugutu- Ntoroko and Masongora-Kanara roads. The Karugutu-Ntoroko road bisects the Reserve into two and is a murram road. UNRA has planned to upgrade the road to bitumen standard though UWA had proposed to divert the road so that it follows the current Karugutu-Rwebisengo road up to the reserve boundary at Makondo. From that point the road would then follow the reserve boundary via Kachwankumu road to Ntoroko to minimize potential negative impacts of road development in the reserve. If this proposal is accepted, then the existing road will be used exclusively by tourists. Road development can lead to loss of habitat, introduction of invasive species, increase in road kills (from vehicle collisions) and increased human access to the reserve. Socially, the option of diversion would benefit communities neighbouring the reserve much more than the one going through the middle of the reserve.

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Plate 21: Photograph showing a dead African civet near Ntoroko as a result of being knocked crossing the road (road kill) Transmission lines Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development and the Rural Electrification Agency have proposed a transmission line from Karugutu connecting to Ntoroko. This line will pass through the reserve. Transmission lines cause visual intrusion, may lead to vegetation loss, land take and reduce the visitor experience. These lines also pose a potential risk of electrocution to birds with wide wing spans e.g. the Marabou stork.

Gravity water scheme Government has proposed extension of gravity water originating from Rwenzori Mountains to supply the areas of Ntoroko and Rwebisengo. Distribution pipes will be laid through the reserve. This will result into land take; soil erosion; and interference with wildlife movement and breeding. The above developments can potentially result into negative environmental impacts to the Reserve if not well managed. UWA has prepared an environmental sensitivity atlas for the Reserve that identifies areas that are more sensitive to these developments so that they can be protected during these developments. This Management plan further puts in place management actions to minimise impacts of these developments.

Management actions Management will carry out baseline studies for those areas to be opened up for developments to assess their status in terms of plant species and coverage, soil conditions, animal access among others. This information will be used during restoration after the activities have been completed. The information will also supplement the one that will be generated by the companies and contractors during the EIA process. In order to address long-term impacts of these developments, management will partner with Research institutions to generate data for future monitoring. The Reserve staff will be involved in the EIA process including identifying the impacts and mitigation measures of the projects to be implemented and during the review process. They will monitor implementation of the mitigation measures to ensure compliance. Tools that will guide management in monitoring compliance will be developed. For UWA initiated projects, staff in collaboration with the EIA unit at UWA headquarters will prepare project briefs to address the impacts of these projects on the Reserve. They will then monitor to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented. Environmental audits will be periodically conducted for all the ongoing projects to ensure compliance to environmental provisions.

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these developments so that they can be protected during these developments. This Management plan further puts in place management actions to minimise impacts of these developments.

Management actions Management will carry out baseline studies for those areas to be opened up for developments to assess their status in terms of plant species and coverage, soil conditions, animal access among others. This information will be used during restoration after the activities have been completed. The information will also supplement the one that will be generated by the companies and contractors during the EIA process. In order to address long-term impacts of these developments, management will partner with Research institutions to generate data for future monitoring. The Reserve staff will be involved in the EIA process including identifying the impacts and mitigation measures of the projects to be implemented and during the review process. They will monitor implementation of the mitigation measures to ensure compliance. Tools that will guide management in monitoring compliance will be developed.

For UWA initiated projects, staff in collaboration with the EIA unit at UWA headquarters will prepare project briefs to address the impacts of these projects on the Reserve. They will then monitor to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented.

Environmental audits will be periodically conducted for all the ongoing projects to ensure compliance to environmental provisions. TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

DetailedDetailed Management manage Actionsment actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Carry out project baseline studies before start of WEM EMRU, Research Year1-10 activities institutions 2 Monitor compliance to EIA conditions of approval WEM MEIA/OM, CW Year1-10 3 Monitor long term impacts of developments WEM MEIA/OM, CW Year1-10 4 Carry out environmental audits MEIA/OM WEM, WIC Year1-10 5 Carry out project briefs for UWA initiated MEIA/OM WEM, WIC Year1-10 projects 6 Participate in the review of EIS and project briefs MEIA/OM WEM, WIC Year1-10 for externally initiated developments

OutputTORO-SEMLIKI 3: Illegal activities WILDLIFE in RESERVE the PA reduced GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3 Output 3: Illegal activities in the PA reduced WhileWhi ltheree the havere h beenave beffortseen e byffo managementrts by mana toge combatment t illegalo com activitiesbat ille gina thel ac PA,tiv someities iofn themthe are still a big challenge. They include poaching, charcoal burning, cattle grazing, area encroachment PAKac, wankumu,some of th Kakaraem are andstill Nyabigari. a big ch aPoachingllenge. T haelsyo intakesclude pl paceoac hinin gRwangara, charcoa lareas for farming and bush burning among others. bouturnsideing, thecatt lReserve.e grazing, area encroachment for farming and bush burning among others. Poaching Poachers target Antelopes and Warthogs though sometimes they go for Buffalos. PoachingPoaching is still one of the problems faced in the reserve. The Reserve was originally used as a huntingPoaching area for is themai omukamanly for ofsubsisten Tooro force recreation although and oth trophies.ers do Up it to fornow, commerc some communitiesial reason s. PMostoach iofng theis stpoachersill one o fuse th edogs, pro bspleeamsrs f aandced sometimesin the res ewirerve. snaresThe R etose rkivell animawas ls. stillor iregardginally this us earead a sas a a hunhuntingting areaare aand fo dor th note takeomu khuntingama o asf To ano illegalro fo ractivity. recrea Poachingtion and is Given the proximity of the Reserve to DRC, there is also an anticipated threat of rampanttrophie sin. Uthep tareaso now of, s oWango,me co mmRwamikira,unities sNyamabale,till regard Rwenzunza,this area a s Ndorwa,a hunti nMuzizi,g area Wasa,and Konayanika,darmedo not tpoachinga kKacwankumu,e hunt itargetingng a Kakaras an Elephants.ill andega Nyabigari.l acti vity Poaching. Poachi nalsog i stakes ram pplaceant iinn Rwangarathe area sareas of outsideWango the, R Reserve.wamikir aPoachers, Nyama targetbale, AntelopesRwenzun zanda, NWarthogsdorwa, Mthoughuzizi, sometimesWasa, Ko ntheyaya ngoik afor, Buffalos.Management Poaching has is mainly intensif forie subsistenced patrols althoughto curb othersthis problem do it for commercialand curre ntreasons.ly most Most of the of areasthe poachers are acce usess dogs,ed by spears Rangers and sometimes except al wireong snaresthe escarpme to kill animals.nt be Givencause the of proximity the ragged of terrthe Reserveain making to DRC, it there impo isss alsoible an to anticipated access. threatThese of effortsarmed poaching along witargetingth inte Elephants.lligence and community sensitisation have resulted into reduced illegal activities in general. ManagementPoaching hasand intensified encroachm patrolsent sto a curbppear this as problem on incr andea currentlyse probably most ofdue the toareas incr areea sed accessedpatrol byefforts Rangers and except improved along report the escarpment by comm becauseunities. of the ragged terrain making it impossible to access. These efforts along with intelligence and community sensitisation have resulted into reduced illegal activities in general. Poaching and encroachments appear as on increaseTable probably 3: Summary due to table increased sho patrolwing incidenefforts andce simproved of illegal report activit by communities.ies encountered from 2012- 2018 Table 3: Summary table showing incidences of illegal activities encountered from 2012- 2018

Type of illegal activity Number of incidents 2012-2018 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Encroachment 2 71 147 87 66 16 15 Hunting/Poaching 66 87 211 130 328 438 374 Fishing 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 NTFP collection: Honey 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 Stakes 0 1 12 7 0 0 1 Poles 7 18 54 38 41 14 5 Grass 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Forest Products Firewood 8 14 27 18 28 10 1 Charcoal 1 0 0 0 4 0 2 Total 87 192 455 280 469 479 398 (Source: UWA records-SMART)(Source: UWA records-SMART)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 48 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3

FigureFigure 17: Gra 17:ph s how Graphing inc showingidences o fincidences illegal activit ofies illegal activities (Source: UWA records-SMART)

Figure 17: Graph showing incidences of illegal activities (S ource: UWA2018 re cPATROLords-SMAR COVERAGET) 2017 PATROL COVERAGE

(Source: UWA records-SMART) 2018 PATROL COVERAGE 2017 PATROL COVERAGE

2018 PATROL COVERAGE 2017 PATROL COVERAGE

Summary table of patrol effort 2018 Summary table of patrol effort 2018 Transport type Number of Numb e r of Days Number of Distance (km) Perso n - Days Summary table of patrol effort 2018 Patrols Nights Transport type Number of Number of Days Number of Distance (km) Person - Days Airplane 1 1 0 39.45 2 Patrols Nights Foot 809 2010 1201 10461.12 4608 Airplane 1 1 0 39.45 2 Motorized 70 75 5 2586.81 173 Foot 809 2010 1201 10461.12 4608 Observational 1 1 0 28.33 2 Motorized 70 75 5 2586.81 173 Observational Total 881 1 2081 7 1200 6 1311528.33.7 1 4782 5 Summary table of patrol effort 2017 Total 881 2087 1206 13115.71 4785 SummarySumTrmanasrpyo tra ttableb tlyep oef ofpa tpatrolroNl uemffb oeffortertr 2o01f 72017 Number of Days Number of Distance (km) Person - Days Patrols Nights Transport type Number of Number of Days Number of Distance (km) Person - Days Airplane 1 1 0 63.52 2 Patrols Nights FooAirptl ane 9610 2311 5 1350 5 926263.5.29 2 5202 3 MFoootot rized 96290 23134 5 1355 5 9262724..5962 520853 ObseMotorvaizedtio nal 229 344 52 72421..7586 895 Observational Total 992 2 2354 4 1362 2 1007221.78.7 9 5299 9 Graph showing Toefftalor t per m99ont2 h 2018 2354 1362 10072.79 5299 Graph showing effort per month 2018 TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 49

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Graph showing effort per month 2018

Graph showing effort per month 2017

Figure 18: Patrol effort comparison graphs, maps and tables (Source: UWA records-SMART)

Plate 22: Photograph showing a team of Rangers on patrol Grazing The reserve is surrounded by a big community of cattle keepers more especially in Rwebisengo, Bweramure and Butungama sub-counties. They have big herds of cattle but have limited land to accommodate them hence end up pushing them to the reserve for pasture and water. This problem increases during the dry seasons though sometimes when it floods also the owners go to the reserve. Management has been impounding these cows and confining them into the designated kraals and the owners fined although this is changing to allow offenders be taken to courts of law for prosecution. In addition, UWA is developing regulations for PAs that will address cattle grazing in protected areas among other things and the process for developing regulations for TSWR has already started. TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 50 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 19: Map showing cattle grazing and poaching incidences (Source: UWA records-SMART) TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 51 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Plate 23: Photograph showing burnt areas inside the reserve Management actions ManagementTORO-SEM willLIKI WenhanceILDLIFE R patrolsESERVE GEbothNERAL routine AMAN andGEM EtargetedNT PLAN 2based020/21 on– 2 02intelligence.9/3 In addition, Drones (Unmanned vehicles) shall be used to enhance patrols and to detect problem Elephants as wellIn oasrd monitoringer to mana impactsge the gr ofaz developmentsing problem, r einsidegulat itheons reserve. will be fForina ltheised hot an dspot enf oareas,rced. spot checksStr willong be kr conducted.aals will b eThe con arrestedstructed suspects to confi willne thbee taken impo toun courtsded ca ofttl lawe a nford tprosecution.he owners Maintainingwill be ofpro thesec boundaryuted. will be carried out through slashing. Boundary trees will be planted in areas of Munyege to Nyakatehe and along the escarpment. Pillars will be re-installed where they wereM removed.anagement will continue implementing the fire management plan to ensure that fire incidences are minimised. Fire lines will be maintained and new ones created In orderin t tohe manage fire pro thene grazingareas. problem, regulations will be finalised and enforced. Strong kraals will be constructed to confine the impounded cattle and the owners will be prosecuted. Management will continueIntensif implementingied sensitisat theion firewill management take place planto toen ensuresure c othatmm fireuni tincidencesies appre areciat minimised.e the Fire linesvalu ewill of be con maintainedservation andand new stop ones illeg createdal activ iintie thes. fire prone areas. Intensified sensitisation will take place to ensure communities appreciate the value of conservation and stop illegal activities.

DetailedDetailed management managem actionsent actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Carry out routine and targeted patrols WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 2 Conduct spot checks WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 3 Prosecute suspects WLE WP, IS YR 1-10 4 Enhance the boundary marking by planting live WCC WIC, WLE, LCs YR 1-5 markers from Munyege to Nyakatehe 5 Monitor and Maintain the Reserve boundary WLE WIC.WCC YR 1-10 6 Construct and maintain cattle kraals for impounded WLE WIC YR 1-10 domestic animals inside the Reserve 7 Implement the fire management plan WEM WIC, WLE YR 1-10 8 Gather and manage intelligence information WLE IS, WIC YR 1-10 9 Formulate and enforce regulations for TSWR WLE DDLCA Yr 1-2

OuOutputtput 4 :4: S Securityecurity a andnd sasafetyfety ooff vvisitorsisitors andand staffstaff whilewhile in in the th ereserve reserv ensurede ensured TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 52 Issues and Rationale The Rwenzori region where TSWR is located has suffered insecurity from a number of elements including Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) and Rwenzururu intertribal conflicts. The ADF terrorized the region in the late 90s and continue to be a threat in the region. There have been recent tribal clashes in the districts of Bundibugyo and Kasese which has claimed a number of lives. In addition, the insecurity in DRC has potential to spill over to TSWR given that the reserve is at the border where wrong elements can cross through Lake Albert to hide in the reserve.

Management actions Staff will conduct regular joint patrols in and around the park with UPDF to ensure security and safety. Cross border coordinated meetings on security will be organized and conducted with DRC Authorities. Gathering and sharing of intelligence information will be emphasized to ensure that all parties are well informed. In case suspects who come from DRC are arrested on the Ugandan side, management will handover suspects to the concerned authorities across the border for prosecution according to agreed terms between the two sister forces.

Detailed management actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Carry out regular joint patrols with UPDF WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 2 Hold security meetings both with other security WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 agents and with DRC Authorities

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3

In order to manage the grazing problem, regulations will be finalised and enforced. Strong kraals will be constructed to confine the impounded cattle and the owners will be prosecuted.

Management will continue implementing the fire management plan to ensure that fire incidences are minimised. Fire lines will be maintained and new ones created in the fire prone areas.

Intensified sensitisation will take place to ensure communities appreciate the value of conservation and stop illegal activities.

Detailed management actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Carry out routine and targeted patrols WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 2 Conduct spot checks WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 3 Prosecute suspects WLE WP, IS YR 1-10 4 Enhance the boundary marking by planting live WCC WIC, WLE, LCs YR 1-5 markers from Munyege to Nyakatehe 5 Monitor and Maintain the Reserve boundary WLE WIC.WCC YR 1-10 6 Construct and maintain cattle kraals for impounded WLE WIC YR 1-10 domestic animals inside the Reserve 7 Implement the fire management plan WEM WIC, WLE YR 1-10 8 Gather and manage intelligence information WLE IS, WIC YR 1-10 9 Formulate and enforce regulations for TSWR WLE DDLCA Yr 1-2

Output 4: Security and safety of visitors and staff while in the reserve ensured

Issues and Rationale TORO-SEMLIKIThe Rwe WILDLIFEnzori r RESERVEegion w GENERALhere TS MANAGEMENTWR is loc PLANate d2020/21 has s –u 2029/30ffered insecurity from a number Issuesof e andlem Rationaleents inclu ding Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) and Rwenzururu intertribal Thec onRwenzoriflicts. T regionhe AD whereF terr oTSWRrized isth locatede region has in suffered the late insecurity 90s and cfromonti nau numbere to be of a elementsthreat in¬cludingin the r Alliedegion Democratic. There ha Forcesve bee (ADF)n rec eandnt Rwenzururutribal clash intertribales in the conflicts.districts Theof B ADFund terrorizedibugyo thea regionnd Kas ines thee w latehich 90s ha sand clai continuemed a nuto mbeb ear threat of liv ines the. In region.additi oTheren, th ehave ins ecbeenuri trecenty in D RtribalC clasheshas p ino ttheen tdistrictsial to s pofill Bundibugyo over to TS andWR Kasese given whichthat thashe claimedreserve a i numbers at the of b lives.orde rIn w addition,here thew insecurityrong elem ine DRCnts c hasan cpotentialross thro tough spill La overke A ltobe TSWRrt to h givenide i nthat the the res reserveerve. is at the border where wrong elements can cross through Lake Albert to hide in the reserve. Management actions ManagementStaff will c actionsonduct regular joint patrols in and around the park with UPDF to ensure Staffsec willuri tconducty and regularsafety. joint Cro patrolsss bor inde andr c oaroundordina theted park mee withtin gUPDFs on tos ecensureurity securitywill b eand safety.orga Crossnized borderand coordinatedconducted meetingswith D RonC securityAuthor willitie bes. organizedGatherin andg a conductednd shari nwithg oDRCf Authorities.intellige nGatheringce inform andati onsharing will ofb eintelligence emphasiz informationed to ensu willre thbea emphasizedt all partie tos aensurere we thatll all ipartiesnform eared. wellIn c ainformed.se suspec Int scase who suspects come fr whoom DcomeRC a fromre ar rDRCeste ared on arrested the Ug onan thedan Ugandan side, side,m amanagementnagement w iwillll h ahandoverndover s sus¬pectsuspects to to th thee c onconcernedcerned aauthoritiesuthorities acrossacross thethe borderborde rfor prosecutionfor prose caccordingution ac ctoo ragreedding to terms agre ebetweend terms the be ttwowee sistern the forces. two sister forces.

DetailedDetailed management manageme actionsnt actions Activitie s Resp. Oth –e rs Time 1 Carry out regular joint patrols with UPDF WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 2 Hold security meetings both with other security WLE WIC, IS YR 1-10 agActivitiesents and with DRC Authorities Resp. Others Time 3 Develop and share protocols with other security WLE IS, WIC YR 1-10 agencies to gather and share intelligence information

4.1.2 Research and Ecological Monitoring program The Monitoring and Research program builds on the current research efforts already taking place in the PA. However,4.1.2 emphasis Research has mainlyand Ecological been put on Monitoring monitoring. program The ecological research and monitoring Unit undertakes periodic monitoring censuses of large mammals inside the PA and theThe adjoining Monitoring areas. Therefore, and Research population program estimates builds of large on mammalsthe current in TSWR research are derived efforts from aerialalready surveys taking through place Systematic in the Reconnaissance PA. However, Flights emphasis (SRFs) hasof the mai ecosystem.nly been Despite put on this theremonitoring. are phenomena The thatecological require scientificresearch research and monitoring upon which Unit to base undertakes to make management periodic monitoring censuses of large mammals inside the PA and the adjoining areas. decisions. However, with the new challenges in the PA and new development projects, more Therefore, population estimates of large mammals in TSWR are derived from aerial management oriented research and monitoring will need to be carried out in order to inform surveys through Systematic Reconnaissance Flights (SRFs) of the ecosystem. decisions in addressing some of the major challenges below; Despite this there are phenomena that require scientific research upon which to i. Potential for disease transmission from animals to animals and to humans base to make management decisions. However, with the new challenges in the PA ii. Flooding of the lower parts of the reserve and new development projects, more management oriented research and iii. monitoringHabitat changewill need from to grassland be carried to woodland out in order to inform decisions in addressing iv. someNegative of the majorimpacts challenges of climate changebelow; v. i. ThePotential spread of for invasive disease species transmission from animals to animals and to humans vi. ii. WasteFlooding management of the lower issues parts of the reserve Theiii. program Habitat objective change shall from be grassland achieved tothrough woodland outputs described below when activities proposediv. Negativeare well implemented. impacts of climate change Programv. objective:The spread To of generate invasive scientificspecies and management oriented information for wildlife management.vi. Waste management issues Output 1: Scientific and management oriented information for wildlife management generated andThe shared. program There objective are various shall ecological be achieved information through needs outputscritical to described the management below ofwhen TSWR thatactivities should be proposed generated are for well informed implemented. decision-making and management of the reserve. Key areas include vegetation changes, invasive species, health and ranging pattern of key wildlife, wild animalProgram extinctions objective: as well To as generate the overall scientific species diversityand management of the reserve. oriented TSWR information ecosystem has beenfor a wildlife grassland management habitat but .is consistently changing from open grassland to closed woodland aggravated by the spreading of invasive species especially Dichrostachys cinerea (figure 7 Output 1: Scientific and management oriented information for wildlife TSWRmanagement GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 generated and shared. 53

There are various ecological information needs critical to the management of TSWR that should be generated for informed decision-making and management of the reserve. Key areas include vegetation changes, invasive species, health and ranging pattern of key wildlife, wild animal extinctions as well as the overall species diversity of the reserve.

TSWR ecosystem has been a grassland habitat but is consistently changing from open grassland to closed woodland aggravated by the spreading of invasive species especially Dichrostachys cinerea (figure 7 above). The vegetation changes may impact on species distribution and health as well as the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. Changes in species distribution could increase the existing interface between wildlife, domestic animals and local people especially in the areas of Makondo, Ntoroko and Kachwankumu. This interaction is a risk for cross transmission of disease, such as Foot and Mouth Disease, between the wildlife and domestic animals as well as to humans such as Tuberculosis. Tourism activities

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3

especially chimpanzee tracking and waste management may also result in spread

TORO-SEMLIKIof diseas eWILDLIFE. RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 above). The vegetation changes may impact on species distribution and health as well as the carryingFurthe rcapacitymore, uofn ttheil n ecosystem.ow only ae Changesrial cen sinu sspecies surve ydistributions have be ecouldn ca rincreaseried ou tthe in existingTSWR interfaceand ge betweennerally wildlife,tend todomestic unde ranimalsestima andte localthe peoplepopul aespeciallytions of in sthema areasll to of mMakondo,edium Ntorokomamm andals, Kachwankumu.which also ar Thise sh interactiony species. isT ah eriskref forore cross, the transmissiontotal biolog ofica disease,l divers suchity o asf Footthe andres Moutherve i sDisease, not full betweeny assess theed wildlifeand po andpul adomestictions of animals small to as mwelled asium to mhumansamma suchls are as Tuberculosis.underestim Tourismated or activities unknow especiallyn. Asse sschimpanzeeing and ttrackingransloca andtio wasten of managementextinct and may oth alsoer resultspec inie spreads of w ofild disease.life such as Zebra and Hartebeest may increase the PA value in terms of conservation and tourism. Similarly, the vegetation profile including Furthermore,species and until the inowr di sonlytrib uaerialtion censushas ne vsurveyser been have con dbeenucte carriedd whic outh is in a TSWRchall eandnge generally to the tendma ntoa gunderestimateement of the the re spopulationserve’s hab ofita smallt. In to su mediummmary, mammals, plant an dwhich anim alsoal i nareve shynto rspecies.ies as Therefore,well as r theegu totallar biologicalaerial an diversityd groun ofd thewil dreservelife ce isn snotuse fullys a reassessed neede andd to populations provide o ofve smallrall tob imediumologica lmammals diversity are pr ounderestimatedfile of the re sore runknown.ve, tren dAssessings in spec andies translocationpopulations ofan extinctd for andma othernage mspeciesent to of e wildlifensure t suchhat saspe Zebracies p andopu Hartebeestlations co nmaytinu increasee to grow the. PA value in terms of conservation and tourism. Similarly, the vegetation profile including species and their distribution hasMa nevernage mbeenent conductedactions which is a challenge to the management of the reserve’s habitat. In summary,Monitori nplantg th ande i animalnterac inventoriestion and paso sswellibl eas dregularisease aerial tran andsmi groundssion b wildlifeetwee ncensuses wildlif eare, neededlivesto tock provide and hu overallmans biologicalaround t diversityhe reserve profile wil ofl b thee c reserve,onducte trendsd in l iinai speciesson with populations District andsta forke homanagementlders. This to w ensureill be d thatone species through populations sharing a continuend repor toti ngrow.g of information on any Managementoutbreaks tactionshat may occur, and conducting active and passive surveillance of Monitoringdisease a tthe th einteraction wildlife, andhum possiblean and ldiseaseivestoc ktransmission interface. Tbetweenools for wildlife,species livestockhealth a nandd humanspopula aroundtion m theon reserveitoring willwi llbe conductedbe develo inp liaisoned an withd im Districtpleme stakeholders.nted espec iThisally will fo ber donethe throughShoeb isharingll. and reporting of information on any outbreaks that may occur, and conducting active and passive surveillance of disease at the wildlife, human and livestock interface. Tools forRese speciesarch healthalso w andill b populatione carried monitoringout to est awillbli sbeh hdevelopedabitat ch aandng eimplementeds especially especiallyrelating t foro theth eShoebill.Research ecology, exten alsot, im willpa bect carriedand m iouttig atoti oestablishn of in vhabitatasive schangespecies iespeciallyn the Rese relatingrve. Ato thede ecology,tailed p extent,lant a nimpactd anim andal mitigationspecies in ofve invasiventory w speciesill be cino nthedu cReserve.ted to Ae sdetailedtablish plantthe andRese animalrves ’species specie inventorys richness will an bed dconductediversity. Ttoh iestablishs shall b thee ac Reserves’hieved t hspeciesrough richnesspromoti nandg diversity.and su ppThisor tshalling beof achievedmanag ethroughment opromotingriented randesea supportingrch cond ofuc tmanagemented by Sta fforiented and researchresearc hconducteders as we byll aStaffs un danderta researchersking RBDC iasn thwelle r easse rveundertaking. Subseq uRBDCentl yin a ppther oreserve.priate Subsequentlyspecies tran appropriateslocations specieswill be translocationscarried out. will be carried out.

DetailedDetailed management managem actionsent actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Monitor and report disease outbreaks WEM DVO, VC, YR1-10 2 Carry out research on Habitat changes, and WEM WIC, EMRU YR 1-10 Invasive species 3 Conduct species inventory (plants and WEM WIC, EMRU YR 4-5 animals) within the reserve 4 Develop monitoring tools and monitor the WEM WIC, EMRU, YR 2; health and movement of the shoebill Nature UG 5 Collect and analyze Ranger Based Data WEM WIC, WLE YR 1-10 (SMART) in the PA 6 Carry out research and liaise with WEM WIC, EMRU YR 1-10 stakeholders to promote research in the PA 7 Carryout periodic Census both aerial and WEM EMRU, WCS YR 2,4,6,8,10 ground 8 Assess habitat s uitability and ca rryout WEM W IC, VC, E –M RU Y R , 4, 6 translocation of locally extinct species of wildlife or whose numbers are minimal in Activitiesthe reserv e Resp. Others Time 9 Monitor key wildlife spp WEM VC, EMRU YR 1-10 (Endangered/vulnerable/rare) including Collaring the Elephants to monitor their movements TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 54 Output 2: Negative impacts of climate change and disasters minimized

Climate change is a growing threat to biodiversity conservation globally with potential to damage ecosystems and accelerate biodiversity loss. (IPBES, 2017)9. Observed impacts of climate change in TSWR include changing precipitation patterns especially sporadic rains that result in flooding of the lower parts of the reserve.

In addition, habitat changes have been observed particularly the ecosystem increasingly changing from open grassland to closed woodland and the increasing spread of the invasive species Dichrostahcys cinerea. These changes in vegetation have resulted into the vegetation closing up in many parts of the reserve making it unsuitable for many herbivorous wildlife species.

Figure 20: Map showing the extent of invasive species

9Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Output 2: Negative impacts of climate change and disasters minimized Climate change is a growing threat to biodiversity conservation globally with potential to damage ecosystems and accelerate biodiversity loss. (IPBES, 2017) . Observed impacts of climate change in TSWR include changing precipitation patterns especially sporadic rains that result in flooding of the lower parts of the reserve.

In addition, habitat changes have been observed particularly the ecosystem increasingly changing from open grassland to closed woodland and the increasing spread of the invasive species Dichrostahcys cinerea. These changes in vegetation have resulted into the vegetation closing up in many parts of the reserve making it unsuitable for many herbivorous wildlife species.

Figure 20: Map showing the extent of invasive species

Plate 24: Photograph showing a thicket of Dichrostachys cineria around Kachwankumu area

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 55 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Present weather stations in the reserve and method/type of data collected, are inadequate thus giving incomplete data sets.

Plate 25: Photograph showing the floods towards Rwebisengo section of the reserve

Plate 26: Photograph showing a water poll inside the Reserve drying up Management actions The reserve management will undertake monitoring of weather patterns to establish long-term impact of climate change on the reserve. At present, the reserve has four (4) manual rain gauges for collecting rainfall data located at Makondo, Ntoroko, Karugutu and Mugiri. The equipment for collecting weather data in the reserve shall therefore be upgraded. Six standard weather stations preferably the automated ones will be set up in the reserve in the outposts of Kijura, SSL, Masongora, Makondo, Ntoroko and Karugutu to collect various weather parameters including rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures, wind speed and direction as well as sunshine intensity among others. Automated weather stations are recommended in order to address incomplete weather data sets that occur with manual weather stations especially caused by staff

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 56 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3

Plate 26: Photograph showing a water poll inside the Reserve drying up

Management actions The reserve management will undertake monitoring of weather patterns to establish long-term impact of climate change on the reserve. At present, the reserve has four (4) manual rain gauges for collecting rainfall data located at Makondo, Ntoroko, Karugutu and Mugiri. The equipment for collecting weather data in the reserve shall therefore be upgraded. Six standard weather stations preferably the automated ones will be set up in the reserve in the outposts of Kijura, SSL, Masongora, Makondo, Ntoroko and Karugutu to collect various weather parameters including rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures, wind speed and direction as well as sunshine intensity among others. Automated weather stations are recommended in order to address incomplete weather data sets that occur with manual weather stations especially caused by staff transfers. The weather information collected will be shared with stakeholders to help TORO-SEMLIKIcommuni WILDLIFEties nei RESERVEghbou GENERALring th MANAGEMENTe reserve PLAN pre 2020/21dict a –n 2029/30d adapt to the impacts of the transfers.changin gThe cl iweathermate. information collected will be shared with stakeholders to help communities neighbouring the reserve predict and adapt to the impacts of the changing climate. In adapting to the impacts of climate change on the reserve, invasive InDic adaptinghrosta toch theys impactscinerea ofp lclimateant sp changeecies w onill the be reserve, manag invasiveed throu Dichrostachysgh eradicat icinereaon in plantthe speciesareas willof beN managedyamabal ethrough, Kany eradicationamukura, inK theyen areasyang ofe Nyamabale,and Kach wKanyamukura,ankumu to Kyenyangeprevent andfu rKachwankumuther spread i nto t preventhe rese furtherrve. spread in the reserve.

DetailedDetailed management manageme actionsnt actions TORO-ASEcMtiviLItKIie Ws ILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENReT Psp.LA N 2020O/2th1e –r s2 029/3 Time 1 Manage the invasive Dicrostachys cenerea in the WEM WIC, CW, EMRU Yr 1-10 areas of Nyamabale, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange aAncdti viKatciehsw ankumu within the reserve to open Resp. Others Time up wild animal grazing areas 2 Establish 6 automatic weather stations (Kijura, WEM WIC, CW, EMRU Yr 3-5 Karugutu and Ntoroko, SSL, Makondo) for weather data collection 3 Analyze and disseminate weather information WEM WIC, CW, EMRU Yr1-10 to stakeholders 4 Construct and maintain water dams for wild WIC CW, WEM Yr 1 animals inside the Reserve 5 Monitor flooding patterns and their impacts on WEM EMRU Yr 1-10 the reserve ecosystems

4.1.3 Capacity development program

Program objective:4.1 To.3 ensureCapac effectiveity devel andop efficientment p operationsrogram of the reserve

OutputProgram 1: Adequate, objecti skilledve: To and en smotivatedure effec stafftive ainn placed efficient operations of the reserve

HumanOutp utcapacity 1: Ad developmentequate, skilled and motivated staff in place Staff in the Reserve have inadequate skills in wildlife management. About 50% of current staff numbersHuman werecapa trainedcity de inv ebasiclopm wildlifeent management in 2013-2014 while some senior staff were trainedStaff inin paramilitary the Reserv skillse ha vine 2007. inad eTheyqua talsoe sk receivedills in w trainingildlife inm aBordernagem Patrolent. toAb combatout 50% cross of boardercurrent wildlife staff crimes.numb eInr saddition, were ttherai nnewed staffin b amemberssic wildl whoife mhaveana beengeme recruitednt in 201 since3-2 0201414 havewhi notle sbeenome trainedsenior in s basictaff wildlifewere tmanagement.rained in pa Newram iconservationlitary skills managementin 2007. T hchallengesey also suchrec eiasv climateed tra ichange,ning in newBor technologiesder Patrol toamong com othersbat c rcallsoss forbo arefresherrder wil trainingdlife c rsessionsimes. In in orderadd ifortio then, tstaffhe n toe wbe srelevanttaff me andmb emeasurers who upha tove the bee conservationn recruite challenges.d since 20 14 have not been trained in basic wildlife management. New conservation management Inadequatechallenge staffs su ch as climate change, new technologies among others calls for refresher training sessions in order for the staff to be relevant and measure up to Currently, there are 11 Outposts including the reserve headquarters at Karugutu. The total number the conservation challenges. of staff both junior and senior is 50. On average, each outpost is manned by at least 2 rangers while at headquarters there are at least 20 junior and senior staff altogether. Considering the existing Inadequate staff management challenges which also require establishment of additional outposts proposed in this Currently, there are 11 Outposts including the reserve headquarters at Karugutu. plan, the staff numbers are below the standard numbers. The standard is that each outpost is The total number of staff both junior and senior is 50. On average, each outpost is manned by a minimum number of 6 rangers while at headquarters or sector outpost; 12 rangers. manned by at least 2 rangers while at headquarters there are at least 20 junior In addition, there is inadequate senior staff numbers to implement management programs. The and senior staff altogether. Considering the existing management challenges which reserve lacks Wardens for Ecological Monitoring and Tourism while Community Conservation also require establishment of additional outposts proposed in this plan, the staff Rangers are glossily inadequate. The table below analyses the staffing levels both current and numbers are below the standard numbers. The standard is that each outpost is proposed over the ten-year period of this plan. manned by a minimum number of 6 rangers while at headquarters or sector outpost; 12 rangers. In addition, there is inadequate senior staff numbers to implement management programs. The reserve lacks Wardens for Ecological Monitoring and Tourism while Community Conservation Rangers are glossily TSWRina GMPdeq 2020/21uate. - 2029/30The t able below analyses the staffing levels both current and57 proposed over the ten-year period of this plan.

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Table 4: ShowTableing c u4:rr e Showingnt and pr currentoposed andstaf fproposed numbers staff numbers

Category Optimum staff number Existing numbers Staff gap

1 1 0 Warden in charge WCC 1 1 0

WLE 1 1 0

WA 1 1 0

WEM 1 0 1

1 0 1 WT Accounts clerk 4 3 1

Head Ranger 1 1 0

Driver 2 1 1

Head guide 1 0 1

1 1 0 Administrative clerk EM Rangers 2 1 1

LE Rangers 60 32 28

Wildlife Intelligence staff 3 2 1

CC-rangers 17 2 15

6 4 2 Tourism guides Porters 3 1 2

Canteen supervisor 1 0 1

Canteen cooks 2 0 2

Canteen waitress 2 0 2

1 0 1 Room attendant Total 112 52 60

Staff exchangeStaff exc visitshange visits ConservationConse rvchallengesation chal areleng diversees are d andiver scomparablee and comp toar asimilarble to PAssimi linar thePA scountry in the candoun beyond.try These challengesand beyon included. The problemse challe animalnges i nmanagement,clude proble mspread anim ofal exoticsmanage andme ninvasivet, sprea speciesd of of plants, poaching,exotics a nmanagementd invasive sp ofec impactsies of p lfromants, developments poaching, ma amongnageme others.nt of i mThepa cPAts stafffrom have not beende exposedvelopmen tots gainamo managementng others. T experienceshe PA staff andha vbeste n opracticest been einxp termsosed ofto howgai nthese challengesman areage beingment managedexperienc ines other and b PAsest inpr Uganda.actices i n terms of how these challenges are being managed in other PAs in Uganda. Management actions During implementationManagement act ofio thisns plan, management will address the challenges mentioned. In order to fill theDur identifieding impl estaffmen tgapsation ino thef th tableis pl aabove,n, ma nstaffagem willent bew irecruitedll addres sin taccordancehe challen gwithes HR recruitmentment plan.ioned Two. In ocommunityrder to fill conservationthe identifie drangers staff g apfors eachin th eoutpost table a locatedbove, s tataff the wi boundaryll be of the reserverecruit eshalld in beac deliberatelycordance wi recruitedth HR rec andruit deployedment plan at. thoseTwo c peripheralommunity outposts.conservat Trainingion needs assessmentrangers for willea cbeh conductedoutpost lo soca tthated abotht th thee b newlyounda recruitedry of th eand re existingserve s hstaffall bbenefite from capacity development program. Refresher training will be conducted in data collection and analysis, financial management, tourism management, vehicle maintenance, field craft and research and monitoring techniques among others. Other specialized training will be conducted to address emerging challenges such as climate change and its impacts, management of oil and gas impacts, use of new technologies in conservation among others. TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 58 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3

deliberately recruited and deployed at those peripheral outposts. Training needs assessment will be conducted so that both the newly recruited and existing staff benefit from capacity development program. Refresher training will be conducted in data collection and analysis, financial management, tourism management, vehicle maintenance, field craft and research and monitoring techniques among others. Other specialized training will be conducted to address emerging challenges such as climate change and its impacts, management of oil and gas impacts, use of new technologies in conservation among others.

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 To motivate staff and build a coherent team so as to increase staff productivity, Tot eamotivatem bu istafflding and se buildssion as coherentsuch a teams ga msoe ass, tore increasetreats, staffetc. productivity, will be teamcond ubuildingcted. sessionsPerform suchance as games,rewar retreats,d schem etc.es will sp beec conducted.ifically f oPerformancer TSWR w rewardill be schemes identi fspecificallyied and forim TSWRplem willent beed identified. and implemented.

Detailed management actions Detailed management actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Recruit staff in their relevant departments WIC CW, HRU YR1-10 2 Conduct staff capacity needs assessment WIC CW, HRU YR1-10 3 Conduct staff training WIC CW, HRU YR1-10 4 Carry out study tours to other Protected Areas WIC CW YR2,5,7,9 5 Organize staff team building functions WIC CW YR 1-10 6 Set up and implement an internal staff reward system WIC CW YR1-10

Output 2: Adequate, appropriate and functional infrastructure including equipment and vehicles in Oplaceutput 2: Adequate, appropriate and functional infrastructure including equipment and vehicles in place Inadequate equipment for operations TSWRInad doesequa notte haveequipm adequateent fo equipmentr operatio andns transport facilities to effectively carry out planned programs.TSWR d oAte spresent, not h atheve Reserveadequa haste eonequ ivehiclepment andan dthree tra nmotorsport cycles,facili twhichies to are e ffnotec enoughtively toca serverry theout entireplann Reserve.ed progr Ina addition,ms. At thereprese isn tlimited, the fieldRese gearrve andhas communicationone vehicle a equipment.nd three Therefore,motor c yadditionalcles, wh iequipmentch are not is e requirednough to to s facilitateerve the the en tmanagementire Reserve .and In aexecutionddition, ofth efieldre activities,is limi timproveed fie lfinanciald gear management,and comm ueasenica tinternalion eq anduip mexternalent. T communication,herefore, add facilitateitional administration,equipment conservationis required educationto facil iactivitiestate th eamong man others.ageme Thent atablend belowexecu providestion of af listiel dof theac requiredtivities, equipment. improve financial management, ease internal and external communication, facilitate administration, conservation education activities among others. The table below provides a list of the required equipment.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 59 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL AMANGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/3 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Table 5:Table Shows 5: a Showslist of acu listrre ofnt current and op andtim aoptimall equip equipmentment requ irequiredred at T WatSR TWSR

Optimum Current Required Equipment number number number Vehicles 02 01 01 Motorcycles (LE outposts, Intelligence staff, 10 03 07 H/ranger, 4CCRs) Patrol motor boat 01 0 01 Hand held radios 20 0 20 Base radios 06 0 06 HF radio 01 0 01 Repeater system 01 0 01 Stand by generator (Ntoroko & Karugutu) 02 01 01 Solar system (all outposts) 05 02 03 Tents 60 02 58 Sleeping bags 60 0 60 Automated weather stations 06 0 06 Video set (for conservation education) 01 0 01 Water bottles 60 15 45 Digital Cameras 03 0 03 Computers 04 03 01 Laptops 05 2 03 Camcorder 01 0 01 Printers 03 2 01 Pistols 06 0 06 Assorted guide books 12 06 06 Telescope ( Kijura and Igogonya) 02 0 02 GPS 13 02 11 Smart phones 15 09 06 Torches 60 0 60 Life jackets 08 04 04 Gum boots 98 50 48 Bullet proof jackets and Helmets 89 0 89 Bicycles (for outposts) 12 01 11 Back packs 60 35 25 Range finder 02 0 02 Lawn mower 02 01 01 First aid kit box 06 0 06 Voice recorders 09 01 08 Binoculars 15 02 13 Office desks 09 01 08 Office chairs 09 01 08 Filing cabinets 08 02 06 Cupboards 06 03 03 Conference tables 02 0 02 Conference chairs 30 0 30 Drones 1 0 1 SMART related equipment

NoteNo thatte th equipmentat equipm needsent n willeed bes w evaluatedill be ev aandlua updatedted and fromupda timeted frtoo timem ti mande toprocured time a asnd need arises.pro cured as need arises. Inadequate staff accommodation TSWRInad lacksequ aadequatete staff astaffcco mmaccommodationodation and the existing ones are not to standard. A standard outpostTSWR is expectedlacks ad etoq uincludeate st staffaff a houses,ccomm oKitchen,dation Waterand tharvestinghe existin tanks,g one Toilet/Latrine,s are not to Solar panels,stan anddard Office. A st shelterandard amongoutpos others.t is exp ected to include staff houses, Kitchen, Water harvesting tanks, Toilet/Latrine, Solar panels, and Office shelter among others. All existing ranger outposts are constructed with mud and wattle while others are unipots except at the reserve headquarters in Karugutu. These outposts are Makondo, Semliki Safari Lodge outpost (SSL), Igogonya, Kachwankumu, Bugando, Kanywataba, Muzizi, Mugiri, Ntoroko and Kijura.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 60 –

All existing ranger outposts are constructed with mud and wattle while others are unipots except at the reserve headquarters in Karugutu. These outposts are Makondo, Semliki Safari Lodge outpost (SSL), Igogonya, Kachwankumu, Bugando, TORO-SEMLIKIKanywataba, WILDLIFE Muzizi, RESERVE Mugiri GENERAL, Ntoroko MANAGEMENT and PLAN Kijura. 2020/21 – 2029/30

Table 6: Showing theTable status 6: of Showing Ranger theposts status of Ranger posts

Outpost Importance of the outpost Status Proposed improvement Kanywataba To curb down illegal activities  Temporary outpost The outpost is proposed to remain especially from the areas of  Mud and wattle structure temporary with uniports which escarpment.  Four rooms are transferable and other accommodating two staff essential transferable facilities.  No kitchen. Bugando This outpost is constructed to curb  Temporary outpost The outpost is proposed to remain down illegal activities including  Mud and wattle structure temporary with uniports which grazing especially from cattle  Four rooms are transferable and other keepers from Bugando village. accommodating two staff essential transferable facilities.  No kitchen. Kacwankumu This outpost is constructed to curb  Temporary outpost The outpost is proposed to remain down illegal activities including  Mud and wattle structure temporary with uniports which grazing especially from the areas of  Four rooms are transferable and other Misale, Wango, Wasa and accommodating two staff essential transferable facilities. Nyamabale.  No kitchen. Muzizi This outpost is constructed to curb  Temporary outpost The outpost is proposed to remain down illegal activities especially  Mud and wattle structure temporary with uniports which from the areas of escarpment and  Four rooms are transferable and other district. accommodating two staff essential transferable facilities.  No kitchen. Igogonya This outpost is constructed to curb  Temporary outpost The outpost is proposed to remain down illegal activities at the  Mud and wattle structure temporary with uniports which escarpment as well as monitoring  Four rooms are transferable and other encroachment along the PA accommodating two staff essential transferable facilities. boundary.  No kitchen. Makondo This outpost is constructed to curb Currently the outpost is The outpost is proposed to be a down illegal activities especially temporary in form of two old permanent outpost from the areas of Makondo village uniports and one mud and accommodating 6 staff and of Rwebisengo. wattle hut structures which constructed according to UWA accommodate three staffs, the standards. outpost does not have kitchen. Ntoroko This outpost was constructed to Currently the outpost is The outpost is proposed to be sector hdq curb down illegal activities and temporary with three unipots permanent and shall serve as a conduct tourism activities and three mud and wattle hut sector headquarter especially marine and game drives. structures which accommodate accommodating 12 staff and six staffs. constructed according to UWA The outpost does not have standards. Also, a house for the kitchen. tourism warden and Office shall be constructed. All this shall be done at Kigungu about 2km from the current outpost and near the proposed jetty site. SSL The outpost is constructed Currently the outpost is The outpost is proposed to be purposely for tourism activities temporary in form of two old permanent accommodating 6 staff especially nature/ primate walks, uniports and one mud and and constructed according to UWA birding and game drives. wattle hut structures which standards. A six-unit block is accommodate six staffs. proposed for construction. It is The outpost does not have also proposed to change the name kitchen. from SSL to Wasa outpost. The outpost shall be relocated towards Karugutu-Kanara junction. Kijura This outpost is constructed to curb Currently the outpost is The outpost is proposed to be down illegal activities, control temporary in form of two old permanent accommodating 6 staff encroachment at the escarpment uniports and one mud and and– constructed according to UWA and conduct tourism activities wattle hut structures which standards. A six-unit block is especially hiking, and scenic accommodate six staffs. proposed for construction. It is viewing. The outpost does not have also proposed to construct 8 Outpost Importance of the outpost Statuskitchen. Proposedaccommodation improvement unit block, Information centre, Canteen and office for the clerk. Masongora New outpost will be constructed at Currently, the outpost does not The outpost shall be permanent (proposed Masongora to reinforce the existing exist. accommodating 6 staff within a new outpost) permanent out post of Kijura and six-unit block constructed in other temporary outpost of accordance with UWA standards. Igogonya to control poaching and encroachment along the escarpment.

Karugutu Reserve headquarters Currently, there are 5 senior It is proposed that this Reserve staff houses, 20 rooms for headquarter shall also serve as a headquarters junior staff, office block, sector. It is also proposed to Nature centre and a Camp site. construct additional 10 rooms for There also exist a security gate junior staff to carter for the and curio shop for communities increased junior staffing proposed for the sector.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 61

Figure 21: Map showing current ranger outposts

Detailed management actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Karugutu Construct one office block with three rooms (WCC, WIC CW, DDFO, PM Yr 4 WA, WRM) Construct a four-roomed store (food, exhibits, fuel WIC CW Yr 2 and office for an attendant) Construct Education Centre WCC WIC, WT Yr 6 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 21: Map showing current ranger outposts TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 62 –

Outpost Importance of the outpost Status Proposed improvement Information centre, Canteen and office for the clerk. Masongora New outpost will be constructed at Currently, the outpost does not The outpost shall be permanent (proposed Masongora to reinforce the existing exist. accommodating 6 staff within a new outpost) permanent out post of Kijura and six-unit block constructed in other temporary outpost of accordance with UWA standards. Igogonya to control poaching and encroachment along the escarpment.

Karugutu Reserve headquarters Currently, there are 5 senior It is proposed that this Reserve staff houses, 20 rooms for headquarter shall also serve as a headquarters junior staff, office block, sector. It is also proposed to Nature centre and a Camp site. construct additional 10 rooms for There also exist a security gate junior staff to carter for the and curio shop for communities increased junior staffing proposed for the sector.

TORO-SEMLIKIFigure WILDLIFE 21: Map RESERVE showing GENERAL current MANAGEMENT ranger PLANoutposts 2020/21 – 2029/30

DetailedDetailed management management actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Karugutu Construct one office block with three rooms (WCC, WIC CW, DDFO, PM Yr 4 WA, WRM) – Construct a four-roomed store (food, exhibits, fuel WIC CW Yr 2 and office for an attendant) ConstructActivities Education Centre WCCResp. WIC,Others WT YrTime 6 Re-locate the existing access to Karugutu office and WIC CW Yr 4 the gate away from the existing public access road 2 Gates  Construct one gate at the point where the WIC CW, WT Yr. 3 -5 new tarmac roads diverts from the current marrum road towards reserve boundary  Construct one gate at the point where the new tarmac road meets the old marrum road towards Kanara t/c  Construct one gate at SSL from the airstrip and outpost Construct a Hangar and a flush toilet at the air strip WIC WT Yr 4 Construct a 6-unit accommodation block and WIC CW, PM, DDFO Yr. 4, attendant facilities at the existing outposts at 5, 6, & Ntoroko, Makondo, and Kijura including Kanywataba 8 Procure 30 Unipots for temporary outposts at WIC CW, PM, DDFO Yr. 1,2 Bugando, Kacwankumu, Igogonya, and Muzizi 3, 4, 5 Construct a 6 Unit block each at the new proposed WIC CW, PM, DDFO Yr. 4 outposts (Masongora and Harugongo) and 7 3 Ntoroko sector headquarter Construct a Jetty at Ntoroko WIC WT, CW Yr 3 Construct accommodation and office for tourism WIC CW, PM, DDFO Yr. 5 warden at Ntoroko 4 Equipment Procure 3 vehicles WIC CW, PM, MES, Yr 3, DDFO 7,10 Procure 13 motorcycles for outposts WIC CW, PM, MES, Yr 1, 5, DDFO 7 Procure computers; furniture and other assorted WIC CW, HICT, DDFO Yr 1-10 field equipment as shown above 5 Roads Maintain existing roads, tracks and trails WIC CW Yr 1-10 4.1.4 Community conservation program The Community Conservation program addresses issues that affect the relationship between the neighboring communities and the PA management. The major issues under this program 4.1.4 Community conservation program revolve around community-park relations, human-wildlife conflicts, the various benefits that The Community Conservation program addresses issues that affect the relationship communitiesbetween get the from neighboring the PA, and communities revenue sharing and themechanisms. PA management. A number The of majorissues issues were raised during consultationsunder this program and this planrevolve tries aroundas much community as possible-park to address relations, all the human issues-wildlife raised. Some of majorconflicts, issues include; the various benefits that communities get from the PA, and revenue I. Inadequatesharing mechanisms. alternative A livelihoodnumber of projects issues werefor local raised communities during consultations and this II. Inadequateplan tries as implementation much as possible of to Environmental address all the Ordinances issues raised. by the Some District of major leadership issues III. Inadequateinclude; community sensitization and awareness IV. InadequateI. Inadequate involvement alternati of vecommunities livelihood projects in conservation for local e.g. communities planning for revenue sharing, II. Inadequate implementation of Environmental Ordinances by the District problemleadership animal management, access, etc. V. ConflictIII. Inadequate between the community PA management sensitization staff and and awareness communities VI. CropIV. raidingInadequate involvement of communities in conservation e.g. planning for VII. Povertyrevenue sharing, problem animal management, access, etc. V. Conflict between the PA management staff and communities ProgramVI. objective:Crop raiding To minimize conservation conflicts while enhancing wildlife appreciation and benefitsVII. Poverty

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 63 –

Program objective: To minimize conservation conflicts while enhancing wildlife appreciation and benefits

Output 1: Community livelihoods supported by benefits derived from wildlife conservation

Communities around TSWR are mainly involved in fishing, cattle keeping and farming. Fishing takes place in Kanara Town Council and Kanara Subcounty, cattle TORO-SEMLIKI keepingWILDLIFE RESERVE takes place GENERAL in MANAGEMENTRwebisengo, PLAN Bweramure 2020/21 – 2029/30 and Butungama subcounties while Output 1: Communityfarming is livelihoodsmainly in Karugutu, supported Kabende, by benefits Hakibale derived and from Harugongo wildlife conservation. subcounties and Kijura Town Council. These activities are carried out for both subsistence and Communitiesincome around generation. TSWR are mainly involved in fishing, cattle keeping and farming. Fishing takes place in Kanara Town Council and Kanara Subcounty, cattle keeping takes place in Rwebisengo, BweramureFor and cattle Butungama keeping subcounties especially while in Rwebisengo, farming is mainly there inis Karugutu, a shortage Kabende, of land Hakibale and watering places, which puts pressure on the reserve for grazing land and water and Harugongo subcounties and Kijura Town Council. These activities are carried out for both especially during the dry season. subsistence and income generation. For cattle keepingThe fishing especially communit in Rwebisengo,ies are currently there isfacing a shortage a challenge of land of and low watering stocks in places, the L akewhich mainly due to influx of fishermen in the area hence encroaching on the fish puts pressure on the reserve for grazing land and water especially during the dry season. breeding areas. The fishing communities are currently facing a challenge of low stocks in the Lake mainly due to influx of fishermenThe Wildlife in the Act area Cap hence 200 ofencroaching 2000 provides on the th atfish 20% breeding of entrance areas. fees to the reserve be shared with the neighbouring local governments. Although TSWR has not The Wildlifegenerated Act Cap 200 a oflot 2000 of revenue provides mainly that 20% due of to entrance absence fees of tothe the gate, reserve there be areshared some with the neighbouringfunds thatlocal have governments. been generated Although over TSWR the last has 10 not years generated that have a lot been of revenue shared withmainly due to absencethe neighbouringof the gate, there district are local some governments funds that have as highlighted been generated in the overtable the below. last 10 years that have been shared with the neighbouring district local governments as highlighted in the table below. Table 7: Revenue shared with TSWR neighbouring districts local governments from Table 7: Revenue2005 - 2016 shared with TSWR neighbouring districts local governments from 2005 - 2016

Year District Amount 2005 Bundibugyo 4,739,500 Kabarole 1,500,000 2009 Bundibugyo 13,989,500 2012 Ntoroko 26,555,000 Kabarole 6,500,000 2016 Kabarole 14,994,000 Ntoroko 20,795,250 Totals 89,073,250 (Source: UWA records) (Source: UWA records) Note: Note: Since 2016, no revenue sharing has been done except the little available Since 2016, fundsno revenue on the sharing account has hasbeen been done declared except the every little yearavailable until funds the districtson the account express has been declaredinterest every to year share until the the funds. districts express interest to share the funds.

Figure 22: Graph showing Revenue sharing trends from 2005 to 2016

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 64 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 The table above shows that revenue sharing has been increasing over the years though at a lower rate compared to other PAs especially the National Parks. This implies that once the entrance gate that has been proposed is put in place and marketing of the reserve improves to attract more visitors, the revenue sharing will correspondingly improve. The current Revenue Sharing Guidelines provide that project proposals are submitted to Local governments which are vetted for funding before they are incorporated in the development plans of the sub-counties and districts. Although this has been happening, the procurement process still has challenges of delays. In addition, the guidelines are not effectively used by Local governments.

Apart from revenue sharing, there are other benefits that communities access from the Reserve. These resources include firewood, poles, grass, among others. TSWR signs resource access MoUs with communities to access these resources from the Reserve. These MoUs have been signed with a number of sub-counties including Kanara and Karugutu for grass, and firewood. Although currently there is limited demand for resources, it is expected to increase as the population around the Reserve grows. This is likely to put more pressure on the Reserve.

Communities have also been involved in boundary management where they are allowed to plant and manage the trees as they intercrop with Beans, Irish Potatoes and Onions. When the trees reach a certain stage, then communities stop growing crops and only tend the trees. When trees mature the outer line is utilised by the communities (owner) while the inner line remains and serves as the boundary live marker. This is being implemented no various sections along the Kijura escarpment.

Management actions UWA will work with other partners such as Local Governments, NGOs to identify possible livelihood projects e.g. beekeeping, improved varieties of seeds (Irish potatoes, Onions), poultry, and tree planting. Communities will be trained in proposal writing to generate project proposals that can attract funding. In addition, training will be carried out in record keeping and financial management.

UWA will work with Local governments to sensitise communities on intensive agriculture such as keeping few but high breed domestic animals. In addition, UWA will lobby Government to construct dams within Rwebisengo areas to provide water to domestic animals in order to reduce pressure on the reserve.

Communities will be sensitised to start community based tourism such as Campsites and hotels, hand craft making and music, dance and drama in order to supplement their income. UWA will support these communities in terms of capacity building, marketing their products and linking them to funding agencies.

TSWR management will carry out resource inventory to determine the abundance and distribution of resources demanded by the communities within the resource use zone. Data on quantities being harvested will be generated to ascertain the resources taken out so as to ensure sustainability of resource utilisation. An economic value will be attached to all resources accessed, which will show how much the communities benefit from the Reserve in addition to revenue sharing. The existing MoUs will be reviewed to incorporate changes and modifications and the new ones will be negotiated, signed and implemented. UWA will work with Local Governments to sensitise the communities and implement the Revenue Sharing Guidelines.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 65 –

potatoes, Onions), poultry, and tree planting. Communities will be trained in proposal writing to generate project proposals that can attract funding. In addition, training will be carried out in record keeping and financial management.

UWA will work with Local governments to sensitise communities on intensive agriculture such as keeping few but high breed domestic animals. In addition, UWA will lobby Government to construct dams within Rwebisengo areas to provide water to domestic animals in order to reduce pressure on the reserve.

Communities will be sensitised to start community based tourism such as Campsites and hotels, hand craft making and music, dance and drama in order to supplement their income. UWA will support these communities in terms of capacity building, marketing their products and linking them to funding agencies.

TSWR management will carry out resource inventory to determine the abundance and distribution of resources demanded by the communities within the resource use zone. Data on quantities being harvested will be generated to ascertain the resources taken out so as to ensure sustainability of resource utilisation. An economic value will be attached to all resources accessed, which will show how much the communities benefit from the Reserve in addition to revenue sharing. The existing MoUs will be reviewed to incorporate changes and modifications and the new ones will be negotiated, signed and implemented. UWA will work with Local Governments to sensitise the communities and implement the Revenue TORO-SEMLIKISharing Guidelines WILDLIFE RESERVE. GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

DetailedDetailed management management actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time 1 Build capacity of community groups in proposal writing, WCC WIC, Yr 1-10 record keeping, financial management, etc. CDOs 2 Sensitize communities to start community-based WCC WT, WIC Yr 1-10 tourism. 3 Support community initiatives that relate to WCC WIC, CW Yr 1-10 conservation 4 Carry out resource inventories for resources demanded WEM WCC Yr 1-10 by the communities (resource mapping) 5 Negotiate and sign MoUs for resource access WCC WIC, CW Yr 1-10 6 Generate economic values of resources accessed from WCC WIC Yr 1; and the Reserve and disseminate annually the economic Yr 2-10 values obtained 7 Implement Revenue Sharing Guidelines WCC WIC Yr 1-10

Output 2: OutputHuman-wildlife 2: Human conflicts-wildlife mitigated conflicts mitigated

TheThe main main source sourc of humane of human - conflict - conflict in TSWR isin the TSWR problem is the animals probl thatem strayanimals from that the Reservestray to fromthe surrounding the Reserve communities to the surrounding destroying people’scommunities crops anddestroying causing humanpeople’s injury. crops The and most affectedcausing areas human include injury. Kanara The Town most Council, affected Kabende areas sub incounty,clude KarugutuKanara Town CouncilCouncil, and KijuraKabende town council.sub county, The most Karugutu reported Town problem Counc animalsil and are Kijura Baboons, town Bush council. Pigs, Buffaloes The most and Lions.reported The Wildlife problem Act cap animals 200, does are not B provideaboons, for B compensationush Pigs, Buffaloes for these damages,and Lions which. The has furtherWildlife soured Act thecap relationship. 200, does not Although provide the for Act compensation provides for management for –th ese damage of vermins, bywhich Local Governments,has further thesoured districts the ofrelationship. Ntoroko and AlthoughKabarole havethe Actnot providesyet recruited for themanagement Vermin Guards. of Thisvermin affectinghas put by a Localstrainother onGreserveovernment the reserve programs.s ,management the Theredistricts are affecting of a Ntorokonumber other ofand reserve interventions Kabarole programs. have that There nothave yetare a numberrecruitedbeen of implementedinterventions the Vermin thatby G theuards. have reserve been This implementedas has a way put of a mitigating bystrain the reserveon thisthe problemasreserve a way butofmanagement mitigating some of this problemthem but have some not of been them effective. have not beenThe Mauritius effective. thornsThe Mauritius that were thorns proposed that were in the proposed last in the lastGMP GMP were were tried tried in Karugutuin Karugutu Sub Sub County County but but they they failed failed to to establish establish because because of of the the soil type.soil However, type. managementHowever, management has continued ha withs continuedsensitisation with and scaresensitisation shooting and to address scare the problem.shooting to address the problem.

TableTable 8: 8:Showing Showing reported reported problem problem animal animal incidences incidences in in areas areas surroundingsurrounding TSWRTSWR Bus h Baboo Hip Buffalo Crocodil Velvet Elephants Unkno Leopar Year pigs ns pos es Lions es monkey wn ds 2005 3 2006 1 1 1 2007 2 2 1 2009 2 2 1 1 1 2010 1 3 1 2011 2 9 1 1 2013 1 1 2015 2 3 4 1 2016 2 1 1 Total 9 20 1 10 8 1 1 1 1 1

The human-wildlifeThe human-wildlife conflicts conflicts have also have increased also due increased to increasing due humanto increasing population human around the reservepopulation and creating around more the administrative reserve and creatingentities. Themore maps administrative below demonstrate entities. the The fact maps that the highestbelow population demonstrate in the two the districts fact that is inthe sub-counties highest population surrounding in the reserve.two districts is in sub-counties surrounding the reserve.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 66

Figure 23: Maps showing population distribution in sub-counties surrounding the reserve (Source: UBOS 2017) TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 23: Maps showing population distribution in sub-counties surrounding the reserve (Source: UBOS 2017) Management actions UWA will continue lobbying Local Governments of Ntoroko and Kabarole to recruit vermin guards. When recruited, UWA will train them on vermin handling and animal behaviour. In addition, UWA will work with local leaders to select, train and equip community scouts to control problem animals. While working with communities, a number of problem animal management interventions will be implemented. These include live traps for baboons that are a big threat to the community, use of pepper for Elephant control and scare shooting. Communities will also be encouraged to come up with other interventions which they think can work in addition to the existing ones.

In order to stop the expansion of the town council into the reserve, regulations and guidelines will be developed which will deter encroachment into the Reserve while controlling activities to be carried out in the sanctuary.

UWA will also explore the possibility of electric fencing of the reserve to deter animals from moving out of the Reserve and cattle grazing inside the Reserve.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 67 –

Management actions ill continue loying ocal overnments o toroo and aarole to recruit vermin guards hen recruited ill train them on vermin handling and animal ehaviour n addition ill or ith local leaders to select train and euip community scouts to control prolem animals hile oring ith communities a numer o prolem animal management interventions ill e implemented hese include live traps or aoons that are a ig threat to the community use o pepper or lephant control and scare shooting ommunities ill also e encouraged to come up ith other interventions hich they thin can or in addition to the eisting ones

n order to stop the epansion o the ton council into the reserve regulations and guidelines ill e developed hich ill deter encroachment into the eserve hile controlling activities to e carried out in the sanctuary

ill also eplore the possiility o electric encing o the reserve to deter TORO-SEMLIKIanimals rom WILDLIFE moving RESERVE out GENERAL o the MANAGEMENT eserve PLAN and 2020/21 cattle – 2029/30graing inside the eserve

DetailedDetailed management management actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time oy to recruit vermin guards r rain vermin guards r oilie and train community scouts to control r prolem animals mplement prolem animal control interventions r eg auritius thorns live traps scare shooting pepper groing evelop and disseminate regulations and or r guidelines to control activities ithin anara sanctuary arry out easiility studies or encing and r implement electric encing around the eserve

Output 3: Understanding and appreciation of wildlife conservation around the Reserve enhanced. Output 3 nderstanding and appreciation o ildlie conservation around the UWAeserve works enhanced closely with communities in managing protected areas. TSWR management has been carrying out community sensitisation around the Reserve about conservation values and the importance ors ofclosely the Reserve. ith Sensitisation communities meetings in managing are held right protected from the villageareas level to the districtsmanagement targeting has the entireeen communitycarrying out and theircommunity leaders. Communitysensitisation leaders around have the taken eserve initiative toaout visit the conservation various parts ofva thelues Reserve. and thePA Managementimportance has o also the visited eserve their officesensitisation to explain themeetings importance are of held conservation. right rom PA the Management village level is always to the invited districts for targetingcouncil meetings the entire where theycommunity are given aand chance their to leaders talk about ommunity issues that affectleaders the have reserve. taen In addition,initiative the to local visit leaders the andvarious communities parts haveo th beene eserve involved in the anagement planning process has foralso the visited Reserve their including oices the GMPto andeplain sensitivity the atlas importance preparation. o conservation anagement is alays invited or council meetings here they are given a chance to tal aout issues that aect the Furthermore,reserve n schoolsaddition around the localthe reserve leade rshave and been communities visited for conservationhave een involv educationed in though the mostplanning of them process have not hador a thechance eserve to visit theincluding reserve. Despitethe all these and efforts, sensitivity some sectionsatlas ofpreparation the community still have negative attitude towards the reserve and conservation in general. There is need to intensify the sensitisation efforts using different approaches and methods. urthermore schools around the reserve have een visited or conservation Managementeducation thoughactions most o them have not had a chance to visit the reserve espite The reserve management will develop a conservation education strategy to guide the education program. This strategy will spell out the tools and methodology. PA Management will intensify sensitisation through; supporting communities and school groups to visit the Reserve, radio programs, music dance and drama, developing leaflets and posters. Exchange visits will be organised for the communities to visit other protected areas where successful community conservation initiatives have been implemented. PA Management will ensure that they attend council meetings and continue presenting issues that need support from district leaders. PA Management will continue to involve community leaders in the planning process for the Reserve and dissemination of the plans for them to participate in implementation. They will also be involved in evaluating the effectiveness of the plans and other interventions.

PA Management will work closely with NEMA in implementing the environmental laws and ordinances especially for the lakeshores, wetlands and riverbanks to ensure their protection.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 68 –

all these eorts some sections o the community still have negative attitude toards the reserve and conservation in general here is need to intensiy the sensitisation eorts using dierent approaches and methods

Management actions he reserve management ill develop a conservation education strategy to guide the education program his strategy ill spell out the tools and methodology anagement ill intensiy sensitisation through supporting communities and school groups to visit the eserve radio programs music dance and drama developing lealets and posters change visits ill e organised or the communities to visit other protected areas here successul community conservation initiatives have een implemented anagement ill ensure that they attend council meetings and continue presenting issues that need support rom district leaders anagement ill continue to involve community leaders in the planning process or the eserve and dissemination o the plans or them to participate in implementation hey ill also e involved in evaluating the eectiveness o the plans and other interventions

anagement ill or closely ith in implementing the environmental las and ordinances especially or the laeshores etlands and riverans to ensure their protection TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 DetailedDetailed management management actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time evelop and implement conservation education r strategy or the eserve anager aareness onduct sensitiation meetings r onduct radio programs r onduct school outreach programs drama r competitions essay riting competitions demonstrations art draings rganie in visits or communities and schools r evelop and distriute lealets on regulations r to dierent staeholders around the eserve ttend council and other meetings r rganie visits or political leaders r norce eisting environmental las and r ordinances lae shores river ans and etlands 4.1.5 Tourism development & financial sustainability program The Tourism Development4.1.5 Tourism program development highlights the major & financial actions through sustainability which the program protected area will improve revenue generation. There are already measures in place to increase the revenue but thesehe ourism need to evelopmentbe strengthened. program A number highlights of new proposalsthe maor have actions been through proposed hich to improve the tourismprotected in the area.area However, ill improve these revenueproposals generation have been includedhere are taking already into consideration measures in the place to increase the revenue ut these need to e strengthened numer o ne limits of acceptable use. Proposals to promote community based tourism are also included in this proposals have een proposed to improve tourism in the area oever these program. proposals have een included taing into consideration the limits o acceptale Programuse objective:roposals Toto increase promote the community number of tourists ased visitingtourism TSWR are andalso ensure included visitor in this satisfactionprogram Output 1: Identified tourism infrastructure and facilities in the GMP developed and maintained The reserve is located between two forested parks: Kibale and Semuliki National Parks. It is bordered to the west by Rwenzori Mountains National Park. Signage along major highways (Kampala – Kasese, Fort Portal – Bundibugyo) or tourism circuits in the region to direct visitors to the Reserve is inadequate. The existing signs outside the Reserve is found in Karugutu and Kanyansi near the Reserve. Inside the Reserve, limited signs are found along game drive tracks such as Muzei, Elephant and Sunset. In addition, there are several unique tourist attractions in the Reserve that are not easily accessed due to inadequate signage directing visitors to these sites. Often times, most of these areas are not visited by tourists. The attractions among others include scenic flat grassland area commonly known as Kaplate, Muzizi water falls on the escarpment, Kijura view point on the escarpment, Jogogo swamps and animal congregation points. The reserve is located on the floor of the rift valley with mostly fragile soils. These soils are easily degraded and vulnerable to visitor impacts and vagaries of weather. The existing Campsites, game drive tracks, trail network, bridges, and board walks are in a rather poor condition to support tourism activities to offer quality experience for visitors’ satisfaction. The infrastructure such as game viewing tracks and trails for up close interaction with nature are inadequate to allow optimum access to tourist attractions or sites.

The existing Kijura viewpoint which offers a panoramic view of the reserve landscape has limited visitor facilities such as visitor information centre and a restaurant to offer services. Accommodation in the Reserve is limited to two concession lodges: Semliki Safari Lodge (SSL) and Ntoroko Game Lodge (NGL), which are high-end. Surrounding areas of the Reserve such as Bugando, lack suitable (mid-range or budget) accommodation for tourists.UWA managed canteen and accommodation facilities in Ntoroko are situated close to Ntoroko Game Lodge that is being

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 69 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 affected by soil erosion from the banks of Lake Albert. NGL is in the process of shifting tents affected by Lake Bank erosion which is likely to affect UWA managed facilities. These facilities need to be separated and managed to serve both the budget and high-end clientele.

Figure 24: Map showing existing and proposed infrastructure TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 70 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Management actions To encourage visitation to the reserve and tourism sites, an assessment of areas where signs are required and the various types will be undertaken. Branded signage of the reserve bearing UWA logo and corporate colours will be installed along tourism circuits in the region and within the reserve to captivate visitors to the reserve. Directional signs will be installed in areas outside the reserve indicating direction and distance to the reserve. The road junctions will be of particular interest. Signs in the reserve will focus on information, interpretive and directional signs. Directional signs will be installed on junctions to areas of tourist interest. Information signs will be installed at locations of visitor facilities. These will focus on name and location of the facility, information on services offered as well as regulations or guidelines regarding visitor activity. Interpretive signs will be installed in areas where there are features of tourist interest. These signs will provide detailed information on such features. The existing signage in the reserve will also be improved to standardize the signs.Tourism infrastructure such as the Karugutu campsite and attendant facilities such – as flush toilets, showers and shed will be improved. Wasa trail will be upgraded by constructing hanging bridges and board walks alongestalished the trail, to creating access loops tourism to customize sites in thenature eserve walks tosuch meet as differentogoogo tastes – aplate of the –visitors as well asanyataa redesigning game Mugiri drive trail systemtrac anyataato optimize chimp-viewing uii iver opportunities. trac and nature A hiking al trail up to the escarpmenttrail rom shall uii be developed.outpost to Moreuii infrastructure alls will be established to access tourism sites in the Reserve such as Jogojogo – Kaplate – Kanywataba game drive track, Kanywataba - Muzizi River track andisitor nature acilities walk trail such from as Muzizi inormation outpost centreto Muzizi restaurant falls. Visitor and facilities ampsites such asill information e centre, developedrestaurant inand iura Campsites to provide will be visitor developed services in Kijura suitale to provide site hasvisitor een services. identiied A suitable at unama in ugando to concession out or estalishment o a midrange site hasacc beenommoda identifiedtion ator Kunama visitors into Bugando the reserve to concession and more outgame for drive establishment tracs and of nature a mid-range accommodational trails for ill visitors e developed to the reserve, to ease and access more togame the drivene touristtracks andsites nature walk trails will be developed to ease access to the new tourist sites. DetailedDetailed management management actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time mprove arugutu amp site lush toilets r shoers shed oncessionaires pgrade asa trail hanging ridge oard als r create loops concessionaires edesign ugiri trail system r oncessionaires evelop ugiri ogoogo – aplateanyataa r game drive trac oncessionaires evelop ush amping at aplate r oncessionaires evelop game drive trac rom anyataa to r iver uii oncessionaires evelop uii trail rom uii outpost to the r alls oncessionaires onstruct inormation visitor center and r restaurant at iura vie point concessionaires stalish amp site at iura vie point r concessionaires oncession out a ed udget accommodation r acility around unama near ugando anger outpost nstall and improve eisting signage ithin and r outside the eserve evelop a hiing trail rom the lo land areas up r to the escarpment Output 2: New Tourism products developed The reserve currently has limited tourist products despite having several tourist attractions. The reserve offers game viewing experience, nature walk, bird Output 2: e ourism products developed watching and limited boat rides. These products do not give the reserve a competitive edge to attract many visitors.he reserve The reserve currently does has not limited therefore tourist generate products adequate despite funds having to support several conservation tourist of wildlife attractionsresources therein he andreserve its operations oers game thus presentingvieing eperiencea funding gap. nature al ird TSWR GMPatching 2020/21 - 2029/30and limited oat rides hese products do not give the reserve a 71 competitive edge to attract many visitors he reserve does not thereore generate adeuate unds to support conservation o ildlie resources therein and its operations thus presenting a unding gap TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 TableTable 9: TSWR TSWR Revenue Revenue Summary Summary analysis analysis 2015/16 2015/16

Range Manual r Natur Cante Receipts Visitor Vehicle guide e Landin Acco- Researc Campi en Primate Resourc Boat (Gross) VAT R/SHARE Entry Entry fees Walk g fees Bandas h fees ng fees sales Fines Walk e use Cruise Month (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 6,851 864 723 2,751 142 155 25 320 421 30 85 840 156 339 July '15 - Aug 9,087 1,254 1,045 3,564 618 343 175 271 440 120 305 613 339 Sept 5,624 680 584 2,200 136 530 261 420 203 330 280 October 3,991 473 226 782 122 63 495 260 625 127 630 188 November 1,986 271 185 637 102 60 68 60 183 150 271 December 8,854 1,174 856 3,201 224 172 298 237 360 800 1,192 339 January - 4,694 465 367 1,339 129 17 189 203 500 339 1,145 '2016 February 5,537 697 609 2,194 244 59 238 102 360 85 610 339 March 2,457 139 58 193 41 57 255 60 169 1,485 April 1,484 180 183 691 41 40 85 265 May 1,043 83 43 140 34 56 17 30 470 169 June 4,748 663 611 2,286 156 57 68 119 350 388 50 Total 56,355 6,942 5,491 19,977 1,987 1,039 2,206 1,210 2,956 1,047 180 1,276 7,380 3,088 1,575 - TableTable 10:10: TSWR TSWR Revenue Revenue Summary Summary Analysis analysis 2016/17 2016/17

Manual Ranger Landi Cante Receipts Visitor Vehicle guide Nature ng Acco- Researc Campi en Primate Resourc Boat (Gross) VAT R/SHARE Entry Entry fees Walk fees Bandas h fees ng fees sales Fines Walk e use Cruise Month (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 9,973 1,412 1,272 4,734 353 332 347 203 373 45 670 231 July '16 - Aug 5,776 826 632 2,364 163 303 258 441 30 330 429 Sept 6,549 865 753 2,808 203 172 102 60 820 258 508 October 4,363 611 513 1,909 142 115 34 355 345 339 November 3,690 525 478 1,769 142 176 250 265 85 December 9,157 1,374 1,194 4,574 203 308 370 435 271 150 277 January 8,203 1,131 1,054 4,031 185 538 51 424 790 '2017 February 8,444 1,247 1,147 4,310 278 95 138 136 508 270 146 169 March 3,109 452 342 1,282 88 17 119 34 508 145 122 April 9,830 1,367 1,243 4,734 239 17 68 883 865 184 169 61 May 4,167 605 471 1,769 115 186 68 25 666 200 62 June 5,343 762 729 2,712 203 337 68 350 183

78,604 11,177 9,827 36,996 2,314 1,360 2,035 1,258 1,458 161 2,989 5,195 2,257 1,271 306 Total - TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 72 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Table 11: TSWR Revenue Summary Analysis 2017/18 Table 11: TSWR Revenue Summary analysis 2017/18

() (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 11,184 1,656 1,566 5,938 325 61 732 34 237 330 183 122 Aug 14,091 1,892 1,750 6,635 366 446 848 51 68 227 1,685 123 Sept 7,355 1,117 982 3,708 219 245 183 186 85 30 141 458 October 8,075 1,232 1,178 4,496 217 275 138 271 85 183 November 3,356 512 532 1,943 183 17 169 December 7,295 1,113 1,039 3,819 339 435 9 356 185 7,309 1,113 860 3,245 197 17 25 68 127 15 636 312 508 185 0 February 8,509 1,298 1,237 4,792 156 123 185 169 102 277 169 March 3,581 546 500 1,947 54 17 51 76 203 169 17 April 729 111 110 399 41 68 May 3,157 482 508 1,930 102 68 68 June 5,431 828 721 2,831 54 34 801 34 127 00 00 0 0 0 0 0

Table 12: TSWR Revenue Summary 0 analysis 2018/19 () (000’) (000’) E (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 7,007 1,069 847 3,178 210 134 68 153 823 395 132 Aug '18 9,024 1,376 1,300 4,917 285 1,034 17 94 Sept '18 7,788 1,150 949 3,552 244 128 209 254 51 17 930 304 October 3,957 604 581 2,201 122 128 25 102 195 '18 Novemb 2,580 393 356 1,322 102 407 er '18 Decemb 3,401 519 406 1,467 156 390 85 379 er '18 8,085 1,234 789 2,947 210 158 472 245 136 1,610 283 0 Februar 4,353 664 479 1,691 224 142 93 203 51 467 339 y '19 March 2,489 380 321 1,183 100 63 136 119 189 '19 April '19 5,122 781 407 1,433 194 286 481 254 339 946 May '19 4,594 701 676 2,398 305 255 68 191 June '19 4,542 693 616 2,343 122 64 383 136 186 00 0 0 0 0 0 0

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 73 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 25: Chart showing revenue totals from each revenue source for each year

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 74 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 26: Graph showing revenue total for three years (2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 75 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 In order to fill this funding gap and effectively manage the reserve, tourism products need to be diversified to enrich visitors’ experience and ensure satisfaction.

Figure 27: Map showing proposed route for water tourism Management actions In order to broaden the revenue base and generate sufficient revenue for conservation of wildlife resources and management of the Reserve, unique products that give the Reserve competitive edge and diversify visitor experience will be developed. These include tracking dry habitat and well-digging Chimpanzees, long distance water based excursions linking to other protected areas such as Kabwoya, Murchison Falls National Park, Ajai and East Madi. To complement this product, horse riding along the Kijura escarpment and ecotourism activities in the surrounding communities hinging on pockets of natural vegetation with wildlife shall be developed and supported. The wide product range will also lengthen stay of visitors in the Reserve and earn – more tourism income for the reserve.

DetailedDetailed management management actions actions Activities Resp. Others Time

Output 3:

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 – 76 –

Figure 28: Graph showing visitor numbers for the last six years TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Output 3: Tourist numbers increased by 10% per annum

Compared to other reserves such as Pian Upe, Bokora – Matheniko and Kabwoya Wildlife reserves among others, TSWR receives higher number of visitors on average 595 per annum. However, this number is still low considering the tourism potential the reserve has. A proportion of 16.5 % are students who are day visitors and spend on entrance and guiding services only. The Foreign Non – Resident, Foreign Resident and East African Citizen tourists spend one night in the Reserve to participate in limited activities offered by the Reserve. The few visitors coupled with limited activities and short length of stay generate inadequate funds for conservation of wildlife resources and management of the Reserve.

The visitation to the reserve from local, national, regional and international source markets needs to be increased annually by at least 10% through a number of strategies. This will help raise adequate funds for conservation of wildlife resources and management of the reserve.

Figure 28: Graph showing visitor numbers for the last six years (Source: UWA records)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 77 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Figure 29: Pie chart comparing tourist numbers with NPs over the last six years (Source: UWA records) Management actions In order to increase visitation to the Reserve by 5% annually, the reserve will be aggressively marketed locally, nationally, regionally and internationally through a number of strategies. These will include branding the Reserve and launching the brand, which will be popularised by the Reserve management on vehicles, uniforms and official correspondences.

The reserve will also be marketed by participating in relevant expositions such as trade shows and fairs and public events. In addition, signature products of the Reserve especially tracking the unique dry habitat well– digging Chimpanzees will be promoted. Furthermore, promotional tourism Campaigns through events such as celebrating the Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve Day will be conducted. More local promotions will be done on FM radios through sale of branded items or souvenirs among others. Another strategy to be used will be contribution of articles about the Reserve to the UWA website.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 78 – TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Detailed management actions

Activities Resp. Others Time

4.1.6 Governance & Corporate affairs program

The reserve management4.1.6 hasGovernance continued &to Corporate demonstrate affairs professionalism program in the way it undertakes its operations thus gaining public confidence from stakeholders some of whom have proposed for its upgrade to national park status. At the same time UWA believes in good governance as a process of decision making and a means by which decisions are implemented. This is then translated down to protected area management levels. Despite these achievements, currently the reserve has lost opportunities due to reserve status of the PA visa-vis National Park, inadequate information sharing between stakeholders, and inadequate funds for reserve operations among others. For effective program implementation and decision making in the reserve, staff cohesion and team work are key which are facilitated by good planning, funding and appropriate supervision.

Program objective: To enhance GMP implementation and decision making within the management of the Reserve Output 1: Annual operation plans to implement the GMP developed and implemented. Program objective: The Reserve General Management Plan is developed to guide management of the Reserve and is to be implemented through Annual Operations Plans (AOP) and development of specific proposals. There areOutput a number 1 of issues that were identified as barriers to GMP implementation such as inadequate funds for Reserve Operations based on annual disbursements from UWA headquarters.

Additionally, conflicts between the PA management staff and communities have also hindered implementation of certain planned activities. This arises in situations when staff are handling or dealing with illegal activities such as encroachment, poaching and grazing as alleged.

Management actions Staff shall hold regular meetings including but not limited to activity planning meetings, supervisory and performance review meetings. Other various meetings shall be held with the stakeholders as they may be necessary to ensure that all parties are regularly updated on what is happening in the Reserve. Resolutions from such meetings shall be timely shared with all staff and stakeholders. However, management shall always refer to the organisational standard operating procedures on appropriate information dissemination to staff and stakeholders. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) events shall be planned and implemented annually. This will

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 79 –

Management actions

TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 help to improve working relations with stakeholders and achieve positive conservation impact on the community surrounding the Reserve. Management shall lobby stakeholders to support such activities and also fundraise to support other PA activities. As a way of monitoring the GMP implementation, reports shall be written for information sharing and decision making and these will include the performance reports which are monthly, quarterly annually and any other reports that may be appropriate at a time.PA management shall conduct annual performance reviews during which issues shall be discussed and information attained used for making decisions on GMP implementation. To ensure effective implementation of GMP, management shall always or as may be required generate specific project proposals for special projects where funding gaps are envisaged during AOP approvals. Detailed management actions Activities Resp. Others Time

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 80 PART 5: COST ESTIMATES TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

PART 5: COSTThis sec ESTIMATEStion highlights the estimated expenditure for undertaking all the planned activities from the 1st year to the 10th year.

Unit Total Management cost yr 1 yr2 yr3 yr4 yr5 Yr6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR9 FY10 Proposed actions Inputs Qtty cost (Ugx program (Ugx (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 000’) 000’)

PROGRAM 1: RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

Output 1: Critical Work with NEMA DLG and other habitats for wildlife stakeholders to enforce the Wetlands, Allowances and Fuel 2 meeting well protected and River Banks and Lake Shores and Transport each year managed Management regulations 2,000 20,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Hired excavator and Construct and maintain water dams for facilitation to 8 dams wild animals inside the reserve operators 20,000 160,000 80,000 40,000 40,000

Consultation 1 plan meetings with stake developed Develop and implement a waste holders, Hired and management plan labour , allowances implement and equipment’s ed 2,660 26,600 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 Output 2: Negative impacts of Extractive Industries Carry out baseline studies before start Facilitations and 10 times and developments of activities Equipment’s minimized 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Monitor compliance to EIA conditions Allowances and Fuel 240 times of approval and Transport 4,800 48,000 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 Monitor long term impacts of Allowances and Fuel 20 times developments and Transport 200 4,000 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Allowances and Fuel Carry out environmental audits 10times and Transport 500 5,000 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

Allowances and Fuel Carry out project briefs for UWA and Transport and 10 times initiated projects training 2,000 20,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Participate in the review of EIS and Allowances , Fuel project briefs for externally initiated 10 times and Transport developments 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 7200 base Food ratio, fuel, patrols+130 Output 3: Illegal transport, 0 extended activities in the PA Carry out routine and targeted patrols allowances, patrol patrols,120 reduced gears, patrol 0 pairs of equipments gumboots+ others 30,000 300,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000

Allowances and fuel 240 spot Conduct spot checks plus transport checks 2,400 24,000 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400

Allowances and fuel Prosecute suspects 480 times plus transport 14,400 144,000 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400

Enhance the boundary marking by Labour, equipments, 70kms planting live markers from Munyege to seedlings planted Nyakatehe allowances. 4,000 28,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 8,000 8,000

Monitor and Maintain the reserve Labour, equipments, 70kmsboun boundary allowances. dary 16,800 168,000 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800 16,800

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 81 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Unit Total Management cost yr 1 yr2 yr3 yr4 yr5 Yr6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR9 FY10 Proposed actions Inputs Qtty cost (Ugx program (Ugx (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 000’) 000’)

Construct and maintain cattle kraals Equipment for impounded domestic animals inside 5kraals maintenance the reserve 6,000 60,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 Facilitation, labour 16km Implement the fire management plan fuel, transport and maintained equipments 12,800 128,000 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 Allowances, transport and data Gather intelligence information collection equipments 12,000 120,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

PROGRAM 2: Research and Ecological Monitoring

0 0 Output 1: Scientific and management oriented information Allowances and fuel, for wildlife Monitor and report disease outbreaks transport and 40 times management and dispose carcasses surgical materials generated and shared. 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

2 research Carry out research on Habitat changes, Consultancy/researc studies and Invasive species h fees done 20,000 40,000 20,000 20,000

Allowances, 2 Conduct species inventory (plants and transport, fuel and inventories animals) within the reserve equipments done 50,000 100,000 50,000 50,000

Allowances, Develop monitoring tools and monitor transport,fuel and the health and movement of the 120 times data collection shoebill equipments 1,500 15,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500

Allownces, Collect and analyze Ranger Based Data transport, fuel and 120 times SMART in the PA equipments 4,500 45,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 Research fee, Carryout research and liaise with allowances, stakeholders to promote research in 7times equipments, fuel the PA and transport 2,000 14,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Facilitation, labour Carryout periodic Census both aerial fuel, transport and 5 times and ground equipments 45,000 450,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000

Facilitation, labour Assess and carryout translocation of fuel, transport and 3 times locally extinct species of wildlife equipments 70,000 21,000 70,000 70,000 70,000

Output 2: Negative impacts of climate change and disasters minimized

Manage the invasive Dicrostachys Hired labour, cenerea in the areas of Nyamabale, allowances, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange and 600hactres 300,000 3,000,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 transport, fuel and Kachwankumu within the reserve to equipment open up wild animal grazing areas

Establish 6 automatic weather stations 6 weather (Kijura, Karugutu and Ntoroko, SSL, Purchase and 30,000 18,000 90,000 90,000 stations Makondo) for weather data collection

allowances, fuel, Analyze and disseminate weather Equipment and 120 times 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 information to stakeholders transport

PROGRAM 3 Capacity development program

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 82 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Unit Total Management cost yr 1 yr2 yr3 yr4 yr5 Yr6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR9 FY10 Proposed actions Inputs Qtty cost (Ugx program (Ugx (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 000’) 000’)

Construct and maintain cattle kraals Equipment for impounded domestic animals inside 5kraals maintenance the reserve 6,000 60,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 Facilitation, labour 16km Implement the fire management plan fuel, transport and maintained equipments 12,800 128,000 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 12,800 Allowances, transport and data Gather intelligence information collection equipments 12,000 120,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

PROGRAM 2: Research and Ecological Monitoring

0 0 Output 1: Scientific and management oriented information Allowances and fuel, for wildlife Monitor and report disease outbreaks transport and 40 times management and dispose carcasses surgical materials generated and shared. 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

2 research Carry out research on Habitat changes, Consultancy/researc studies and Invasive species h fees done 20,000 40,000 20,000 20,000

Allowances, 2 Conduct species inventory (plants and transport, fuel and inventories animals) within the reserve equipments done 50,000 100,000 50,000 50,000

Allowances, Develop monitoring tools and monitor transport,fuel and the health and movement of the 120 times data collection shoebill equipments 1,500 15,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500

Allownces, Collect and analyze Ranger Based Data transport, fuel and 120 times SMART in the PA equipments 4,500 45,000 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 Research fee, Carryout research and liaise with allowances, stakeholders to promote research in 7times equipments, fuel the PA and transport 2,000 14,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Facilitation, labour Carryout periodic Census both aerial fuel, transport and 5 times and ground equipments 45,000 450,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000

Facilitation, labour Assess and carryout translocation of fuel, transport and 3 times locally extinct species of wildlife equipments 70,000 21,000 70,000 70,000 70,000

Output 2: Negative impacts of climate change and disasters minimized

Manage the invasive Dicrostachys Hired labour, cenerea in the areas of Nyamabale, allowances, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange and 600hactres 300,000 3,000,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 transport, fuel and Kachwankumu within the reserve to equipment open up wild animal grazing areas

Establish 6 automatic weather stations 6 weather (Kijura, Karugutu and Ntoroko, SSL, Purchase and 30,000 18,000 90,000 90,000 stations Makondo) for weather data collection

allowances, fuel, Analyze and disseminate weather Equipment and 120 times 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 information to stakeholders transport

PROGRAM 3 Capacity development program TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 83 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Unit Total Management cost yr 1 yr2 yr3 yr4 yr5 Yr6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR9 FY10 Proposed actions Inputs Qtty cost (Ugx program (Ugx (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 000’) 000’)

Procure 3 vehicles funds 3 300,000 900,000 300,000 300,000 300,000

Procure 13 motorcycles for outposts Funds 13 18,000 234,000 78,000 78,000 78,000

Procure computers; furniture and other assorted field equipment (refer to funds 10 8,000 800,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000

table 5….)

Roads

Maintain existing roads, tracks and Funds 40,000 400,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 trails

PROGRAM 4: Community conservation

Output 1: Community Build capacity of community groups in livelihoods 1200 proposal writing, record keeping, FUNDS 2,000 20,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 supported from trainings financial management, etc. benefits of wildlife conservation Sensitize communities to start 250 Funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 community-based tourism. meetings 10 Support community initiatives that Community Funds and materials 800 8,000 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 relate to conservation Initiatives supported

Carry out resource inventories for 120 resources demanded by the Funds 600 6,000 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 Inventories communities (resource mapping)

Negotiate and sign MoUs for resource 20 MOUs Funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 access Signed

Generate economic values of resources 10 accessed from the reserve and Funds assessment 700 7,000 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

disseminate annually the values s done

Implement Revenue Sharing Guidelines Funds 120 500 5,000 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

Output 2: Human- wildlife conflicts 120 Lobby DLG to recruit vermin guards Funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 mitigated meetings

30 Train vermin guards Funds 15,000 150,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 meetings

Mobilize and train community scouts to Funds 10 training 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 control problem animals

Implement problem animal control 40 interventions e.g. Mauritius thorns, live funds 10,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 meetings traps, scare shooting, pepper growing

Develop and disseminate regulations to 10 Meetings control activities within Kanara Funds 1,200 1,200 1,200 conducted sanctuary

Erect the electric fence around the Funds 5kms 80,000 400,000 400,000 reserve Output 3: Understanding and appreciation of wildlife Conduct conservation education in the 800 Funds 4,000 40,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 conservation around reserve meetings the reserve enhanced

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 84 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Unit Total Management cost yr 1 yr2 yr3 yr4 yr5 Yr6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR9 FY10 Proposed actions Inputs Qtty cost (Ugx program (Ugx (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 000’) 000’)

600 Conduct sensitization meetings Funds 5,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 meetings

40 Radio Conduct radio programs Funds 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Talk shows

Conduct school outreach programs (drama competitions, essay writing 30 schools Funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 competitions, demonstrations art Visited drawings) Organize in-PA visits for communities Funds 10 Groups 4,000 40,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 and schools

Develop and distribute leaflets on PA regulations to different stakeholders Funds 800 3,200 800 800 800 800

around the reserve

120 Attend council and other meetings Funds meetings 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

attended 10 Visists Organize PA visits for political leaders. Funds 3,000 30,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 organised Enforce existing environmental laws and ordinances (lake shores, river Funds 1 700 7,000 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

banks and wetlands)

Program 5: Tourism development & financial sustainability

Output 1: Identified tourism infrastructure and Improve Karugutu CWp site (flush 1 CWp site Funds 30,000 30,000 30,000 facilities in the GMP toilets, showers, shed) improved developed and maintained Upgrade Wasa trail (hanging bridge, Funds 1 100,000 100,000 100,000 board walks,

Re-design Mugiri trail system Funds 10,000 10,000 10,000

Develop Mugiri -Jogojogo – Kaplate- funds 1 50,000 50,000 50,000 Kanywataba game drive track

Develop bush CWping at Kaplate Funds 10,000 10,000 10,000

Develop game drive track from Funds 30,000 30,000 30,000 Kanywataba to River Muzizi

Develop Muzizi trail from Muzizi Funds 10,000 10,000 10,000 outpost to the Falls

Construct information visitor center, Funds 60,000 60,000 60,000 and restaurant at Kijura view point

Establish CWp site at Kijura view point Funds 30,000 30,000 30,000

Concession out a budget for a 20 bed accommodation facility around 0

Kunama near Bugando Ranger outpost

Install and improve existing signage 20 Sign 5,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 within and outside the Reserve posts

Output 2: New Habituate Mugiri chimpanzee group for Tourism products Funds 5,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 tourism developed Develop water-based tourism to connect Nkusi waterfalls, Kabwoya Funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 wildlife Reserve. MFNP Ajai and East Madi Concession out horse riding along Funds 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 existing trails and tracks

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 85 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Unit Total Management cost yr 1 yr2 yr3 yr4 yr5 Yr6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR9 FY10 Proposed actions Inputs Qtty cost (Ugx program (Ugx (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) (000’) 000’) 000’)

Develop ecotourism activities outside Funds 2,000 20,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 the reserve Output 3: Tourist numbers increased Initiate the branding of TSWR Funds desk work

by 5% per annum Launch the approved brand Funds 1 5,000 5,000 5,000

Participate in local, national and Funds 10,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 international tradeshows, fairs,

Carry out radio and TV programs and Funds 4,000 40,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000, 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 mentions

Produce re sale items for the reserve Funds 5,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 e.g. T shirts, Caps

Designate an annual week event to 10 Funds 5,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 promote TSWR Functions

Participate in Public events e.g. World Funds 10 events 2,000 20,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 environment, tourism days

Promote existing tourism products e.g. 20 Funds 6,000 60,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 bird watching, hiking, nature walks Promotions

Contribute articles to UWA web site Desk work

Program 6: Governance & Corporate affairs

Output 1: All planned reserve Generate project proposals for un Funds 500 5,000 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 activities funded activities in the reserve implemented Organize coordination meetings with Funds 5,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 stakeholders.

Carry out supervision of PA activities Funds 3,000 30,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000

Carry out Annual performance reviews funds 10 reviews 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 of the AOP

Carry midterm review of the GMP funds 1 20,000 20,000 20,000

Lobby stakeholders to support PA funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 activities in form CSR

Carry out fundraising to support PA funds 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 activities

Lobby other partners for support funds

Output 2: Partnership with relevant Advertise the reserve for c- funds 1 10,000 stakeholders and management with the private partners institutions strengthened

Organize bi annual stakeholder forum funds 20 times 6,000 60,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000

Organize and participate in periodic funds 6,000 60,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 coordination meetings

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 86 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 PART 6: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Plate 27: Dried water pond inside the Reserve TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 87 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 6.1 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK The Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (annex 1) for this GMP aims at providing a periodic measurement and analysis of information on the progress and trends of implementing the GMP so as to identify problem areas and gaps to address, success areas to consolidate, generate information to inform budgeting work planning, resource allocation and mobilization, reporting, accountability and decision making and management. The Monitoring and Evaluation framework will focus on: Promoting accountability for the achievements of the GMP management programs objectives through the assessment of outputs, results and impacts. Promoting learning, feedback, and information sharing on results and lessons learned during GMP implementation among PA staff and other partners.

The specific objectives for developing and applying the Monitoring and Evaluation framework are to;

Provide the PA staff and stakeholders with the information needed to guide the GMP implementation towards achieving its overall purpose and program objectives Provide a basis for systematically collecting and analyzing information on the changes arising from GMP implementation interventions. Ensure accountability and value for money (upward accountability to UWA board and management) and downward accountability to the communities and other stakeholders Provide early contingency plan for the likely problematic activities and processes that need collective action The Monitoring and Evaluation framework provides for a compulsory performance reviews of the GMP. Monitoring and Evaluation implementation modalities. The following will be used to implement, monitor and report on the GMP Annual operational plans, quarterly work plans and annual budgets Annual and quarterly reports Annual and quarterly performance reflections Formative evaluation Correspondence and feedback from stakeholders Summative evaluation Roles and responsibilities The implementation of this monitoring and evaluation framework shall be a responsibility of the PA staff, M&E unit, UWA management and other PA partners that directly participate in implementation of the GMP. Information management, sharing systems and procedures Information and experience on GMP performance will be disseminated to the stakeholders through performance review meetings and through progress/monitoring reports. The UWA management will receive summaries of reports whenever applicable. Other partners and communities will be reached through appropriate outreach avenues. Reporting and accountability On quarterly and annual basis, the PA shall prepare and submit to UWA management performance reports based on the framework developed. The M&E unit shall train the PA staff and facilitate them conduct performance reflections and reviews. TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 88 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Appendix 1: MONITORING AND EVALUATION TABLES APPENDIX 1: MONITORING AND EVALUATION TABLES ResourceRESOURCE conservation CONSERVATION and management AND MANGEMENT Log Logframe Frame Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

Objective: To restore and maintain healthy ecosystem in the PA

Outcome: PA's integrity maintained

Output 1:Critical habitats for wildlife well Number of critical habitats Ecological monitoring Cooperation protected and managed well managed, Number of reports, Annual reports with annual interventions to stakeholders manage the critical habitats

Work with NEMA, DLG and other stakeholders to enforce lakeshores and riverbanks regulation

Construct and maintain water dams for wild animals inside the reserve

Develop and implement a waste management plan Output 2: Negative impacts of extractive % age of approved/identified Compliance reports Cooperation industry and developments minimized mitigation measures with implemented, Number of stakeholders compliance inspections conducted

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 89 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

Carry out project baseline studies before start of activities

Monitor compliance to EIA conditions of approval

Monitor long term impacts of developments

Carry out environmental audits Carry out project briefs for UWA initiated projects Participate in the review of EIS and project briefs for externally initiated developments Output 3: Illegal activities in the PA reduced Number of illegal incidences Annual reports Adequate documented, Number of manpower, suspects arrested and enabling prosecuted environment Carry out routine and targeted patrols Conduct spot checks Prosecute suspects

Enhance the boundary marking by planting live markers from Munyege to Nyakatehe

Monitor and Maintain the reserve boundary

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 90 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

Construct and maintain cattle kraals for impounded domestic animals inside the reserve

Implement the fire management plan Gather and manage intelligence information

MonitoringMONITORING and AND Evaluation EVALUATION Plan PLAN Data Frequency of Who is Indicator Indicator Definition Collection Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Objective: To restore and maintain healthy ecosystem in the PA Outcome: PA's integrity maintained Output 1:Critical habitats for Number of critical Document Quarterly WEM wildlife well protected and habitats well review and managed managed, Number Observation of annual interventions to manage the critical habitats Work with NEMA, DLG and other stakeholders to enforce lakeshores and riverbanks regulation

Construct and maintain water dams for wild animals inside the reserve

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 91 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Data Frequency of Who is Indicator Indicator Definition Collection Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Develop and implement a waste management plan

Output 2: Negative impacts of % age of These are Document As WEM extractive industry and approved/identified prescribed and review and recommended developments minimized mitigation approved actions to Observation measures reduce negative implemented, impacts on the Number of ecosystem compliance inspections conducted Carry out project baseline studies before start of activities Monitor compliance to EIA conditions of approval

Monitor long term impacts of developments

Carry out environmental audits

Carry out project briefs for UWA initiated projects

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 92 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Data Frequency of Who is Indicator Indicator Definition Collection Data Responsible? Methodology Collection

Participate in the review of EIS and project briefs for externally initiated developments

Output 3: Illegal activities in the Number of illegal These are Observations, Monthly WLE PA reduced incidences encounters of un Document documented, authorised reviews Number of suspects activities arrested and prosecuted Carry out routine and targeted patrols

Conduct spot checks

Prosecute suspects

Enhance the boundary marking by planting live markers from Munyege to Nyakatehe

Monitor and Maintain the reserve boundary

Construct and maintain cattle kraals for impounded domestic animals inside the reserve

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 93 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Data Frequency of Who is Indicator Indicator Definition Collection Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Implement the fire management plan Gather intelligence information

INDICATORIndicator trackingTRACKING table TABLE 3rd 5th 1st 2nd Yea 4th 10th Basel Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year Total Indicator Year Year r Year Year ine Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Tar Target Target t get Objective: To restore and maintain healthy ecosystem in the PA

Outcome: PA's integrity maintained

Output 1:Critical habitats Number of for wildlife well protected critical and managed habitats well managed, Number of annual interventions to manage the critical habitats 2 2 coor coord 2 2 dina 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 inatio coordin coordin tion coordin coordina coordina coordina coordina coordina coordina Work with NEMA DLG and n ation ation mee ation tion tion tion tion tion tion other stakeholders to meeti meetin meetin ting meetin meetings meetings meetings meetings meetings meetings enforce lakeshores and ngs gs and gs and s gs and and 4 and 4 and 4 and 4 and 4 and 40 riverbanks regulation and 4 4 field 4 field and 4 field field field field field field field field patrols patrols 4 patrols patrols patrols patrols patrols patrols patrols patrol fiel s d

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 94 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

3rd 5th 1st 2nd Yea 4th 10th Basel Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year Total Indicator Year Year r Year Year ine Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Tar Target Target t get patr ols

Construct and maintain 2 water dams for wild animals 4 dams dam 2 dams 3 dams inside the reserve s

Approv An Impl ed plan Imple approve Implem eme Implem Impleme Impleme Impleme Impleme Impleme Develop and implement a ment d and ent the nt ent the nt the nt the nt the nt the nt the waste management plan the Impleme plan the plan plan plan plan plan plan plan nted plan plan Output 2: Negative %ge of impacts of extractive approved/ide industry and developments ntified minimized mitigation measures implemented, Number of compliance inspections conducted All the All the All All the All All the All the All the All the All the All the project project the project the projects projects projects projects projects projects s for s for proj s for proje for that for that for that for that for that for the that that ects that cts particula particula particula particula particula period Carry out project baseline particul particul for particul for r year r year r year r year r year studies before start of ar year ar year that ar year that activities part partic icul ular ar year year 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 240 Monitor compliance to EIA monthl monthl mon monthl mont monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly monitori conditions of approval y y thly y hly monitori monitori monitori monitori monitori ng monitor monito mon monitor monit ng visits ng visits ng visits ng visits ng visits reports

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 95 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

3rd 5th 1st 2nd Yea 4th 10th Basel Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year Total Indicator Year Year r Year Year ine Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Tar Target Target t get ing ring itori ing oring visits visits ng visits visits visit s Bi Bi Bi Bi Bi Bi Bi Bi Bi Bi 20 Annual Annual Ann Annual Annua Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual monitori monitor monito ual monitor l monitori monitori monitori monitori monitori ng Monitor long term impacts ing ring mon ing monit ng visits ng visits ng visits ng visits ng visits reports of developments visits visits itori visits oring ng visits visit s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 environ environ envi environ envir environ environ environ environ environ environ mental mental ron mental onme mental mental mental mental mental mental Carry out environmental audit audit men audit ntal audit audit audit audit audit audit audits tal audit reports audi t

1 1 Carry out project briefs for 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 proj proje UWA initiated projects project project project project project project project project project ect ct

Participate in the review of 1 1 10 EIS and project briefs for 1 1 1 revi revie 1 review 1 review 1 review 1 review 1 review review externally initiated review review review ew w reports developments Output 3: Illegal activities Number of in the PA reduced illegal incidences documented,

Number of suspects arrested and prosecuted

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 96 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 3rd 5th 1st 2nd Yea 4th 10th Basel Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year Total Indicator Year Year r Year Year ine Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Tar Target Target t get 130 ext 130 end exten 130 130 ed 130 130 130 130 130 130 ded 1300 extend extend rout extend extende extende extende extende extende routin extende ed ed ine ed d d d d d e d routine routine routine patr routine routine routine routine routine routine Carry out routine and patrol patrols, patrols, patrols, ols, patrols, patrols, patrols, patrols, patrols, patrols, targeted patrols s, 720 7200 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 routin routine routine routine rout routine routine routine routine routine routine e base base base ine base base base base base base base patrols patrols patrols bas patrols patrols patrols patrols patrols patrols patrol e s patr ols 24 spot 24 spot 24 24 spot 24 24 spot 24 spot 24 spot 24 spot 24 spot 240 spot checks checks spot checks spot checks checks checks checks checks checks Conduct spot checks che check cks s All All All All All All All All All All All Prosecute suspects suspect suspect susp suspect suspe suspects suspects suspects suspects suspects suspects s s ects s cts Enhance the boundary 10kms 10kms 10k 20kms 20km marking by planting live ms s 70kms markers from Munyege to Nyakatehe 70kms 70kms 70k 70kms 70km 70kms 70kms 70kms 70kms 70kms All the Monitor and Maintain the ms s PA

reserve boundary boundar 3rd y 5th Construct and maintain 1st 2nd Yea 4th 10th Basel 5 Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year Total cattle kraals for impounded Indicator Year Year r Year 5 Year ine 5 kraals 5 kraals kraa 5 kraals Targe 5Target kraals 5Target kraals 5Target kraals 5Target kraals 5 kraals 5Target kraals domestic animals inside the Target Target Tar Target kraals Target ls t reserve get Approv Implem Impl Implem Imple Impleme Impleme Impleme Impleme Impleme An ed fire ent the eme ent the ment nt the nt the nt the nt the nt the approve Implement the fire manage plan nt plan the plan plan plan plan plan d and management plan ment the plan Impleme plan plan nted plan Gather intelligence Monthly Mon Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly information thly

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 97 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 CAPACITY BUILDING Capacity building Log Frame Log frame Indicators Means of Verifcation Assumptions

Objective: To ensure effective and efficient operations of the reserve Outcome: Committed staff for quality GMP implementation

Output: Adequate, skilled and motivated Number of staff recruited, Performance review Policy change staff in place Number of staff trained reports

Recruit staff in their relevant departments

Conduct staff capacity needs assessment

Conduct staff training Carry out study tours to other Protected Areas Organize staff team building functions Set up and implement a staff reward system

Output: Adequate, appropriate and Number and standardized Asset registers, Project Natural disasters, Security functional infrastructure including infrastructure in place, certificate of equipment and vehicles in place Number and standard completion, Field visits equipment and vehicles in place

Karugutu Construct one office block with three rooms (WCC, WA, WRM)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 98 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Verifcation Assumptions

Construct a four-roomed store (food, exhibits, fuel and office for an attendant)

Construct Education Centre Re-locate the existing access to Karugutu office and the gate away from the existing public access road

SSL Construct 02 gates and staff accommodation at Kakara and Kanara- kacwankumu road Construct a 10-unit block for staff accommodation at the new SSL gate with attendant facilities

Construct a Hangar and a flush toilet at the air strip

Construct a 6-unit accommodation block and attendant facilities at the existing outposts at Ntoroko, Makondo, and Kijura)

Procure 30 Unipots for temporary outposts at Bugando, Kacwankumu, Igogonya, Muzizi and Kanywataba Construct a 6 Unit block each at the new proposed outposts (Masongora and Harugongo)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 99 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Verifcation Assumptions

Ntoroko sector headquarter Construct a Jetty at Ntoroko Shift the gate and outpost from the current location to the Ntoroko bird watching trail and Kigungu respectively.

Construct accommodation and office for tourism warden at Ntoroko

Construct a block of 12 rooms to accommodate a section of Rangers at Kigungu site about 2km from the current outpost Equipment Procure 3 vehicles Procure 13 motorcycles for outposts Procure computers; furniture and other assorted field equipment (refer to table in the GMP)

Roads Maintain existing roads and tracks and trails

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 100 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

MONITORINGMonitoring ANDand EvaluationEVALUATION Plan PLAN Data Frequency Indicator Who is Indicator Collection of Data Definition Responsible? Methodology Collection Objective: To ensure effective and efficient operations of the reserve Outcome: Committed staff for quality GMP implementation Output: Adequate, skilled and motivated Number of staff Document Annually WIC staff in place recruited, review, Number of staff Observation trained Recruit staff in their relevant departments

Conduct staff capacity needs assessment

Conduct staff training Carry out study tours to other Protected Areas

Organize staff team building functions Set up and implement a staff reward system Output: Adequate, appropriate and Number and Infrastructure Document Annually WIC functional infrastructure including standardized established review, equipment and vehicles in place infrastructure in according to UWA Observation place, Number approved and standard standards; equipment and Suitable vehicles in place equipment that

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 101 Data Frequency Indicator Who is Indicator Collection of Data Definition Responsible? Methodology Collection meets the needs of the PA.

Karugutu Construct one office block with three rooms (WCC, WA, WRM)

Construct a four-roomed store (food, exhibits, fuel and office for an attendant)

Construct Education Centre Re-locate the existing access to Karugutu office and the gate away from the existing public access road

Gates  Construct one gate at the point where the new tarmac roads diverts from the current marrum road towards reserve boundary  Construct one gate at the point where the new tarmac road meets the old marrum road towards Kanara t/c  Construct one gate at SSL from the airstrip and outpost TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Data Frequency Indicator Who is Indicator Collection of Data Definition Responsible? Methodology Collection Construct a 10-unit block for staff accommodation at the new SSL gate with attendant facilities Construct a Hangar and a flush toilet at the air strip Construct a 6-unit accommodation block and attendant facilities at the existing outposts at Ntoroko, Makondo, and Kijura) Procure 30 Unipots for temporary outposts at Bugando, Kacwankumu, Igogonya, Muzizi and Kanywataba

Construct a 6 Unit block each at the new proposed outposts (Masongora and Harugongo)

Ntoroko sector headquarter Construct a Jetty at Ntoroko

Shift the gate and outpost from the current location to the Ntoroko bird watching trail and Kigungu respectively. Construct accommodation and office for tourism warden at Ntoroko

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 103 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Data Frequency Indicator Who is Indicator Collection of Data Definition Responsible? Methodology Collection Construct a block of 12 rooms to accommodate a section of Rangers at Kigungu site about 2km from the current outpost

Equipment Procure 3 vehicles Procure 13 motorcycles for outposts Procure computers; furniture and other assorted field equipment (refer to table in the GMP) Roads Maintain existing roads and tracks and trails

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 104 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

INDICATORIndicator track TRACKINGing table TABLE Indicator Baseli 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th Year 8th 9th 10th Total ne Year Year Year Year Year Year Target Year Year Year Target Target Targe Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target t t Objective: To ensure effective and efficient operations of the reserve

Outcome: Committed staff for quality GMP implementation Output: Adequate, skilled Number 50% of 46 staff and motivated staff in of staff curren recruited, place recruited t staff 100 staff , Number trained of staff trained Recruit staff in their 15 16 15 46 relevant departments Conduct staff capacity assess assess assess assessm assessm assessm assessme assessm assessm assessme 10 needs assessment ment ment ment ent ent ent nt report ent ent nt report assessment report repor report report report report and report report and reports and t and and and and and training and and training trainin traini traini training training training plan training training plan g plan ng ng plan plan plan plan plan plan plan Conduct staff training 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 Carry out study tours to 1 1 1 study 1 study 1 study 1 study 1 study 1 study 1 study other Protected Areas study study tour tour tour tour tour tour tour tour tour Organize staff team building 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 functions Set up and implement a 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 5staff 50staff staff reward system reward rewar rewar rewarde rewarde rewarde rewarded rewarde rewarde rewarde rewarded ed ded ded d d d d d d Output: Adequate, Number appropriate and functional and infrastructure including standardi equipment and vehicles in zed place infrastruc ture in

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 105 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Baseli 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th Year 8th 9th 10th Total ne Year Year Year Year Year Year Target Year Year Year Target Target Targe Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target t t place, Number and standard equipmen t and vehicles in place Karugutu Construct one office block A A complete with three rooms (WCC, compl office WA, WRM) ete block office block Construct a four-roomed Comp A store (food, exhibits, fuel lete compelete and office for an attendant) store 4 rounded store Construct Education Centre Complet Compelete e d and Educati functional on educationa centre l centre Re-locate the existing Relocat access to Karugutu office e the and the gate away from the access existing public access road road

Gates 1 semideta ched house  Construct one 2 2 gates and gate at the point gates complete where the new and staff tarmac roads compl accommod ete ation

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 106 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Baseli 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th Year 8th 9th 10th Total ne Year Year Year Year Year Year Target Year Year Year Target Target Targe Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target t t diverts from the staff current marrum acco road towards mmod reserve boundary ation  Construct one gate at the point where the new tarmac road meets the old marrum road towards Kanara t/c  Construct one gate at SSL from the airstrip and outpost Construct a Hangar and a A A complete flush toilet at the air strip complete hangar hangar with a with a flush toilet flush toilet

Construct a 6-unit A 6 Unit A 6 Unit A 6 Unit 3 six unit accommodation block and block block block accommod attendant facilities at the and and and ation existing outposts at attendant attendant attendant blocks and Ntoroko, Makondo, and facilities facilities facilities attendant Kijura) at at at facilities Ntoroko Makondo Kijura

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 107 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Baseli 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th Year 8th 9th 10th Total ne Year Year Year Year Year Year Target Year Year Year Target Target Targe Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target t t Procure 30 Unipots for 5 5 5 5 5 30 Uniposts temporary outposts at Unipos Unipo Unipo Uniposts Uniposts Bugando, Kacwankumu, ts sts sts Igogonya, Muzizi and Kanywataba Construct a 6 Unit block A 6 Unit A 6 Unit 2 six Unit each at the new proposed block block blocks outposts (Masongora and Harugongo) Ntoroko sector headquarter Construct a Jetty at Functi Ntoroko onal Jetty Shift the gate and outpost from the current location to the Ntoroko bird watching trail and Kigungu respectively.

Construct accommodation Complet Complete and office for tourism e office office and warden at Ntoroko and staff block staff block Construct a block of 12 rooms to accommodate a section of Rangers at Kigungu site about 2km from the current outpost Equipment

Procure 3 vehicles 1 1 vehicle 1 vehicle 3 vehicles vehicle

Procure 13 motorcycles for 3 5 5 13 outposts Motorcycle

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 108 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Baseli 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th Year 8th 9th 10th Total ne Year Year Year Year Year Year Target Year Year Year Target Target Targe Targe Target Target Target Target Target Target t t s

Procure computers; furniture and other assorted field equipment (refer to table in the GMP) Roads

Maintain existing roads and All trail tracks and trails

COMMUNITYCommunity conservation CONSERVATION LogLog Frame frame Indicators Means of Assumptions Verification Objective:To minimize conservation conflicts while enhancing wildlife appreciation and benefits Outcome: Vibrant community support for conservation Output 1: Community livelihoods supported Number of community groups Signed MoUs, Political from benefits of wildlife conservation supported, Number of MoUs project reports, intervention negotiated and signed Annual reports Build capacity of community groups in proposal writing, record keeping, financial management, etc. Sensitize communities to start community based tourism. Support community initiatives that relate to conservation

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 109 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Assumptions Verification Carry out resource inventories for resources demanded by the communities (resource mapping)

Negotiate and sign MoUs for resource access Generate economic values of resources accessed from the reserve for the period 2007 to 2017 and 2017 to 2027 and disseminate annually the values

Implement revenue sharing guidelines

Outputs2: Human-wildlife conflicts mitigated Number of human-wildlife conflict Station Diary (SD) Community incidences reported, Number of Book, Annual cooperation human wildlife conflict incidences reports, attended to Lobby DLG to recruit vermin guards Train vermin guards Mobilize and train community scouts to control problem animals Implement problem animal control interventions e.g. Mauritius thorns, live traps, scare shooting, pepper growing

Develop and disseminate regulations to control activities within Kanara sanctuary

Erect the electric fence in some sections around the reserve

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 110 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Assumptions Verification Output 3: Understanding and appreciation of Number of community groups Project reports, Community wildlife conservation around the reserve implementing self-initiated Community minute cooperation enhanced conservation projects, Number of reports reformed poacher groups , a number of community groups participating in management programs Develop and implement conservation education strategy for the reserve

Conduct sensitization meetings Conduct radio programs

Conduct school outreach programs (drama competitions, essay writing competitions, demonstrations art drawings)

Organize in-PA visits for communities and schools

Develop and distribute leaflets on PA regulations to different stakeholders around the reserve Attend council and other meetings Organize in- PA visits for political leaders.

Enforce existing environmental laws and ordinances (lake shores, river banks and wetlands)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 111 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

MM&E & E PLANPlan Indicator Indicator Definition Data Frequency Who is Collection of Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Objective:To minimize conservation conflicts while enhancing wildlife appreciation and benefits Outcome: Vibrant community support for conservation Output 1: Community Number of community Organized number Document Quarterly WCC livelihoods supported from groups supported, of people within reviews, benefits of wildlife conservation Number of MoUs the subcounty interviews negotiated and signed adjacent to the reserve Build capacity of community groups in proposal writing, record keeping, financial management, etc. Sensitize communities to start community based tourism.

Support community initiatives that relate to conservation

Carry out resource inventories for resources demanded by the communities (resource mapping)

Negotiate and sign MoUs for resource access

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 112 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Indicator Definition Data Frequency Who is Collection of Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Generate economic values of resources accessed from the reserve for the period 2007 to 2017 and 2017 to 2027 and disseminate annually the values Implement revenue sharing guidelines Outputs2: Human-wildlife Number of human- Situations resulting Document Quarterly WCC conflicts mitigated wildlife conflict from human reviews, incidences reported, wildlife interactions interviews Number of human wildlife conflict incidences attended to Lobby DLG to recruit vermin guards Train vermin guards Mobilize and train community scouts to control problem animals Implement problem animal control interventions e.g. Mauritius thorns, live traps, scare shooting, pepper growing Develop and disseminate regulations to control activities within Kanara sanctuary Erect the electric fence in some sections around the reserve

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 113 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Indicator Definition Data Frequency Who is Collection of Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Output 3: Understanding and Number of Activities that aim Document Annually WCC appreciation of wildlife community groups at contributing reviews, conservation around the implementing self directly or interviews reserve enhanced initiated conservation indirectly to and projects, Number of conservation, observations, reformed poacher People who groups , a number of denounce poaching community groups participating in management programs Develop and implement conservation education strategy for the reserve Conduct sensitization meetings Conduct radio programs Conduct school outreach programs (drama competitions, essay writing competitions, demonstrations art drawings) Organize in-PA visits for communities and schools Develop and distribute leaflets on PA regulations to different stakeholders around the reserve Attend council and other meetings

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 114 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Indicator Definition Data Frequency Who is Collection of Data Responsible? Methodology Collection Organize in- PA visits for political leaders. Enforce existing environmental laws and ordinances (lake shores, river banks and wetlands)

INDICATORIndicator tracking TRACKING table TABLE Object Indicator Baselin 1st 2nd 3rdY 4th Year 5thYea 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th Year 10th Year Total e Year Year ear Target r Target Year Target Target Target Target Targe Target Targe Target Targe t t t

Objective: To minimize conservation conflicts while enhancing wildlife appreciation and benefits

Outcome: Vibrant community support for conservation

Output 1: Community Number of 5 livelihoods supported communit groups from benefits of wildlife y groups and 5 conservation supported, MoUs Number of MoUs negotiated and signed Build capacity of 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 5groups 50groups community groups in proposal writing, record keeping, financial management, etc. Sensitize communities to 25me 25meet 25me 25meetins 25meet 25meetings 25me 25meetings 25meetings 25meetings 250mee start community based etings ings etings ings etings tings tourism.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 115 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Object Indicator Baselin 1st 2nd 3rdY 4th Year 5thYea 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th Year 10th Year Total e Year Year ear Target r Target Year Target Target Target Target Targe Target Targe Target Targe t t t

Support community 10init 10initia 10init 10initiati 10initia 10initiati 10initi 10initiatives 10initiatives 10initiatives 10initia initiatives that relate to iatives tives iatives ves tives ves atives tives conservation Carry out resource Resource Monitor Monit Monitor Monitor Monitor Monit Monitor Monitor Monitor Resource inventories for resources mapping resource or resource resource resource or resource resource resource Inventory demanded by the access resou access access access resour access access access Monthly communities (resource monthly rce monthly monthly monthly ce monthly monthly monthly resourc mapping) access access e access montly monthly reports

Negotiate and sign MoUs Sign 2 Monitor Revie Sign 5 Monitor Sign 3, Sign 4 Monitor 8 Monitor 8 Sign 3, 20 MoUs for resource access MoUs 5 MoUs w and new 9 MoUs Review 5 MoUs MoUs MoUs, Sign Review all signed and rene MoUs MoUs 3 MoUs Monit w 5 or 3 MoUs MoUs Generate economic values Annu Annual Annu Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual 10 of resources accessed from al assess al assessment assessm assessme assess assessment assessment assessment assessm the reserve for the period assess ment assess ent nt ment ent 2007 to 2017 and 2017 to ment ment reports 2027 and disseminate annually the values

Implement revenue Monit Monitor Monit Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor sharing guidelines or revenue or revenue revenu revenue revenue revenue revenue revenue reven sharing reven sharing e sharing sharing sharing sharing sharing ue implem ue impleme sharing impleme imple implement implement implement sharing entation sharin ntation implem ntation menta ation ation ation imple quarterly g quarterly entation quarterly tion quarterly quarterly quarterly ment imple quarterly quart ation ment erly quart ation erly quart erly

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 116 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Object Indicator Baselin 1st 2nd 3rdY 4th Year 5thYea 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th Year 10th Year Total e Year Year ear Target r Target Year Target Target Target Target Targe Target Targe Target Targe t t t

Outputs2: Human-wildlife Number of conflicts mitigated human- wildlife conflict incidences reported, Number of human wildlife conflict incidences attended to Lobby DLG to recruit 3 3 vermin 3 council 3 Vermin Vermin vermin guards counc council guards meetings council guards in guards il meetings in in meetin Ntoroko in the meeti kabar Ntoroko gs in two ngs ole Ntoroko districts

Train vermin guards Annual Annu Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Train trainings al trainings trainings trainings trainings trainings trainings trainings all the traini recruited ngs vermin guards

Mobilize and train identi train train train 10 train train 10 train train 10 train 10 train 10 10 community scouts to fy 10 10 10 10 10 Wildlife control problem animals Scouts

Implement problem animal Imple Implem Imple Impleme Implem Impleme Imple Implement Implement Implement control interventions e.g. ment ent all ment nt all the ent all nt all the ment all the all the all the Mauritius thorns, live all the all identified the identified all the identified identified identified traps, scare shooting, the identifi the intervent identifi identi interventio interventio interventio pepper growing identi ed identi ions ed intervent fied ns ns ns fied interve fied interve ions interv interv ntions interv ntions ention

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 117 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Object Indicator Baselin 1st 2nd 3rdY 4th Year 5thYear 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th Year 10th Year Total e Year Year ear Target Target Target Year Target Target Target Target Targe Target Targe Target t t

entions entions s

Develop and disseminate Regul Impleme Implem Impleme Imple Implement Implement Implement regulations to control ations nt the ent the nt the ment the the the activities within Kanara develope develop develope the developed developed developed sanctuary d ed d devel regulations regulations regulations regulatio regulati regulatio oped ns ons ns regula tions Erect the electric fence in Submi Commence Comple Comple some sections around the t the te the te and reserve conce Construc fence function pt tion of al fence the fence Output 3: Understanding Number of 1 group and appreciation of community (KCCA) wildlife conservation groups around the reserve implement enhanced ing self initiated conservati on projects, Number of reformed poacher groups , a number of community groups

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 118 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Object Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rdY 4th Year 5thYear 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th Year 10th Year Total Year Year ear Target Target Target Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

participati ng in manageme nt programs

Develop and implement Appro Implem Imple Impleme Review impleme imple implement implement implement Approved conservation education ved ent the ment nt the strategy nt the ment the the the strategy strategy for the reserve strate strategy the strategy recomme the recommen recommen recommen gy strate ndations recom dations dations dations gy mend ations Conduct sensitization 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 600 meetings meeti meetin meeti meetings meetin meetings meeti meetings meetings meetings meeting ngs gs ngs gs ngs s Conduct radio programs 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 programs 4 programs 4 programs 40 progr progra progr programs progra programs progra progra ams ms ams ms ms ms Conduct school outreach 3prog 3progra 3prog 3program 3progra 3program 3progr 3programs 3programs 3programs 30progr programs (drama rams ms rams s ms s ams ams competitions, essay writing competitions, demonstrations art drawings) Organize in-PA visits for 1 1 group 1 1 group 1 group 1 group 1 1 group 1 group 1 group 10 communities and schools group group group groups

Develop and distribute quart quarter quart quarterly quarter quarterly quarterly quarterly quarterly quarterly 40 leaflets on PA regulations erly ly erly ly times to different stakeholders around the reserve

Attend council and other Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly 120 meetings meetings

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 119 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Object Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rdY 4th Year 5thYea 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th Year 10th Year Total Year Year ear Target r Target Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

Organize in- PA visits for Annu Annuall Annu Annually Annually Annually Annually Annually Annually Annually 10 visits political leaders. ally y ally Enforce existing quart quarterly quart quarterly quarter quarterly quart quarterly quarterly quarterly 40 environmental laws and erly erly ly erly monitor ordinances (lake shores, ing river banks and wetlands) visits

ECOLOGICALEcological Monitoring MONITORING and AND Research RESEARCH LogLogframe Frame Indicators Means of Assumptions Verifcation Objective: To generate scientific and management oriented information for wildlife management Outcome: Informed decisions for wildlfe conservation

Output 1:scientific and management oriented information for Species population Survey Adequate wildlife management generated trends, Species reoprts, Capacity richness and diversity, Invetory development reports Monitor and report disease outbreaks Carry out research on Habitat changes, and Invasive species Conduct species inventory (plants and animals) within the reserve

Develop and implement tools for ecosystem health monitoring

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 120 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicators Means of Assumptions Verifcation Collect and analyse Ranger Based Data using SMART in the PA

Liaise with stakeholders to promote and carryout research in the PA Carryout periodic Census both aerial and ground

Assess and carryout translocation of locally extinct species of wildlife

Output 2:Negative impacts of climate change and disasters minimized Number of adaptation Reports, Appropriate measures implemented Restoration methods plans, site employed visits Manage the invasive Dicrostachys cineria in the areas of Nyamabale, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange and Kachwankumu within the reserve to open up wild animal grazing areas

Establish 5 weather stations (Kijura, Karugutu and Ntoroko, SSL, Makondo) for weather data collection Analyse and disseminate weather information to stakeholders

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 121 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

MM && EE PlanPLAN Indicator Indicator Data Collection Frequency Who is Definition Methodology of Data Responsible? Collection

Objective: To generate scientific and management oriented information for wildlife management Outcome: Informed decisions for wildlfe conservation Output 1: scientific and Species population Changes of Surveys As scheduled WEM management oriented trends, Species wildlife information for wildlife richness and diversity, numbers management generated overtime, number and variety of individual wildlife species Monitor and report disease outbreaks Carry out research on Habitat changes, and Invasive species

Conduct species inventory (plants and animals) within the reserve Develop and implement tools for ecosystem health monitoring Collect and analyse Ranger Based Data using SMART in the PA

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 122 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Indicator Data Collection Frequency Who is Definition Methodology of Data Responsible? Collection

Liaise with stakeholders to promote and carryout research in the PA Carryout periodic Census both aerial and ground Assess and carryout translocation of locally extinct species of wildlife Output 2:Negative impacts of Number of adaptation measures Observation, Annually WEM climate change and disasters measures undertaken to Document minimized implemented cope up with review changing environment Manage the invasive Dicrostachyscineria in the areas of Nyamabale, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange and Kachwankumu within the reserve to open up wild animal grazing areas Establish 5 weather stations (Kijura, Karugutu and Ntoroko, SSL, Makondo) for weather data collection Analyse and disseminate weather information to stakeholders

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 123 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

INDICATORIndicator tracking TRACKING table TABLE Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rdYe 4th 5thYear 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th 10th Total Target Year Year ar Year Target Target Year Target Year Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

Objective: To generate scientific and management oriented information for wildlife management Outcome: Informed decisions for wildlife conservation Output 1:scientific Species Refer: and management population Census oriented information trends, reports for wildlife Species management richness and generated diversity, Monitor and report 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 40 disease outbreaks monitor monit monito monitor monitor monitori monitor monitor monitor monitor monitoring ing oring ring ing ing ng visits ing ing ing ing reports visits visits visits visits visits visits visits visits visits Carry out research on Conducta Conducta 2 research Habitat changes, and research research studies done Invasive species

Conduct species An An inventory inventory (plants and inventory animals) within the reserve Develop and Devel monthl monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly 120 implement tools for op y monitor monitor monitori monitor monitor monitor monitor monitoring ecosystem health tools monito ing ing ng ing ing ing ing reports monitoring ring Collect and analyze Monthly Month Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Ranger Based Data ly reports using SMART in the PA Liaise with 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 research stakeholders to researc research research reports research research research research research promote and carryout h research in the PA Carryout periodic 1 1 1 census 1 1 4 Census Census both aerial and censu census census census reports

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 124 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rdYe 4th 5thYear 6thYear 7th 8thYear 9th 10th Total Target Year Year ar Year Target Target Year Target Year Year Target Targets Target Target Target Target Target

ground

Assess and carryout Carry Translo Transloc Assessment translocation of locally out cate ate report extinct species of an wildlife assess ment Output 2:Negative Number of 1.2 impacts of climate adaptation hectar change and disasters measures e of minimized implemente invasiv d e species remov ed Manage the invasive 60hect 60hec 60hect 60hecta 60hecta 60hectar 60hecta 60hecta 60hecta 60hecta 600hectares Dicrostachys cineria in ares tares ares res res es res res res res the areas of Nyamabale, Kanyamukura, Kyenyange and Kachwankumu within the reserve to open up wild animal grazing areas Establish 5 weather 3 3 6 stations stations (Kijura, stations stations Karugutu and Ntoroko, SSL, Makondo) for weather data collection Analyse and Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly 120 disseminate weather collections information to stakeholders

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GOVERNANCEGovernance and AND Corporat CORPORATEe affairs AFFAIRS LOGLog FRAMEframe Indicators Means of Verifcation Assumptions

Objective: To improve program implementation and decision making within the management of the reserve Outcome: Improved PA management Output: All planned reserve activities All GMP programs Review reports, implemented planned implemented Annual report Generate project proposals for un funded activities in the reserve Organize coordination meetings with stakeholders. Carry out supervision of PA activities Carry out Annual performance reviews of the AOP Carry midterm review of the GMP Lobby stakeholders to support PA activities in form CSR Carry out fundraising to support PA activities Lobby other partners for support Output: Partnership with relevant Number of corporate and Annual report Good will stakeholders and institutions public events involved in, strengthened

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Indicators Means of Verifcation Assumptions

Organize annual stakeholder forum Organize and participate in periodic coordination meetings

Participate in Public events e.g. World environment, tourism days

MM&E & E PlanPLAN Indicator Data Frequency of Indicator Who is Collection Data Definition Responsible? Methodology Collection Objective: To improve program implementation and decision making within the management of the reserve Outcome: Improved PA management Output: All planned reserve All GMP programs Document Annually WIC activities implemented planned review implemented Generate project proposals for un funded activities in the reserve Organize coordination meetings with stakeholders. Carry out supervision of PA activities

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Indicator Data Frequency of Indicator Who is Collection Data Definition Responsible? Methodology Collection Carry out Annual performance reviews of the AOP Carry midterm review of the GMP Lobby stakeholders to support PA activities in form CSR Carry out fundraising to support PA activities Lobby other partners for support Output: Partnership with Number of corporate relevant stakeholders and and public events institutions strengthened involved in, Organize annual stakeholder forum Organize and participate in periodic coordination meetings

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INDICATORIndicator tracking TRACKING table TABLE Indicator Bas 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Total Target eline Year Year Year Year Year Target Target Target Target Year Target Target Target Target Target Target

Objective: To improve program implementation and decision making within the management of the reserve

Outcome: Improved PA management

Output: All planned All GMP reserve activities programs implemented planned implemented Generate project 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 proposals for un funded activities in the reserve Organize coordination Quartery Quarterly Quarterly 40 meetings Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly meetings with stakeholders. Carry out supervision of Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly 120 supervision PA activities visits

Carry out Annual Annu Annu Annu Annually Annu Annually Annually Annually Annually Annually 10 review performance reviews of ally ally ally ally reports the AOP

Carry midterm review of Midt Midterm review the GMP erm report revie w Lobby stakeholders to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 CSR support PA activities in activity activity activity activity activity activity activity activity activity activity form CSR Carry out fundraising to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 fundraising support PA activities fundr fundr fundr fundrai fund fundraisi fundraisi fundraisi fundraisi fundraisi activities aising aising aising sing raisi ng ng ng ng ng activi activi activi activity ng activity activity activity activity activity ty ty ty activ ity

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Indicator Bas 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Total Target elin Year Year Year Year Year Target Target Target Target Year e Targe Targe Targe Target Targ Target t t t et Lobby other partners for quart quart quart quarter quar quarterl quarterl quarterl quarterl quarterl support erly erly erly ly terly y y y y y Output: Partnership Number of with relevant corporate and stakeholders and public events institutions involved in, strengthened Organize annual 1 1 1 1 once 1 1 once a 1 once a 1 once a 1 once a 1 once a 10 annual stakeholder forum once once once a year once year year year year year stakeholder for a a a a a year year year year Organize and participate Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly in periodic coordination meetings

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TOURISMTourism DEVELOPMENTdevelopment LOGLog FRAME frame Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

Objective: To ensure visitor satisfaction and increase PA tourist visitation (Increased PA revenue) Outcome: Increased visitor satisfaction and numbers Output 1: Identified tourism infrastructure Number of functional completion certificates peace and security and facilities in the GMP developed and tourism infrastructure and annual reports maintained and facilities in place Improve Karugutu Camp site (flash toilet, showers, shed)

Upgrade Wasa trail (hanging bridge, board walks, create loops Re-design Mugiri trail system

Develop Mugiri -Jogojogo – Kaplate-Kanywataba game drive track

Develop bush Camping at Kaplate Develop game drive track from Kanywataba to River Muzizi

Develop Muzizi trail from Muzizi outpost to the Falls Construct information visitor center, and restaurant at Kijura view point

Establish Camp site at Kijura view point

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Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

Output 2: New Tourism products developed Number of new products annual reports, activity peace and security in place reports

Output 3:Tourist numbers increased by 5% per %ge increase in tourist visitor statistics improvement in annum numbers destination image

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Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

M & E PLAN Indicator Indicator Definition Data Collection Frequency Who is Responsible? Methodology of Data Collection Objective: To ensure visitor satisfaction and increase PA tourist visitation (Increased PA revenue)

Outcome: Increased visitor satisfaction and numbers

Output 1: Identified Number of functional Observation, Annually WT tourism infrastructure tourism annual reports and facilities in the GMP infrastructure and developed and facilities in place maintained

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Indicator Indicator Definition Data Collection Frequency Who is Responsible? Methodology of Data Collection –

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Indicator Indicator Definition Data Collection Frequency Who is Responsible? Methodology of Data Collection Output 2: New Tourism New PA attractions interviews, Annually WT products developed developed for observations, tourism document review Output 3:Tourist %ge increase in The 5% increase document quarterly WT numbers increased by tourist numbers includes domestic review 5% per annum and international tourists

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Indicator Indicator Definition Data Collection Frequency Who is Responsible? Methodology of Data Collection

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INDICATOR TRACKING TABLE Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Total Year Year Year Year Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

Objective: To ensure visitor satisfaction and increase PA tourist visitation (Increased PA revenue)

Outcome: Increased visitor satisfaction and numbers

Output 1: Number of Ntoroko Identified tourism functional lodge, infrastructure and tourism SSL, UWA facilities in the infrastructu bandas, GMP developed re and game and maintained facilities in tracks(ele place phant track, sunset, Mzee, Wango) trails- Nyaburogo , Wasa, Mugiri trail net work, Kijura hike, Ntoroko) AIRSTRIP

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Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Total Year Year Year Year Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

e

te –

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Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Total Year Year Year Year Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

Output 2: New Number of Tourism products new developed products in place

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Indicator Baseline 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Total Year Year Year Year Year Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target

Output 3:Tourist %ge numbers increase in increased by 10% tourist per annum numbers

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 140 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Appendix 2: Challenges and issues generated and prioritized during Appendixthe planning 2: CHALLENGES process AND ISSUES GENERATED AND PRIORITIZED DURING THE PLANNING PROCESS

2.12.1 Resource Resource conservationconservation and and management management

Vulnerability of the PA value Assessment IMPACT ON Scenic beauty Critiacl habitat for Critical breeding Opportunity for Unique dry %level of the endagered habitat for fish Education and habitat prioritizati spp Research Chimpanzees Conservation value Total on Rank Management issue HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Accidents caused by speeding vehicles leading to injuries, loss of animals and human life 1 2 1 2 3 9 60 11 Poaching 1 1 1 2 3 8 53 14 Boundary contentions 1 1 1 1 1 5 33 20 Bush burning 3 3 2 3 3 14 93 2 Crocodile poisoning on River Semuliki 1 1 1 2 1 6 40 18 Charcoal burning and illegal pole cutting 2 2 1 2 3 10 67 7 Domestic animal Grazing inside the reserve 3 2 2 2 2 11 73 5 Encroachment 3 3 3 3 3 15 100 1 Erosion of the lake shores around Kanara 2 1 3 1 1 8 53 14 Deforestation outside the reserve 2 3 1 1 2 9 60 11 Inadequate animal species and numbers in the reserve 3 1 1 3 1 9 60 11 Inadequate boundary live markers 1 1 1 1 1 5 33 20 Inadequate boundary maintenance 1 2 1 1 1 6 40 18 Inadequate Management of the Shoebill and the Shoebill habitat outside TSWR boundary 2 3 3 3 1 12 80 4 Increasing human population in Kanara town council 2 2 3 1 2 10 67 7 Inadequate water points for wild animals during the dry season 2 2 2 1 3 10 67 7 Increased traffic along public roads through the reserve 3 1 1 1 2 8 53 14 Increasing human population around the reserve 1 2 3 1 2 10 67 7 Management of wildlife outside the PA 1 2 1 1 2 7 47 17 Oil and gas activities inside the reserve 3 3 3 2 3 14 93 2 Potential negative impacts of developments such as Power line, Water pipes, Road tarmacking, Hydropower, etc.…. 3 3 2 1 2 11 73 5

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2.22.2 Research Research and ecological and monitoringecological monitoring Vulnerability of the PA value Assessment IMPACT ON Conservation value Scenic beauty Critiacl habitat Critical breeding Opportunity for Unique dry %level of for the habitat for fish Education and habitat prioritizati endagered spp Research Chimpanzees Total on Rank Management issue HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Dise a se tra nsmission from animals to animals and to humans 1 1 1 2 3 8 53 6 Flooding of the lower parts of the reserve 2 3 1 2 1 9 60 5 Habitat change from grassland to woodland 3 3 1 2 3 12 80 2 Inadequate Education and research facilities 1 1 1 3 1 7 47 7 Climate change 3 3 3 2 3 14 93 1 Invasive species 3 3 2 2 2 12 80 2 Poor waste management 3 2 2 2 2 11 73 4 Some Animal Species extinction e.g. Heart be a st, Lion 2 2 1 2 1 8 53 6 Termites destroying planted trees 1 1 1 1 1 5 33 9

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TORO-SEMLIKI2.3 Capacity WILDLIFE RESERVE development GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.3 Capacity development Conservation value Scenic beauty Critiacl habitat for Critical breeding Opportunity for Unique dry habitat %level of the endagered spp habitat for fish Education and Chimpanzees prioritizati Research Total on Rank Management issue HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Inadequate water sources at ranger posts 1 1 1 1 1 5 33 11

Inadequate employment opportunities 1 1 1 2 2 7 47 10 Inadequate equipment for operations 1 3 3 2 3 12 80 2 Inadequate human capacity development 1 3 3 3 3 13 87 1 Inadequate office equipment 1 2 2 2 2 9 60 6 Inadequate Office furniture 1 1 1 1 1 5 33 11 Inadequate office space 1 2 2 1 2 8 53 8 Inadequate staff 1 3 3 2 3 12 80 2 Inadequate staff accommodation 2 2 2 1 2 9 60 6 Inadequate transport 1 2 2 2 3 10 67 4 Lack of PA store 1 2 2 1 2 8 53 8 Lack of staff exchange visits 1 2 2 3 2 10 67 4 Slow response in handling problem animal cases 1 2 1 2 3 9 60 Poor administrative road network within the PA 2 2 1 2 3 12 80

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2.4 Community conservation 2.4 Community conservation

Scenic beauty Critiacl habitat Critical breeding Opportunity for Unique dry habitat %level of for the habitat for fish Education and Chimpanzees prioritizati Conservation value endagered spp Research Total on Rank Management issue HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Inadequate alternative livelihood projects for local communities 1 2 3 1 3 10 67 7 Inadequate implementation of Environmental Ordinances by the District leadership 1 3 3 1 3 11 73 4 Inadequate benefits from the reserve to the communities 1 2 2 1 2 8 53 11

Inadequate community sensitization and awareness 2 3 3 2 3 13 87 1 Inadequate involvement of communities in conservation e.g. planning for revenue sharing, problem animal mgt, a cce ss, etc) 1 2 2 2 2 9 60 9 Delays in revenue sharing 1 2 2 1 2 8 53 11 Attack of bees and bee hives by Ants 1 1 1 2 1 6 40 16 Conflict between the PA management staff and communities 1 2 2 1 3 9 60 9 Crop raiding 1 2 3 2 3 11 73 4 Inadequate political support for conservation 2 3 3 1 3 12 80 2 Inadequate prioritization of production interventions for communities 1 1 3 2 1 8 53 11

Inadequate resource access by communities 1 2 1 1 1 6 40 16 Problem animals 1 1 1 2 1 6 40 16 Limited involvement of UWA in community initiatives e.g. supporting community groups with IGA- Income generating activities 1 1 1 2 1 6 40 16 Low literacy levels of the communities around the reserve 1 3 2 2 2 10 67 7 Planting palatable crop species near the reserve boundary 1 1 1 2 3 8 53 11 Poverty 1 3 3 2 3 12 80 2 Pre ssure on PA re source s-gra ss, murram, poles, firewood, etc… 2 3 3 2 1 11 73 4 Vermin 1 2 1 2 1 7 47 15

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TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.5 Tourism development and Financial sustainability

2.5 Tourism development and Financial sustainability Scenic beauty Critiacl habitat for Critical breeding Opportunity for Unique dry habitat %level of the endagered spp habitat for fish Education and Chimpanzees prioritizati Conservation value Research Total on Rank Management issue HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Expensive accommodation facilities for the local communities 1 1 1 3 1 7 47 7 Inadequate marketing of the reserve 1 1 1 3 3 9 60 4 Inadequate revenues from the reserve activities 1 3 2 2 3 11 73 2 Inadequate signage in and around the reserve 3 2 2 1 3 11 73 2 Inadequate developed tourism site s in and around the reserve 3 1 1 2 2 9 60 4 Limited tourism products 2 1 1 3 2 9 60 4 Poor tourism infrastructure 3 3 1 2 3 12 80 1

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TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 2.6 Governance and Corporate affairs

2.6 Governance and Corporate affairs Scenic beauty Critical habitat for Critical breeding Opportunity for Unique dry habitat %level of the endagered spp habitat for fish Education and Chimpanzees prioritizati Conservation value Research Total on Rank Management issue HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Lost opportunities due to reserve status of the PA (Reserve visa-vis National Park) 1 2 2 3 3 11 73 3 Inadequate information sharing between stakeholders 1 3 2 3 3 12 80 2 Absence of joint local structures in the management of the PA 1 1 1 1 1 5 33 7 Burial ground allocated to communities as promised by the President not yet demarcated 2 1 1 1 1 6 40 6 Inadequate funds for Reserve Operations 3 3 3 2 3 14 93 1 Unclear wildlife crime reporting lines 1 2 2 1 3 9 60 4 Lack of access road from Kabende subcounty to Kanara town council 1 2 1 1 3 8 53 5

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Appendix 3: BENEFITS FROM THE RESERVE AS IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED

1. Acts as a water catchment area 2. Aesthetic value 3. Attraction to both local and foreign communities for social life 4. Attracts investors hence development of infrastructure 5. Attracts tourism 6. Availability of firewood from the Reserve to the communities 7. Bee keeping 8. Bees for honey and pollination of crops 9. Capacity development of community groups 10. Carbon sink 11. Climate moderation 12. Communities involved in Taungya system of growing trees along the Reserve boundary have benefited from growing crops, building poles and firewood for cooking. 13. Conservation of endangered species 14. Conservation of rare species of animals, plants and other ecosystems 15. Contributes to the quantity of rainfall received in some surrounding villages 16. Contribution to local economic development such as supporting groups around the Reserve 17. Development of infrastructure like roads and lodges that provide employment 18. Education, some students go there to do research 19. Employment opportunities e.g. Game rangers 20. Employment opportunities for the people around in hotels, lodges and restaurants 21. Foreign exchange earnings(income) 22. Game viewing by communities 23. Generating revenue to the Local Governments 24. Good crop yield because of pollination from Insects 25. Good Fish harvest because of protecting breeding areas in the Reserve 26. Helping with poles for fencing 27. Herbal medicine from the Reserve 28. Improved Security due to the presence of UWA personnel 29. Increase income of farmers when produce are sold to the hotels where tourist live 30. Natural beauty(scenery) 31. Nature reserves for both plant and animal species 32. Potential deposits of natural resources like oil/petroleum 33. Presence of recreational places 34. Pride of the Nationals to the outside world 35. Provides raw material for art and craft 36. Revenue sharing 37. Source of revenue to the country 38. Source of thatching materials like spear grass

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 147 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Appendix 4: LIST OF RELATED LEGAL INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS IN UGANDA

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Appendix 5: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR ROLES IDENTIFIED

Stakeholder Roles Concessionaires 1 Semliki safari lodge  Tourism promotion  Provide visitor accommodation  Supplement on the Tourism guiding  Aid in visitor transportation 2 Ntoroko game lodge  Tourism promotion  Provide visitor accommodation  Supplement on the Tourism guiding  Aid in visitor transportation Resource users 1 Karugutu community conservation  Tree planting association (KCCA)  Bee keeping  Handcraft making (Rattan cane, Phoenix leaves, Maranthus cloa-Enjuru)  Conservation Awareness (Music Dance and Drama)  Shoe bill foot ball club 2 Kanara women group  Thatching grass  Monitoring illegal activities in the Resource Access Area 3 Nyekundire tree planting project  Tree planting  Bee keeping  Boundary maintenance 4 Nyaburogo Nature conservation  Tree planting project  Bee keeping  Awareness creation 5 Kakindo Functional Adult Literacy  Tree planting group  Goat rearing  Bee keeping 6 Mujune bee keeping group  Bee keeping 7 Rwebisengo cattle keepers  Control illegal grazing association  Human Wildlife conflict resolution Anti-poaching groups 1 Ibanda 3 anti-poaching group  Awareness on illegal activities 2 Wanka anti-poaching group  Awareness on illegal activities Hoteliers 1 Kyaninga lodge  Tourism marketing  Tourism accommodation  Promotion of new tourism products (in and outside the reserve) 2 Mountains of the moon hotel  Tourism marketing  Tourism accommodation  Promotion of new tourism products (in and outside the reserve) 3 Primate lodge  Tourism marketing  Tourism accommodation  Promotion of new tourism products (in and outside the reserve) 4 Ndali lodge  Tourism marketing  Tourism accommodation  Promotion of new tourism products (in and outside the reserve) Local Government-Districts

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 149 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Stakeholder Roles 1  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Conservation Awareness  Enacting Ordinances  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 2  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting Ordinances  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution Lower Local Government- Subcounties Ntoroko (S/C Touching the reserve) 1 Karugutu town council  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 2 Karugutu Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 3 Nombe Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 4 Bweramule Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 5 Rwebisengo Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 6 Butungama Sub County  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 7 Kanara Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 150 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Stakeholder Roles  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 8 Kanara Town council  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution Kabarole (S/C Touching the reserve) 1 Hakibale Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 2 Harugongo Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 3 Kijura Town council  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution 4 Kabende Sub county  Joint Security management  Joint planning  Enacting bylaws  Conservation Awareness  Provision of Social Services  Conservation related conflict resolution Security agencies 1 Uganda Peoples Defence Forces  Monitor and attend to security threats (UPDF) 2 Uganda Police Force (UPF)  Keep law and order 3 Uganda Prisons Services (UPS)  Keep custody of law offenders- Rehabilitation 4 District Internal Security Office  Intelligence gathering 5 Resident District Commissioners  Monitor Government programs 6 Judiciary  Prosecution of offenders Central Government Agencies 1 Immigration Office  Cross border monitoring of wildlife trafficking 2 National Forestry Authority  Provide tree planting materials  Conservation Awareness  Monitor illegal activities 3 National Environment  Environmental monitoring for threats Management Authority 4 Uganda revenue authority  Cross border monitoring of wildlife trafficking 5 Uganda National Roads Authority  Road maintenance

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 151 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Stakeholder Roles 6 Uganda Tourism Board  Tourism promotion and marketing Government Departments 1 Fisheries department  Control fishing activities on lake Albert 2 Wetlands management  Conservation of wetlands around the Department Reserve 3 Wildlife Conservation Department  Wildlife related Policy reviews and formulation Non-Governmental Organisations 1 Nature Uganda  Bird monitoring 2 Wildlife Conservation Society  Capacity building  Support Research and Monitoring 3 Ride Africa  Community Capacity Building 4 Kabarole resource and Research  Research centre  Management of conflicts 5 Rwenzori Forum for peace and  Research Justice  Management of conflicts 6 Save the children  Capacity building 7 Rwenzori Anti-corruption Coalition  Fight corruption in Rwenzori Region (RAC) Community Based Organisations 1 Faith based organizations  Conservation awareness (Churches/Mosques) 2 Karugutu/Ntoroko Drivers group  Transportation of Visitors 3 Evangelization Strategy For Africa  Conservation awareness (ESFA) 4 Kabarole NGOs and CBOs  Umbrella forum Association (KANCA) Companies/Associations 1 Chinese National Offshore Oil  Oil and gas exploration Corporation (CNOOC) 2 Toro Kahuna tea estate  Problem animal control  Awareness 3 Association of Uganda Tour  Tourism promotion and marketing Operators 4 Local Radios/Newspapers  Awareness  Tourism marketing Researchers 1 Universities-Mountains of the  Research Moon, , etc…. 2 Semliki Chimpanzee project  Research Cultural Institutions 1 Obukama Bwa Toro (OBT)  Conservation Awareness  Promotion of cultural tourism 2 Obudhingiya Bwa Bwamba (OBB)  Conservation Awareness  Promotion of cultural tourism 3 Obusinga Bwa Rwenzururu (OBR)  Conservation Awareness  Promotion of cultural tourism

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 152 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Appendix 6: LIST OF PLANNING TEAM MEMBERS

UWA Headquarters: 1. Mr. Richard Kapere-Manager Planning 2. M/s. Justine Namara- Manager, EIA and Oil monitoring

MTWA: 3. The Principal Wildlife Officer-Ministry of Tourism Wildlife and Antiquities

TSWR Field based staff/CA: 4. Mr. Nelson Guma, Chief Warden-KCA 5. Mr. Benon Mugyerwa, Warden in charge-TSWR 6. Mr. Ronald Tindyebwa- Assistant Warden Tourism-TSWR 7. Mr. Gerald Abitegeka- Assistant Warden Law Enforcement-TSWR 8. M/s. Lavynah Marule Mbambu-Assistant Warden Community Conservation-TSWR 9. Mr.Philemon Tumwebaze, Assistant Warden Monitoring and Research -TSWR

Stakeholders on the team: 10. Mr. Herbert Kamuhanda- Ntoroko District Environment Officer 11. Hon. Nyesiga Barnabas, Kabarole District Councilor-Kabende sub county 12. Kabarole District Community Development Officer 13. Mr. Tumwine Bright Silver, Ntoroko Fisheries Officer 14. M/s. Evelyn Koburungi, Community Development Officer-Ntoroko District

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 153 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 ApAppendixpendix 7 7:: LisLISTt of OFBird BIRD spe cieSPECIESs in TSWR IN TSWR

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii CICONIIDAE

Abyssinian Ground Hornbill Bucorvus abyssinicus BUCEROTIDAE

Afep Pigeon unicincta

African Broadbill Smithornis capensis EURYLAIMIDAE

African Crake Crex egregia RALLIDAE

African Cuckoo Cuculus gularis CUCULIDAE

African Darter Anhinga rufa ANHINGIDAE

African Firefinch Lagonosticta rubricata

African Golden Oriole Oriolus auratus ORIOLIDAE

African Green Pigeon Treron calva COLUMBIDAE

African Harrier Hawk Polyboroides typus ACCIPITRIDAE

African Hoopoe Upupa africana UPUPIDAE

African Marsh Harrier Circus ranivorus ACCIPITRIDAE

African Paradise Flycatcher Terpisiphone viridis MONARCHIDAE

African Penduline Tit Anthoscopus caroli REMIZIDAE

African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp MOTACILLIDAE

African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus ANATIDAE

African Sand Martin Riparia paludicola HIRUNDINIDAE

African Thrush Turdus pelios TURDIDAE

African White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus ACCIPITRIDAE

Alpine Swift Apus melba APODIDAE

Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina NECTARINIIDAE

Angola Swallow Hirundo angolensis HIRUNDINIDAE

Arrow-marked Babbler Turdoides jardineii TIMALIIDAE

Augur Buzzard Buteo rufofuscus ACCIPITRIDAE

Banded Martin Riparia cincta HIRUNDINIDAE

Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus cinerascens ACCIPITRIDAE

Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus ACCIPITRIDAE

Beautiful Sunbird Cinnyris pulchella NECTARINIIDAE

Black and White Casqued Hornbill Bycanistes subcylindricus BUCEROTIDAE

Black and White Cuckoo Oxylophus jacobinus CUCULIDAE

Black and White Flycatcher Bias musicus PLATYSTEIRIDAE

Black and White Mannikin Lonchura bicolor ESTRILDIDAE

Black Bishop Euplectes gierowii PLOCEIDAE

Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostra RALLIDAE

Black Cuckoo Cuculus clamosus CUCULIDAE

Black Cuckoo Shrike CWpephaga flava CWPEPHAGIDAE

Black Flycatcher Melaenornis edoliodes MUSCICAPIDAE

Black Kite Milvus migrans ACCIPITRIDAE

Black Tit Parus leucomelas PARIDAE

Black-bellied Bustard Eupodotis melanogaster OTIDIDAE

Black-billed Turaco Tauraco schuetti MUSOPHAGIDAE

Black-chinned Quailfinch Ortygospiza gabonensis ESTRILDIDAE

Black-crowned Waxbill Estrilda nonnula ESTRILDIDAE

Black-faced Rufous Warbler Bathmocercus rufus SYLVIIDAE

Black-headed Batis Batis minor PLATYSTEIRIDAE

Black-headed Gonolek Laniarius erythrogaster MALACONOTIDAE TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 154 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala ARDEIDAE

Black-headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus ORIOLIDAE

Black-headed Tchagra Tchagra senegala MALACONOTIDAE

Black-headed Weaver Ploceus cucullatus PLOCEIDAE

Black-lored Babbler Turdoides sharpei TIMALIIDAE

Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus ACCIPITRIDAE

Black-shouldered Nightjar Caprimulgus nigriscapularis CAPRIMULGIDAE

Black-throated Honeyguide Indicator indicator INDICATORIDAE

Black-winged Red Bishop Euplectes hordeaceus PLOCEIDAE

Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus RECURVIROSTRIDAE

Blue Quail Coturnix chinensis PHASIANIDAE

Blue-breasted Bee-eater Merops variegatus MEROPIDAE

Blue-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon malimbica ALCEDINIDAE

Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus MEROPIDAE

Blue-naped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus COLIIDAE

Blue-shouldered Robin Chat Cossypha cyanoCWpter TURDIDAE

Blue-spotted Wood Dove Turtur afer COLUMBIDAE

Blue-throated Brown Sunbird Cyanomitra cyanolaema NECTARINIIDAE

Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus CORACIIDAE

Broad-tailed Warbler Schoenicola brevirostris SYLVIIDAE

Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata ESTRILDIDAE

Brown Illadopsis Illadopsis fulvescens TIMALIIDAE

Brown Parrot Poicephalus meyeri PSITTACIDAE

Brown Snake Eagle Circaetus cinereus ACCIPITRIDAE

Brown Twinspot Clytospiza monteiri ESTRILDIDAE

Brown-backed Woodpecker Picoides obsoletus PICIDAE

Brown-headed Tchagra Tchagra australis MALACONOTIDAE

Brown-throated Wattle-eye Platysteira cyanea PLATYSTEIRIDAE

Brubru Nilaus afer MALACONOTIDAE

Buff-bellied Warbler Phyllolais pulchella SYLVIIDAE

Cabanis' Bunting Emberiza cabanisi EMBERIZIDAE

Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens PICIDAE

Carmine Bee-eater Merops nubicus MEROPIDAE

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis ARDEIDAE

Chestnut-bellied Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala ALCEDINIDAE

Chin-spot Batis Batis molitor PLATYSTEIRIDAE

Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater Merops oreobates MEROPIDAE

Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris NECTARINIIDAE

Common Pycononotus barbatus PYCNONOTIDAE

Common Buzzard Buteo buteo ACCIPITRIDAE

Common Fiscal Lanius collaris LANIIDAE

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos SCOLOPACIDAE

Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago SCOLOPACIDAE

Common Striped Grass Rat Lemniscomys striatus MURIDAE

Compact Weaver Ploceus superciliosus PLOCEIDAE

Copper Sunbird Cinnyris cuprea NECTARINIIDAE

Crested Flycatcher Trochocercus cyanomelas MONARCHIDAE

Crested Francolin Francolinus sephaena PHASIANIDAE

Crested Guineafowl Guttera pucherani NUMIDIDAE

Crested Malimbe Malimbus malimbicus PLOCEIDAE TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 155 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Crimson-rumped Waxbill Estrilda rhodopyga ESTRILDIDAE

Croaking Cisticola Cisticola natalensis SYLVIIDAE

Crowned Hornbill Tockus alboterminatus BUCEROTIDAE

Crowned Plover Vanellus coronatus CHARADRIIDAE

Dark Chanting Goshawk Melierax metabates ACCIPITRIDAE

Didric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius CUCULIDAE

Double-toothed Barbet Lybius bidentatus CAPITONIDAE

Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis DICRURIDAE

Dusky Flycatcher Muscicapa adusta MUSCICAPIDAE

Dwarf Bittern Ixobrychus sturmii ARDEIDAE

Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx lecontei ALCEDINIDAE

Eastern Grey Plantain Eater Crinifer zonurus MUSOPHAGIDAE

Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx cupreus CUCULIDAE

Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus ACCIPITRIDAE

Eurasian Swallow Hirundo rustica HIRUNDINIDAE

European [Eurasian] Bee-eater Merops apiaster MEROPIDAE

Fawn-breasted Waxbill Estrilda paludicola ESTRILDIDAE

Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer ACCIPITRIDAE

Flappet Lark Mirafra rufocinnamomea ALAUDIDAE

Franquet's Fruit Bat Epomops franqueti PTEROPODINAE

Giant Kingfisher Megaceryle maxima ALCEDINIDAE

Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus THRESKIORNITHIDAE

Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris EMBERIZIDAE

Goliath Heron Ardea goliath ARDEIDAE

Grassland Pipit [richard's] Anthus cinnamomeus MOTACILLIDAE

Great Blue Turaco Corythaeola cristala MUSOPHAGIDAE

Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus SYLVIIDAE

Great Sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus ACCIPITRIDAE

Great White Egret Egretta alba ARDEIDAE

Greater Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo PHALACROCORACIDAE

Green Crombec Sylvietta virens SYLVIIDAE

Green Hylia Hylia prasina SYLVIIDAE

Green Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus PHOENICULIDAE

Green-backed Eremomela Eremomela scotops SYLVIIDAE

Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus ARDEIDAE

Green-headed Sunbird Cyanomitra verticalis NECTARINIIDAE

Greenshank Tringa nebularia SCOLOPACIDAE

Green-throated Sunbird Chalcomitra rubescens NECTARINIIDAE

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea ARDEIDAE

Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus BUCEROTIDAE

Grey Kestrel Falco ardosiaceus FALCONIDAE

Grey Woodpecker Dendropicos goertae PICIDAE

Grey-backed CWaroptera CWaroptera brachyura SYLVIIDAE

Grey-backed Fiscal Lanius excubitorius LANIIDAE

Grey-capped Warbler Eminia lepida SYLVIIDAE

Grey-headed Gull Larus cirrocephalus LARIDAE

Grey-headed Negrofinch Nigrita canicapilla ESTRILDIDAE

Grey-headed Sparrow Passer griseus PASSERIDAE

Grey-throated Barbet Gymnobucco bonapartei CAPITONIDAE

Grosbeak Weaver Amblyospiza albifrons PLOCEIDAE TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 156 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Hadada Bostrychia hagedash THRESKIORNITHIDAE

Hamerkop Scopus umbretta SCOPIDAE

Helmeted Guinefowl Numida meleagris PHASIANIDAE

Heuglin's Francolin Francolinus icterorhynchus PHASIANIDAE

Holub's Golden Weaver Ploceus xanthops PLOCEIDAE

Honeyguide indicator PYCNONOTIDAE

Hooded Vulture Neophron monachus ACCIPITRIDAE

Horus Swift Apus horus APODIDAE

House Martin Delichon urbica HIRUNDINIDAE

Jacana Actophilornis africanus JACANIDAE

Jackson's Soft-furred Rat Praomys jacksoni MURIDAE

Klaas' Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas CUCULIDAE

Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis COLUMBIDAE

Leaflove scandens PYCNONOTIDAE

Least Long-tailed Forest Shrew Sylvisorex granti SORICIDAE

Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minor INDICATORIDAE

Lesser Swamp Warbler Acrocephalus gracilirostris SYLVIIDAE

Levaillant's Cuckoo Oxylophus levaillantii CUCULIDAE

Light-winged Lesser House Bat Scotoecus albofuscus VESPERTILIONIDAE

Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus MEROPIDAE

Little Egret Egretta garzetta ARDEIDAE

Little Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus labiatus PTEROPODINAE

Little Free-tailed Bat Chaerophon pumila MOLOSSIDAE

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis PODICIPEDIDAE

Little Greenbul Andropadus virens PYCNONOTIDAE

Little Stint Calidris minuta SCOLOPACIDAE

Little Swift Apus affinis APODIDAE

Little Weaver Ploceus luteolus PLOCEIDAE

Long-crested Eagle Lophaetus occipitalis ACCIPITRIDAE

Long-tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus PHALACROCORACIDAE

Long-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus climacurus CAPRIMULGIDAE

Madagascar Bee-eater Merops superciliosus MEROPIDAE

Malachite Kingfisher Alcedo cristata ALCEDINIDAE

Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus CICONIIDAE

Mariqua Sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis NECTARINIIDAE

Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis SCOLOPACIDAE

Marsh Tchagra Tchagra minutus MALACONOTIDAE

Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus ACCIPITRIDAE

Masked Weaver Ploceus intermedius PLOCEIDAE

Mauritian Tomb Bat Taphozous mauritianus EMBALLONURIDAE

Mourning Dove Streptopelia decipiens COLUMBIDAE

Moustached Warbler Melocichla mentalis SYLVIIDAE

Narina's Trogon Apaloderma narina TROGONIDAE

Nicator Nicator chloris PYCNONOTIDAE

Noack's Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros ruber HIPPOSIDERIDAE

Northern Crombec Sylvietta brachyura SYLVIIDAE

Northern Lesser House Bat Scotophilus leucogaster VESPERTILIONIDAE

Northern Puffback Dryoscopus gambensis MALACONOTIDAE

Northern Red Bishop Euplectes franciscanus PLOCEIDAE

Northern Savanna Multimammate Rat Mastomys hildebrandtii MURIDAE TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 157 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe TURDIDAE

Northern White-tailed Bush Lark Mirafra albicauda ALAUDIDAE

Nubian Woodpecker CWpethera nubica PICIDAE

Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida SYLVIIDAE

Olive-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris chloropygia NECTARINIIDAE

Olive-green CWaroptera CWaroptera chloronota SYLVIIDAE

Open-billed Stork Anastomus lamelligerus CICONIIDAE

Osprey Pandion haliaetus ACCIPITRIDAE

Pale Flycatcher Melaenornis pallidus MUSCICAPIDAE

Pale-fronted Negrofinch Nigrita luteifrons ESTRILDIDAE

Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus APODIDAE

Palm-nut Vulture Gypohierax angolensis ACCIPITRIDAE

Pearl-spotted Owlet Glaucidium perlatum STRIGIDAE

Pennant-winged Nightjar Macrodipteryx vexillarius CAPRIMULGIDAE

Piapiac Ptilostomus afer CORVIDAE

Pied Crow Corvus albus CORVIDAE

Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis ALCEDINIDAE

Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens PELECANIDAE

Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura VIDUIDAE

Plain-backed Pipit Anthus leucophrys MOTACILLIDAE

Purple Glossy Starling Lamprotornis purpureus STURNIDAE

Purple Heron Ardea purpurea ARDEIDAE

Purple-breasted Sunbird Nectarinia purpereiventris NECTARINIIDAE

Purple-headed Glossy Starling Lamprotornis purpureiceps STURNIDAE

Pygmy Kingfisher Ceyx picta ALCEDINIDAE

Pygmy Mouse Mus minutoides MURIDAE

Quail Coturnix coturnix PHASIANIDAE

Rattling Cisticola Cisticola chiniana SYLVIIDAE

Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio LANIIDAE

Red-bellied Paradise Flycatcher Terpisiphone rufiventer MONARCHIDAE

Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala ESTRILDIDAE

Red-cheeked Cordon Bleu Uraeginthus bengalus ESTRILDIDAE

Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius CUCULIDAE

Red-chested Sunbird Cinnyris erythroceria NECTARINIIDAE

Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata COLUMBIDAE

Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops SYLVIIDAE

Red-faced Crombec Sylvietta whytii SYLVIIDAE

Red-headed Bluebill Spermophaga ruficapilla ESTRILDIDAE

Red-headed Quelea Quelea erythrops PLOCEIDAE

Red-headed Weaver Anaplectes rubriceps PLOCEIDAE

Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera FALCONIDAE

Red-necked Spurfowl Francolinus afer PHASIANIDAE

Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica HIRUNDINIDAE

Red-shouldered Cuckoo Shrike CWpephaga phoenicea CWPEPHAGIDAE

Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus TURDIDAE

Red-tailed Bristlebill Bleda syndactyla PYCNONOTIDAE

Red-throated Bee-eater Merops bullocki MEROPIDAE

Red-winged Warbler Heliolais erythroptera SYLVIIDAE

Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola COLUMBIDAE

Ross' Turaco Musophaga rossae MUSOPHAGIDAE TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 158 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Rufous-chested Swallow Hirundo semirufa HIRUNDINIDAE

Rufous-naped Lark Mirafra africana ALAUDIDAE

Ruppell's Long-tailed Glossy Starling Lamprotornis purpuropterus STURNIDAE

Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica THRESKIORNITHIDAE

Saddle-billed Stork Ephipiiorhynchus senegalensis CICONIIDAE

Sand Martin Riparia riparia HIRUNDINIDAE

Scarlet-chested Sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis NECTARINIIDAE

Scimitarbill Phoeniculus cyanomelas PHOENICULIDAE

Scops Owl Otus scops STRIGIDAE

Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus SYLVIIDAE

Semi-collared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata MUSCICAPIDAE

Senegal Coucal Centropus senegalensis CUCULIDAE

Senegal Plover Vanellus lugubris CHARADRIIDAE

Shikra Accipiter badius ACCIPITRIDAE

Shining-blue Kingfisher Alcedo quadribrachys ALCEDINIDAE

Shoebill Balaeniceps rex BALAENICIPITIDAE

Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus ACCIPITRIDAE

Siffling Cisticola Cisticola brachyptera SYLVIIDAE

Singing Cisticola Cisticola cantans SYLVIIDAE

Slender-billed Greenbul Andropadus gracilirostris PYCNONOTIDAE

Snowy-headed Robin Chat Cossypha niveicapilla TURDIDAE

Sooty Chat Myrmecocichla nigra TURDIDAE

Southern Red Bishop Euplectes orix PLOCEIDAE

Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus COLIIDAE

Spectacled Weaver Ploceus ocularis PLOCEIDAE

Splendid Glossy Starling Lamprotornis splendidus STURNIDAE

Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata MUSCICAPIDAE

Spotted Morning Thrush Cichladusa guttata TURDIDAE

Spur-winged Plover Vanellus spinosus CHARADRIIDAE

Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides ARDEIDAE

Standard-winged Nightjar Macrodipteryx longipennis CAPRIMULGIDAE

Stella Wood Mouse Hylomyscus stella MURIDAE

Striped Kingfisher Halcyon chelicuti ALCEDINIDAE

Striped Swallow Hirundo abyssinica HIRUNDINIDAE

Sulphur-breasted Bush Shrike Malaconotus sulfureopectus MALACONOTIDAE

Swamp Flycatcher Muscicapa aquatica MUSCICAPIDAE

Tambourine Dove Turtur tympanistria COLUMBIDAE

Tawny/Steppe Eagle Aquila rapax ACCIPITRIDAE

Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava SYLVIIDAE

Temminck's Courser Cursorius temminckii GLAREOLIDAE

Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis MOTACILLIDAE

Trilling Cisticola Cisticola woosnami SYLVIIDAE

Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus MALACONOTIDAE

Uganda Spotted Woodpecker Dendropicos poecilolaemus PICIDAE

Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venusta NECTARINIIDAE

Verreaux's Eagle Owl Bubo lacteus STRIGIDAE

Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata VIDUIDAE

Vinaceous Dove Streptopelia vinacea COLUMBIDAE

Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster STURNIDAE

Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes longuemarei NECTARINIIDAE TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 159 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30

SPE_NAME GENUS SPECIES FAMILY

Wahlberg's Eagle Aquila wahlbergi ACCIPITRIDAE

Water Thicknee Burhinus vermiculatus BURHINIDAE

Wattled Plover Vanellus senegallus CHARADRIIDAE

Waxbill Estrilda astrild ESTRILDIDAE

Whinchat Saxicola rubetra TURDIDAE

Whistling Cisticola Cisticola lateralis SYLVIIDAE

White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus PELECANIDAE

White-browed Coucal Centropus superciliosus CUCULIDAE

White-browed Robin Chat Cossypha heuglini TURDIDAE

White-browed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys TURDIDAE

White-crowned Shrike Eurocephalus rueppelli LANIIDAE

White-fronted Black Chat Myrmecocichla albifrons TURDIDAE

White-headed Barbet Lybius leucocephalus CAPITONIDAE

White-headed Roughwing Psalidoprocne albiceps HIRUNDINIDAE

White-headed Vulture Aegypius occipitalis ACCIPITRIDAE

White-rumped Swift Apus caffer APODIDAE

White-spotted Flufftail Sarothrura pulchra RALLIDAE

White-tailed Ant Thrush Neocossyphus poensis TURDIDAE

White-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus natalensis CAPRIMULGIDAE

White-throated Bee-eater Merops albicollis MEROPIDAE

White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus STERNIDAE

White-winged Widowbird Euplectes albonotatus PLOCEIDAE

Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus SYLVIIDAE

Winding Cisticola Cisticola galactotes SYLVIIDAE

Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii HIRUNDINIDAE

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola SCOLOPACIDAE

Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis ALCEDINIDAE

Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava MOTACILLIDAE

Yellow-bellied Hyliota Hyliota flavigaster SYLVIIDAE

Yellowbill Ceuthmochares aereus CUCULIDAE

Yellow-billed Egret Egretta intermedia ARDEIDAE

Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis CICONIIDAE

Yellow-fronted Canary Serinus mozambicus FRINGILLIDAE

Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus CAPITONIDAE

Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird Pogoniulus bilineatus CAPITONIDAE

Yellow-throated Leaflove flavicollis PYCNONOTIDAE

Yellow-throated Longclaw Macronyx croceus MOTACILLIDAE

Yellow-whiskered Greenbul Andropadus latirostris PYCNONOTIDAE

Yellow-winged Bat Lavia frons MEGADERMATIDAE

Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis SYLVIIDAE

(SOURCCE: List of Bird sightings from 1993-2002)

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 160 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Appendix 8: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS DURING STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

Karugutu 6th / 03/ 2017 40. BENON MUGYERWA Names of attendants 41. KABAGAMBE .L 42. TIBAGWA JOSEPH 1. KYALIGONZA ABUBAKAR. Y 43. KIGHULIRO MATAYO 2. KOBURUNGI EVELYN 44. BWEMBALI AMON 3. TUMWINE BRIGHT 45. RUSOKE .J 4. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 46. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 5. BAMWENDYAKI .B STEPHEN 47. NYESIGA BANARBAS 6. THEMBO ABDU NOOR 48. KAPERE RICHARD 7. BWAMBALE YOSIYA OJENGO 8. ATEGEKA PATRICK Rwebisengo Town council 9. BIRUNGI JOSEPHINE 7th / 03/ 2017 10. BAHUWERE .L 11. NDOBYA SARAH 1. TWINOMUGISHA DEUS 12. KATO MOZA 2. ABITEGEKA GERALD 13. KIIZA SLYVESTER AKIIKI 3. MUNTU JOSHUA 14. CHARLES BAMUBOHO 4. AGABOMWE ALEX 15. KUGONZA ROBERT 5. BAGUMA MOSES 16. BALUKU IBRAHIM 6. TUMWINE BRIGHT 17. MUGISA GEORGE WILLIAMS 7. BAIZA CHARLES 18. MUKONYEZI AMOS 8. ITUMBA ROBERT 19. ASP OPILA .C 9. MUTEGEKI JEMIMAH 20. TWINOMUGISHA .D 10. NDOLERIRE ERIMUS 21. ABITEGEKA GERALD 11. KABOYO NAUME 22. JUSTINE NAMARA 12. KULE YOWASI 23. MULUNGA MOSES 13. BWAMBALE MUTHAKA 24. SHEM BIHANIKIRE 14. MWESIGE SEEZI 25. MAATE RAPHAEL .G 15. IRUMBA .S 26. MUSABE LILIAN 16. KASAIJA KENNETH 27. HAPPY MOSES 17. KOBURUNGI EVELYN 28. ALLELUA VINCENT 18. RUHWEZ OMUHEREZ 29. MUKUEDI INNOCENT 19. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 30. KAHUNGU NOAH 20. KOBUSINGE BETTY 31. NINSIIMA BENJAMIN 21. BENON MUGYERWA 32. TUMUSIIME BRIAN 22. KARAMAGI JOHN 33. AMANIYO .M 23. KAKIIZA ASA 34. BALINDA RICHARD 24. SUNDAY DANIEL 35. KENGONZI AFUSA 25. MUGISA KASIMU 36. KULE YONA 26. MUSINGUZI .B CHRIS ROBERT 37. NJURA ROSET 27. MAATE .S ELIJAH 38. KYAMAISO MARY 28. BAGUMA FRANCIS 39. MUTHAHINGA BEN 29. ABYEBWA .M

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 161 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 30. KAPERE RICHARD 10. TUMUHIMBISE KETRAH 31. NYERIGE .B 11. MUKONYEZI RICHARD 32. BUSINGE MUSA 12. BENON MUGYERWA 33. RUSOOKE .J 13. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 34. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 14. ABITEGEKA GERALD 15. TWINOMUGISHA DEUS Kanera Town council 16. JUSTINE NAMARA 7th / 03/ 2017 17. KOBURUNGI EVELYN 18. BIRYOMUMAISHO BONNY 1. BWAMBALE EDWARD 19. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 2. MUHWEZI ISMAIL 20. KAPERE RICHARD 3. ANKUNDA MONICA 21. HARIET KIZZA 4. BAKASWARA ROSE 22. NYESIGA BANARBAS 5. BABIENDA .R 23. BYANGABE MOSES 6. BIRUNGI EDWARD 7. BUSINGE NATHANIEL Ntoroko District Headquarters 8. WILLIAM BWONGYERERWA 9th / 03/ 2017 9. BUSINGE YAHAYA 10. DRACICI JOSHUA 1. DR. ASIIMWE TADDEO BARWOGEZA 11. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 2. MUGUME BAROS JOHN 12. JUSTINE NAMARA 3. MUHESI BENA HEZRON 13. KOBURUNGI EVELYN 4. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 14. ABAITEGEKA GERALD 5. FRIDAY CHRISTOPHER (MAPS) 15. TWINOMUGISHA .D 6. MATAL NORBE 16. KOU .DAVID 7. MUGUME SHABAN 17. TUMWINE BRIGHT .S 8. MUJUNI BONUS 18. NYESIGA BANARBAS 9. BUSEBOZ IVAN 19. RUSOOKE .J 10. MATHAHINGA BEN 20. HAJARA TWINE 11. ESOLLO GODFREY 21. KAPERE RICHARD 12. MASEREKA NOAH 22. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 13. MUGUME NASHIRI 14. BUKOMBI LAZARUS RESOURCE USERS – 15. BAGONZA MUSITAFA Karuguta Town council 16. MUSOBOZI SOLOMON 8th / 03/ 2017 17. KIDAWALIME DENIS 18. BINTA ROBERT RWAMUHOKYA 1. TUMWINE BRIGHT 19. TUMWESIGE LAMECK KYAZZE 2. MUTEGEKI SALIM 20. BENON MUGYERWA 3. BISANGA AGNES 21. KWIKIRIZA HERBERT 4. BWAMBARE FRED 22. KYAMANYWA TIMOTHY 5. KISEMBO AGUSTINE 23. AHEEBWA JAMALI 6. MPABASI IBRAHIM 24. MUSINGUZI ROBERT 7. KAKARANGI MATAYO 25. TUMWINE BRIGHT 8. ASIIMWE JOHN 26. JESSICA BAHATI 9. RUBALITA STARNELY 27. COMEBOY MOSES TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 162 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 28. BAZARA ANTHONY 18. KOBURUGYE EVELYN 29. KAGANDA STEPHEN 19. TUMWINE SYLVER .B 30. KUSEMERERWA MOUREEN 20. HON. MWESIGE CHRISTOPHER 31. MASEREKA GEORGE 21. BRIGHT KASSIM 32. MUSEMEZA WILSON 22. HON. MUGISA JULIUS 33. HON. BEYUNGA SILVER 23. ANKUNDA BRENDAH 34. TWINOMUGISHA DEUS 24. MARVIN MAGARRA 35. KATO MOZA 25. BWEGENDAHO TOM 36. ABITEGEKA GERALD 26. KABWONGERA ROSEMARY 37. KAHUMA EDWARD 27. ELAMA JOHNSON 38. MUTEGEKI MOSES 28. MUSUMBA GODFERY 39. MUGISA FRIDAY 29. HON. NYEMERA SAM 40. DR. BAGONZA PATRICK BUSINGE 30. MAKONE CLOVINCE 41. NELSON GUMA 31. MUGISA TADEO 42. HIS WORHSIP MULINDWA NATHAN 32. BENON MUGYERWA 43. KOBURUNGI EVELYN 44. MAGEZI ABDUL Kijura Town council 45. AMANYIRE MOSES 10th / 03/ 2017 46. BWAMBALE PAUL 47. RUSOKE JAMES 1. BYARUGABA JOSEPHAT 48. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 2. RWATOORO MUHAMADI RUSOKE 49. KAPERE RICHARD 3. TWINOMUGISHA DEUS 50. NYESIGA BARNABAS 4. MUGISHA INNOCENT 5. GAKYARO GONZAGA Harugongo Sub county 6. THOMAS BYAMUKAMA 10th / 03/ 2017 7. KIHIKA PATRICK 8. KAYALENWE MOSES 1. AHEBWA SOLOMON 9. MUBANGIZI ALEX 2. KYAISE SOWEDI 10. BENON MUGYERWA 3. NKWENGE YUSTA 11. KAMANYIRE PATRICK CHRIS 4. KIBIRA RASHID 12. TUMWEBAZE DOLICA 5. KOMUJUNI HARRIET 13. NTEYONZA LAWRENCE 6. NKWENGE JOSELINE 14. KOBURINGI EVELYN 7. MPAKANI ROBERT 15. KAPERE RICHARD 8. NSIIMA CLIVE 16. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 9. ABITEGEKA GERALD 17. NYESIGE BARNABAS 10. MWEHONGE FESTO .K 18. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 11. MUTEGEKI ROBERT 19. RUSOOKE JAMES 12. MWIMMUBI PATRICK 20. TUMWINE .B SYLVIA 13. KAMUHANDA .H 21. MASEREKA TUBUHA .S 14. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 22. TUHAISE ROSELINE 15. KAKIZE SIMON 23. KABAGAMBE JOHN 16. KAPERE RICHARD 24. BAKESIGA LAWRENCE 17. RUSOOKE JAMES 25. MONDAY ISMAIL

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 163 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 26. KABAHANGUZI JANE 12. TWINOMUGISHA DEUS 27. KATUMBA IRENE 13. ABITEGEKA GERALD 28. BIRUNGA GRACE 14. FELIX BASIIME 29. ALIGANYIRA SAMUEL 15. DR. SAM MUGUME 30. KATUSHABE JAMES 16. KUNIHIRA EDGA 31. TULIHABWE DAVID 17. MANYINDO EMMY 32. BEYANGA ELLY 18. KAMANYIRE EMMANUEL 33. MANYINDO NAYERA 19. NYESIGA BANARBAS 20. KABANYAKA CHRISTINE Koikoi cultural centre, 21. KALYEBANA .P district level meeting 22. AINGANIZA STEPHEN 13th / 03/ 2017 23. ROBERT KYOMUHENDO 24. KYORAMPE STELLA 1. MUHAIRWE TIMOTHY 25. SP MUSA TIBAKIRANA 2. RWAMUHUMBU JOSHUA 26. MASIKA ESTHER 3. KAKYO OYRA 27. MUGISHA DAVID 4. RUYONZA GODFREY 28. MWESIGE MICHEAL 5. MUGUME VINCENT ARAALI 29. MUSINGUZI PETER 6. MONDAY CHRISTOPHER 30. VICTOR JEREMIAH 7. ALINDA PETER 31. KOBURUNGI EVELYN 8. ASIIMWE STEPHEN 32. KAMUHANDA HERBERT 9. BENON MUGYERWA 33. RUSOOKE JAMES 10. NELSON GUMA 34. KAPEERE RICHARD 11. ASIIMWE WILSON 35. TUMWINE .B SYLVER

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 164 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 Appendix 9: SUMMARY OF THE END OF 2001-2017 GMP EVALUATION REPORT

Evaluation Type and Purpose On expiry of the GMP, an end of term evaluation was conducted to comprehensively analyze the ten years’ achievements of the PA in comparison with the plan and also ascertain the effectiveness and value of the management programs to the neighbouring communities and Districts, UWA management and the country as a whole.

Evaluation Type This was an end of term evaluation that covering the ten years’ implementation period of the GMP.

Evaluation Purpose The purpose of the evaluation was; To ascertain the impact of the reserve by assessing the extent to which the ten year GMP management programs were implemented in achieving the overall goal of the PA and providing specific, practical recommendations for subsequent GMP planning.

The evaluation had the following specific objectives; 1. To assess the alignment of the PA GMP, with all enabling policies and legislations, SP and M&E processes. 2. To assess the relevance and impact of the respective management programmes. 3. To assess the effectiveness of the strategies and interventions applied by the PA in all its five management programmes to achieve its goal. 4. To assess the sustainability of program interventions and achievements. 5. To analyze any challenges that affected the implementation processes in the ten years. 6. To give practical recommendations for subsequent planning, implementation, management, monitoring and review of management programs.

Scope of evaluation The Evaluation covered a period of ten years of the GMP implementation (2007-2017) and all the five programs of the GMP which included; Resource Conservation and Management, Tourism Development, Community Conservation, Reserve Operations and Maintenance, Monitoring and Research. The samples of the various target groups interviewed in both communities and the Reserve varied depending on the kind of information that was required. The process covered political and community leaders, community groups, and other organisations with interest in conservation.

Review Methodology The method used in the evaluation were participatory with different categories of stakeholders and staff ranging from the CW KCA to the staff of TSWR actively participating. Qualitative data collection methods were employed as a primary methodology with various/ a combination of techniques and tools. For instance, focus group discussions were centred on a specific topic but led by a questionnaire with open-ended questions; and key informants’ interviews had a questionnaire with both open and close ended questions all aiming at getting the same information.

The evaluation team kept it in mind that it was highly desirable to measure multiple outcomes and gather

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 165 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 data from multiple sources (triangulation).

Data collection and analysis

Secondary Data Collection Document review was carried at UWA Headquarters, PA and the CA level to verify the information flow from the PA to the CA headquarters. The documents reviewed included; TSWR GMP 2007-2017, SP 2007-2012, AOPs and Annual reports for the evaluation period that were available. Through document review, the evaluation team was able to critically learn and analyze the PA back ground information especially on the PA programs’ implementation processes, achievements attained during the period along with challenges that impacted implementation.

Primary Data Collection Primary data was collected through a number of methods including; face-to-face interviews with key Informants who included the CAM KCA, WIC TSWR, the Concessioner, LCIII Ntoroko District and other leaders, group discussions with a number of staff, focus group discussions for interest groups and beneficiaries like Kanara Resource user group, field visits and observation to outposts, encroached areas (escarpment) and the area affected with invasive species.

Further information was obtained through administering questionnaires to CAM, Warden in Charge and the heads of programs. All key informants were carefully selected to target the five management programmes. Selection of participants for the focus group discussions to into consideration the involvement/ participation of both men and women.

Key Evaluation Questions The questions below were comprehensive and attempted to cover all the major issues that the evaluation meant to cover. These were developed basing on the specific objectives in the ToR and information obtained from the documents. They provided a basis clear understanding of what the GMP was set out to achieve. 1. How well was the PA GMP aligned with all enabling policies and legislations, SP and M&E processes? 2. What is the relevance and impacts of the respective management programmes? 3. How effective were the strategies and interventions applied by the PA in all its five management programmes to achieve its goal? 4. What are some of the challenges that affected the implementation processes in the ten years? 5. How sustainable are the program interventions and achievements? 6. What practical recommendations can be generated to inform the subsequent planning, implementation, management, monitoring and review of management programs?

Data analysis Data analysis was an ongoing process during the entire exercise and it included recording reflective notes about what the team was learning from the data being collected.

Qualitative Analysis The first step of this analysis process involved reading the full transcripts, becoming familiar with the data, and

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 166 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 noting the themes and concepts that emerge. When all the matrices were complete with coding, an analysis was done to assign meaning to emergent themes and concepts. This explored patterns of similarities in data collected at Headquarter, CA and PA level.

Data Quality Control The following steps were taken to ensure quality of the entire evaluation process: 1. Careful planning and development of the tools to be used for data collection was done. 2. The evaluation team were trained in order to standardize the procedures of data collection 3. The PA staff were sensitized on the usefulness of the evaluation exercise. 4. Pre-testing and adjustment of evaluation instruments was done prior to the actual data collection in the field. 5. Supervision and on spot consultation among the team members to arrive at consensus in case of uncertainty 6. Collected data was checked for completeness and accuracy at the end of each day Limitations

M&E Framework The GMP under evaluation never had a described monitoring and evaluation framework. This made it hard to critically establish the outcomes and effects of the plan. For example, the programs never had goal and there were no program goals to feed into the overall PA goal.

Reporting Most of the reporting was done at activity level and this made it hard to establish the proper results of the plan. The implementation process was activity oriented rather than focusing on outputs.

Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations Findings are based on evidence provided either from documents through document review or provided by key informants through interviews and focus group discussion and direct observation.

TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 167 TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020/21 – 2029/30 REFERENCES 1) MTWA, 2013. Tourism Policy of Uganda 2) MWE, 2002. Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment; The National Forest Plan. 3) MWE, 2003. National Forestry and Tree Planting Act. 4) NEMA, 2002. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 5) NEMA, 2012. Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Albertine Graben 6) NEMA, 2015. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan II (2015-2025) 7) NPA, 2015-2020. National Development Plan II 8) Plumptre etal, (2016). Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda, WCS. Uganda 9) UBOS, 2014. Uganda Statistical Abstracts 10) UBOS, 2017. The National Population and Housing Census 2014 – Area Specific Profile Series, Kampala, Uganda. 11) UWA, 2007. Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve General Management plan (2007–2017). 12) UWA, 2013.Uganda Wildlife Authority Strategic Plan 2013-2018. 13) UWA, 2014. Uganda Wildlife Policy 14) UWA, 2017. Uganda Wildlife Authority Annual Reports 15) UWA, PAA report 2019. Protected Area Assessment report 16) UWA,2000. Uganda Wildlife Act, cap 200 of the laws of Uganda 17) Vision 2040. The National vision

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W A A Growing Population of Uganda Kobs in the Reserve 7 Kira Road Kamwokya, P.O.Box, Kampala Uganda Tel: +256 414 355 000, Fax: +256 414 546 291 TSWR GMP 2020/21 - 2029/30 TSWR GMP 2020/21Email: - 2029/30 info@ wildlife.go.ug, facebook,.com/ugandawildlifeauthority 169 twitter.com/ugandawildlife