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1 Aesthetic Judgment and the Transcultural Apprehension Of
Social Aesthetics and Moral Judgment: Pleasure, Reflection and Accountability, ed. Jennifer McMahon, London and New York: Routledge, 2018, pp. 161-179. Aesthetic Judgment and the Transcultural Apprehension of Material Things Ivan Gaskell Abstract: This paper is an attempt to examine aspects of the consequences of the transfer of individual culturally charged material items (principally artefacts) between societies that have different cultural values. This is an especially urgent matter, epistemologically, aesthetically, and ethically, when the societies concerned are likely to develop or are already in an unequal power relationship. One pressing set of circumstances in which individual material items changed hands was the expansion of European (in the extended sense) interests in the sixteenth through twentieth centuries. Many of the things acquired by Europeans entered collections initially or eventually devoted to the emerging field of ethnography. In this paper I claim that when an object moves from one society to another, one or more of three attitudes is in play, each of which involves aesthetic judgment: (1) supersession: the new users employ and interpret it solely on their own terms without regard to the uses and interpretations of its earlier users, either oblivious to those earlier uses, or purposefully to expunge them; (2) assumption: the new users discern familiar characteristics that they value, including aesthetic characteristics, and that they assume earlier users also discerned and valued; (3) translation: the new users attempt to learn the terms of use, interpretation and value of the earlier users by means of cultural acquisition and translation, acknowledging that these may differ from their own wholly or in part, but in the belief that their acquisition will bring them advantages. -
Sacred Kingship: Cases from Polynesia
Sacred Kingship: Cases from Polynesia Henri J. M. Claessen Leiden University ABSTRACT This article aims at a description and analysis of sacred kingship in Poly- nesia. To this aim two cases – or rather island cultures – are compared. The first one is the island of Tahiti, where several complex polities were found. The most important of which were Papara, Te Porionuu, and Tautira. Their type of rulership was identical, so they will be discussed as one. In these kingdoms a great role was played by the god Oro, whose image and the belonging feather girdles were competed fiercely. The oth- er case is found on the Tonga Islands, far to the west. Here the sacred Tui Tonga ruled, who was allegedly a son of the god Tangaloa and a woman from Tonga. Because of this descent he was highly sacred. In the course of time a new powerful line, the Tui Haa Takalaua developed, and the Tui Tonga lost his political power. In his turn the Takalaua family was over- ruled by the Tui Kanokupolu. The tensions between the three lines led to a fierce civil war, in which the Kanokupolu line was victorious. The king from this line was, however, not sacred, being a Christian. 1. INTRODUCTION Polynesia comprises the islands situated in the Pacific Ocean within the triangle formed by the Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and New Zealand. The islanders share a common Polynesian culture. This cultural unity was established already in the eighteenth century, by James Cook, who ob- served during his visit of Easter Island in 1774: In Colour, Features, and Languages they [the Easter Islanders] bear such an affinity to the People of the more Western isles that no one will doubt that they have the same Origin (Cook 1969 [1775]: 279, 354–355). -
'Classification' of the Late Eighteenth Century Pacific
Empirical Power, Imperial Science: Science, Empire, and the ‘Classification’ of the Late Eighteenth Century Pacific A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Justin Wyatt Voogel Ó Copyright Justin Wyatt Voogel, September 2017 All Rights Reserved Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History Arts and Science Admin Commons Room 522, Arts Building University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 Canada i Abstract The Pacific of the mid eighteenth century was far removed from what it would become by the first decade of the nineteenth. -
Oceanic Encounters
Chapter 4 A Reconsideration of the Role of Polynesian Women in Early Encounters with Europeans: Supplement to Marshall Sahlins’ Voyage around the Islands of History Serge Tcherkézoff Europeans have been losing their way in the Pacific from the beginning when early explorers made up for navigational errors by claiming inhabited islands as new discoveries. Never mind that the islanders had simultaneously discovered the explorers, no doubt with a fair bit of despair and surprise, but since it took years for islanders to learn the tiny scratches that the visitors called writing, the European claims had a head start in the history books. (Aiavao 1994) Je n'ai jamais pu concevoir comment et de quel droit une nation policée pouvait s'emparer d'une terre habitée sans consentement de ses habitants. (Marchand 1961, 253) Ethnohistorical work on first and subsequent early encounters between Polynesians and Europeans remained focused on particular archipelagoes, which has meant that comparative hypotheses spanning the entire Polynesian region have not emerged. Moreover, it has been conducted mainly in eastern Polynesia (including Aotearoa), thus leaving aside the western part of the region.1 In this chapter I examine early encounters in Samoa, from western Polynesia, and also reconsider the Tahitian case, from eastern Polynesia, thus building a comparison of the nature of these early encounters across the region. The focus of the chapter is the apparent sexual offers that women made to the newcomers. If we go back to a number of journals written during the early voyages which have still not been studied in as much detail as they deserve, namely La Pérouse's journal and, for Bougainville's expedition, those of Nassau and Fesche,2 we can see that a crucial aspect of these apparent sexual offers ± 113 Oceanic Encounters the ªgirls' very youngº age and their ªweepingº ± has been overlooked. -
Captain Bligh's Second Voyage to the South Sea
Captain Bligh's Second Voyage to the South Sea By Ida Lee Captain Bligh's Second Voyage To The South Sea CHAPTER I. THE SHIPS LEAVE ENGLAND. On Wednesday, August 3rd, 1791, Captain Bligh left England for the second time in search of the breadfruit. The "Providence" and the "Assistant" sailed from Spithead in fine weather, the wind being fair and the sea calm. As they passed down the Channel the Portland Lights were visible on the 4th, and on the following day the land about the Start. Here an English frigate standing after them proved to be H.M.S. "Winchelsea" bound for Plymouth, and those on board the "Providence" and "Assistant" sent off their last shore letters by the King's ship. A strange sail was sighted on the 9th which soon afterwards hoisted Dutch colours, and on the loth a Swedish brig passed them on her way from Alicante to Gothenburg. Black clouds hung above the horizon throughout the next day threatening a storm which burst over the ships on the 12th, with thunder and very vivid lightning. When it had abated a spell of fine weather set in and good progress was made by both vessels. Another ship was seen on the 15th, and after the "Providence" had fired a gun to bring her to, was found to be a Portuguese schooner making for Cork. On this day "to encourage the people to be alert in executing their duty and to keep them in good health," Captain Bligh ordered them "to keep three watches, but the master himself to keep none so as to be ready for all calls". -
Uhm Ma 3030 R.Pdf
.r--.. 'J/... c·"- ·.rl... .. .. "VERSITY OF HAWNI LIBRARY E NA HALAU HULA, NANA KAKOU IA LAKA (LOOK TO THE SOURCE): FINDING BALANCE BETWEEN THE PRACTICE OF HULA FOREST GATHERING AND THE ECOLOGICAL REALITIES OF HAWAH'S NATIVE FORESTS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN GEOGRAPHY DECEMBER 2002 By Shirley Naomi Kanani Garcia Thesis committee: Brian Murton, Chairperson Deborah Woodcock Les Sponsel ABSTRACf This thesis contends that the impact halau hula are having on Hawaii's native forests is born from many different social, cultural, and ecological factors. This thesis goes on to argue that it is hula's intimate link to the forests ofHawai'i, through Laka - the ancestor, that makes the problem ofdamaging gathering practices so antithetical and, also, so readily resolved. The thesis concludes by offering that the answer to regaining balance between cultural practice and modern ecological realities lies in the ancestor Laka. In the attributes and values ofLaka is where halau hula can look for inspiration and proper behavior while in her realm, the beautiful and mysterious forests of Hawai'i. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i List of Figures ii Photographs iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Forest Gathering by Halau Hula 1 Objectives 3 Methodology 5 Hula, Environmental Beliefs, and Values 7 Organization 17 Chapter 2: Significance of Plant Life to the Hawaiian Culture 18 Birth of the Hawaiian People 18 Birth of the Hula 22 Hula -
Costa 1951 R.Pdf
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII LIBRARY DANCE IN THE SOCIETY AND HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AS PRSSH5KED BY THE EARLY Y.RITUR3, 1767-1842 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THS GRADUATE DIVISION C7 THE UNIVERSITY 07 HAVJAII IN PARTIAL FÜIFIILKENT 07 THS KEQPIHEIIENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS JUNE 1951 Mazeppa( Kinet'i Costa RULES ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAVA 11 RAY s i. 1948. VITH REGARD TO THE REPRODUCTION OF MASTERS THESES ■. - ^ 1* ■ • la) No person or corporation nay publish or reproduce in any manner, without the consent of the Board of Regents, a thesis which has been submitted to the University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree, (b 1 No individual or corporation or-other-organization may publish quotations or excerpts fron a graduate thesis without the consent of the author and ol the University. ~~—¿w :.*' Ä/<cvW (L b s fu ■ lil . A TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...................................................................................................................................... i i LIST CF TABLES.................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER I . THE DANCE IN THE SOCIETY ISLANDS............................................. 1 1. General Observations end RemarKs ..................................... 1 2. Place of Dance ......................................... 5 3. Music and Instruments -
The Story of HMS Pandora
The Pandora Story Although reasonably successful in her challenging mission— capturing 14 of the 25 Bounty mutineers in Tahiti—HMS Pandora came to grief on the Great Barrier Reef. She was hulled on what’s now known as Pandora Reef, and sank in 30 metres of water, 120 km east of Cape York. Many died—crew and prisoners alike. But there were many more amazing feats of survival and seamanship. In this section, we explore the events surrounding the Pandora’s final voyage … Oswald Brett's impression of the Pandora's last moments afloat. Captain Bligh's remarkable story of survival The Bounty mutineers set Captain William Bligh adrift with 18 men in an eight-metre, two-masted launch. He had been allowed to take some navigational equipment and papers, and enough food to last for five days. The 19 castaways tried to supplement their rations with food from Tofua. All but one escaped with their lives following an attack by hostile Tofuans. Fearing to make another landfall, Bligh decided to head straight for Timor-about 3600 (nautical) miles (about 6480 km) away. "We had no relief with the day save its light. The sea was constantly breaking over us and kept two persons bailing, and we had no choice how to steer for we were obliged to keep before the waves to avoid filling the boat." Dodd Bounty (Bligh's journal entry for 14 May 1789) The cold and wet conditions in the launch were agonising. The exhausted men bailed constantly. What little food they had quickly became wet and almost inedible. -
The Botanist
asian diasporic visual cultures and the americas 1 (2015) 179-183 brill.com/adva The Botanist Alexander Lee Guest Artist Lecturer, Centre des Métiers d’Art de Polynésie Française, Tahiti [email protected] The Botanist is a new series of works where I revisit the theme of the uru (breadfruit), continuing my investigation into the cultural narratives of the island of Tahiti, where I grew up. The breadfruit tree and its leaves appeared to me as a subject as I was raking leaves in my hometown of Mahina (Tahiti), a meditative gesture I have been accustomed to since my childhood: the sound of the metal rake on moist earth, the cracking of dried leaves under the towering trees, and finally the fire to dispose of it all and ward off mosquitoes and evil spirits. It was all there. There is a Tahitian legend that tells the story of Rua-ta’ata, a man who trans- formed his body into a breadfruit tree in order to save his family from famine. As a child I was fascinated by the images this legend conjured: the transforma- tion of Rua-ta’ata’s body into a tree trunk, his arms into branches, hands into leaves, and his head into a fruit to be eaten by his own wife and children. It is fantastical, cannibalistic, sensual, almost biblical, and talks about survival, sac- rifice, and perenniality. Gilles Deleuze wrote about the concept of “becoming animal” and in this case, I wondered how one could become vegetal. Uru also has a colonial history. On his first voyage of discovery, James Cook landed in Matavai Bay—in the district of Mahina—with the mission to follow the Transit of Venus. -
Learning and Training Education in Eighteenth-Century Traditional Polynesia
HENRI J.M. CLAESSEN Learning and training Education in eighteenth-century traditional Polynesia Introduction In this article some methods and types of education in traditional Polynesia are presented. The emphasis is on the second half of the eighteenth century. I have selected this period partly because it covers the final years of the Polyne- sian culture before it was deeply influenced by the well-intentioned efforts of missionaries and administrators who tried to eradicate heathen customs and introduce clothing; the introduction of reading and writing; and the negative impact of traders, whalers and colonizers who came to the islands to relax after arduous travels, and to buy cheap goods and food. The other reason for focusing on this period is that many voyagers, missionaries, administra- tors and traders in their logs and journals left us detailed descriptions of the islanders and their cultures as they had seen them and tried to understand them. These publications are considered here as ‘sources’. Two of the con- cepts mentioned so far may need some clarification, namely ‘Polynesia’ and ‘sources’. Polynesia, for the purposes of this article, encompasses all the islands lying in the triangle formed by the Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and New Zealand. I am aware that Roger Green in 1991 coined the label ‘Remote Oceania’ encompassing Polynesia, Micronesia and the eastern part of Melanesia, thus superseding the traditional tripartite division devised by Dumont d’Urville in 1831 (Ryan 2002) and applied for instance by Kirch and Green (2001) and D’Arcy (2006). For this article, however, the traditional concept of Polynesia is sufficient. -
THE BRITISH LIBRARY Pacific Journals and Logs, 1664-1833 Reels M1559-74
AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT THE BRITISH LIBRARY Pacific journals and logs, 1664-1833 Reels M1559-74 The British Library Great Russell Street London WC1B 3DG National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1982 CONTENTS Page 3 Bartholomew Verwey, 1664-67 3 Samuel Wallis, HMS Dolphin, 1766-67 3 HMS Endeavour, 1768-71 4 Tobias Furneaux, HMS Adventure, 1772-73 4 William Hodges, HMS Resolution, 1772-75 5 Charles Clerke, HMS Resolution, 1772-75 5 James Burney, HMS Resolution, 1776-78 6 Thomas Edgar, HMS Discovery, 1776-78 6 Joseph Woodcock, King George, 1786-87 6 William Broughton, HMS Chatham, 1791-93 7 Philip Puget, HMS Chatham, 1793-95 8 Archibald Menzies, HMS Discovery, 1790-94 9 James Colnett, Rattler, 1793-94 9 George Peard, HMS Blossom, 1825-28 9 John Biscoe, Tula, 1830-33 10 John Price, Minerva, 1798-1800 Note: The following Pacific journals held in the British Library were also filmed by the Australian Joint Coping Project: M1557 Hernando Gallego, Los Reyes, 1567-69 M1558 Abel Tasman, Heemskerck and Zeehan, 1642-43 M1580-82 James Cook, HMS Endeavour and HMS Resolution, 1770-79 M1580-83 David Samwell, HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, 1776-79 2 BRITISH LIBRARY Pacific journals and logs, 1664-1833 Reel M1559 Add. MS 8948 Journal of Bartholomew Verwey, 1664-67. (136 ff.) Journal (in Dutch) kept by Bartholomew Verwey, vice-commodore of a fleet of twelve ships, fitted out by the Governor and Council of the East Indies and sent in 1664, 1665, 1666 and 1667 to Formosa and the coasts of China . -
Pacific Voyages
PAcific voyAges Peter Harrington london Peter Harrington 1 We are exhibiting at these fairs: 12 –14 July 2019 melbourne Melbourne Rare Book Fair Wilson Hall, University of Melbourne www.rarebookfair.com 7–8 September brooklyn Brooklyn Expo Center 72 Noble St, Brooklyn, NY 11222 www.brooklynbookfair.com 3–6 October frieze masters Regent’s Park, London www.frieze.com/fairs/frieze-masters 5–6 October los angeles Rare Books LAX Proud Bird 11022 Aviation Blvd Los Angeles, CA https://rarebooksla.com 12–13 October seattle Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair 299 Mercer St, Seattle, WA www.seattlebookfair.com 2–3 November chelsea (aba) Chelsea Old Town Hall King’s Road, London sw3 5ee www.chelseabookfair.com 15–17 November boston Hynes Convention Center 900 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02115 http://bostonbookfair.com 22–24 November hong kong China in Print Hong Kong Maritime Museum Central Pier No. 8 www.chinainprint.com VAT no. gb 701 5578 50 Peter Harrington Limited. Registered office: WSM Services Limited, Connect House, 133–137 Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, London sw19 7jy. Registered in England and Wales No: 3609982 Cover illustration from Louis Choris, Vues et paysages des régions équinoxiales, item 67. Design: Nigel Bents. Photography: Ruth Segarra. Peter Harrington 1969 london 2019 catalogue 154 PACIFIC VOYAGES mayfair chelsea Peter Harrington Peter Harrington 43 dover street 100 FulHam road london w1s 4FF london sw3 6Hs uk 020 3763 3220 uk 020 7591 0220 eu 00 44 20 3763 3220 eu 00 44 20 7591 0220 usa 011 44 20 3763 3220 www.peterharrington.co.uk usa 011 44 20 7591 0220 PACIFIC VOYAGES Earlier this year we took a trip to the South Maui home of Cook’s last voyage (1784), inscribed from Cook’s ex- of the legendary book dealer Louis (Lou) Weinstein, for- ecutors to Captain William Christopher, a distinguished merly of Heritage Book Shop Inc.