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Journal of the American Horticultural Society, Inc Journal of the American Horticultural Society, Inc. 901 NORTH WASHINGTON STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314 For United Horticulture ... The particular objec.ts and business of the American Horticultural Society a.ye to promote and encourage national in·terest in scientific research and education in horticulture in all of its branches. 1970-71 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (*) President Treasurer DR. DAVID G. LEACH (1971) MR. JOHN M. PATEK (1972) 1674 Trinity Road President North Madison, Ohio 44057 Color Data, Inc. 434 Mount Airy Drive First Vice President Rochester, New York 14617 MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD (1973) Director, Pennsylvania MembeT of the Board Horticultural Society DR. HENRY M. CATHEY (1973) 325 Walnut Street Leader, Ornamental Investigations Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Agricultural Research Service Second V ice President U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, \!faryland 20705 MR. FREDERICK J. CLOSE (1971) 6189 Shore Drive Immediate Past President North Madison, Ohio 44057 MR. FRED C. GALLE (1971) (U) Secretary Director of Horticulture DR. GEORGE H. M. LAWRENCE (1971) Callaway Gardens 390 Forge Road Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 MR. O. KEISTER EVANS Executive Director Washington, D. C. (e) Members of the 1970-71 Board of Directors per bylaw provision. ( ..) Ex officio, and without vote. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is the official publication of The American Horticultural Society and is issued during the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall quarters. The magazine is included as a benefit of membership in The American Horticultural Society, individual membership dues being $15 .00 a year. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers which increase knowledge of plant materials of economic and aesthetic importance are invited. For manuscript specifications, please address the chairman of the Edi­ torial Committee. Second class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland and at additional mailing offices. Copy­ right © 1971 by The American Horticultural Society, Inc. The opinions expressed in the articles which appear in The American Horticultuml Magazine are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Society. They are presented as contributions to contemporary thought. 1970-71 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MR. VINCENT K. BAILEY, (1971) Ih. FREOERICK G. MEYER, (1971) DR . ~EIL W. STUART. (197 I ) Public Relations Research Botanist in Charge Plan t Physiologist Bailey Nurseries, Inc. of Herbarium Crops Research Division I ~25 Bailey Road U. S. National Arboretum St. Paul, Minnesota 55Il9 Agricultural Research Service \Nashington, D. C. 20002 U. S. Department of Agriculutre MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD, Bel tsville, Maryland 20705 (1973) \[R. BRIAN O. MULLIGAN , (1971) Director, Pennsylvania Horti- Director cultural Society University of Washington DR. HAROLD B. TUKEY. SR .• 325 Walnut Street Arboretum (1971) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Seattle, Washington 98105 Pmfessor Emeritus DR. HENRY M. CATHEY, (1973) \Tichigan State Unil'ersit} Leader, Ornamental Investiga- MR. JOSEPH W. OPPE, (1973) The Maples tions Director Woodland. Michigan 48897 Agricultural Research Service Arthur Hoyt Scott Foundation U.S. Department of Agriculture Swarthmore College Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Swarthmore. Pennsylvania 19081 MR. EARL E. VALLOT. (1972) Owner,Manager MRS. ERASTUS CORNING , II. MR . .JOHN M. PATEK. (1972) Grandview Nursery (1972) R. F. D. Box 44 Box 431 President Albany. New York 12201 Color Data. Incorporated YOllngsville. Louisiana 70592 434 Mount Airy Drive DR. RICHARD A. HOWARD, (1973) Rochester, New York 14617 Director, Arnold Arboretum of DR. FRED B. WIDMOYER, (1972) Harvard University Head. Department of MR. WILLIAM A. P. PULLMAN . Jamaica Plain. Massachusetts Horticulture 02130 (1972) New \Texico State Unil'crsity. 700 Mayflower Road Rox S~O MR. EDWARD P. HUME. (1971) Lake Forest, Illinois 60045 Las Crllc('s. :'-lew Mexico 88001 Horticulturist Southern Illinois University DR . LEON C. S~YDER, (1972) Edwardsville. Illinois 62025 Head MR . ROBERT P. WINTZ, (1973) MR. CLARENCE E. LEWIS, (1973) Department of Horticultural Execu ti ve Director Professor of Horticulture Science Chicago Horticultural Society Michigan State University University of Minnesota 116 South Michigan, Room 400 East Lansing. Michigan 48823 St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Chicago, Illinois 60602 PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY Per bylaw provision (1969). past presidents of the Society are members of the Board of Directors-ex officio and without vote. DR. FRED O. COE DR . DAVID VICTOR LUMSDEN DR. FREEMAN A. WEISS (President 1949-1952) (President 1942-1947) (President 1952-1953) P. O. Box 697 3296 Gleneagles Drive 1240 Raymond Way Ross, California 94957 Si lver Spring. Maryland 20906 Charleston. South Carolina 29407 DR. DONOVAN S. CORRELL DR. RUSSELL J. SEIBERT (President 1956-19.')7) (President 196~-1965) DR, Rrnl "Ro P. \\' III TF Texas Research Foun dation Director. Longwood Gardens (President 1~160·1 ~(i l ) Renner, Texas 75079 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 5367 28th Street :'-I. W. 19348 Washington, D. C. 200 15 DR. JOH N L. CREECII DR. HENRY T . SKINNER (president 1953-19.;6) (President 1962-1963) New Crops Research Rranch. Director, U. S, National DR. DO NALD WYMAN Plant Industry Slat ion . Arboretum (President 1961 -62) U. S. Department of A~riClilture Washington, D. C. 20002 51 Ballardvale Road Beltsville. Maryland 20705 Andoyer. Mass achusell 01810 MR. JOH N H . WALKER MR . FRED C. GALLE (President 1965-1967) (President 1967-1970) Executive Director ;\,TR . WILBUR H, YOUNGMAN Director of Horticulture The Society of American Florists (President 1947-1948) Callaway Gardens 901 North Wa hington Street 12808 Meadowood Drive Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 Alexandria. Yirginia 22314 Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 1970-71 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chairman: Dr. Robert L. EgoU, Student Health Servo Dr. Frederick G. Meyer, Botanist in Charge ice, University of South Florida, Tampa, of the Herbarium, U.S. National Arboretum, Florida 33620 Washington, D. C. 20002 Dr. Walter H. Hodge, 9515 E. Stanhope Rd., Kensington, Maryland 20795 Vice Chairman: Dr. George H. M. Lawrence, Director Emer· Mrs. Elsa Uppman Knoll, Senior ~dito.r, itus, The Hunt Botanical Library, 390 Forge Sunset Magazine, Menlo Park. Cahfornla Road, P.O. Box 177, East Greenwich, Rhode 94025 Island 02818. Dr. Edwin A. Menninger, Horticultural Au­ Core Editors: National Capital Area thor, Plant Explorer, Drawer 45, Stuart, Dr. J. T. Baldwin, Jr., Professor of Biology, Florida 33494 College of William and Mary. Williamsburg, Mr. Elvin McDonald, Garden Editor, House Virginia 23185 Beautiful, 717 Fifth Avenue, New York, New Dr. John L. Creech. Chief. New Crops Re­ York 10022 search Branch, PI am Industry Station, U.S. Dr. F. L. Steve O'Rourke, Professor Emeri­ Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary­ tus, Colorado State University, 2236 Frank· land 20705 lin Road, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80521 Dr. L. L. Danielson, Leader, Weed Investi­ Mr. Victor H. Ries, Professor Emeritus, Ohio gations, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. State University, 1241 Lincoln Road, Co­ Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary­ lumbus, Ohio 43212 land 20705 Dr. Sigmond L. Solymosy, Professor of Hor­ Mr. Robert B. Fisher, Horticulturist, The ticulture, Department of Plant Industry, Mount Vernon Ladies Association, Mount University of Southwestern Louisiana, La­ Vernon, Virginia 22121 fayette, Louisiana 70501 Mr. Anthony R. Gould, Newsletter Editor, Mr. Robert L. Ticknor, Professor of Horti­ Men's Garden Club of Montgomery County, culture, Oregon State University. Aurora, 6613 Elgin Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20034 Oregon 97002 Dr. Conrad B. Link. Professor of Horticul­ Dr. Harold B. Tukey, Sr., Professor Emeri· ture, University of Maryland, College Park, tus, Michigan State University, The Maples. Maryland 20742 Woodland, Michigan 48897 Mr. Tom Stevenson, Washington Post-Los Dr. Donald P. Watson, Chairman, Depart. Angeles Times News Service, Garden Col­ ment of Horticulture, University of Hawaii, umnist, 6900 Mornington Road, Baltimore, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Maryland 21222 Dr. Fred B. Widmoyer, Head, Department of Miss Mary Stock, Landscape Architect, Stock Horticulture, New Mexico State University, Brothers Nursery, 10500 Boswell Lane, Rock­ Box 530, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88070 ville, Maryland 20854 Mr. Joseph A. Witt. Assistant Director. Uni­ versity of Washington Arboretum, Seattle, Dr. Neil W . Stuart, Plant Physiologist. Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Washington 98105 Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Contributing Editors: Foreign Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Dr. William A. Cununing, Head, Orna­ Mr. Wilbur H. Youngman, Garden Editor, mentals and Fruit Crop Section, C.D.A. Re­ The Washington Star, 12808 Meadowood search Station, P.O. Box 110001, Morden, Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 Manitoba, Canada Mr. Edmund de Rothschild, Interna·tional Contributing Editors: United States Banker and Horticulturist, P.O. Box 185- Dr. John P. Baumgardt, Landscape Con­ New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, London E.C. sultant, 3431 East 60th Street, Kansas City, 4, England Missouri 64130 Mr. Julien Marnier·Lapostolle, Associate Mr. R. Milton Carleton, Research Director, Member of the Museum of Paris; Pro­ Growth Systems, Inc., Glenview, Illinois prietaire, Jardin Botanique "Les Cedres," 60025 St. Jean, Cap Ferrat, France (A.M.) Dr. Fred W.
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