DOCSLIB.ORG

Annales Zoologici Fennici 35: 149-162

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annales Zoologici Fennici 35: 149-162 Ann. Zool. Fennici 35: 149–162 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 11 December 1998 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 1998 Ammotragus lervia: a review on systematics, biology, ecology and distribution Jorge Cassinello Cassinello, J., Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas, CSIC, C/General Segura 1, ESP-04001 Almería, Spain; and Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, ESP-28006 Madrid, Spain 1) Received 28 April 1998, accepted 9 August 1998 A revision on the current knowledge of the genus Ammotragus is provided. There is only one species, A. lervia, which is considered an ancestor of both Ovis and Capra. Six sub- species originally distributed in the North of Africa, but also introduced elsewhere, have been described. Particularly the study of the introduced wild ranging American populations, and recent research carried out on a captive population in Spain have expanded our knowl- edge on the species’ social behaviour, reproduction, female fitness components, behav- ioural ecology, feeding habits and ecology. Native and introduced populations of arruis are facing different problems; the former ones are generally threatened by human pression, and the latter ones pose a serious risk to native ungulates and plants. 1. Short foreword zoos, or on American wild populations (e.g., Haas 1959, Simpson 1980, my own work). Herewith a Ammotragus lervia is an African ungulate retain- review on the literature available and suggestion ing some primitive and unique characteristics for future research are provided. which makes it particularly interesting for re- Common names for the species are: aoudad, search. It is also considered as a vulnerable spe- audad, udad, uaddan, ouaddan, aroui, arui, arrui, cies by IUCN (1996). The species was poorly Barbary sheep, Barbarian, mouflon africain, mou- known until its introduction to the United States flon de Barbaris, muflón, muflón del Atlas, mouflon of America in the late 1930s. This gave a begin- à manchettes, ruffed mouflon, Saharan mouflon, ning to ecological and management studies (e.g., Mähnenspringer, Mähnenschaf, muflone berbere, Ogren 1965, Simpson 1980). Paradoxically, apart Tassilin, Fechstal, Naded, Naddan, kebach, Kabsh from few works mainly dealing with its distribu- Mai, Al Nakar, larrouy and bearded argali, among tion, research on this species has rarely been car- others (see e.g., Ogren 1965, Gray & Simpson ried out in its natural, African, environment (e.g., 1980a, Shackleton 1997). Depending on the region, Le Houérou 1992, Loggers et al. 1992, but see people and culture, we find a great diversity of com- Clark 1964). Therefore, most of the knowledge mon names for Ammotragus, some of them mak- we have about Ammotragus comes out from re- ing an evident reference to its relationship with the search on populations in European and American genus Ovis (see below). Barbary sheep is the Eng- 1) Address for correspondence 150 Cassinello • ANN. ZOOL. FENNICI Vol. 35 lish common denomination of the species; but, in 3. Phylogeny: comparative morphology order to prevent any taxonomic misinterpretation, and biochemistry I have preferred to use the Arabic name “arrui” in this review (see Valdez & Bunch 1980, and be- Ammotragus still represents a challenge for evo- low). lutionists, since due to its particular morphology and behaviour, its phylogeny is a complicated and controversial subject. 2. Taxonomy Both goats (genus Capra) and sheep (genus Ovis) share a series of characteristics with arruis The genus Ammotragus Blyth, 1840, with only (see Table 1). Some authors even suggest that the one species, A. lervia Pallas, 1777, has a com- latter should be included in one of these genera monly accepted taxonomic status: (e.g., Corbet 1978, see below). ‘Ammotragus’ Class: Mammalia means ‘sand goat’, probably in reference to its color, Order: Artiodactyla which is pale, tawny brown or rufous, grading to a Suborder: Ruminantia whitish underside with dark brown areas around Infraorder: Pecora the head and forequarters (Valdez & Bunch 1980); Family: Bovidae variability in color tones, however, is notable among Subfamily: Caprinae Tribe: Caprini the subspecies. The general aspect resembles a ro- bust goat, with a relatively long head, short and However, the denomination of both genus and spe- stocky legs, and a long, naked tail underneath. As a cies has changed several times until reaching an unique feature, a mane extends from under the accord (Gray & Simpson 1980a, Gray 1985): throat down the front of the neck to the brisket, Genus: Ammotragus Blyth, 1840 bifurcating then and continuing down the forelegs Aegoceros Heughlin, 1861 in mature animals, where it is named chaps. Arruis Species: Antilope lervia Pallas, 1777 do not have a goatee, and like some sheep species Ovis tragelaphus Afzelius, 1815 Ovis ornata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827 (Geist 1971a, Delibes 1986), they have a haired Ammotragus lervia Thomas, 1902 chin and a short erect fringe on the back. True horns are elliptical and similar to those of mouflon (Ovis Moreover, other taxonomic designations, which musimon). Unlike sheep, arruis lack preorbital, appeared between 1840 and 1902, may have con- interdigital and flank glands, but they have sub- tributed to creating a certain confusion in the tax- caudal glands. Their behaviour resembles that of onomy of the species (Gray & Simpson 1980a): sheep (Geist 1971a), although an ancestral pattern Ovis (Ammotragus) tragelaphus Blyth, 1840. does predominate (Katz 1949, Haas 1959). There- Ammotragus tragelaphus Gray, 1850. fore, morphologically arruis show intermediate Musimon tragelaphus Gervais, 1855. characteristics of sheep and goats (Geist 1971a, Aries tragelaphus Lataste, 1887. Ovis (Ammotragus) lervia Lydekker, 1898. Schaffer & Reed 1972). Ovis lervia Anderson and de Winton, 1902. The chromosome number of the arrui (2n = 58) is identical to that of Ovis vignei (Nadler et al. Finally, six subspecies have been described, mainly 1974, Bunch et al. 1977). Besides, the seroprotein according to their distribution (see the section about (Schmitt 1963) and immunoglobulin (Curtain & the distribution of the species below): Fudenberg 1973) analyses show a close relation- Ammotragus lervia lervia Pallas, 1777. ship to Ovis. However, the sequence of amino- Ammotragus lervia ornata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827. acids of several hemoglobin chains (Manwell & Ammotragus lervia sahariensis Rothschild, 1913. Ammotragus lervia blainei Rothschild, 1913. Baker 1975) shows a closer relation to Capra hir- Ammotragus lervia angusi Rothschild, 1921. cus, and some unique characteristics. On the other Ammotragus lervia fassini Lepri, 1930. hand, immuno-diffusion studies by Hight and Nad- ANN. ZOOL. FENNICI Vol. 35 • Ammotragus lervia: a review 151 ler (1976) paradoxically establish a closer rela- and geographic distribution of the species, the cline tionship between Ovis and Capra than between is named argali or ammon cline in reference to the any of them and Ammotragus. Altai or Siberian argali, Ovis ammon ammon, which Some authors (Ansell 1971, Corbet 1978) place is placed in one end of the cline, while the arrui is the arrui in the genus Capra, due to morphological in the other end. To determine in which direction similarities and because it may interbreed with goats sheep evolved, Geist (1971a) firstly compared all and produce live hybrids (Petzsch 1957 in Geist the species to ancestral forms to establish which is 1971a). But Geist (1971a) discounted the ability of the evolutionary older form, and secondly he re- Capra to hybridize with Ammotragus as an indica- lated the cline to the history of Pleistocene glaci- tor of a closer relationship, and hypothesized that ations. reproductive barriers between Ovis and Ammo- Paleontologists suggest that the caprids evolved tragus arose due to their sympatric distribution in from the Tribe Rupicaprinae (Thenius & Hofer North Africa during the Pleistocene, whereas arruis 1960), which has four or six genera, according to and goats were not sympatric. various authors (Schaller 1977, Eisenberg 1981, Geist (1971a, 1985) hypothesized that the arrui Lovari & Perco 1982, MacDonald 1985). Two char- is ancestral to the Paleartic sheep lineage. He re- acteristic genera, the North American mountain lated all the Eurasian mountain sheep by means of goat, Oreamnos; and the serow, Capricornis; both a cline based on the morphological characteristics share a great number of characteristics with the most Table 1. Anatomical, chromosomal and blood protein differences between sheep, arruis and goats (from Valdez & Bunch 1980). ————————————————————————————————————————————————— Phenotypic character Ovis Ammotragus Capra ————————————————————————————————————————————————— Preorbital gland Present Absent Absent Foot (interdigital) glands Present Absent Absent Inguinal glands Present Absent Absent Subcaudal glands Absent Present Present Chin beard Absent Absent Present in males; Horns In males usually in Supracervical usually scimitar-like spiral but sometimes or twisted and pointing bent backwards over the up or bent backwards neck (supracervical) over the neck, with the tips pointing inwards and up Tail length Short (≤ 6.0 inches) Long (≥ 6.0 inches) Long (≥ 6.0 inches) No. chromosomes (2n) 52 to 58 58 60 Transferrins (Tf) I, A, G, B, C, D, Identical to D of A and B differ in M, E and F sheep mobility from A and B of sheep Hemoglobins (Hb) Normal adult Amino acid Normal adult hemoglobin A, B and sequencing has hemoglobin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SPANISH+IBEX+PACKAGE.Pdf
    La Pedriza Caza y Gestion is operated by his Spanish Professional Hunter & Outfitter Pedro Alarcón, since 1999, Pedro born into a family with very strong hunting tradition, in addition, this passion for hunting pushed to study forest engineering, expanding his knowledge of the game and his enviroments. Our home is in Cordoba, the south of Spain. We are specializes in big game hunt throughout the all our landscape, mainly in (free range-no fence area) private concessions & goberment areas. For Spanish Ibex we have 4 species (Beceite, Gredos, Southeastern & Ronda), Spanish Red Stag, European Fallow Deer, Mouflon Sheep, Pyrenean Chamois, Cantabrian Chamois, European Roe Deer, Barbary Sheep or Aoudad and Wild Boar. In our areas many time we get record trophies. Also we are specialist in Monterias and driven partridge. HUNTING AREA: Beceite, Gredos, Ronda and South East. (Free Range, no fence area) WAY OF HUNTING: Stalking TIME: Any time GROUP SIZE: 2-3 hunters ACCOMMODATION: Luxury hotels in hunting area. I T I N E R A R Y Day 1 Arrival at the airport (Madrid, Valencia or Granada) Day 2-4 Hunting (depend animals) Day 5 Back at the airport and departure. If you want the ibex grand sland or more different animals, we need about 3 days per animals, plus 1 day between hunting areas. SPECIAL PACKAGE PRICE 3.950€ 1 X 1 5 Days trip with a Beceite or Ronda or South Eastern Ibex included 3 Hunting days and 2 travel days in luxury accommodation and all meal included. The trophy fee of the ibex up to 205CIC points (bronce medals class).
    [Show full text]
  • Animals of Africa
    Silver 49 Bronze 26 Gold 59 Copper 17 Animals of Africa _______________________________________________Diamond 80 PYGMY ANTELOPES Klipspringer Common oribi Haggard oribi Gold 59 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Copper 17 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Gold 61 Copper 17 Diamond 80 Diamond 80 Steenbok 1 234 5 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Cape grysbok BIG CATS LECHWE, KOB, PUKU Sharpe grysbok African lion 1 2 2 2 Common lechwe Livingstone suni African leopard***** Kafue Flats lechwe East African suni African cheetah***** _______________________________________________ Red lechwe Royal antelope SMALL CATS & AFRICAN CIVET Black lechwe Bates pygmy antelope Serval Nile lechwe 1 1 2 2 4 _______________________________________________ Caracal 2 White-eared kob DIK-DIKS African wild cat Uganda kob Salt dik-dik African golden cat CentralAfrican kob Harar dik-dik 1 2 2 African civet _______________________________________________ Western kob (Buffon) Guenther dik-dik HYENAS Puku Kirk dik-dik Spotted hyena 1 1 1 _______________________________________________ Damara dik-dik REEDBUCKS & RHEBOK Brown hyena Phillips dik-dik Common reedbuck _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________African striped hyena Eastern bohor reedbuck BUSH DUIKERS THICK-SKINNED GAME Abyssinian bohor reedbuck Southern bush duiker _______________________________________________African elephant 1 1 1 Sudan bohor reedbuck Angolan bush duiker (closed) 1 122 2 Black rhinoceros** *** Nigerian
    [Show full text]
  • North American Game Birds Or Animals
    North American Game Birds & Game Animals LARGE GAME Bear: Black Bear, Brown Bear, Grizzly Bear, Polar Bear Goat: bezoar goat, ibex, mountain goat, Rocky Mountain goat Bison, Wood Bison Moose, including Shiras Moose Caribou: Barren Ground Caribou, Dolphin Caribou, Union Caribou, Muskox Woodland Caribou Pronghorn Mountain Lion Sheep: Barbary Sheep, Bighorn Deer: Axis Deer, Black-tailed Deer, Sheep, California Bighorn Sheep, Chital, Columbian Black-tailed Deer, Dall’s Sheep, Desert Bighorn Mule Deer, White-tailed Deer Sheep, Lanai Mouflon Sheep, Nelson Bighorn Sheep, Rocky Elk: Rocky Mountain Elk, Tule Elk Mountain Bighorn Sheep, Stone Sheep, Thinhorn Mountain Sheep Gemsbok SMALL GAME Armadillo Marmot, including Alaska marmot, groundhog, hoary marmot, Badger woodchuck Beaver Marten, including American marten and pine marten Bobcat Mink North American Civet Cat/Ring- tailed Cat, Spotted Skunk Mole Coyote Mouse Ferret, feral ferret Muskrat Fisher Nutria Fox: arctic fox, gray fox, red fox, swift Opossum fox Pig: feral swine, javelina, wild boar, Lynx wild hogs, wild pigs Pika Skunk, including Striped Skunk Porcupine and Spotted Skunk Prairie Dog: Black-tailed Prairie Squirrel: Abert’s Squirrel, Black Dogs, Gunnison’s Prairie Dogs, Squirrel, Columbian Ground White-tailed Prairie Dogs Squirrel, Gray Squirrel, Flying Squirrel, Fox Squirrel, Ground Rabbit & Hare: Arctic Hare, Black- Squirrel, Pine Squirrel, Red Squirrel, tailed Jackrabbit, Cottontail Rabbit, Richardson’s Ground Squirrel, Tree Belgian Hare, European
    [Show full text]
  • 6.5 X 11 Double Line.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Index More information Index adaptive management 134–5, 180–2, 377–9 chronic wasting disease 203 Alces alces – see moose climate change Ammotragus lervia – see Barbary sheep effects on ungulate populations 349–66 Axis axis – see axis deer effects on disease and disease transmission 203, axis deer 13, 35, 36 320, 335, 337–40, 360–1 conservation 4, 19, 26, 30, 32, 33, 39–41, 380 Barbary sheep 32, 35, 36 cultural attitudes to hunting 4, 5–9 Bison bonasus – see bison, European bison, European 15, 27–9, 32, 33, 38, 40, 269–70, Dama dama – see fallow deer 275, 301, 353 damage and its management 144–82 blue tongue virus 195, 199, 205, 208, 333, 338–9 damage to agricultural crops 144, 151, 169–71 boar, European wild 15, 81, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94–5, damage to forestry 35, 144, 149–50, 151, 96, 99, 117, 126, 129, 144, 170–1, 175, 200, 171–3 288, 292–4, 300, 301, 303, 322, 327, 334, 335, damage to conservation habitats 13, 35, 37, 43, 336, 355, 365 144, 173–5 bovine tuberculosis 194, 196, 200–1, 208, 322, damage, compensation for 68, 70–1, 169, 171 327, 334 damage, control of 176 brucellosis 197, 202, 208, 327 deer–vehicle collisions – see ungulate–vehicle collisions Capra aegagrus – see goat, European wild disease 192–209, 319–37 Capra ibex – see ibex, alpine disease surveillance 130, 203–4, 328–30 Capra pyrenaica – see ibex, Spanish ungulates as vectors for diseases of livestock or Capreolus
    [Show full text]
  • (Antilope Cervicapra) in INDIA
    FAECAL CORTISOL METABOLITES AS AN INDICATOR OF STRESS IN CAPTIVE SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) AND BLACKBUCK (Antilope cervicapra) IN INDIA. BY NIKHIL SOPAN BANGAR (B.V.Sc. & A.H.) MAHARASHTRA ANIMAL AND FISHERY SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, INDIA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN WILDLIFE HEALTH AND MANAGEMENT (WHM) DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL STUDIES, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2019 DECLARATION ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my beloved mother, Mrs Suman Sopan Bangar and my father Mr Sopan Bhayappa Bangar for always being supportive and encouraging me to be who I am today. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude to Dr Muchane Muchai for providing unswerving and continuous feedback throughout the period of my work in this project; Dr Andrew G. Thaiyah both for his support and guidance during the course of thesis; Professor Dhananjay Govind Dighe for valuable guidance while conducting my field work along with laboratory work in India. I am also grateful to Profes- sor Shailesh Ingole and Dr Javed Khan for guiding me throughout my laboratory work. It is with great thanks to Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park and wildlife research centre management team; Director Dr Rajkumar Jadhav, Deputy Director Dr Navnath Nigot, Head animal keeper Mr Shyamrao Khude along with animal keepers Mr Navnath Memane and Mr Sandip Raykar: Thank you for your untiring inspiration to contribute to my field work. I was enthused every single day working with each of you and learned more than I could ever hope to in such a short time. I hope this work will help contribute to management and development of the zoo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Saola Or Spindlehorn Bovid Pseudoryx Nghetinhensis in Laos
    ORYX VOL 29 NO 2 APRIL 1995 The saola or spindlehorn bovid Pseudoryx nghetinhensis in Laos George B. Schaller and Alan Rabinowitz In 1992 the discovery of a new bovid, Pseudoryx nghetinhensis, in Vietnam led to speculation that the species also occurred in adjacent parts of Laos. This paper describes a survey in January 1994, which confirmed the presence of P. ngethinhensis in Laos, although in low densities and with a patchy distribution. The paper also presents new information that helps clarify the phylogenetic position of the species. The low numbers and restricted range ofP. ngethinhensis mean that it must be regarded as Endangered. While some admirable moves have been made to protect the new bovid and its habitat, more needs to be done and the authors recommend further conservation action. Introduction area). Dung et al. (1994) refer to Pseudoryx as the Vu Quang ox, but, given the total range of In May 1992 Do Tuoc and John MacKinnon the animal and its evolutionary affinities (see found three sets of horns of a previously un- below), we prefer to call it by the descriptive described species of bovid in the Vu Quang local name 'saola'. Nature Reserve of west-central Vietnam The village of Nakadok, where saola horns (Stone, 1992). The discovery at the end of the were found, lies at the end of the Nakai-Nam twentieth century of a large new mammal in a Theun National Biodiversity Conservation region that had been visited repeatedly by sci- Area (NNTNBCA), which at 3500 sq km is the entific and other expeditions (Delacour and largest of 17 protected areas established by Jabouille, 1931; Legendre, 1936) aroused in- Laos in October 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests
    animals Review Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests Jacqueline Poldy Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain Laboratory, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected]; Tel.: +61-2-6218-3599 Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Simple Summary: Many significant human and animal diseases are spread by blood feeding insects and other arthropod vectors. Arthropod pests and disease vectors rely heavily on chemical cues to identify and locate important resources such as their preferred animal hosts. Although there are abundant studies on the means by which biting insects—especially mosquitoes—are attracted to humans, this focus overlooks the veterinary and medical importance of other host–pest relationships and the chemical signals that underpin them. This review documents the published data on airborne (volatile) chemicals emitted from non-human animals, highlighting the subset of these emissions that play a role in guiding host choice by arthropod pests. The paper exposes some of the complexities associated with existing methods for collecting relevant chemical features from animal subjects, cautions against extrapolating the ecological significance of volatile emissions, and highlights opportunities to explore research gaps. Although the literature is less comprehensive than human studies, understanding the chemical drivers behind host selection creates opportunities to interrupt pest attack and disease transmission, enabling more efficient pest management. Abstract: Many arthropod pests of humans and other animals select their preferred hosts by recognising volatile odour compounds contained in the hosts’ ‘volatilome’. Although there is prolific literature on chemical emissions from humans, published data on volatiles and vector attraction in other species are more sporadic.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Antelope & Buffalo
    WildlifeCampus – The Behaviour Guide to African Herbivores 1 Module # 2 – Component # 2 Introduction to Antelope & Buffalo Tribe African African Genera Species Cephalophini: duikers 2 16 Neotragini: pygmy antelopes (dik-dik, suni, royal 6 13 antelope, klipspringer, oribi) Antilopini: gazelles, springbok, gerenuk 4 12 Reduncini: reedbuck, kob, waterbuck, lechwe 2 8 Peleini: Vaal rhebok 1 1 Hippotragini: horse antelopes (roan, sable, oryx, 3 5 addax) Alcelaphini: hartebeest, hirola, topi, biesbok, 3 7 wildebeest Aepycerotini: impala 1 1 Tragelaphini: spiral-horned antelopes (bushbuck, 1 9 sitatunga, nyalu, kudu, bongo, eland) Bovini: buffalo, cattle 1 1 Caprini: ibex, Barbary sheep 2 2 Total 26 75 FAMILY TRAITS Horns borne by males of all species and by females in 43 of the 75 African species. Size range: from 1.5 kg and 20 cm high (royal antelope) to 950 kg and 178 cm (eland); maximum weight in family, 1200 kg (Asian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis); maximum height: 200 cm (gaur, Bos gaurus). Teeth: 30 or 32 total (see Component # 1 of this Module - Introduction to Ruminants). Coloration: from off-white (Arabian oryx) to black (buffalo, black wildebeest) but mainly shades of brown; cryptic and disruptive in solitary species to revealing with bold, distinctive markings in sociable plains species. Eyes: laterally placed with horizontally elongated pupils (providing good rear view). Introduction to Antelope and Buffalo © WildlifeCampus WildlifeCampus – The Behaviour Guide to African Herbivores 2 Scent glands: developed (at least in males) in most species, diffuse or absent in a few (kob, waterbuck, bovines). Mammae: 1 or 2 pairs. Horns. True horns consist of an outer sheath composed mainly of keratin over a bony core of the same shape which grows from the frontal bones.
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDES NEWSLETTER JULY 2019 Written by Isaiah Banda
    GUIDES NEWSLETTER JULY 2019 Written By Isaiah Banda The mercury dropped to 3.1 degrees Celsius in the beginning of the month until mid-month here at Safari Plains. Different days of the month it was only at 3.6, but different parts of the reserve experience slight temperature variations, as down in the western side of the lodge was the coldest I’ve felt in a couple of years, and I was in different areas on the reserve during the month, when it didn’t feel as bad. I’m confident it was only just above freezing in some of the depressions this month. I was in a sighting with the Madjuma pride but was particularly loathed to take off my gloves to work the camera, as I knew the kind of pain they would be in within seconds. Not cold… pain! Luckily, I had a company of Riette Smit, she did not hesitate to take her camera out. WWW.SAFARIPLAINS.CO.ZA Invariably in the mornings, the first hour of the drive is quiet. Predators aren’t moving around quite as much, probably conserving energy. It’s usually only when the temperature starts to rise that the action starts, and suddenly the tracking efforts start finding success, and the number of sightings starts to spike. The bush has essentially followed that pattern for the past month; we leave the lodge before sunrise bundled up in at least four layers, numb our faces for an hour or so until we start speaking incoherently, and then just as it’s almost time for a warm cup of coffee, outcomes the wildlife! Curiosity Killed the….
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed-Species Exhibits with Pigs (Suidae)
    Mixed-species exhibits with Pigs (Suidae) Written by KRISZTIÁN SVÁBIK Team Leader, Toni’s Zoo, Rothenburg, Luzern, Switzerland Email: [email protected] 9th May 2021 Cover photo © Krisztián Svábik Mixed-species exhibits with Pigs (Suidae) 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 Use of space and enclosure furnishings ................................................................... 3 Feeding ..................................................................................................................... 3 Breeding ................................................................................................................... 4 Choice of species and individuals ............................................................................ 4 List of mixed-species exhibits involving Suids ........................................................ 5 LIST OF SPECIES COMBINATIONS – SUIDAE .......................................................... 6 Sulawesi Babirusa, Babyrousa celebensis ...............................................................7 Common Warthog, Phacochoerus africanus ......................................................... 8 Giant Forest Hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni ..................................................10 Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus ........................................................................ 11 Red River Hog, Potamochoerus porcus ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Social and Spatial Organisation of the Beira Antelope (): a Relic from the Past? Nina Giotto, Jean-François Gérard
    The social and spatial organisation of the beira antelope (): a relic from the past? Nina Giotto, Jean-François Gérard To cite this version: Nina Giotto, Jean-François Gérard. The social and spatial organisation of the beira antelope (): a relic from the past?. European Journal of Wildlife Research, Springer Verlag, 2009, 56 (4), pp.481-491. 10.1007/s10344-009-0326-8. hal-00535255 HAL Id: hal-00535255 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535255 Submitted on 11 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Eur J Wildl Res (2010) 56:481–491 DOI 10.1007/s10344-009-0326-8 ORIGINAL PAPER The social and spatial organisation of the beira antelope (Dorcatragus megalotis): a relic from the past? Nina Giotto & Jean-François Gerard Received: 16 March 2009 /Revised: 1 September 2009 /Accepted: 17 September 2009 /Published online: 29 October 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract We studied the social and spatial organisation of Keywords Dwarf antelope . Group dynamics . Grouping the beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) in arid low mountains in pattern . Phylogeny. Territory the South of the Republic of Djibouti. Beira was found to live in socio-spatial units whose ranges were almost non- overlapping, with a surface area of about 0.7 km2.
    [Show full text]
  • List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
    What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34.
    [Show full text]