TP 771E *TP771E* (06/2000) Copyright

Permission is granted by Transport Canada to copy and/or reproduce the contents of this publication in whole or in p a rt provided that full ack n owledgment is given to Transport Canada. While use of this material has been authorized, Transport Canada shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof.This publication may not be updated to reflect amendments made to original content. For up-to-date information, contact Transport Canada.

The information in this publication is to be considered soley as a guide and should not be quoted as or considered to be a legal authority. It may become obsolete in whole or in part at any time without notice. CONTENTS

Page

Air Tourist Information Canada Ð Purpose of Pamphlet ...... 1 List of Publications, Contents and Prices ...... 2 NOTAM...... 4 Carriage of Firearms...... 4 Customs Procedures...... 5 Licensing/Aircraft Requirements for Visiting Pilots ...... 6 Transport Canada ...... 7 NAV CANADA ...... 8 Private Aircraft Liability Insurance...... 10 Canada’s Airspace ...... 10 Classification of Canadian Domestic Airspace ...... 13 Transponder Requirements...... 14 Transponder Airspace...... 15 Major Differences Between Procedures in Canada and the United States...... 16 Flight Restrictions—Niagara Falls, Ontario ...... 24 Flight Restrictions—Forest Fires ...... 24 Flight Restrictions into National and Provincial Parks ...... 25 Sparsely Settled Areas ...... 25 Survival Equipment—Flights Over Land...... 26 Survival Advisory Information ...... 27 Other Useful Tourist Information ...... 27 Canadian Airspace Boundaries ...... 30 Altimeter Setting and Designated Mountainous Regions...... 31

For more information or other Civil Aviation publications, please:

✈ call us at: 1-800-305-2059; ✈ send us a fax at: (613) 957-4208; ✈ visit our Web site at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/index.htm; or ✈ write to: Transport Canada Civil Aviation Communications Centre (AARA) 330 Sparks Street Place de Ville, Tower C Ottawa ON K1A 0N8 ABBREVIATIONS

AAE above aerodrome elevation ADCUS advise customs ADIZ air defence identification zone AFTN aeronautical fixed telecommunications network A/G air/ground or air-to-ground AGL above ground level AIP Aeronautical Information Publication AOE airport of entry ATC air traffic control ATF aerodrome traffic frequency CAP Canada Air Pilot CARs Canadian Aviation Regulations CARS community aerodrome radio station CFS Canada Flight Supplement CMNPS Canadian minimum navigation performance specifications CVFR controled visual flight rules CZ control zone DAH Designated Airspace Handbook DND Department of National Defence ELT emergency locator transmitter ETA estimated time of arrival FL flight level FSS flight service station ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IFR instrument flight rules IMC instrument meteorological conditions MEA minimum en route attitude MF mandatory frequency MNPS minimum navigation performance specifications MHz megahertz NM nautical miles NORDO no radio RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCO remote communications outlet RONLY receiver only SAR search and rescue TC Transport Canada TCA terminal control area VFR visual flight rules VFR OTT VFR over-the-top VHF very high frequency VMC visual meteorological conditions WAS Water Aerodrome Supplement AIR TOURIST INFORMATION CANADA

PURPOSE OF PAMPHLET

This pamphlet is intended to serve only as a guide to the air tourist visiting Canada. Pilots are strongly encouraged to refer to the Aeronautical Information Publication Canada (A.I.P. Canada) for comprehensive pre-flight information, and to other publications that apply to the intended flight. A list of publications and charts appears on pages 2, 3 and 4. NOTAMs are normally available at major airports and from all FSSs.

Pilots planning to fly their aircraft into Canada should be well acquainted with the aeronautical facilities and services that are available, as outlined in the Canada Flight Supplement (CFS). It is their responsibility to obtain required publications and charts, and to consult the latest NOTAM to ensure that they have all the current information pertinent to their proposed flight.

If the proposed flight will be within the sparse l y settled areas of Canada, special skills and knowl e d g e on the part of pilots are req u i r ed as radio aids to navi g ation might be limited or non-existent. Wea ther inform at i o n , fu e l , se r vicing and accommodati o n ma y not be avai l a ble at certain aerod r omes. Pilots are therefo r e cautioned not to attempt flight within the sparse l y settled areas unless they have the app ro p ri a te ae r onautical cha r ts as well as the ability to navi g ate accurate l y by map- re a d i n g . Such flights should also be caref u l l y planned in advan c e , and the aircr aft equipped with necessary radio and survi val equipment. More detailed inform a tion is contained in the CFS, as well as in A. I . P . Canada.

This document is available from: Transport Canada Civil Aviation Communications Centre (AARA) 330 Sparks Street Place de Ville, Tower C Ottawa ON K1A 0N8

Telephone: 1-800-305-2059 Fax: (613) 957-4208 Internet: http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/index.htm

1 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS, CONTENTS AND PRICES

REFERENCE DOCUMENT

Canadian Government Publishing (PWGSC) 1-800-635-7943 Ottawa ON K1A 0S9 Telephone: (819) 956-4802 Canada Fax: (819) 956-7193

A.I.P. Canada (TP 2300E or F) Am e n d a ble compreh e n s i ve pre- f light refe r ence manual that provides in fo rm a tion concerning rules of the air and proc e d u r es for aircr aft operati o n s in Canadian airsp a c e .

English version: Cat. No. T51-8-1996E Single issue: $32.50 French version: Cat. No. T51-8-1996F

Geomatics Canada Individual aeronautical charts and publications may be obtained from chart dis- tributors. See list in the "Planning" Section of the Canada Flight Supplement; or the web site http://aero.nrcan.gc.ca under "Distributors List"; or call the Canada Map Office (see numbers below). You may subscribe to certain aeronautical products through the: Canada Map Office 615 Booth Street Telephone: 1-800-465-6277 or (613) 952-7000 Ottawa ON K1A 0E9 Fax: 1-800-661-6277 or (613) 957-8861 Canada For product content information, call (613) 947-4806 or e-mail [email protected]

VFR PRODUCTS SUPPLEMENTS: Canada Flight Supplement (CFS) (English or Bilingual) This publication includes information on land aerodromes and heliports in Canada and contains operational information significant to flight within Canadian airspace, including radio and emergency equipment require- ments, special procedures en route and at aerodromes or heliports.

Single issue: $26.00 One year subscription: $93.00 (revised every 56 days)

2 Water Aerodrome Supplement (WAS) (Bilingual) Contains details on all known water aerodromes in Canada.

Annual subscription: $38.00 (revised each spring) CHARTS: Aeronautical Charts (a) World Aeronautical Charts (WAC) Scale 1:1 000 000 $15.00 (b)VFR Navigation Charts (VNC) Scale 1:500 000 $15.00 (Includes the Alaska Highway Strip Map) (c) VFR Terminal Area (VTA) Charts Scale 1:250 000 $15.00 (For Montréal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary/Edmonton, and Vancouver)

IFR PRODUCTS Canada Air Pilot (CAP) (revised every 56 days) (Instrument Approach Procedures) Seven volumes: CAP 1: Yukon and Northwest Territories CAP 2: British Columbia CAP 3: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba CAP 4: Ontario CAP 5: Quebec (English) CAP 6: Québec (French) (also includes the approach charts for Ottawa/Macdonald- Cartier International Airport) CAP 7: Atlantic Provinces Single issue—one volume: $17.00 Subscription to Issues: $38.00/volume

Canada Flight Supplement (CFS) Refer to “VFR Products.”

En Route Navigation Charts (Bilingual): (a) Full set of eight charts Single issue: $45.00 One year subscription with wallet: $87.00 (b) LO 1-10, T 1-2 set Single issue: $35.00 One year subscription with wallet: $69.00 (c) HI 1-6 set Single issue: $15.00 One year subscription with wallet: $33.00

3 Transport Canada Civil Aviation Communications Centre (AARA) Telephone: 1-800-305-2059 330 Sparks Street Fax: (613) 957-4208 Place de Ville, Tower C Internet: www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/index.htm Ottawa ON K1A 0N8 Canada

TITLE TP Number Flying the Alaska Highway in Canada TP 2168E

NO TE : All prices are subject to cha n g e. Contact the res p e c t i ve source for more in fo rm at i o n . NOTAM (distributed by teletype)

The prim a r y purpose of the Canadian NOTAM service is to notify pilots and other pe r sonnel concerned with flight operations of cha n g es that could affect flight safet y and that because of the time element invol ve d , cannot be published in app ro p ri at e ae r onautical inform a tion publi c a tions or included on cha r ts. NOTAMs are distri- buted via a nationwide teletype networ k and are displayed at all major airpo r ts for flight-planning purposes. NOTAMs are avai l a ble at FSSs. The telephone num b e r s for FSSs are listed under each aerod r ome in the Supplements. CARRIAGE OF FIREARMS

Small arms : Hand-held pistols, revol ve rs , et c. , kn o wn as small arms , and fully au t o m a tic wea pons are not authoriz ed to be carried or wor n in Canada. Tou ri s t s en t e r ing Canada with such wea pons will be req u i r ed to ret u r n the fire a r ms to their residence via mail or exp r ess; fire a r ms will not be held in bond pending the to u ri s t ’ s ret u r n trip across the borde r .

Rifles/shotguns: Rifles and shotguns are authorized to be transported across the Canadian border when intended for use as a sporting gun or for use in a survival kit. The calibre, make, and style of each rifle or shotgun must be registered with Canadian Customs at the point of entry into Canada.

NO TE : When guns are tran s p o r ted into Canada for use in hunting gam e , the provi n c i a l , te r rit o r ial and local regu l a tions gover ning the

4 possession and tran s p o rt a tion of such fire a r ms and the taking of gam e app l y. Inform a tion concerning rel e vant regu l a tions may be obtained fr om the app ro p ri a te provincial bure a u . CUSTOMS PROCEDURES

(a) Pilots must land at a Canada Customs authorized AOE and a flight plan must be filed for all transborder flights (CARs 602.73). Canada Customs does not require citizenship information on flight plans.

(b) Aerodromes that are designated as an AOE with Customs services avail- able are indicated in the “Aerodrome/Facility Directory” of the CFS or the WAS. ADCUS notifications on flight plans will no longer be accepted, and pilots must make their own customs arrangements by calling 1-888-CAN- PASS (1-888-226-7277) at least 1 hour, but not more than 72 hours, before flying into Canada. See FAL 2.3.3 of A.I.P. Canada.

Pilots are also cautioned that the provision of Customs services may not always be available for flight arrivals outside of the established hours, and, if they are, call-out charges may be levied.

(c) CANPASS—Private Aircraft Program. Travellers on a Canadian or American registered private, company-owned, or small charter aircraft car- rying no more than 15 passengers, arriving directly from the United States must use a telephone reporting system to receive permission from a Customs or Immigration officer to enter Canada. They must call 1-888-CANPASS at least 1 hour, but not more than 72 hours, before flying into Canada. See FAL 2.3.3 of A.I.P. Canada.

(d) For those flights commencing outside the geographical areas covered under the 1-888-CANPASS number, the following numbers are available:

Lansdowne, Ontario (613) 659-2598 Hamilton, Ontario (905) 679-2073 Windsor, Ontario (519) 257-7923 Victoria, British Columbia (250) 363-0343

It is recommended that you select the number geographically closest to your point of arrival.

5 NOTE: Flights destined west of the ManitobaÐOntario border are required to use the Victoria telephone number.

(e ) Whe r e, owing to wea ther conditions or other emergen c y, the aircr aft is landed at a place that is not designated as a place for Customs repo rt , the pilot shall call 1- 8 8 8 - C A N P ASS or the nearest RCMP office as soon as possible . LICENSING/AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS FOR VISITING PILOTS

Pilots may be required, at any time, to produce certain documents that are sub- ject to examination by Customs, Immigration and Civil Aviation officials, or by the RCMP.

A person flying an aircr aft into Canada must be in possession of the fol l ow i n g do c u m e n t s :

1. Flight crew documents: ¥ a pilot’s licence; ¥ a valid medical certificate; and ¥ a radio licence.

2. Aircraft documents: ¥ an aircr aft journe y log- b o o k , unless otherwise authorized by the Minister; ¥ a certificate of airworthiness or flight permit; ¥ a certificate of registration; ¥ an aircraft radio licence;* ¥ an aircraft flight manual; and ¥ proof of insurance.

*NOTE: American Aircraft entering Canada do not require this licence.

On application to a Regional Manager, General Aviation, a tourist who is the holder of a valid pilot licence issued by a member state of ICAO may fly Canadian registered aircraft by:

(a) having that licence validated for a period of up to one year for a fee of $45.00;

(b) obtaining a Canadian Private Pilot Licence issued on the basis of the applicant’s foreign licence.The fee for this document is $55.00; or

6 (c) obtaining a Canadian Limited Term Private Pilot Licence.The fee for this document is $55.00. TRANSPORT CANADA

Transport Canada is the responsible aeronautical authority in Canada.

Postal address: Transport Canada, Safety and Security Assistant Deputy Minister 330 Sparks Street Place de Ville, Tower C Ottawa ON K1A 0N8

AFTN: CYHQYAYB

Transport Canada has five regional offices:

Pacific Region Transport Canada 620 - 800 Burrard Street Vancouver BC V6Z 2J8 Fax: (604) 666-1175

Prairie and Northern Region Transport Canada Canada Place 1100 Ð 9700 Jasper Avenue Edmonton AB T5J 4E6 Fax: (403) 495-5190

Transport Canada 344 Edmonton Street P.O. Box 8550 Winnipeg MB R3C 0P6 Fax: (204) 983-2422

Ontario Region Transport Canada 300 - 4900 Yonge Street Willowdale ON M2N 6A5 Fax: (416) 952-0196 7 Quebec Region Transport Canada Regional Administration Bldg. 700 Leigh Capréol Place Dorval QC H4Y 1G7 Fax: (514) 633-3250

Atlantic Region Transport Canada P.O. Box 42 Moncton NB E1C 8K6 Fax: (506) 851-3022 NAV CANADA

NAV CANADA, Aeronautical Information Services (AIS), is responsible for the collection, evaluation and dissemination of aeronautical information pub- lished in the CFS, the WAS, the CAP and the aeronautical charts. In addition, AIS assigns and controls Canadian location identifiers and aircraft operating agency designators.

Postal Address: NAV CANADA Aeronautical Information Services Telephone: (613) 563-5622 77 Metcalfe Street, 8th Floor Fax: (613) 563-3410 Ottawa ON K1P 5L6

Any errors, omissions, anomalies, suggestions or comments on the air naviga- tion system can be submitted via any FSS or to the appropriate regional office.

NAV CANADA has five regional offices:

Pacific Region NAV CANADA Safety and Service Design: (604) 775-9170 300 - 375 Water Street AIS: (604) 775-9173 Vancouver BC V6B 5C6 Fax: (604)775-9150

8 Western Region NAV CANADA Safety and Service Design: (403) 413-5472 Alberta Treasury Branches Plaza AIS: (403) 890-4732 9925 - 109 Street, Suite 300 Fax: (403) 890-4730 Edmonton AB T5K 2J8 AFTN: CYEGZXRN

NAV CANADA 777 Moray Street Airspace Design: (204) 983-1359 Winnipeg MB R3J 3W8 AIS: (204) 983-1351 Fax: (204) 983-2422 Toll-free number: 1-888-865-9429 AFTN: CYWGZXRO

Ontario Region NAV CANADA Safety and Service Design: (416) 952-0231 Toronto ACC AIS: (905) 612-5725 2490 Britannia Road East Fax: (905) 676-4654 Lester B. Pearson Int'l Airport AFTN: CYYZZXRO Mississauga ON L4W 2P7

Quebec Region NAV CANADA Safety and Service Design: (514) 633-3010 Regional Administration Bldg. AIS: (514) 633-2888 700 Leigh Capréol Place Fax: (514) 633-3970 Dorval QC H4Y 1G7 AFTN: CYULZXRN

Atlantic Region NAV CANADA Safety and Service Design: (506) 867-7050 222 Old Coach Road AIS: (506) 867-7164 Riverview NB E1B 4G2 Fax: (506) 867-7048 AFTN: CYQMZXRD

9 PRIVATE AIRCRAFT LIABILITY INSURANCE

Anyone who operates an aircraft for private purposes in Canada, whether that aircraft is registered in Canada or elsewhere, must have liability insurance for that aircraft in accordance with CARs 606.02—Liability Insurance.

The types and amount of insurance required are as follows:

(a ) In s u r ance that cover s liability for risks of injury to or death of passenger s is req u i r ed only for aircr aft with a maximum allowable take- o f f weight of more than 2268 kg (5000 lbs.). The amount of insurance cover age req u i r ed is not less than $300 000 per passenger carried on board the aircr aft. For exa m p l e , to carry one passenger you req u i r e $300 000 of insurance cover age; two passengers , $600 000; three passengers , $900 000.

(b) Insurance that covers public liability:

Amount Maximum Allowable Take-off Weight

$ 100 000 0 to 1043 kg (2300 lbs.) $ 500 000 greater than 1043 kg (2300 lbs.) but not greater than 2268 kg (5000 lbs.) $1 000 000 greater than 2268 kg (5000 lbs.) but not greater than 5670 kg (12500 lbs.) $2 000 000 greater than 5670 kg (12 500 lbs.) but not greater than 34 020 kg (75 000 lbs.) $3 000 000 greater than 34 020 kg (75 000 lbs.)

As owner or operator of a private aircra f t , you shall not operate that aircr aft unless th e r e is proof on board the aircr aft that the liability insurance subscribed for in the Reg u l a tions is being carrie d . CANADA’S AIRSPACE

INTRODUCTION

This information has been produced by Transport Canada, Civil Aviation, to provide a better understanding of the airspace structure and classification. For more information, refer to A.I.P. Canada (TP 2300E). Details of the airspace structure and classification are also found in the DAH (TP 1820E).

10 STRUCTURE

The airspace structure defines the physical dimensions of the elements into which the airspace is divided, such as CZs, TCAs, airways, control area exten- sions, transition areas, and transponder airspace.

CLASSIFICATION

Canadian Domestic Airspace is divided into seven classes, each identified by a single letter—A, B, C, D, E, F or G.

CLASS A AIRSPACE

¥ controlled high level airspace in the ¥ Sounthern control area from FL 180 to FL 600 inclusive ¥ Northern control area from FL 230 to FL 600 inclusive ¥ Arctic control area from FL 280 to FL 600 inclusive ¥ only IFR Flights are permitted ¥ all aircraft must be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment

CLASS B AIRSPACE

¥ co n t r olled low level airspace abo ve 12 500 ft. ASL or at and abo ve the mini- mum en route altitude (MEA), whi ch e ver is higher, up to but not inclu d i n g 18 000 ft. AS L ¥ TCAs and associated prim a r y CZs may also be cla s s i f ied as Class B airsp a c e ¥ only IFR and CVFR flights are permitted ¥ ATC separation is provided to all aircraft ¥ all aircraft must be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment

CLASS C AIRSPACE

¥ controlled airspace ¥ TCAs and associated primary CZs may be classified as Class C airspace ¥ IFR and VFR flights are permitted ¥ VFR flights require a clearance from ATC to enter this airspace ¥ ATC separation is provided between all IFR aircraft and between VFR and IFR aircraft to resolve possible conflicts ¥ all aircraft will be provided traffic information ¥ VFR will be provided conflict resolution, upon request ¥ all aircraft must be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure

11 altitude reporting equipment ¥ Class C airspace becomes Class E when the appropriate ATC unit is not in operation CLASS D AIRSPACE

¥ controlled airspace ¥ TCs and associated primary CZs may be classified as Class D airspace ¥ IFR and VFR flights are permitted ¥ VFR flights must establish radio contact before entering this aispace ¥ ATC sepa r ation is provided to IFR aircr aft only ¥ ATC equipment and workload permitting, all aircraft will be provided traffic information ¥ all aircraft must be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment in designated transponder airspace ¥ Class D airspace becomes Class E when the app ro p ri a te ATC unit is not in operati o n CLASS E AIRSPACE

¥ controlled airspace ¥ lo w level airways , co n t r ol area ext e n s i o n s , tr ansition area s , or CZs establi s h e d without an operating control tower may be cla s s i f ied as Class E airsp a c e ¥ IFR and VFR flights are permitted ¥ ATC separation is provided to IFR aircraft only ¥ all aircraft must be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment in designated transponder airspace ¥ no other special requirements for VFR flights CLASS F AIRSPACE

¥ may be controlled or uncontrolled airspace ¥ special-use airspace that can be, among others, an advisory area or a restricted area ¥ gen e ra l l y, no n - p a rt i c i p a ting aircr aft should remain clear of advi s o r y airsp a c e and res t r icted airsp a c e CLASS G AIRSPACE

¥ uncontrolled airspace

NO TE : The base of controlled airspace is 2200 ft. AGL; however , the base of tr ansition areas is 700 ft. AGL .

12 CLASSIFICATION OF CANADIAN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE

13 TRANSPONDER REQUIREMENTS

CARs 601.03—Transponder Airspace states that aircraft shall be equipped with a functioning transponder incorporating an automatic pressure reporting device when operating in the following airspace:

(a) all Class A airspace;

(b) all Class B airspace;

(c) all Class C airspace; and

(d) all Class D and Class E airspace that is specified as "Transponder Airspace" in the DAH (TP 1820E).

This includes all Class E airspace extending upwards from 10 000 ft. ASL up to and including 12 500 ft. ASL within radar coverage.

Pilots of IFR aircraft within controlled high level airspace shall adjust their transponder to reply on Mode A, Code 2000 and on Mode C unless otherwise instructed by ATC.

NOTE: To enhance the safety of IFR flight in uncontrolled high level airspace, pilots are urged to adjust their transponders to reply on Mode A, Code 2000, and Mode C unless otherwise instructed by ATC.

14 TRANSPONDER AIRSPACE

CARs 605.35 outlines the transponder operating rul e , as well as the circu m s t a n c e s in whi c h operation with an unservi c e a ble transponder is permi t t e d . It also outlines the proc e d u r es to fol l o w in order to operate an aircr aft in transponder airsp a c e without a transponder and automatic pres s u r e altitude repo r ting equipment.

15 MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROCEDURES IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES

1. VFR OTT flight in Canada is permitted under VFR in accordance with the CARs. For information on weather minima, aircraft equipment require- ments and pilot qualifications related to VFR OTT, pilots should refer to A.I.P. Canada (RAC Section).

2. Only IFR and CVFR flights are permitted in the Class B Airspace (See A.I.P. Canada).

3. Magnetic tracks are used in the Southern Domestic Airspace and True tracks are used in the Northern Domestic Airspace. (See the “Planning Section” of the CFS.)

4. CZs have been designated around certain aerod r omes to kee p IFR aircra f t within controlled airspace during app ro a c hes and to fac i l i t a te the control of VFR and IFR traf fic . CZs with a civil control tower and within a TCA nor- ma l l y have a 7-NM radius. CZs without a tower , or a civil control tower with- out a TCA would norma l l y have a 5-NM radius. CZs are capped at 3000 ft. AAE unless otherwise specifie d . Military CZs usually have a 10-NM radius and are capped at 6000 ft. AGL. All CZs are depicted on the VFR ae r onautical cha r ts and the En Route Low Altitude Navi g ation Charts .

5. VFR flight in Class B or C controlled airspace

(a) No person operating an aircraft in VFR flight shall enter Class B or C controlled airspace unless a clearance to enter is obtained from the appropriate ATC unit.

(b ) A person operating an aircr aft on a VFR flight in Class B airspace shall op e r ate the aircr aft in VMC at all times. When it becomes evident that flight in VMC will not be possible at the altitude or along the rou t e sp e c i f ied in the ATC cle a ra n c e , the pilot-in-command shall:

(i) request an amended ATC clearance that will enable the aircraft to be operated in VMC to the filed destination or to an alternate aerodrome; or (ii) where the person is the holder of a valid instrument rating, request an IFR clearance for flight under IFR; or

16 (iii) where the Class B airspace is a CZ, request an authorization for special VFR flight.

(c) A person operating an aircraft in Class B controlled airspace in VFR flight who is unable to comply with the requirements of the preceding paragraphs shall ensure that:

(i) the aircraft is operated in VMC at all times; (ii) the aircraft leaves Class B controlled airspace: (A) by the safest and shortest route, either exiting horizontally or by descending; or (B) by landing at the aerodrome on which the CZ is based when that airspace is a CZ; and (iii)an ATC unit is informed as soon as possible of the actions taken pursuant to paragraph 5(c)(ii).

(d) A pilot-in-command of an aircraft in VFR flight cleared to enter Class C airspace shall:

(i) avoid other aircraft; (ii) maintain the appropriate terrain and obstruction clearance; and (iii) remain in VFR weather conditions.

(e) A clearance to enter Class C airspace obtained pursuant to paragraph 5(a) does not guarantee:

(i) separation from other aircraft; (ii) terrain and obstruction clearance; or (iii) appropriate weather conditions.

(f) A person operating an aircraft in VFR flight in Class B or C controlled airspace shall ensure that:

(i) subject to paragraph 5(g), the aircraft is equipped with radio com- munication equipment capable of two-way communication with the appropriate ATC unit; (i i ) exc e pt whe r e a cle a r ance to enter is obtained pursuant to paragraph 5( g ) , a continuous listening watc h is maintained by a flight crew member on a radio freq u e n c y assigned by an ATC unit; and (iii)the aircraft is equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment.

17 (g ) A person operating an aircr aft that is in VFR flight and is not equipped with the radio commun i c a tion and transponder equipment req u i r ed by pa r agraphs 5(f)(i) and 5(f)(iii) may, du r ing daylight hours and in VM C , enter Class B or Class C controlled airspace if authoriz a tion has been obtained from the Minister for Class B airspace or if a cle a r ance to enter is obtained from the app ro p ri a te ATC unit for Class C airsp a c e .

NOTES 1: For more information pilots should refer to A.I.P. Canada (RAC Section). 2: Special VFR is authorized only in CZs if it will not interfere with IFR traf fic . Pilots are res p o n s i b le for their own sepa r ati o n .

6. Altimeter setting procedures are detailed in A.I.P. Canada (RAC Section). See page 30 for boundaries.

7. Mandatory frequency (MF) / aerodrome traffic frequency (ATF)

Transport Canada has designated an MF for use at selected uncontrolled aerodromes or aerodromes that are uncontrolled during certain hours. Aircraft operating within an MF area, on the ground or in the air, shall be equipped with a functioning radio capable of maintaining two-way communications and shall follow common reporting procedures.

An ATF is normally designated for active, uncontrolled aerodromes that do not meet the criteria for an MF.This is to ensure that all radio-equipped aircraft operating on the ground or within the ATF area are listening on a common frequency and following common reporting procedures.

MF and ATF areas are published in the CFS and WAS.

(a) Use of an MF and an ATF

When operating under VF R , or under IFR but in VM C , pilots have sole responsibility for seeing and avoiding other aircr aft. Aur al and visual al e r tness are req u i r ed to enhance flight safety near uncontrolled aero- dr omes. At uncontrolled aerod r omes for whi c h an MF or ATF has been de s i g n at e d , ce r tain repo r ts shall be made by all radio-equipped aircra f t .

NOTE: Pilots operating VFR en route in uncontrolled airspace or VFR on an airway should continuously monitor 126.7 MHz when not communicating on the MF or the ATF.

18 Reports on either the MF or the ATF have three formats:

(i) a directed transmission made to a ground station; (ii) a directed transmission made to a vehicle operator on the ATF; or (iii) a broadcast transmission that is not directed to any particular receiving station.

Whe n e ver the CFS indicates that repo r ts are to be made to a ground stati o n , the initial transmission should be made to the station. To help reduce freq u e n - cy con-gestion on the initial call to a ground station (arrival or depa rt u r e) that has just broadcast an airpo r t advi s o r y, e.g. , wi n d , al t i m e t e r , run w ay in use, run w ay condition repo r t and pertinent traf fic , the pilots should advise "HAVE THE NUMBERS." When operating outside an MF area and when freq u e n c y co n g estion prevents pilots from making their mandato r y calls, it is their responsibility to remain clear of the MF until contact can be established with the FSS. If operating inside an MF area , the pilot should continue as stated in pr evious radio tran s m i s s i o n s .

Pilot: CHARLO RADIO, BELLANCA FOXTROT X-RAYYANKEE ZULU-6 SOUTHWEST 3-500 VFR. INBOUND LANDING WITH THE NUMBERS.

Should there be no acknowledgement of a directed transmission to a ground station or a vehicle operator, reports shall be made in the broadcast format unless the ground station or vehicle operator subsequently estab- lishes two-way contact, in which case pilots shall resume communicating by directed transmission.

Examples:

Di re c t e d : CHARLO RADIO, THIS IS PIPER FOXT R OT X-RAY YAN K E E ZULU BEACON INBOUND LANDING RUN W AY 18. or CHARLO VEHICLES, THIS IS PIPER FOXTROT X-RAY YANKEE ZULU-…

Broadcast: CHARLO TRAFFIC, THIS IS PIPER FOXTROT X-RAYYANKEE ZULU-…

19 (b) VFR communication procedures at uncontrolled aerodromes with MF and ATF areas

(i) Radio-equipped aircraft

The following procedures shall be followed by pilots of radio- equipped aircraft at uncontrolled aerodromes within an MF area and should also be followed by pilots at aerodromes with ATFs:

(A) Operations on manoeuvring area Report intentions before entering the manoeuvring area, and maintain a listening watch on the MF or ATF frequency while operating an aircraft on the manoeuvring area. (CARs 602.99)

(B) Departure (1 ) Complete pre- t a ke o f f che c k and repo r t depa rt u r e intentions on the MF or ATF freq u e n c y befor e moving onto the run - way. If a delay is encountered , br oadcast intentions and expected length of delay; (2 ) As c e r tain by radio on the MF or ATF freq u e n c y and by visual observation that no other aircr aft or veh i c le is likel y to come into contact with the aircr aft during takeo f f; and (3 ) Rep o r t depa rt u r e from the aerod r ome traf fic circu i t , an d monitor the MF or ATF freq u e n c y until well cle a r ed of the ar ea (5 to 10 NM) (CARs 602.100).

(C) Arrival (1) Report position, altitude, arrival procedure intentions and estimated time of landing at least five minutes (where possible) before entering the area; (2) Maintain a listening watch on the MF or ATF while in the area; (3) Report joining the circuit pattern, giving position in the pattern; (4) Report on downwind leg, if applicable; (5) Report established on final approach; and (6) Report clear of the active runway after landing (CARs 602.101).

20 (D) Continuous circuits (1) Report entering the downwind leg; (2) Report established on final approach; and (3 ) Rep o r t clear of active run w ay after final landing (CARs 60 2 . 1 0 2 ) .

(E) Local flying Maintain a listening watch on the designated MF or ATF when operating within the area.

(F) En route reports when flying through an MF area (1) Report position, altitude and intentions before entering the area; (2) Maintain a listening watch on the MF or ATF while in the area; and (3) Report clear of the area (CARs 602.103).

NO TE : In the interests of minimizing possible conflict with local traf fic and minimizing radio congestion on the MF or ATF , pilots of en rou t e VFR aircr aft should avoid passing through MF or ATF area s .

(ii) NORDO

NORDO aircraft will only be included as traffic to other aircraft and ground traffic as follows:

(A) Arrival From five minutes before the ETA until 10 minutes after the ETA, and (B) Departure From just prior to the aircraft departing until 10 minutes after the departure, or until the aircraft is observed/reported clear of the MF area.

(c) Aircraft without two-way radio (NORDO/RONLY)

(i) Prior arrangements Aircraft without a functioning two-way radio may operate on the manoeuvring area or within the MF area associated with an uncontrolled aerodrome, provided:

21 (A ) an FSS, a CARS or an RCO is located at the aerod ro m e and is operating at the time proposed for the operation; and

(B) prior arrangements, by telephone or in person, have been made with the appropriate agency, FSS, CARS, or in the case of an RCO, the parent FSS. (See CFS or WAS.)

When a pilot-in-command intends to operate at an uncon- trolled aerodrome for which an MF has been designated, the pilot-in-command shall ascertain by visual observations that no other aircraft or vehicle is likely to come into conflict with the aircraft during takeoff or landing.

Pilots of NORDO/RONLY aircraft must be extremely vigilant when operating at either controlled or uncontrolled aero- dromes. They must ensure through prior arrangements that other aircraft and vehicles will be informed of their presence within the area.

(ii) RONLY When operating an aircraft equipped with a VHF receiver capable of receiving transmissions on the MF, pilots shall maintain a listening watch on the MF when operating on the manoeuvring area or within the MF area.

(d) Traffic circuits at uncontrolled aerodromes—radio-equipped and NORDO/RONLY aircraft

When app ro a c hing an uncontrolled aerod ro m e , pilots of both rad i o - equipped and NORDO/RON L Y aircr aft shall enter the circuit as il l u s t r ated in the fol l o wing diagram. Pilots of NORDO/RON L Y air- cr aft shall further ensure that the aircr aft completes at least two sides of a rectangular circuit befor e turning on to the final app ro a c h path .

22 Standard Left-Hand Circuit Pattern

8. When en route in uncontrolled airsp a c e , monitor 126.7 MHz and broa d c a s t position repo rt s , cr uising level and altitude cha n g es. Pilots should broa d c a s t an y cha n g es or other flight manoeuvres in order to alert and infor m pilots in their vicinity of their intentions.

9. The procedures to be followed with regard to an ELT are detailed in the CFS and A.I.P. Canada (SAR Section).

10. To permit identification and control of aircraft in the interest of national security, ADIZ, have been established.The boundaries of these zones, as well as special ADIZ flight planning procedures, are detailed in A.I.P. Canada (RAC Sections 2.13 and 3.9).

11 . Pilots are req u i r ed to file a VFR flight plan or flight itinerar y for ever y cros s co u n t r y flight when more than 25 NM from the aerod r ome of depa rt u r e or when operating between Canada and a for eign state . Specific req u i re m e n t s ar e detailed in A. I . P . Canada (R A C Section).

12. Special procedures listed in the CFS and WAS are in effect at certain aerodromes and should be complied with.

In addition, the following information may be helpful:

23 (a) For the convenience of chart users, aeronautical chart dealers are established at most aerodromes across Canada, as indicated in the “Planning” sections of the CFS and WAS.

(b ) Cu r rent NOTAMs concerning significant aerod r ome services and fac i l i t i e s ma y be obtained from var ious FSS, via telephone or A/G using the fr equencies published on the cha r ts or in the Supplements.

(c) Weather reports and forecasts may be obtained by telephone from FSS, or other weather agencies. Consult the Supplements for details.

(d) Primary tower frequencies and radio facility frequencies are shown on the aeronautical charts and are listed in the Supplements. The VHF emergency frequency is 121.5 MHz.

(e) Pilots are cautioned that parachute descents, hang gliding, soaring or ultra-light aeroplane activities in UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE may be conducted at unspecified times and without co-ordination by ATC or notification by NOTAM. Known areas where these types of activi- ties occur regularly are so indicated on the visual charts using the appropriate symbols.

(f) Significant data not shown on the visual charts may be found under “VFR Chart Updating Data” in the “Planning” sections of the CFS and WAS.

FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS—NIAGARA FALLS, ONTARIO

Special procedures exist for overflying the Niagara Falls Scenic Area. See the CFS “Aerodrome/Facility Directory” for details.

FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS—FOREST FIRES

In accordance with the CARs, aircraft shall not be operated over a forest fire area, or over any area that is located within 5 NM of a forest fire area, at an altitude of less than 3000 ft. AGL, or in any airspace that is described in a NOTAM issued by the Minister.

24 The Minister may issue a NOTAM restricting flights around and over a forest fire area or within airspace in which forest fire control operations are being conducted.These restrictions do not apply to those aircraft operating at the request of the appropriate fire control authority (i.e., water bombers), or to Department of Transport aircraft engaged in the surveillance and enforcement of aviation legislation. The NOTAM would set out the location and dimensions of the forest fire area, any airspace in which forest fire control operations are being conducted, and the length of time during which flights are restricted in the airspace. FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS INTO NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL PARKS

Access to national, provincial and municipal parks is governed by regulations enacted by the respective parks authorities.

All national, provincial and municipal parks are closed to aircraft unless other- wise specified in the A.I.P. Canada or the Supplements. On a prior-permission basis, some parks will permit access to private flights while others may author- ize commercially registered aircrafts.

To help pilots obtain the req u i r ed permi s s i o n , NAV CANAD A publishes the names and telephone num b e r s of app l i c a ble park authorities in the “Ae ro d ro m e / Fa c i l i t y Di re c t o ry ” of the CFS and WAS for any aerod ro m e / h e l i p o r t located within pa r k boundarie s .

To preserve the natural environment of parks, reserves and refuges, and to minimize the disturbance to the natural habitat, overflights should not be con- ducted below 2000 ft. AGL. To assist pilots in observing this, boundaries are depicted on the affected charts. SPARSELY SETTLED AREAS

Many areas of Canada are sparsley settled and special precautions are required by pilots flying into these areas because of problems with navigation, severe weather conditions combined with limited weather information, limited fuel supplies, and limited aircraft servicing facilities. Visiting pilots are cautioned to carefully plan flights into unfamiliar areas in sparsely settled territory. They should also seek advice from those who know the area. Locally stationed

25 personnel of the RCMP, DND, TC Region, NAV CANADA and local operators can often provide assistance. SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT—FLIGHTS OVER LAND

According to CARs 602.61, Survival Equipment - Flights over land.

(1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate an aircr aft over land unless th e r e is carried on board survi val equipment, su f ficient for the survi val on the ground of each person on board, given the geo graphical area , the season of the year and anticipated seasonal cli m a tic vari at i o n s , th a t provides the means for

(a) starting a fire;

(b) providing shelter;

(c) providing or purifying water; and

(d) visually signalling distress.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of

(a ) a balloon, a glider, a hang glider, a gyr oplane or an ultra-light aerop l a n e ;

(b) an aircraft that is operated within 25 NM of the aerodrome of depar- ture and that has the capability of radiocommunication with a surface- based radio station for the duration of the flight;

(c) a multi-engined aircraft that is operated south of 66 o 30' north latitude

(i) in IFR flight within controlled airspace, or

(ii) along designated air routes;

(d ) an aircr aft that is operated by an air operato r , whe r e the aircr aft is equipped with equipment specified in the air operator's company opera- tions manua l , but not with the equipment req u i r ed by subsection (1); or

(e) an aircraft that is operated in a geographical area where and at a time of year when the survival of the persons on board is not jeopardized.

26 SURVIVAL ADVISORY INFORMATION

A basic survival manual should be carried, appropriate to the area of flight.

Private pilots should obtain some training in certain aspects of survival if they have never spent time in the bush in winter or summer.Those planning to fly above the tree line should obtain more specialized training.

Locating and saving people in aeronautical emergencies has been greatly improved by the changes implemented by the COSPAS-SARSAT members. Today the COSPAS-SARSAT system provides global detection capability by satellite.The improvements in reliability of ELTs in conjunction with the glob- al application COSPAS-SARSAT systems has greatly increased the chances of early detection and location of crash survivors. The carriage of food is no longer a critical item in survival and is left as a choice of the individual opera- tor. OTHER USEFUL TOURIST INFORMATION

The offices listed below provide free travel information

British Columbia Tourism British Columbia (604) 663-6000 P.O. Box 9830 1-800-663-6000 (Canada and U.S.) Station Provincial Government Victoria BC V8W 9W5 Mon. to Fri.: 7:00Ð18:00; Sat. and Sun.: 9:00Ð17:00

Alberta Travel Alberta (403) 427-4321 1055 - 102 Street 1-800-661-8888 (Canada and U.S.) 3rd Floor, Commerce Place Edmonton AB T5J 4G8 Mon. to Fri.: 8:30Ð16:30

27 Saskatchewan Tourism Saskatchewan (306) 787-2300 500 - 1900 Albert Street 1-800-667-7191 (Canada and U.S.) Regina SK S4P 4L9 Mon. to Fri.: 8:00Ð19:00; Sat. and Sun.: 9:00Ð16:00

Manitoba Travel Manitoba (204) 945-3777 155 Carleton Street 1-800-665-0040 (Canada and U.S.) 7th Floor Winnipeg MB R3C 3H8 Mon. to Thurs.: 8:30Ð18:00; Fri.: 8:30Ð20:00; Sat. and Sun.: 10:00Ð18:00

Ontario Travel Links Ontario (416) 314-0944 (English) 1 Concorde Gate (416) 314-0956 (French) 9th Floor Don Mills ON M3C 3N6 1-800-ONTARIO (Canada and U.S.) Mon. to Fri.: 9:00Ð17:00; Sat. and Sun.: 10:00Ð17:00

Quebec Tourisme Québec (514) 873-2015 C.P. 979 1-800-363-7777 (Canada and U.S.) Montréal QC H3C 2W3 Mon. to Sun.: 9:00Ð18:00

New Brunswick Tourism New Brunswick 1-800-561-0123 (Canada and U.S.) P.O. Box 6000 Fredericton NB E3B 5H1 Mon. to Fri.: 8:00Ð21:00; Sat. and Sun.: 9:00Ð18:00

Nova Scotia Economic Development and Tou ri s m (902) 424-5000 1800 Argyle Street 1-800-565-0000 (Canada & U.S.) Halifax NS B3J 2R7 Mon. to Fri.: 8:30Ð16:30

28 Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Visitor Info. Centre (902) 368-4444 P.O. Box 940 1-800-463-4734 (Canada and U.S.) 178 Water Street Charlottetown PE C1A 7M5 Mon. to Sat.: 8:00Ð22:00

Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Tourism, Culture (709) 729-2830 and Recreation 1-800-563-NFLD (Canada and U.S.) P.O. Box 8730 (24 hours) St. John’s NF A1B 4K2

Northwest Territories Northwest Territories Tourism (867) 873-7200 P.O. Box 610 1-800-661-0788 (Canada and U.S.) Yellowknife NT X1A 2N5 Mon. to Fri.: 8:00Ð18:00

Yukon Tourism Yukon (867) 667-5340 P.O. Box 2703 Whitehorse YT Y1A 2C6 Mon. to Fri.: 8:30Ð17:00

National Parks Canadian Heritage (613) 997-0055 (for information Ottawa ON K1A 0H3 about Canada’s national parks, historic parks and sites, and heritage canals) Mon. to Fri.: 8:30Ð17:00

Aviation Tourist Information Aviation Council of (604) 278-9330 British Columbia 303 - 5360 Airport Road South Richmond BC V7B 1B4 Mon. to Fri.: 8:00Ð16:30

29 CANADIAN AIRSPACE BOUNDARIES

NO TE : On l y aircr aft certi f ied by state of regis t r y as meeting minimum navi g ati o n pe r fo r mance specific a tions (MNPS) of either the North Atlantic (NAT) or Canada will be permitted to operate within the designated Canadian min- im um navi g ation perfor mance specific a tions (CMNPS) airsp a c e , un l e s s the app ro p ri a te ATC unit indicates that the aircr aft in question can be ac c o m m o d a ted without penalizing CMNPS certi f ied aircr aft. See A. I . P . Canada, RA C 11.0 and 12.0, for details.

30 ALTIMETER SETTING AND DESIGNATED MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

Aircraft operated in accordance with IFR within designated mountainous regions, but outside of areas for which minimum altitudes for IFR operations have been established (including minimum radar vectoring altitudes), shall be flown at an altitude of at least 2000 ft. above the highest obstacle within 5 NM of the aircraft in flight when in areas 1 and 5; 1500 ft. when in areas 2, 3 and 4; and 1000 ft. elsewhere in Canada.

31