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Relations Entre Partis Politiques Et Parlementaires En Haïti

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Relations Entre Partis Politiques Et Parlementaires En Haïti La présente étude, fruit d’une collaboration entre le bureau d’IDEA Interna- tional en Haïti et l’Union européenne, se penche de plus près sur la relation qu’entretiennent les partis politiques haïtiens avec leurs membres élus-es au Parlement, à travers le regard d’éminentes personnalités politiques du pays. Se focalisant essentiellement autour de la 49ème législature (2011-2015), cette étude met en lumière les phénomènes politiques courants qui entravent le bon fonctionnement des partis et affaiblissent les performances du Parlement : transfuges, fragmentation, absence de majorité pour création d’alliances basées sur des convictions idéologiques. L’originalité de cette étude réside également dans son format : cet ouvrage collectif donne la voix à des hommes et femmes politiques, responsables de partis représentés au Parlement, ou à des partis ayant une expérience parle- mentaire et dirigés par des femmes. Qu’est-ce qu’IDEA International ? Créée en 1995, l’Institut international pour la démocratie et l’assistance électorale (IDEA International) est une organisation intergouvernementale dont la mission est de soutenir la démocratie durable parlementaires dans le monde. IDEA International est la seule organisation intergouvernementale ayant pour unique mandat de soutenir la démocratie. Son ambition est d’être le premier acteur mondial dans le partage de connaissances et d’expériences comparatives favorisant la démocratie. Relations entre IDEA International produit des connaissances comparatives dans ses grands domaines d’expertise : processus électoraux, élaboration de constitutions, participation et représentation politiques, et la démocratie et le partis politiques et développement. Au niveau de la démocratie, IDEA met l’accent sur l’égalité des sexes, la diversité, les conflits et la sécurité. parlementaires en Haïti Relations entre partis entre en Haïti politiques et parlementaires Relations Perspectives de 18 personnalités politiques Union Européenne Cette publication a été réalisée avec le support de l’Union Européenne IDEA International International IDEA élu 4, rue Cretonne Strömsborg Delmas 71 S-103 34 Stockholm Port-au-Prince Sweden relation Dépôt légal Haïti Phone : +46 8 698 37 00 Bibliothèque Nationale : 15-09-700 Phone : +509 3702-2311 Pax : +46 8 20 24 22 ISBN : 978-91-7671-018-0 E-mail : [email protected] E-mail : [email protected] Relations entre partis politiques et parlementaires en Haïti Perspectives de 18 personnalités politiques Sous la direction de Hérold Jean-François © International IDEA (Institut International pour la Démocratie et l’Assistance Electorale) 2015 Les publications d’International IDEA sont indépendantes de tout intérêt na- tional ou politique spécifique. Les opinions exprimées dans la présente publi- cation ne représentent pas nécessairement les opinions d’International IDEA, de son conseil d’administration ou des membres de son comité. Toute demande d’autorisation pour la reproduction ou la traduction, intégrale ou partielle, de cette publication doit être adressée à : International IDEA Strömborg SE-103 34 Stockholm Suède International IDEA encourage la diffusion de ses travaux et répondra rapi- dement aux demandes d’autorisation de reproduction ou de traduction de ses publications. Achevé d’imprimer en Septembre 2015 Conception graphique et impression : EXL Consulting Group, Haïti Dépôt légal Bibliothèque Nationale d’Haïti : 15-09-700 ISBN : 978-91-7671-018-0 Cette publication a été réalisée avec le support de l’Union Européenne. 2 | Table des matières Liste des acronymes ......................................................................................................6 Avant-propos ............................................................................................................... 7 Mot de l’Ambassadeur de l’Union européenne ......................................................... 11 En guise d’introduction .............................................................................................. 13 Chapitre I ...............................................................................................................17 Parti politique Rassemblement des démocrates nationaux progressistes ................. 19 Entrevue avec Mirlande H. Manigat, ex-Sénatrice, Secrétaire Générale du RDNP Parti politique Ansanm nou fò ................................................................................... 31 Entrevue avec Danton Léger, ex-Député de Léogane Institutionnalisation des rapports entre les partis politiques et leurs élus-es parlementaires en Haïti ............................................................................................. 41 Synthèse de Jean Marvel Dandin Commentaires de la rédaction ................................................................................... 58 Chapitre II ..............................................................................................................61 Parti politique Lavni (1) ............................................................................................. 63 Entrevue avec Abel Descollines, ex-Député de Mirebalais / Boucan Carré Parti politique Lavni (2) ............................................................................................. 67 Entrevue avec Eric Prévost Jr., Secrétaire Général de Lavni Parti politique Kontrapèpla ........................................................................................ 73 Entrevue avec Jean William Jeanty, ex-Sénateur des Nippes, Coord. National Parti politique Fanmi lavalas .......................................................................................79 Entrevue avec Louis Gérald Gilles, ex-Sénateur de l’Ouest Quels partis politiques pour Haïti ? ............................................................................85 Synthèse de Colette Lespinasse Commentaires de la rédaction ....................................................................................98 | 3 Chapitre III ........................................................................................................... 101 Parti politique Inite ...................................................................................................103 Entrevue avec Saurel Jacynthe, ex-Président Chambre Députés Parti politique Fusion des socio-démocrates ............................................................113 Entrevue avec Edmonde Supplice Beauzile, Présidente de la Fusion Parti politique Mouvement chrétien pour une nouvelle Haïti (1) ..............................121 Entrevue avec Reynold Jean-Claude Bazin, Président du MOCHRENA Parti politique Mouvement chrétien pour une nouvelle Haïti (2) ..............................127 Entrevue avec Sadrac Dieudonné, Secrétaire Général du MOCHRENA Haïti, partis politiques, entre pragmatisme et opportunisme ....................................133 Synthèse de Gabriel Nicolas Commentaires de la rédaction ...................................................................................138 Chapitre IV ............................................................................................................141 Parti politique Respè ..................................................................................................143 Entrevue avec Charles Henri Baker, Président de Respè Parti politique Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (1) ...................................................................149 Entrevue avec Willy Jean-Baptiste, Sénateur de l’Artibonite, dirigeant de AAA Parti politique Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (2) ...................................................................157 Entrevue avec Pierre Ermence Poitevien, Membre du Directoire de AAA Parti politique Repons peyizan ...................................................................................161 Entrevue avec Fednel Monchéry, Coordonateur Général de Repons peyizan Pour un dialogue fécond entre partis politiques et élus-es .......................................169 Synthèse d’Hérold Toussaint Commentaires de la rédaction ...................................................................................187 4 | Chapitre V ..............................................................................................................189 Parti politique pou nou tout (PONT) ..........................................................................191 Entrevue avec Johnny Massilien, Secrétaire Général du PONT Parti politique Mouvement démocratique pour la libération d’Haïti ........................197 Entrevue avec Vikens Dérius, ex-Député de Verrettes Parti politique Organisation du peuple en lutte (OPL) ...............................................203 Entrevue avec Francisco De La Cruz, Coordonateur par interim de l’OPL, et avec Yrvelt Chery, ex-Sénateur du Sud-Est Haïti, partis, élus-es, dés-identification .....................................................................211 Synthèse de Hérold Toussaint Commentaires de la rédaction ..................................................................................231 Chapitre VI ............................................................................................................235 Les partis politiques au parlement : miroir ou ombre des luttes ...............................237 Alfred Pierre Conclusion de l’étude .................................................................................................259 Annexes ................................................................................................................267 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................267
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