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Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns
Order Code RL32294 Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns Updated January 25, 2008 Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Clare Ribando Seelke Analyst in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns Summary Following the first free and fair elections in Haiti’s history, Jean-Bertrand Aristide first became Haitian President in February 1991. He was overthrown by a military coup in September 1991. For over three years, the military regime resisted international demands that Aristide be restored to office. In September 1994, after a U.S. military intervention had been launched, the military regime agreed to Aristide’s return, the immediate, unopposed entry of U.S. troops, and the resignation of its leadership. President Aristide returned to Haiti in October 1994 under the protection of some 20,000 U.S. troops, and disbanded the Haitian army. U.S. aid helped train a civilian police force. Subsequently, critics charged Aristide with politicizing that force and engaging in corrupt practices. Elections held under Aristide and his successor, René Préval (1996-2000), including the one in which Aristide was reelected in 2000, were marred by alleged irregularities, low voter turnout, and opposition boycotts. Efforts to negotiate a resolution to the electoral dispute frustrated the international community for years. Tension and violence continued throughout Aristide’s second term, culminating in his departure from office in February 2004, after the opposition repeatedly refused to negotiate a political solution and armed groups took control of half the country. -
Country Fact Sheet HAITI June 2007
National Documentation Packages, Issue Papers and Country Fact Sheets Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada www.irb-cisr.gc.ca ● Français ● Home ● Contact Us ● Help ● Search ● canada.gc.ca Home > Research > National Documentation Packages, Issue Papers and Country Fact Sheets Country Fact Sheet HAITI June 2007 Disclaimer 3. POLITICAL PARTIESF Front for Hope (Front de l’espoir, Fwon Lespwa): The Front for Hope was founded in 2005 to support the candidacy of René Préval in the 2006 presidential election.13 This is a party of alliances that include the Effort and Solidarity to Build a National and Popular Alternative (Effort de solidarité pour la construction d’une alternative nationale et populaire, ESCANP);14 the Open the Gate Party (Pati Louvri Baryè, PLB);15 and grass-roots organizations, such as Grand-Anse Resistance Committee Comité de résistance de Grand-Anse), the Central Plateau Peasants’ Group (Mouvement paysan du plateau Central) and the Southeast Kombit Movement (Mouvement Kombit du SudEst or Kombit Sudest).16 The Front for Hope is headed by René Préval,17 the current head of state, elected in 2006.18 In the 2006 legislative elections, the party won 13 of the 30 seats in the Senate and 24 of the 99 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.19 Merging of Haitian Social Democratic Parties (Parti Fusion des sociaux-démocrates haïtiens, PFSDH): This party was created on 23 April 2005 with the fusion of the following three democratic parties: Ayiti Capable (Ayiti kapab), the National Congress of Democratic Movements (Congrès national des -
Haiti and the Jean Dominique Investigation: an Interview with Mario Joseph and Brian Concannon
136 The Journal of Haitian Studies, Vol. 13 No. 2 © 2007 Jeb Sprague University of Manchester Haiti and the Jean Dominique Investigation: An Interview with Mario Joseph and Brian Concannon On April 3, 2000, Jean Dominique, Haiti’s most popular journalist, was shot four times in the chest as he arrived for work at Radio Haïti. The station’s security guard Jean-Claude Louissant was also killed in the attack. The President of Haiti, René Préval, ordered three days of official mourning and 16,000 people reportedly attended his funeral. A documentary film released in 2003, The Agronomist, by Academy Award-winning director Jonathan Demme featured Dominique’s inspiring life. However, since Dominique’s death the investigation into his murder has sparked a constant point of controversy.1 Attorneys Mario Joseph and Brian Concannon worked for the Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (BAI), a human rights lawyer’s office supported by both the Préval and Aristide governments. The BAI was tasked with helping to investigate the killings. A discussion with the two attorneys reveals the unpublished perspective of former government insiders who worked on the case and their thoughts on the role of former Senator Dany Toussaint, the investigation headed by Judge Claudy Gassant, the mobilization around the case, and recent revelations made by Guy Philippe, a leader of the ex-military organization Front pour la Libération et la Réconstruction Nationales (FLRN). This interview was conducted over the telephone and by e-mail during April and May of 2007. Haiti and the Jean Dominique Investigation 137 JS: It has been seven years since Jean Dominique was killed. -
HAITIAN REFUGEES and CARIBBEAN RIGHTS
A Report by AMERICAS WATCH, THE NATIONAL COALITION FOR HAITIAN REFUGEES and CARIBBEAN RIGHTS November 1, 1991 HAITI The Aristide Government's Human Rights Record INTRODUCTION The September 30 military coup d'etat in Haiti has thrust to center stage the human rights record of the ousted government of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The coup was less than a day old when its perpetrators began to justify the overthrow of the country's elected president by alleging human rights abuses under his rule. The irony of this criticism, coming from troops who had just toppled a popularly elected government and murdered at least three hundred INTRODUCTION.......................................INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1 civilians, has been widely noted. Nonetheless, the INTRODUCTION Background: The Election of charges are sufficiently troublesome to warrant a serious response -- all the more so because the military has since chosen Jean-Jacques Honorat, a leading human rights figure, as the prime minister December 16, 1990....................................................... 7 of their provisional government. Until then perhaps Haiti's pre-eminent human rights monitor, Honorat has sought to justify the coup by comparing President Aristide's human rights POSITIVE STEPSTEPSS BY THE ARISTIDE record to that of Uganda's Idi Amin and GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT................................................................... 8 Cambodia's Pol Pot.1 The issue of human rights under Extending Civilian Control President Aristide took on critical importance for Over the Military ........................................................... 8 Haiti's future when charges of abuse appeared to Abolishing the System of be taken up by the U.S. State Department. Section Chiefs................................................................. 9 Attempts to Curb Military Impunity...................................... 10 According to The New York Times, U.S. -
A Haiti Chronicle the Undoing of a Latent Democracy, 1999-2001
A Haiti Chronicle The Undoing of a Latent Democracy, 1999-2001 Daniel Whitman Cover photo by Daniel Kedar, Haiti: Reflections. www.kedar.net © Copyright 2005, Daniel Whitman. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written prior permission of the author. Note for Librarians: a cataloguing record for this book that includes Dewey Decimal Classification and US Library of Congress numbers is available from the National Library of Canada. The complete cataloguing record can be obtained from the National Library’s online database at: www.nlc-bnc.ca/amicus/index-e.html ISBN 1-4120-3399-3 Printed in Victoria, BC, Canada Offices in Canada, USA, Ireland, UK and Spain This book was published on-demand in cooperation with Trafford Publishing. On-demand publishing is a unique process and service of making a book available for retail sale to the public taking advantage of on-demand manufacturing and Internet marketing. On-demand publishing includes promotions, retail sales, manufacturing, order fulfilment, and accounting. Books sales in Europe: Trafford Publishing (UK) Ltd., Enterprise House, Wistaston Road Business Centre, Wistaston Road, Crewe CW27RP UNITED KINGDOM phone 01270 251 396 (local rate 0845 230 9601) facsimile 01270 254 983; [email protected] Book sales for North America and international: Trafford Publishing, 6E–2333 Government St., Victoria, BC V8T 4P4 CANADA phone 250 383 6864 (toll-free 1 888 232 4444) fax 250 383 6804; email to [email protected] www.trafford.com/robots/04-1226.html 10 9 8 7 6 5 Counselor for Public Affairs at the U.S. -
Haiti After the Elections: Challenges for Préval’S First 100 Days
Policy Briefing Latin America/Caribbean Briefing N°10 Port-au-Prince/Brussels, 11 May 2006 Haiti after the Elections: Challenges for Préval’s First 100 Days I. OVERVIEW Deep structural challenges still threaten what may be Haiti’s last chance to extricate itself from chaos and despair, and action in the first 100 days is needed to René Préval’s inauguration on 14 May 2006 opens a convey to Haitians that a new chapter has been opened crucial window of opportunity for Haiti to move beyond in their history. political polarisation, crime and economic decline. The Security. It is essential to preserve the much 7 February presidential and parliamentary elections improved security situation in the capital since the succeeded despite logistical problems, missing tally sheets end of January. In large part the improvement stems and the after-the-fact reinterpretation of the electoral from a tacit truce declared by some of the main law. There was little violence, turnout was high, and the gangs – especially those in Cité Soleil – whose results reflected the general will. The 21 April second leaders support Préval. The new administration round parliamentary elections were at least as calm, and and MINUSTAH should pursue efforts to combine although turnout was lower, the electoral machinery reduced gang violence with rapid implementation of operated more effectively. During his first 100 days high-profile interventions to benefit the inhabitants in office, the new president needs to form a governing of the capital’s worst urban districts. Urgent action partnership with a multi-party parliament, show Haitians is needed to disarm and dismantle urban and rural some visible progress with international help and build armed gangs through a re-focused Disarmament, on a rare climate of optimism in the country. -
Relations Entre Partis Politiques Et Parlementaires En Haïti
La présente étude, fruit d’une collaboration entre le bureau d’IDEA Interna- tional en Haïti et l’Union européenne, se penche de plus près sur la relation qu’entretiennent les partis politiques haïtiens avec leurs membres élus-es au Parlement, à travers le regard d’éminentes personnalités politiques du pays. Se focalisant essentiellement autour de la 49ème législature (2011-2015), cette étude met en lumière les phénomènes politiques courants qui entravent le bon fonctionnement des partis et affaiblissent les performances du Parlement : transfuges, fragmentation, absence de majorité pour création d’alliances basées sur des convictions idéologiques. L’originalité de cette étude réside également dans son format : cet ouvrage collectif donne la voix à des hommes et femmes politiques, responsables de partis représentés au Parlement, ou à des partis ayant une expérience parle- mentaire et dirigés par des femmes. Qu’est-ce qu’IDEA International ? Créée en 1995, l’Institut international pour la démocratie et l’assistance électorale (IDEA International) est une organisation intergouvernementale dont la mission est de soutenir la démocratie durable parlementaires dans le monde. IDEA International est la seule organisation intergouvernementale ayant pour unique mandat de soutenir la démocratie. Son ambition est d’être le premier acteur mondial dans le partage de connaissances et d’expériences comparatives favorisant la démocratie. Relations entre IDEA International produit des connaissances comparatives dans ses grands domaines d’expertise : processus électoraux, élaboration de constitutions, participation et représentation politiques, et la démocratie et le partis politiques et développement. Au niveau de la démocratie, IDEA met l’accent sur l’égalité des sexes, la diversité, les conflits et la sécurité. -
KILTI POLITIK POU DEMOKRASI: AYITI, 2008 © Vanderbilt University 2006
Version # 18Qirev IRB Approval: #071086 KILTI POLITIK POU DEMOKRASI: AYITI, 2008 © Vanderbilt University 2006. Derechos reservados. All rights reserved. Dwa resève. Peyi: 1. Meksik 2. Gwatemala 3. Salvadò 4. Ondiras 5. Nikaragwa 6. Kosta Rika 7. Panama 8. Kolonbi 9. Ekwatè 10. Bolivi 11. Pewou 12. Paragwey 13. Chili PAIS 22 14. Irigwey 15. Brezil. 16. venezyela 17. Ajantin 21. Dominikani 22. Ayiti 23. Jamayik 24.Giyànn 25. Trinidad 40. Letazini 41. Kanada IDNUM. Nimewo keksyonè a [Pou ekri nan biwo a]__________________ IDNUM ESTRATOPRI: (2201) Zòn metwopolitèn (2202) Rejyon 1 (Nò-Nòdwès-Nòdès) ESTRATOPRI 22 (2003) Rejyon 2 (Sant-Latibonit) (2204) Rejyon 3 (Lwès) (2205) Rejyon 4 (Sid-Sidès-Grandans/Nip) UPM.____________________________________________________________ UPM DEPATMAN:_________________________________________ PROV KOMIN: _________________________________________________________________ MUNICIPIO SEKSYON: _________________________________________ SECTOR SEGMAN HAISEGMENTO Zòn___________________________________________________________ HAISEC Lokasyon HAILOCATION CLUSTER. (Pwen echantiyon an) [Pa plis ke 8 ankèt lavil, 12 nan seksyon CLUSTER kominal yo] UR (1) Lavil (2) Seksyon kominal UR Gwosè zòn nan: (1) Kapital Nasyonal (metwopolitèn) (2) Gwo vil (3) Vil mwayèn (4) Ti vil (5) Seksyon kominal TAMANO Lang ankèt la: (1) Kreyòl IDIOMAQ Lè ak minit ankèt la kòmanse: _____:_____ [Pa antre yo] ------------ Dat ankèt la Jou: ____ mwa:_______ lane: 2008 FECHA REMAK: Li ENPOTAN POU LI LÈT KONSANTMAN ANVAN OU KOMANSE ANKÈT LA 1 Q1. Seks -
Haiti News Roundup February 4 -7, 2006
HAITI NEWS ROUNDUP FEBRUARY 4 -7, 2006 Waiting In Misery Haitians voting in national elections found mostly peaceful conditions. But can the peace survive the ballot results? By Malcolm Beith Newsweek, Web Exclusive Updated: 5:59 p.m. ET Feb. 7, 2006 Feb. 7, 2006 - Samuel Bien Aimé woke up at 4 a.m. Tuesday morning ready to vote. After trekking 2.5 miles to the nearest polling station in Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, and standing patiently in line for nearly six hours, Bien Aimé finally cast his ballot for presidential candidate Rene Preval. "I waited in misery for this," said the smiling 28-year-old as he left the polling station near the capital's Cité Soleil slum. As a country, Haiti is no stranger to such sentiments. The country's presidential and parliamentary elections have been postponed four times since November, and given the country’s long troubled history of governance, the excitement about these elections has been brewing some time. The postponements—due to the lack of organization and coordination of the Provisional Election Council, the Organization of American States and the United Nations—have only led to more expectancy among the population. And, of course, in a country which has endured 33 military coups in its 202 years of independence, there is the anticipation of violence—despite the presence of 9,000 UN peacekeepers. When the time to vote finally came on Tuesday, the worst fears of widespread bloodshed didn't follow. In the trash-strewn streets of Port-au-Prince, thousands of Haitians waited patiently in crowded winding lines for hours. -
Internationalist Racist Provocation Against Ghetto Youth France: Orkers an Yo T Revolt -~L?Ffilj Ufrf D) 1[ .! ®(YJR ~· - · ·.~
April- ay 2 06 No. 23 $2 €2 Internationalist Racist Provocation Against Ghetto Youth France: orkers an Yo t Revolt -~l?ffilj ufrf d) 1[ .! ®(YJR ~· - · ·.~ Bolivia: Morales Over an Abyss ....... 74 Defeat the Anti-Abortion Crusade...... 38 2 The Internationalist April-May 2006 In this issue... French Government Forced to Back Down on Youth Jobs Laws ............................. 3 One of a series of Trotsk.yism and France: Mobilize Workers' Power to Internationalist Group Trade-Union Struggle Beat Back Attack on the Youth ................... 6 class readings. Includes Paris Demonstrators Demand: "Free Our articles from Lenin and Comrades!" ............................................... 10 Trotsky on trade-union Mobilize Workers' Power to Defeat struggle, articles from Imperialist War! .............. , .............................. 11 The Internationalist, plus a series of articles NYC Transit Workers, Teachers: Defeat Bosses' War! .....................•....................•.. 13 from the 1970s on Communist and Capitalism Killed West Virginia Miners ............ 15 Trotskyist work in the Government Hands Off the TWU! .................... 21 trade unions. Transit Workers, Fight to Win! Forge a Internationalist Group Class R•adings Class-Struggle Leadership! ...................... 22 Oerembef 2005 $2 NYC Transit: Throw Back the US$2 Giveback Contract! ................................... 23 Order from/make checks payable to: Mundial Publications, Box 3321, Church Shut Down NYC With An All-Out Street Station, New York, New York 10008, U.S.A. -
Haiti: Presidential and Legislative Elections February – April 2006
HAITI: PRESIDENTIAL AND LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS FEBRUARY – APRIL 2006 Report by Maria Fuglevaag Warsinski NORDEM Report 15/2006 Copyright: the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights/NORDEM and Maria Fuglewaag Warsinski. NORDEM, the Norwegian Resource Bank for Democracy and Human Rights, is a programme at the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights (NCHR), and has as its main objective to actively promote international human rights. NORDEM is jointly administered by NCHR and the Norwegian Refugee Council. NORDEM works mainly in relation to multilateral institutions. The operative mandate of the programme is realised primarily through the recruitment and deployment of qualified Norwegian personnel to international assignments which promote democratisation and respect for human rights. The programme is responsible for the training of personnel before deployment, reporting on completed assignments, and plays a role in research related to areas of active involvement. The vast majority of assignments are channelled through the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. NORDEM Report is a series of reports documenting NORDEM activities and is published jointly by NORDEM and the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights. Series editor: Hege Mørk Series consultants: Turid Wulff Knutsen, Lisa Kirkengen, Christian Boe Astrup The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher. ISSN: 1503–1330 ISBN 10: 82-8158-029-1 ISBN 13: 978-82-8158-029-9 NORDEM Report is available online at: http://www.humanrights.uio.no/forskning/publ/publikasjonsliste.html HAITI: PRESIDENTIAL AND LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS 2006 1 Preface The EU Election Observation Mission (EUMOE) was present in Haiti from 12 November 2005, having been invited by The Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) to monitor the Haitian presidential, senatorial and parliamentary elections. -
Democracy and Human Rights in Haiti
W RLD POLICY REPORTS Democracy and Human Rights in Haiti Andrew Reding Project for Global Democracy and Human Rights W RLD POLICY INSTITUTE Democracy and Human Rights in Haiti Andrew Reding Senior Fellow, World Policy Institute Director, Project for Global Democracy and Human Rights March 2004 Publication of this report was made possible by a grant from the General Service Foundation. The information contained in the report is drawn primarily from research carried out by the author for the Resource Information Center of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, supplemented by further research supported by the General Service Foundation. Except where attributed to other sources, the author takes sole responsibility for the views and expert opinions presented herein, based on extensive research and documentation. © 2004 Andrew Reding World Policy Institute at New School University (www.worldpolicy.org) 66 Fifth Ave 9th floor, New York NY 10011 – telephone (212) 229-5808 Democracy and Human Rights in Haiti Table of Contents Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 1 Haiti: Basic Facts_____________________________________________________________ 3 Historical Background: Slavery’s legacy – racial tension, chronic violence, poverty _______ 5 A French colony built on slavery, race laws, and terror __________________________________ 5 Revolution, slave insurrection, and racial warfare ______________________________________ 6 Independence, authoritarianism, and land reform _____________________________________