Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base EPBC Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
June 2017 Table of contents
1. Introduction...... 1 1.1 Purpose of this Document ...... 1 1.2 Overview of the Proposal...... 1 1.3 The Proponent ...... 1 1.4 Location of the Project ...... 1
2. The Proposal...... 3 2.1 Proposal Justification...... 3 2.2 On-shore Developments...... 3 2.1 Marine Developments...... 8 2.2 Staging...... 10
3. Existing environment...... 11 3.1 Baseline studies...... 11 3.2 Receiving environment ...... 11 3.3 Matters of National Environmental Significance ...... 21
4. Potential impacts to MNES and their assessment...... 33 4.1 National Heritage Places ...... 33 4.2 Listed Threatened Species and Ecological Communities ...... 33 4.3 Listed Migratory Species ...... 38
5. Management and Mitigation Strategies ...... 40 5.1 Design opportunities ...... 40 5.2 Construction management...... 40 5.3 Operations Environmental Management ...... 41
6. Summary...... 43
7. References...... 44
Table index
Table 3-1 Baseline environmental studies and survey effort...... 11 Table 3-2 Substrate percentages within each of the three bays...... 12
Table 3-3 Marine habitat types within Bay 1 ...... 12
Table 3-4 Species recorded as range extensions...... 18 Table 3-5 Conservation significant fauna known to occur on Cockatoo Island ...... 20
Table 3-6 PMST search results...... 21
Table 3-7 Assessment of proposed Proposal against the National Heritage Criteria and Values relevant to Cockatoo Island ...... 22
Table 3-8 Threatened Species likelihood of occurrence assessment ...... 25
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | i Table 3-9 Migratory species likelihood of occurrence assessment ...... 30
Table 6-1 Summary of MNES impact assessment ...... 43
Figure index
Figure 1-1 Location map ...... 2
Figure 2-1 Layout of proposal elements...... 4 Figure 2-2 Three bay hangar with bi-fold door ...... 5
Figure 2-3 Above-ground self-bunded Jet A1 tank 22,000L ...... 5
Figure 2-4 Disturbance areas...... 7 Figure 2-5 Schematic of proposed wharf ...... 8
Figure 2-6 Schematic of proposed subsea workshop...... 9
Figure 3-1 Substrate type...... 13
Figure 3-2 Benthic communities and habitats ...... 14
Figure 3-3 Hard coral coverage...... 16
Figure 3-4 Vegetation associations and conservation significant flora locations...... 17
Figure 3-5 Fauna habitats and conservation significant fauna locations ...... 19
Appendices
Appendix A – EPBC Act Protected Matters Report
Appendix B – Migratory Species Likelihood of Occurrence Assessment Appendix C – Significant Impact Assessment for the Ghost Bat and Masked Owl (northern)
Appendix D – Technical Study - Marine Flora and Fauna
Appendix E – Technical Study - Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | ii 1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of this Document
Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd (KTS) is referring the Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base (the Proposal) to the Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The purpose of this document is to summarise the Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES) that may be impacted by the Proposal, including an assessment of the significance of any potential impacts using the Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 Matters of National Environmental Significance (DotE 2013). ‐ 1.2 Overview of the Proposal
KTS proposes to construct and operate the Proposal from Cockatoo Island. The Proposal would establish a hi-tech / subsea focused supply base as part of a multi-user supply chain cluster. Developments would comprise an upgraded airfield, a wharf and an aftermarket subsea workshop as well as other related support infrastructure. The Proposal would support the exploration, development and operation of oil and gas projects in the Browse Basin. It will also increase opportunities for other strategic industries such as Defence and Tourism in north-western Australia and significantly reduce the operating costs of the mine on Cockatoo Island.
The Proposal represents an opportunity to use the Norwegian model as a test case in Western Australia which, when established, will draw business from existing locations in Asia and interstate. It can be used by the State Government as a catalyst for bringing real economic development to the Kimberley region.
1.3 The Proponent
The Proponent for the Proposal is Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd, a joint venture between NorSea Group, Brunel Australia and Advantec Group and advised by Global Air and Energy (Singapore). Contact details for the Proponent are: Mr Jeremy Bower Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd Level 2, 101 St Georges Terrace, Perth WA 6000 Ph: 08 9429 5600 ACN: 615 631 386
1.4 Location of the Project
Cockatoo Island is located approximately 7 km off the Western Australian coast within the Buccaneer Archipelago, approximately 130 km north of Derby (Figure 1-1). The island is located within Yampi Sound, between Irvine and Koolan Islands. The island has historically been mined for iron ore, with mining operations on the island commencing in 1951. Mining operations on the island are currently in care and maintenance. Existing infrastructure and disturbances on the island include an airstrip, processing plant, open pit mine (involving mining of high grade ore from a deposit below sea level), a permanent seawall, wharf with ship loading facilities and historic township.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 1 562,000 564,000 566,000 568,000 8,222,000 8,222,000 8,220,000 8,220,000
Locality Map
KALUMBURU Cockatoo Island Indian Ocean
WA
DERBY BROOME FITZROY CROSSING
562,000 564,000 566,000 568,000 8,218,000 8,218,000
Kimberley Technology Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 0 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 14 Jun 2017
Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Location Map Figure 1-1 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\EIA\6135178_Figure1-1_Location_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions Ltd, GA and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703; GA: Geoscience Australia Topo 250k Series III - 2006. Created by: mmikkonen 2. The Proposal
2.1 Proposal Justification
The Proposal will: Increase safety advantage during the petroleum life cycle
Promote economic activity in the locations which make up the cluster with Cockatoo Island Make best use of existing assets without substantial government funded capital upgrades, allowing for a staged development approach
Transfer technology and knowledge from proven international locations to enhance Australian local content Support mining operations on Cockatoo Island by reducing logistics costs
Assist nearby mining operations through shared services and an expansion of service providers within the key Kimberley towns Centralise selected hi-tech services for Browse Basin oil and gas operators currently having to rely on subsea support from further afield (Asian ports and Darwin)
Link into the supply chain corridor between Perth and Singapore.
2.2 On-shore Developments
Onshore developments will primarily consist of an expanded and upgraded airstrip for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters, airfield support facilities, an accommodation village and site roads.
2.2.1 Airfield, laydown and roads
Airfield The airfield footprint will be approximately 30 ha, comprising a 1,950 m long by 30 m wide paved airstrip, 90 m wide clearway and a taxiway of 400 m by 100 m (Figure 2-1). The airstrip will provide a take -off distance of 1800 m.
The design follows the alignment of the existing airstrip which reduces the disturbance footprint, makes use of existing mined waste material, uses locally mined rock and will make use of a locally based mining fleet and support system to reduce mobilisation/demobilisation.
Drainage from the airfield will be directed to table drains for infiltration.
Terminal and hangars An aviation terminal will be constructed adjacent to the runway (Figure 2-1). The proposed structure will be approximately 40 m x 20 m.
The helipad will be designed to accommodate a 3-bay hangar (Figure 2-2).
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 3 564,000 565,000 566,000 567,000 568,000 8,221,000 8,221,000 Laydown 1
Helicopter stand
Hangar
Terminal Laydown 2 8,220,000 8,220,000
Laydown 3
564,000 565,000 566,000 567,000 568,000 8,219,000 8,219,000
LEGEND Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 Kimberley Technology Revision 0 Proposed Airstrip Proposed Road Solutions Pty Ltd 0 100 200 300 400 500 Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 12 Jun 2017
Metres Proposed Laydown Area Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Proposed Eastern Wharf Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Layout of Proposal Elements Figure 2-1 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\EIA\6135178_Figure2-1_LayoutOfProposalElements_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions, Cardno and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Cardno: Clearing elements - 20170606; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by: mmikkonen Figure 2-2 Three bay hangar with bi-fold door
Fuel storage There are no plans to install underground/permanent Jet A1 or Avgas refuelling tanks as all aircraft refuelling will be undertaken in Derby.
Some Jet A1 refueling for helicopters will be undertaken. All fuel will be stored above-ground in self-bunded fuel tanks (pods) within a fenced off area adjacent to the helipad (Figure 2-3). Fuel will be transported by barge in articulated trailer tanks that will be decanted and returned to the mainland for filling. The total capacity of the stored fuel will not exceed 100,000 L of Jet A1 (five pods). Filling of helicopters will be done by a dedicated fuel delivery vehicle that will draw fuel from the pods.
Diesel for generators and mobile plant will be stored in a dedicated bunded area. Diesel will arrive by barge in drums and will be transferred to the storage area for distribution when required.
Fuel storage areas will have appropriate spill response equipment.
Figure 2-3 Above-ground self-bunded Jet A1 tank 22,000L
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 5 Utilities The proposed location of the apron and terminal are close to the existing island bores. This supply will service the ablution facilities and will be filtered to provide potable water. Sewage will be treated in a contained septic tank system.
Power will be provided to the terminal by a dedicated 150 kV diesel genset with backup. In the event that the airfield’s clients request the provision of runway lighting, this will be provided by a 500 kV genset with backup. These will be switched off when the terminal is not in use.
Laydown and roads Some land adjacent to the airfield and the wharf (Figure 2-1) will be used for: Laydown (overflow from the wharf) of pipe, umbilical reels, containers of spares and parts, drilling equipment and bulk materials
Construction support Offices
Workshop and warehousing. Construction support will comprise a demountable site office and less than 20 accommodation units. These will be relocated or dismantled when not required. It is intended to make use of the permanent accommodation on the existing Crown Lease for staff and occasional visitors.
Additional offices, warehouses and workshops will be developed in the future if demand exceeds available space at the wharf.
A road will link the airfield to the wharf (Figure 2-1). This makes use of an existing haul road to the mining tenement. A short extension, not shown on the figure, will be required to connect this haul road to the wharf.
Accommodation may be required should there be space constraints on the existing Crown Lease. This will be the subject of a separate application.
2.2.2 Construction
Construction will disturb up to approximately 53 ha of land (Figure 2-4).
Clearing for the airfield and laydown areas will be undertaken by bulldozer. Cleared vegetation will be respread on areas being rehabilitated including those associated with the mine.
The geology of the area to be levelled indicates that bands of hard rock are present. Provision has been made for up to 80% drill and blast. Loose rock will be moved by truck to areas requiring fill.
The airfield will be bituminised and a temporary bitumen plant will be mobilised. Aggregate will be sourced from the borrow pits on the mining lease and will be crushed and screened on-site. Construction materials for buildings will be barged to the island, offloaded and erected on-site.
Extending the existing haul road to the wharf will require some limited blasting. Material will be used in reclamation for the wharf. Putrescible wastes will be disposed at the existing licenced landfill on the island. There is also an existing metal dump for disposal of metal waste. Waste hydrocarbons will be removed from the island for reprocessing. Wastes that cannot be disposed onsite will be transferred to the mainland by barge for disposal.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 6 564,000 565,000 566,000 567,000 568,000 8,221,000 8,221,000 Laydown 1
Laydown 2
Airstrip clearing
Roads 8,220,000 8,220,000
Laydown 3
Wharf
564,000 565,000 566,000 567,000 568,000 8,219,000 8,219,000
Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 Kimberley Technology LEGEND Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 2 0 100 200 300 400 500 Disturbance Area Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 12 Jun 2017
Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Disturbance Areas Figure 2-4 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\EIA\6135178_Figure2-4_DisturbanceAreas_Rev2.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions, Cardno and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: GHD: Disturbance areas - 20170606; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by: mmikkonen 2.2.3 Operations
With a single client, air traffic will consist of two Regional Jets and eight to ten helicopter cycles (take-off and landing) per week. Fixed wing aircraft will only operate during daylight hours with helicopters operating both day and night.
Waste materials during operations will be disposed in a similar manner to construction wastes.
2.1 Marine Developments
The bay to the east of the existing ship loader has a suitable profile for development of a wharf. The bay comprises a sandy beach at low tide with a drop off to between -10 mCD and - 20 mCD.
2.1.1 Wharf and subsea workshop
Wharf The topography of the seabed together with the tides experienced at Cockatoo Island favour the development of an anchored sheet pile retaining wall inside the drop off and a floating outer quayside caisson attached to the shore by a linkspan (Figure 2-5). This design allows for access at all stages of the tide, reduces the footprint on the seabed and reduces cost of construction.
Figure 2-5 Schematic of proposed wharf
The eastern end of the wharf will accommodate a fixed section to access the deeper water close to shore and is the preferred location for the subsea workshop.
The access road to the wharf is shown in Figure 2-1. The proposed facilities on the wharf are:
Tanks – 1 ML of marine gas oil in self-bunded tanks and 0.5 ML of potable and/or drilling water. Final location will be subject to detailed design Warehouse – 100 m x 40 m. Steel and colour bond construction. Cyclone rated
Diesel and hydraulic fluids in drums within bunded and covered areas
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 8 Laydown areas – demarcated on the wharf for pipe, umbilical reels, containers of spares and parts, drilling equipment and bulk materials
Lighting to allow for night works Mobile Cranes – 250 t
2 x 500 kV generators, 1 operating and one on standby
Contained grey and blackwater treatment plant Future LNG bunkering
30 m x 20 m Large Crew Transfer Vessel (LCTV) passenger terminal.
Subsea workshop The workshop will provide subsea aftermarket support such as:
Receiving subsea components (trees)
Systems Integration Testing (SIT) Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT)
Control System servicing and testing and repair
Storage of control modules such as Intervention Workover Control Systems (IWOCS), Master Control Panels (MCP) and Hydraulic Power Systems (HPU)
Storage of tools and parts.
The workshop will be 96 m x 50 m, of steel and colour bond construction, and cyclone rated (Figure 2-6).
Figure 2-6 Schematic of proposed subsea workshop
The workshop will be integrated with a gantry crane that can access the quayside. The workshop portion will contain a test pit that can be flooded and discharged. The test pit will service equipment designed to operate on the seabed so there is minimal risk of water contamination within the pit and the discharge water. The test pit is isolated from the surrounding seawater.
Power will be supplied by 2 x 500 kV gensets, one active and one on standby.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 9 Sewage will be collected in tanks and transferred to the septic tank system at the airstrip for disposal.
2.1.2 Construction
Whilst geotechnical drilling has not been undertaken at the proposed site, the geology of the adjacent bay is well described. The geology suggests that the piles will encounter the Quarry Schist and will not penetrate any coralline sediments. The depth of bedrock below the seabed is estimated at 5 m – 15 m. The sheet piling will be anchored into the bedrock by drilling a toe in the rock to a depth of 1 m to stabilise the foot and the pilings will be stabilised with tiebacks to anchors. The quayside caissons will be anchored by a series of concrete and steel pilings that will be anchored into the bedrock.
The caisson and subsea area pilings will require rock drilling and cementing. The wharf area behind the sheet pile will be around 6.18 ha and will require around 75,600 m3 of fill to raise the level of the platform to 2 m above high tide. Fill will be sourced from mine waste, compacted and sealed with a concrete, layblock or asphalt hardstand. Waste will be delivered using the mine’s current vehicle fleet.
No dredging will be required.
Putrescible wastes will be disposed at the existing licenced landfill on the island. There is also an existing metal dump for disposal of metal waste. Waste hydrocarbons will be removed from the island for reprocessing. Wastes that cannot be disposed onsite will be transferred to the mainland by barge for disposal.
2.1.3 Operations
Activity at the wharf will be dependent on drilling and construction campaigns and traffic will vary as a result. The wharf will typically handle two LCTV port calls per day, two subsea vessel calls per month averaging five days, four to five Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) calls per week, two Large Carrier Tank (LCT) calls per week and one to two other industry calls per month (defence and tourism).
Operations will occur 24/7 as required.
Waste materials during operations will be disposed in a similar manner to construction wastes.
2.2 Staging
The preceding discussion identifies the ultimate development for the Proposal. However, to take into account activities associated with Prelude and Ichthys hook-up, commissioning and production stages, as well as construction and production for Browse, there is flexibility to progressively develop the Proposal. Staging could include:
Initially bitumising the existing airstrip and upgrading the existing terminal building with the addition of another transportable unit to allow for new seating Progressive development of the airstrip to 1600 m, 1800 m and ultimately 1950 m
Construction of the new terminal based on passenger demand
Construction of the helipad based on demand.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 10 3. Existing environment
3.1 Baseline studies
Table 3-1 provides a summary of the baseline environmental studies conducted on Cockatoo Island. A number of baseline studies have been undertaken for different purposes, with most occurring over the past 10 years. Most recently, targeted biological and marine surveys were undertaken of the Proposal area in late 2016 and early 2017. Relevant information from these studies are referred to throughout this document. Table 3-1 Baseline environmental studies and survey effort
Aspect Consultant Survey Name Study Area and Timing Terrestrial Warham (1957) Cockatoo Island Birds Avian survey over July and August fauna 1957. Flora ENV Australia Cockatoo Island Declare Targeted search for DRF and Priority (2008) Rare and Priority Flora taxa in the stage 4 drilling area in Species Search 2007. Flora and Outback Ecology Cockatoo Island Assessment of rehabilitation areas in vegetation Services (2009) Rehabilitation Planning conjunction with limited flora, vegetation and invasive weed survey for Stage 4 drill sites. Terrestrial Aprasia Wildlife Fauna Assessment of Desktop fauna review and site fauna (2009) Cockatoo Island reconnaissance. (Desktop Review) Marine MScience (2011) Cockatoo Island Marine Desktop review of the nature of the Closure Knowledge Base post-closure marine sedimentary and Completion Criteria environment adjacent to the mine site. Benthic MScience (2013) Cockatoo Island Barge Brief benthic habitat survey in North habitat Wharf Benthic Habitat Bay 1 in July 2013 Survey Weeds Astron Cockatoo Island Weed Weed mapping of disturbed areas to Environmental Survey determine baseline weed condition Services (2012) across the island in April 2012 Flora, GHD (2014) Cockatoo Island Flora, Level 2 vertebrate and short-range vegetation Fauna and SRE Surveys endemic (SRE) invertebrate and fauna assessment including dry and wet season surveys for 520 ha study area. Marine GHD (2017) Kimberley Supply Chain Three-day field survey utilising digital flora and Cluster Technical Study – underwater drop camera video fauna Provided in Marine Flora and Fauna system and GPS-enabled tablet to Appendix D assess benthic habitat data within the bay with the proposed wharf and other proximal bays of the island. Flora, GHD (2017a) Kimberley Supply Chain Level 1 flora, vegetation and fauna vegetation Cluster EIA Flora and survey, including SRE invertebrate and fauna Provided in Fauna Assessment assessment of a 201 ha survey area Appendix E. over a 3-day period in December 2016.
3.2 Receiving environment
The existing environment in the area of the Proposal is briefly described below. The primary sources of this information are GHD(2014), GHD 2017 – attached as Appendix D and GHD 2017a – attached as Appendix E.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 11 3.2.1 Marine environment
A marine survey was undertaken to assess benthic habitats within the bay proposed for the wharf facility (Bay 1) along with the two adjacent bays (Bay 2 and Bay 3) (Figure 3-1).
Marine Substrate The dominant substrate across the bays was sand with fewer sites comprised of silt, gravel/pebbles, coral rubble and rocks (Table 3-2). All bays had similar substrate patterns with rocky habitats around the shoreline and sandy bottoms in the centre, although Bay 2 had a considerable greater proportion of rocky substrate (21%) than the other two (1-8%) (Figure 3-1). Table 3-2 Substrate percentages within each of the three bays
Bay Silt Sand Gravel/Pebbles Coral Rubble Rocky Bay 1 (proposed wharf site) 0% 91% 1% 0% 8% Bay 2 0% 71% 5% 3% 21% Bay 3 (Copper Bay) <1% 98% 0% <1% 1%
Marine Habitats All three bays had similar physical attributes with gently sloping sandy beaches from the shore to approximately 0 mCD (approx. 0 mLAT). Because of the large tidal range, much of this sandy area is likely to be exposed or very shallow at low spring tides. These areas were very sparsely colonised by hard coral and macroalgae. Rocky environments were common in deeper waters around the headlands and were colonised only by turfing algae. As the depth increases, sandy habitats are more densely colonised by macroalgae and hard coral until approximately -5 mCD. Thereafter, the slope profile steeply descends to -20 mCD where generally only rippled sand was present with sparse hydroids and soft coral.
Bay 1 - Proposal Area Shallow (below 0 mCD) sandy habitats extended from the shoreline for approximately 120 m and steeply descended thereafter to -20 mCD. Of the 110 survey sites in this Bay, 67% were comprised of bare substrate (Table 3-3). Table 3-3 Marine habitat types within Bay 1
Marine habitat types Observations % Marine habitat Observations % Bare 67 Soft Coral 6 Macroalgae 21 Dense 0 Dense 0 Moderate 4 Moderate 0 Sparse 65 Sparse 89 Very Sparse 30 Very Sparse 0 Hard Coral 15 Hydroids 8 Dense 13 Dense 0 Moderate 13 Moderate 11 Sparse 19 Sparse 89 Very Sparse 56 Very Sparse 0
Note: Multiple marine habitat types were observed at some sites and therefore the cumulative percentages are >100%.
Macroalgae was observed at 21% of all sites with the majority comprised of very sparse to sparse coverage, and limited to shallower than -15 mCD (Figure 3-2). Macroalgae included Caulerpa spp. and Chlorodesmis spp.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 12 566,000 566,500 567,000 567,500 568,000 8,220,000 8,220,000 8,219,500 8,219,500
Bay 1
Bay 2
Cockatoo Island
8,219,000 Bay 3 8,219,000
566,000 566,500 567,000 567,500 568,000
Kimberley Technology Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 LEGEND Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 22 Jun 2017 Substrate Type Pebbles Sand Proposed Eastern Wharf Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Coral rubble Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Rocky Silt Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Substrate Type Figure 3-1 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\Commonwealth\6135178_Figure3-1_SubstrateType_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: GHD: Substrate Type Assessment - 20161206, Eastern wharf footprint - 20170606; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by: krawlinson, mmikkonen 566,000 566,500 567,000 567,500
0 5
8,219,500 -10 8,219,500
-15 -20
-5
8,219,000 Cockatoo Island 8,219,000
566,000 566,500 567,000 567,500
Kimberley Technology Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 LEGEND BCH Sampling Points 5 - 25 Bathymetry Contours (m LAT) BCH Cover Interpolated Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 BCH Cover (%) % Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 22 Jun 2017 25 - 50 Proposed Eastern Wharf High : 100 Metres 0 Map Projection: Transverse Mercator 50 - 100 Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 0 - 5 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Low : 0 Benthic Communities and Habitats Figure 3-2 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\Commonwealth\6135178_Figure3-2_BCH_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions, Surrich Hydrographics and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: GHD: Benthic Habitat Sampling Points - 20161112, Eastern wharf footprint - 20170606; Surrich Hydrographics: Bathymetry Data - 20161202; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by:mmikkonen Hard coral occurred at 15% of sites primarily at the south-eastern edge of the bay (Figure 3-3). Hard coral coverage was moderate to dense. Several sites outside of this area had very sparse hard coral cover. Most sites with hard corals were shallower than -5 m to -10 mCD. Corals included foliose forms of Turbinaria, massive and sub-massive forms of Porites, branching Acropora and other corals from the families Acroporidae, Faviidae and Pocilloporidae.
Soft coral and hydroids were observed at less than 10% of sites (Table 3-3).
Comparison of Bays Bare substrate in Bay 1 (67%) is substantially higher than in Bay 2 (47%) and Bay 3 (38%), likely due to Bay 1 having been impacted by nearby mining-related activities to the northwest. Soft coral and hydroids are relatively minor contributors to the benthic community assemblage, although they represent a greater proportion of Bay 1 than the other two bays.
The estimated hard coral area in Bay 1 of 0.2 ha is approximately 3% of this bay’s surveyed area. The total estimated hard coral area of the three bays is 4.92 ha. Bay 1 therefore represents 4% of the total hard coral area across the three bays.
The estimated macroalgal area in Bay 1 of 0.19 ha is approximately 3% of this bay’s surveyed area. This is a similar proportion to Bay 2 (5%) and Bay 3 (6%). The estimated macroalgae area in Bay 1 comprises 13% of the total macroalgae area across the three bays. Hence, a relatively small proportion (13%) of the total macroalgae area across the three bays will be at risk of impact by construction and operation activities of the proposed wharf facility.
Marine Fauna Sections 3.3.3 and 3.3.4 provide details of the likely marine fauna of conservation significance likely to occur in the area.
3.2.1 Terrestrial environment
Vegetation Types The survey area supports three vegetation associations (GHD 2017a) as well as highly disturbed/cleared areas (Figure 3-4). Vegetation is dominated by Eucalyptus open woodland (151.46 ha of the survey area), on hillslopes, cliffs, valleys and gullies. Other vegetation associations present include 1.35 ha of Dioscorea Vineland and Eucalyptus open woodland mosaic, and 2.17 ha of Mixed Acacia shrubland.
Vegetation throughout the western part of the survey area was impacted by fire in May 2016, which has altered the vegetation structure. However, this is likely a temporal change with extensive natural regeneration observed in December 2016 and May 2017 (GHD 2017a).
Significant Vegetation None of the vegetation associations on the Island are considered to be Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) or State listed Priority Ecological Communities (PECs).
Flora Diversity Flora diversity recorded on Cockatoo Island is comparable to numbers recorded on nearby Irvine Island and Koolan Island (GHD 2014).
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 15 566,000 566,500 567,000 567,500
0 5
8,219,500 -10 8,219,500
-15 -20
-5
8,219,000 Cockatoo Island 8,219,000
566,000 566,500 567,000 567,500
Kimberley Technology Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 LEGEND Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 0 Benthic Habitat Sampling Points 5 - 25 Bathymetry Contours (m LAT) Coral Cover Interpolated 0 40 80 120 160 200 Hard Coral Cover (%) % Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 22 Jun 2017 25 - 50 Proposed Eastern Wharf High : 100 Metres 0 Map Projection: Transverse Mercator 0 - 5 50 - 100 Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Low : 0 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Hard Coral Coverage Figure 3-3 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\Commonwealth\6135178_Figure3-3_Coral_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions, Surrich Hydrographics and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: GHD: Benthic Habitat Sampling Points - 20161112, Eastern wharf footprint - 20170606; Surrich Hydrographics: Bathymetry Data - 20161202; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by:mmikkonen 563,750 565,000 566,250 567,500
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18 33 19 36 20 35 34 21 22 24 23
Triodia sp. Hidden Island (T. Handasyde TH 6109)
Chlorophytum laxum
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17 Flemingia 15 parviflora 14
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12 8,218,750 8,218,750
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LEGEND Kimberley Technology Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 Conservation Significant Flora Survey Area Vegetation Types Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 0 0 125 250 375 500 625 Triodia sp. Hidden Island P1 (GHD Disturbance Area Mosaic Eucalyptus open woodland 2014) (EmW) and Dioscorea Vineland Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 22 Jun 2017 Triodia sp. Hidden Island cluster (DtV) Metres Range Extension (GHD 2014) (GHD 2017) Eucalyptus open woodland (EmW) Triodia sp. Hidden Island P1 (GHD Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Vegetation Associations and 2017) Mixed Acacia shrubland (AS) Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Highly disturbed/cleared Conservation Significant Flora Locations Figure 3-4 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\Commonwealth\6135178_Figure3-4_VegAssocConsigs_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions Ltd and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: GHD: Survey Area - 20170214, Conservation Significant Flora, Triodia clusters - 20170609, Vegetation Types - 20170214, Disturbance areas - 20170606; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by: mmikkonen Conservation Significant Flora No flora taxa currently listed under the EPBC Act or Wildlife Conservation Act 1986 (WC Act) have been recorded from Cockatoo Island. One species of Priority flora, Triodia sp. Hidden Island (T. Handasyde TH 6109) – Priority 1, has previously been recorded from the survey area (Figure 3-4). A follow up survey in May 2017 identified the occurrence of Triodia sp. Hidden Island at a number of locations on the Island (Figure 3-4). Over 1,300 plants were recorded. All occurrences were outside of the area that will be impacted by the development, but its presence cannot be discounted in the Proposal area due to the temporary impacts of the 2016 fire.
Other Significant Flora Two species recorded from Cockatoo Island represent range extensions and are likely to be considered ‘significant flora’ as defined by the EPA (2016) (Table 3-4). One of these, Flemingia parviflora, has been recorded from the survey area but outside the disturbance area. Table 3-4 Species recorded as range extensions
Species Known locations (WA Herbarium 1998– and DPaW 2007–) Flemingia parviflora 11 locations including the Mitchell Plateau, Beverley Springs Station and near King Edward River, with the nearest record approximately 200 km north-east of Cockatoo Island Chlorophytum laxum Recorded within the Mitchell IBRA subregion; with the nearest record approximately 200 km east of Cockatoo Island
Vertebrate Fauna Habitats Fauna habitat within the survey area is dominated by woodland (with rocky ridgelines and exposed rocky areas) and regrowth shrubland (Figure 3-5). Much of the woodland habitat was burnt in May 2016 and provides little cover for fauna species in its current condition. The rocky nature of the area does provide some refugia however, this would be limited to use by rock dwelling species. Due to the heat of the fire, many of the large trees on the Island have been burnt and large hollows have been lost. Small areas of vineland and woodland mosaic habitat were recorded in valleys, however these patches were considered to be too small to support any fauna specific to this habitat type.
There are no permanent waterbodies within the survey area, however seasonal pooling occurs around small rocky areas and the historic tailings dam. Minor drainage lines occur within gullies bisecting the survey area that transport surface water runoff following seasonal rainfall events. Large portions of Cockatoo Island (approximately 150 ha) have been cleared or highly disturbed through mining, the air strip, roads and other infrastructure. Approximately 18.43 ha (35%) within the proposed disturbance area is Degraded to Completely Degraded.
Vertebrate Fauna Assemblages Previous fauna surveys on Cockatoo Island have recorded 177 species on and near the Island, including five mammals, 13 reptiles, 157 birds and two amphibian species.
Conservation Significant Vertebrate Fauna Five conservation significant terrestrial fauna species have been recorded from Cockatoo Island. Details of these species and their State and Commonwealth conservation status are included in Table 3-5. The habitat in its current form would support few conservation significant species however, opportunistic use for foraging may occur.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 18 563,750 565,000 566,250 567,500
Hipposideros 8,221,250 stenotis 8,221,250
Macroderma gigas Hipposideros stenotis
Mormopterus loriae cobourgiana 8,220,000 8,220,000
563,750 565,000 566,250 567,500
LEGEND Kimberley Technology Job Number 61-35178 Paper Size A3 Bat Detectors Conservation Significant Survey Area Fauna Habitats Solutions Pty Ltd Revision 0 0 125 250 375 500 625 Fauna Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base Date 22 Jun 2017 Large Tree with Hollow Disturbance Area Regrowth Shrubland P1 Metres Woodland Map Projection: Transverse Mercator P2 Fauna Habitats and Conservation Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Highly disturbed/cleared Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 V Significant Fauna Locations Figure 3-5 G:\61\35178\GIS\Maps\MXD\Commonwealth\6135178_Figure3-5_Fauna_Rev0.mxd 999 Hay Street, Perth WA 6000 Australia T 61 8 6222 8555 F 61 8 6222 8555 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD, Kimberley Technology Solutions Ltd and Landgate make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: GHD: Survey Area - 20170214, Conservation Significant Fauna, Bat Detector, Large Tree with Hallow- 20170214, Fauna Habitats - 20170214, Disturbance Areas - 20170606; Calibre: Aerial photography - 201703. Created by: mmikkonen Table 3-5 Conservation significant fauna known to occur on Cockatoo Island
Species WC Act Ranking EPBC Ranking Occurrence within the Proposal area
Masked Owl (northern sub-species) (Tyto Priority 1 Vulnerable Previously recorded in woodland habitat on the eastern side of Cockatoo Island. In its novaehollandiae kimberli) current form the woodland habitat within the survey area may provide some foraging habitat. Nine trees with large hollows that may be used by this species have been recorded from the survey area, however there was no evidence of existing or historical use (GHD 2017a). Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas) Vulnerable Vulnerable Ghost bats have previously been recorded on Cockatoo Island on one occasion via echolocation. This species is known to occur on nearby Koolan Island and other Islands throughout the Buccaneer Archipelago. The occurrence of the species on Cockatoo Island indicates that there is likely to be a significant refuge for the species in close proximity to both Koolan and Cockatoo Islands. No Ghost Bat roosts or maternity caves have been recorded from the survey area. One potentially suitable cave is present in the rocky coastal cliffs approximately 600 m from the north-west boundary of the survey area. It is unknown if this cave is affected by the tidal movements (i.e. partially or completely fills with water) and/or is utilised by any bat species. Little North-western Mastiff Bat Priority 1 Within its distribution, the Little North-western Mastiff Bat is restricted to localised (Mormopterus loriae cobourgiana) habitats, typically occupying mangrove stands. The extent of mangrove areas on Cockatoo Island is minimal and there are no mangroves within the survey area. It is likely that this species roosts in mangroves on nearby Islands or on the mainland, however may utilise the survey area for opportunistic foraging. Northern Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros Priority 2 The Northern Leaf-nosed Bat has been recorded on Cockatoo Island along with stenotus) nearby Koolan Island, Irvine Island and Bathurst Island. This species occurs within a variety of habitats and typically roosts in shallow cracks, caves, boulder piles and disused mines. No small caves and limited rocky crevices suitable for breeding for this species have been recorded from the survey area however, it is likely to utilise the survey area for foraging. Water Rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) Priority 4 The Water Rat has been recorded from Cockatoo Island, Irvine Island, Margaret Island and other Kimberley Islands to the north. This species typically occurs in permanent fresh or brackish water but can also be found in marine environments, mangroves and sheltered beaches. It is likely that the population of Water Rats on Cockatoo Island utilise the coastal areas, including the coastal margins of the survey area.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 20 Migratory Species Three species listed as Migratory under the EPBC Act and/or under Schedule 5 of the WC Act were recorded from the survey area during the surveys. These included: Eastern Osprey (Pandion cristatus) Lesser Frigatebird (Fregata ariel)
Common Sandpiper (Tinga hypoleucos).
These species were observed flying over the survey area, are considered highly mobile and would opportunistically utilise the survey area for foraging.
Short Range Endemic Invertebrates Surveys on Cockatoo Island identified 22 invertebrate species from 12 families and five classes. Taxonomic assessment indicates that none of the recorded species represented confirmed SRE species, however three likely and 15 potential SRE species have been recorded. The remaining four species are known to have a widespread distribution and therefore have no SRE status.
3.3 Matters of National Environmental Significance
3.3.1 Protected Matters Search Tool
Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES) are factors that have legislated protection in order to conserve biodiversity, protect World Heritage and National Heritage Places, and comply with international treaties. MNES are listed and protected under the EPBC Act.
The Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) with a buffer of 5 km was used as a first pass to determine the likely presence of factors protected under the EPBC Act (Appendix A). A summary of the search results is provided in Table 3-6. Table 3-6 PMST search results
MNES Search Results World Heritage Properties None present within 5 km of the Proposal area National Heritage Places West Kimberley National Heritage Place Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Not applicable Wetlands of International Importance None present within 5 km of the Proposal area Commonwealth Marine Area None present within 5 km of the Proposal area Listed Threatened Ecological Communities None present within 5 km of the Proposal area Listed Threatened Species 18 species Listed Migratory Species 34 species
3.3.2 National Heritage Places
The Proposal area is located within the West Kimberley National Heritage Place which is listed under the EPBC Act. On 31 August 2011, the Minister for Environment included parts of the West Kimberley and its National Heritage values on the National Heritage List. Cockatoo Island is geographically located within the Buccaneer Archipelago which is part of the West Kimberley National Heritage Place. There are a number of national heritage values ascribed to the general area, which includes Cockatoo Island, and these are summarised in Table 3-7.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 21 Table 3-7 Assessment of proposed Proposal against the National Heritage Criteria and Values relevant to Cockatoo Island
National Heritage Listing West Kimberley National Heritage Place Potential Impact of the Proposal Criteria values Listing Criterion (a) – The Northern Kimberley coast and islands and No impact place has outstanding heritage the Kimberley Plateau, and the Devonian The marine and terrestrial environments do not contain habitat that is unique, or of specific value because of the place's reefs of the west Kimberley – plant, value to EPBC Act listed or protected species, or that support a high abundance, diversity importance in the course, or mammal, reptile, frog and invertebrate or density of marine or terrestrial fauna. pattern of Australia's natural or richness and endemism and as refugia The Proposal will require clearing of 34.23 ha of terrestrial native vegetation, of which 18.43 cultural history. protecting against human-induced ha is in Degraded to Completely Degraded condition. Biological diversity within the environmental changes. Proposal area is similar to that of the surrounding area and is not considered to be unique. The Proposal area supports a number of native terrestrial fauna species, including two listed Threatened species (GHD 2017a). However, the habitat present within the Proposal area is not unique and there are large areas of suitable habitat remaining on Cockatoo Island and available on nearby islands and the mainland. Biological surveys of the Proposal area have recorded a number of likely or potential Short Range Endemic invertebrate species, however due to recent fire the area of habitat for these species has been substantially, but temporarily, reduced (GHD 2017a). The Proposal will result in localised terrestrial impacts to the central area of Cockatoo Island, and is concentrated around areas that have previously been impacted by development for mining purposes. The Proposal will disturb up to 6.18 ha of nearshore benthic marine habitat comprising 5.64 ha of bare rock, sand or pebbles and 0.54 ha of hard coral and algae. A number of listed Threatened and Migratory marine species are likely to occur opportunistically within the Proposal area, however the quality of the benthic communities and habitats is low with more valuable habitat occurring in adjacent bays (GHD 2017). The Proposal will not fragment, isolate or damage habitat important for any listed or protected species. William Dampier landing place: Pender No impact Bay, Karrakatta Bay, King Sound, the Historical records do not indicate there is any association between the life and work of Buccaneer Archipelago and nearby coast William Dampier and Cockatoo Island. – association with the life and work of William Dampier.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 22 National Heritage Listing West Kimberley National Heritage Place Potential Impact of the Proposal Criteria values Listing Criterion (c) – The West Kimberley coast from Cape No impact place has outstanding heritage Londonderry to the Lacepede Islands – A large proportion of the Proposal area has previously been disturbed through mining value to the nation because of potential to yield information on Indonesian operations, and there is no potential to yield information on the Indonesian Australian the place's potential to yield Australian interaction. interaction. information that will contribute The coastline from Cape Londonderry to No impact to an understanding of Cape Leveque and the Devonian reef Australia's natural or cultural A large proportion of the Proposal area has been modified through historical mining complex – potential to yield significant new history. operations, and there is limited potential to yield significant new archaeological information. archaeological information. KTS will undertake ethnographic and archaeological heritage surveys with the cooperation of the Islands Traditional Owners the Dambimangari people. West Kimberley coast between Cape No impact Londonderry and Cape Leveque – A large proportion of the Proposal area has been modified through historical mining potential to yield information on the nature operations. The Proposal will not compromise opportunities to study the nature and effect and effect of mega-tsunami. of mega-tsunami in the future. Listing Criterion (e) – The The west Kimberley including: the coast No impact place has outstanding heritage from the Buccaneer Archipelago to King Cockatoo Island has been mined since 1951 and the Proposal will not cause further value because of the place's George River; Mitchell River National significant degradation, loss, modification or diminishment of the current aesthetic importance in exhibiting Park (NP); Windjana Gorge NP and Geikie characteristics of the Island and surrounds. particular aesthetic Gorge NP; King George Falls and King The Proposal includes the upgrade of existing infrastructure on the island, predominantly characteristics valued by a George River; Geikie Gorge Conservation around areas that have previously been developed and used for mining purposes. The community or cultural group. Park (CP) and King Leopold Ranges CP – proposed wharf development is immediately adjacent to the existing permanent seawall aesthetic characteristics valued by the and wharf, and will extend the existing developed area. Australian community. Listing Criterion (f) – The West Kimberley coast – double log raft, a No impact place has outstanding heritage unique adaptation to the massive tidal Cockatoo Island has been mined since 1951 and the extent of the environmental and value to the nation because of variation – noted as an intangible value and heritage values across the island are largely known. There is limited potential to yield the place's importance in has not been mapped. further information on the double log raft. demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 23 3.3.3 Listed Threatened Species and Ecological Communities
The results of the terrestrial and marine field surveys (GHD 2014, GHD 2017, GHD 2017a) were combined with the results of the desktop assessment, including the EPBC PMST search (5 km search radius), to provide a likelihood of occurrence assessment for EPBC listed threatened species and ecological communities. A summary of this assessment is provided in Table 3-8.
Species considered unlikely to occur are not considered further in terms of potential impacts.
Listed Threatened Flora and Ecological Communities No EPBC listed threatened flora species or ecological communities were identified as known or likely to occur within the Proposal area, or throughout Cockatoo Island (GHD 2014, GHD 2017a).
Listed Threatened Fauna Two EPBC Act-listed terrestrial threatened fauna species were recorded in proximity to the Proposal area during the 2013/2014 biological survey (GHD 2014), including: Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas) – Vulnerable. The Ghost Bat was recorded adjacent to the Proposal area during the field survey and there is suitable foraging habitat across the Island. There is also a potentially suitable roosting habitat (large sea cave) approximately 600 m from the Proposal area but its suitability has not been verified due to access restrictions Masked Owl (northern sub-species) (Tyto novaehollandiae subsp. kimberli) – Vulnerable. The northern sub-species of the Masked Owl was recorded adjacent to the Proposal area and there is suitable foraging habitat across the Island.
In addition, eight EPBC Act-listed threatened marine species were determined as likely / possible to occur within the Proposal area based on the presence of suitable habitat and nearby records (GHD 2017), including: Northern Rver Shark (Glyphis garricki) – Endangered
Dwarf Sawfish (Pristis clavata) – Vulnerable
Largetooth Sawfish (Pristis pristis) - Vulnerable
Green Sawfish (Pristis zijsron) – Vulnerable
Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) – Vulnerable
Flatback Turtle (Natator depressus) – Vulnerable
Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) – Vulnerable
Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) - Vulnerable.
Each of these species is discussed further below.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 24 Table 3-8 Threatened Species likelihood of occurrence assessment
EPBC PMST Type of Likelihood within Justification Common name Species names EPBC Status Presence Proposal area Birds Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Critically Species or species habitat Unlikely Potential for this species to be an occasional Endangered may occur within area vagrant visitor to Cockatoo Island utilising the beach and tidal zones, however no suitable habitat for the species is present within, or adjacent to, the Proposal area. Eastern Curlew Numenius Critically Species or species habitat Unlikely Potential for this species to be an occasional madagascariensis Endangered may occur within area vagrant visitor to Cockatoo Island utilising the beach and tidal zones, however no suitable habitat for the species is present within, or adjacent to, the Proposal area. Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis Vulnerable Species or species habitat Unlikely Potential for this species to be an occasional radiatus may occur within area vagrant visitor to Cockatoo Island. Some suitable foraging habitat present for this species within the Proposal area, although this is not considered core habitat for the species. Red Goshawk habitat primarily consists of forest or dense woodland with a mosaic mix of vegetation associated with areas of billabong, river or swamp wetlands often with large bird (their prey) populations (Morcombe 2004). Mammals Masked Owl Tyto Vulnerable Recorded during field Known Recorded during field surveys (GHD 2014). (northern sub- novaehollandiae surveys species) kimberli Ghost Bat Macroderma gigas Vulnerable Recorded during field Known Recorded during field surveys (GHD 2014). surveys Bare-rumped Saccolaimus Vulnerable Species or species habitat Unlikely Not recorded during field surveys and no core Sheath-tailed Bat saccolaimus may occur within area breeding or roosting habitat present for this species nudicluniatus within the Proposal area. Species distribution likely to include the Kimberley, however not yet confirmed by genetic analysis (Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TTSC 2016)). Marine Mammals Humpback Whale Megaptera Vulnerable Breeding known to occur Likely Migrant seasonally passing through the deeper novaeangliae within area waters near the Proposal area (GHD 2017).
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 25 EPBC PMST Type of Likelihood within Justification Common name Species names EPBC Status Presence Proposal area Sharks Northern River Glyphis garricki Endangered Species or species habitat Possible Given known distribution, it is possible that they can Shark may occur within area occur near the Proposal area. Strong currents in the local area would limit the sawfish’s presence in the bay proposed for the wharf development (GHD 2017). Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable Species or species habitat Unlikely Species preference for deep waters means it is may occur within area unlikely to occur within or near the Proposal area (GHD 2017). Great White Shark Carcharodon Vulnerable Species or species habitat Unlikely Species currently known distribution is not near to carcharias may occur within area the Proposal area (GHD 2017). Dwarf Sawfish Pristis clavata Vulnerable Species or species habitat Possible Given known distribution, it is possible that they can known within area occur near the Proposal area. Strong currents in the local area would limit the sawfish’s presence in the bay proposed for the wharf development (GHD 2017). Largetooth Sawfish Pristis pristis Vulnerable Species or species habitat Possible Given proximity to known pupping grounds, it is known within area possible they can occur near the Proposal area. Green Sawfish Pristis zijsron Vulnerable Species or species habitat Possible Given known distribution, it is possible that they can known within area occur near the Proposal area. Strong currents in the local area would limit the sawfish’s presence in the bay proposed for the wharf development (GHD 2017). Marine Reptiles Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered Species or species habitat Unlikely The species is known from the region, however may occur within area there is an absence of important areas for feeding and nesting within the Proposal area. Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys Endangered Species or species habitat Unlikely Absence of important areas for feeding and nesting coriacea may occur within area within the Proposal area. Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation Likely Foraging habitat present within the Proposal area. known to occur within area Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation Likely Foraging habitat present within the Proposal area. known to occur within area Hawsbill Turtle Eretmochelys Vulnerable Species or species habitat Likely Foraging habitat present within the Proposal area. imbricata may occur within area
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 26 Ghost Bat The present distribution of the Ghost Bat is widespread but intermittent throughout northern Australia, where it occupies a diverse range of habitats from the arid Pilbara to northern rainforests. During the day, Ghost Bats generally roost in large, often complex cave systems with several entrances, deep rock fissures, boulder piles, or mines. Individuals have been observed roosting in shallow rocky overhangs and sheds. The bats emerge from the roosts approximately one hour after sunset to forage (van Dyck et al. 2013). The Ghost Bat has a surface foraging strategy with two modes; it perches in vegetation to ambush passing prey (either on the ground or in the air), and it also gleans surfaces such as the ground while in flight. Its echolocation calls show wide variation (McKenzie and Bullen 2009). Ghost Bats are known to occur on the nearby Koolan Island, and on other islands throughout the Buccaneer Archipelago. Echolocation calls of the Ghost Bat have been previously recorded from one location on Cockatoo Island, in the valley to the east of the accommodation village adjacent to the Proposal area (GHD 2014). This record indicates that there is likely to be a refuge for the species in close proximity to Cockatoo Island and this may be cave systems identified on Koolan Island. The woodland vegetation in the Proposal area, and on other areas of Cockatoo Island, provides foraging/hunting habitat for the Ghost Bat.
No Ghost Bat roosts or maternity caves were recorded within the Proposal area during the December 2016 field survey (GHD 2017a). However, one cave potentially suitable to support the species is present in the rocky coastal cliffs. This cave is approximately 600 m from the north-west boundary of the Proposal area. It is unknown if this cave is affected by tidal movements (i.e. partially or completely fills with water) and/or is utilised by any bat species.
Masked Owl (northern sub-species) The distribution of the northern sub-species of the Masked Owl is poorly known, however it is thought to occur in three subpopulations including the Kimberley, Northern Territory and Cape York. In the Kimberley region, the species occurs from Yampi Sound north-east to Cambridge Gulf, including Windjana Gorge and Augustus Island. The Masked Owl inhabits a variety of habitats from riparian forest, rainforest, open forest, Melaleuca swamps and the edges of mangroves, as well as along the margins of sugar cane fields (DotEE 2017b).
The Masked Owl has been previously recorded on the eastern side of the island in the woodland habitat, outside the Proposal area (GHD 2014). This record is considered to be at the western edge of its currently known range. This species is likely to utilise large eucalypt species with developed hollows for breeding and potentially forage over the entire island.
In its current form (i.e. recently burnt), the woodland habitat within the Proposal area may provide foraging habitat for the Masked Owl, however it provides limited value as breeding habitat (GHD 2017a). Nine trees with large hollows were recorded in the survey area during the December 2016 field survey, and these may be utilised by the species. However none of the hollows showed evidence of existing or historical use (i.e. owl pellets, scats or hollow scaring). Four of these trees occur within the Proposal area, all of which were burnt in a bushfire in May 2016, and their hollows may not now be suitable for the Masked Owl.
Northern River Shark The Department of the Environment (2015a) reports that the northern river shark utilises rivers, tidal sections of large tropical estuarine systems and macrotidal embayments, as well as inshore and offshore marine habitats.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 27 Given this species known distribution, it is possible that they could occur near the Proposal area. Strong currents in the local area would limit the Northern River Shark’s presence in the bay proposed for the wharf (GHD 2017a).
Dwarf Sawfish The distribution of Dwarf Sawfish is considered to be restricted to northern Australia, ranging from northern Queensland to the Pilbara coastline. Sawfish generally inhabit shallow coastal waters and estuaries, which are utilised as nurseries for juveniles. Surveys have found most captures of Dwarf Sawfish occur over soft sediment environments (DotE 2015a).
Given this species known distribution, it is possible that they could occur near the Proposal area (GHD 2017). Due to the strong currents in the area, it is unlikely that the Sawfish would travel from shallow coastal waters elsewhere to the bay where the wharf is proposed.
Largetooth Sawfish Records indicate that juvenile and sub-adult Largetooth Sawfish are largely found in the river systems of northern Australia. Adult species then travel into estuarine and marine environments. Pupping is known to occur around Broome and Derby and adults have been found to inhabit shallow sandy coastal waters (DotE 2015a).
There are no known records of the Largetooth Sawfish in the waters around Cockatoo Island, however given the Island’s proximity to known pupping grounds, it is possible they could occur near the Proposal area. Strong currents in the local area would limit the Sawfish’s presence in the bay proposed for the wharf (GHD 2017).
Green Sawfish The Department of the Environment (2015a) reports that Green Sawfish are distributed from the Whitsunday Islands to Shark Bay. Individuals have been recorded from inshore coastal environments and estuaries to offshore deep waters (Stevens et al. 2005).
Given this species known distribution and habitat preferences, it is possible that they could occur near the Proposal area. Strong currents in the local area would limit the Sawfish’s presence in the bay proposed for the wharf (GHD 2017).
Green Turtle Green turtles are the most widespread and abundant turtle species in Western Australia waters, nesting from the Ningaloo coast to the Kimberley islands (Prince 1994). There are two known migration pathways for the Green Turtle from Scott Reef and Browse Island to the Australian mainland coast – either travelling north east to the Bonaparte Archipelago and then following the coast to the Northern Territory; or travelling south to Cape Leveque and along the coast to ‐ the Pilbara (Guinea 2010). Satellite tracking has shown that Green Turtles nesting on Browse Island and Sandy Island (Scott Reef) feed between 200 km and 1000 km from their nesting beaches (Pendoley 2005). In surveys by RPS (2010) from 2009-2010 in the Dampier Peninsula and Lacepede Islands, the majority of Green Turtles migrated north-east along the Kimberley coast in the post-nesting migration period (from approximately April).
Given the known migration route and use of shallow benthic habitats for foraging, it is likely that Green Turtles could occur near the Proposal area (GHD 2017). The species would likely use the locale of the proposed wharf development for opportunistic foraging while migrating through the area to other larger feeding grounds (e.g. seagrass beds). It is unlikely that the shallow benthic habitats within the area of the proposed wharf would provide principal foraging grounds for the species.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 28 Flatback Turtle The Flatback Turtle is one of the two turtle species without a global distribution, found only in tropical waters of northern Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, with nesting confined to Australia (Limpus 2007). The Kimberley region is an important nesting area, with significant nesting occurring on the Lacepede Islands. Studies of Flatback Turtles during the 2009-2010 nesting season on the Lacepede Islands tracked several individuals via satellite tags during the inter-nesting and post-nesting periods (RPS 2010). Individuals were found to remain within 50 km of the islands during the inter-nesting period. During post-nesting migration, turtles stayed in shallow depths, travelling from 17 km to up to 1,005 km, mainly staying within WA waters, such as Adele Island, Lacepede Island and the Maret Islands (north-east of Derby). Migration pathways of flatback turtles nesting in rookeries further south, such as Port Hedland, generally pass the Dampier Peninsula to probable foraging grounds in the Kimberley region (RPS 2010).
Given the known migration route and use of shallow benthic habitats for foraging, it is likely that Flatback Turtles could occur near the Proposal area (GHD 2017). The species would likely use the locale of the proposed wharf development for opportunistic foraging while migrating through the area to other larger feeding grounds (e.g. seagrass beds). It is unlikely that the shallow benthic habitats within the area of the proposed wharf would provide principal foraging grounds for the species.
Hawksbill Turtle The species has a global distribution throughout tropical, sub-tropical and temperate waters, with nesting largely concentrated on sub-tropical beaches (Marquex 1990). Adults tend to forage in tropical tidal and sub-tidal coral and rock reef habitats where they primarily feed on sponges and algae (DotEE 2017b). Key nesting and inter-nesting areas include the Dampier Archipelago, Barrow Island, Lowendal and Thevenard Islands, with areas of Ashmore Reef, Cartier Island and Sandy Island.
Given this turtle’s regional presence and use of reefs for foraging, it is likely that the Hawksbill Turtle could occur near the Proposal area (GHD 2017). The species would likely use the locale of the proposed wharf development for opportunistic foraging while migrating through the area to other larger feeding grounds (e.g. coral and reef areas). It is unlikely that the shallow benthic habitats within the area of the proposed wharf would provide principal foraging grounds for the species.
Humpback Whale Humpback Whales occur throughout Australian waters with their distribution influenced by their migratory pathways and aggregation areas for resting, breeding and calving. Humpbacks arrive in the coastal waters of the Kimberley after summer to breed and calve before returning to the Antarctic after the winter season has passed.
Humpback Whales are likely be in deeper waters near the Proposal area (GHD 2017).
3.3.4 Listed Migratory Species
The results of the terrestrial and marine field surveys (GHD 2014, GHD 2017, GHD 2017a) were combined with the results of the desktop assessment, including the EPBC PMST search, to provide a likelihood of occurrence assessment for EPBC listed Migratory species (Appendix B).
A summary of this assessment is provided in Table 3-9. Migratory species also listed as Threatened have already been discussed in section 3.3.3.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 29 Table 3-9 Migratory species likelihood of occurrence assessment
Common name Species names Likelihood Marine Birds Common Noddy Anous stolidus Unlikely Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Unlikely Known – recorded during Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel field surveys Great Frigatebird Fregata minor Unlikely Red-footed Booby Sula sula Unlikely Terrestrial/Wetland Birds Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Unlikely Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus Unlikely Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Unlikely Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Unlikely Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava Unlikely Oriental Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis Unlikely Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Unlikely Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Unlikely Known – recorded during Osprey Pandion cristatus field surveys Mammals Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Unlikely Dugong Dugong dugon Unlikely Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris Likely Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis Likely
Spotted Bottlenose/ Indian Tursiops aduncus Likely Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin Reptiles Saltwater Crocodile Crocodylus porosus Likely – infrequent visitor Fish Reef Manta Ray Manta alfredi Likely Giant Manta Ray Manta birostris Likely Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Likely
A number of additional marine species from the PMST search are listed as ‘Other matters protected by the EPBC Act’. These include a range of pipefish and sea snakes. Due to the limited impact of the Proposal on the marine habitats, and the availability of similar habitat in the local and regional areas these species are not discussed further.
Birds Three species listed as Migratory under the EPBC Act were recorded during the December 2016 terrestrial field survey (GHD 2017a). These were: Lesser Frigatebird (Fregata ariel) Osprey (Pandion cristatus)
Common Sandpiper (Tinga hypoleucos).
These species were observed flying over the survey area, are considered highly mobile and would opportunistically utilise the Proposal area for foraging.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 30 In addition, three species listed as Migratory under the EPBC Act were recorded during the 2013/2014 surveys of the entire Cockatoo Island (GHD 2014): Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) Common Greenshank (Tinga nebularia)
Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nigricans).
These three shorebird species were observed foraging along the tidal flats and nearby shoreline on the island, outside of the Proposal area. These species were not recorded in large numbers during the baseline surveys (GHD 2014), and it is likely that they opportunistically utilise the island for foraging and roosting. There is no suitable habitat for these three shorebird species within or immediately adjacent to the Proposal area.
The remaining 11 migratory bird species (including seabirds and shorebirds) identified in the PMST are considered unlikely to occur in the Proposal area on a regular basis and the habitats present within the Proposal area are well-represented elsewhere on Cockatoo Island as well as other islands in close proximity (e.g. Koolan and Irvine Islands). The woodland habitat and bay area within the Proposal area do not provide core habitat for any of these bird species and it is considered unlikely that these species would solely rely on the habitat available. In addition, with reference to DotE (2015), there is no important habitat for these bird species within the Proposal area.
Marine species No marine species listed as Migratory under the EPBC Act were recorded during the marine flora and fauna survey in November 2016 (GHD 2017). One species, the Saltwater Crocodile, has been noted in previous surveys as infrequently occurring near the Proposal area.
The potential for a number of marine migratory species to occur in proximity to the Proposal area was identified in the PMST search, and these species are discussed below.
Bryde’s Whale Byrde’s Whales are the second smallest of the baleen whales. They inhabit tropical and warm temperate waters and generally travel alone or in pairs. This species appears to be limited to the 200 m depth contour, moving along the coast in response to the availability of suitable prey, while the offshore form is found in deeper waters (500 to 1,000 m) (Best 1977). Because of its small population, lack of sightings and preference for deeper water, it is unlikely to be encountered within the Proposal area.
Dolphins Three species of dolphin were identified as potentially occurring near the Proposal area. Re-description and genetic research has shown the Irrawaddy Dolphin to be renamed the Australian Snubfin Dolphin. This dolphin is primarily found in nearshore habitats, but has been recorded up to 23 km offshore. Beagle Bay and Pender Bay are important areas for the Australian Snubfin Dolphin (DotEE 2016).
The Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin is primarily found in nearshore habitats, such as those within the Buccaneer Archipelago (DotEE 2016). Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins typically occur in open waters around coasts and islands, generally in less than 20 m water depth (Parra et al. 2002).
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 31 Little is known about the distribution of the Spotted Bottlenose Dolphin in the Kimberley region, although they have been recorded at the shelf edge and shelf slope area of the Browse Basin in large, high energy, mixed schools in association with tuna, seabirds and other pelagic cetaceans. Small groups of these species have also been observed resting in nearshore areas of coast on the lee side of bays (DSEWPaC 2012c). In Australia, the Spotted/ Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin is restricted to inshore areas such as bays and estuaries, nearshore waters, open coast environments, and shallow offshore waters including coastal areas around oceanic islands (DotEE 2017b). Due to shallow water preferences, the Irrawaddy/Australian Snubfin, the Indo-Pacific Humpback and the Spotted / Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphins are likely to be present all year round near the Proposal area.
Dugong North-western Australia is thought to have one of the largest populations of Dugongs in the world which are largely sighted feeding in wide and shallow seagrass beds but also in estuarine streams (DSEWPaC 2012d). Regional sightings pooled from 1996 to 2008 show some sightings around Cockatoo and Irvine Island but notably less than those around the Dampier Peninsula, Derby and the Walcott Inlet (Holley and Prince 2011).
Due to the Dugong’s presence being largely correlated with seagrass beds, the species is unlikely to utilise the Proposal area but may be found in other coastal areas of Cockatoo and adjacent islands where such habitats are present.
Saltwater Crocodile Saltwater Crocodiles are known to inhabit marine, coastal and riverine habitats from Port Hedland to Townsville (Department of Conservation and Land Management 2004). Anecdotal observations from Cockatoo Island confirm that Saltwater Crocodiles occur infrequently near the Proposal area and the species was recorded during the Aprasia Wildlife fauna survey of the island in 2009 (Aprasia Wildlife 2009). Saltwater Crocodiles would be an infrequent visitor to the Proposal area.
Reef Manta Ray and Giant Manta Ray Manta Rays commonly occur along the majority of Australian coastlines. The Reef and Giant Manta Rays may be found near the Proposal area, and may occasionally visit for foraging.
Killer Whales Killer Whales are thought to be the most cosmopolitan of all cetaceans in Australasian waters and have been sighted along the Kimberley coast (Kimberley Society 2010). Although not common, the Killer Whale may occur in near the Proposal area.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 32 4. Potential impacts to MNES and their assessment
This section and discusses the likely impacts associated with the Proposal on MNES.
4.1 National Heritage Places
Table 3-7 summarises the National Heritage Listing Criteria and National Heritage values relevant to West Kimberley and the area of Cockatoo Island (DotEE 2017a; DSEWPaC 2012; 2012a), and provides an assessment of potential impact to the values in relation to the Proposal.
The assessment concluded that the Proposal is unlikely to have a significant impact on the current condition of the National Heritage values of the West Kimberley National Heritage Place, due to:
Previous disturbances to Cockatoo Island including vegetation clearing and construction of mining infrastructure (airstrip, processing plant, open pit mine, permanent sea wall and wharf with ship loading facilities) and the associated townsite
Terrestrial works will be concentrated around previously cleared areas (e.g. the airstrip and mine). Clearing of up to 34.23 ha of native vegetation will be required of which 18.43 ha is in Degraded or Completely Degrade condition
The Proposal will disturb up to 6.18 ha of nearshore benthic marine habitat comprising 5.64 ha of bare rock, sand or pebbles and 0.54 ha of hard coral and algae
The proposed new wharf is in close proximity to existing developed areas
The Proposal will not cause further degradation, loss, modification or diminishment of the current aesthetic characteristics of Cockatoo Island and surrounds.
4.2 Listed Threatened Species and Ecological Communities
A likelihood of occurrence assessment has been undertaken and the results are summarised in Table 3-8. Assessment against species likely to occur is provided below.
Clearing and loss of terrestrial habitat Vegetation clearing for the Proposal will result in the permanent loss of habitat for the Ghost Bat and northern sub-species of the Masked Owl, including:
Up to 34.23 ha of potential foraging/hunting woodland habitat for the Ghost Bat Up to 34.23 ha of potential foraging and low value breeding habitat for the Masked Owl (northern).
Ghost Bat A review of the Significant Impact Guidelines (DotE 2013) was undertaken to consider the significance of potential impacts to the Ghost Bat from the Proposal (Appendix C). For the purpose of this assessment an important population of the Ghost Bat is the population restricted to the Kimberley region including all known records and locations documented by DotEE (2017b) and NatureMap (DPaW 2007- ).
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 33 The assessment concluded that the Proposal is unlikely to have a significant impact to an important population of the Ghost Bat because: No known core habitat (e.g. caves for breeding or roosting) for the Ghost Bat was recorded during the field surveys; foraging/hunting habitat is present only
There is a low risk of impact to one cave, approximately 600 m from the Proposal area, which is unlikely to provide suitable roosting habitat for the species. It is unknown if this cave is affected by the tidal movements (i.e. partially or completely fills with water) and/or is utilised by any bat species.
Masked Owl (northern sub-species) A review of the Significant Impact Guidelines (DotE 2013) was undertaken (Appendix C) to consider the significance of potential impacts to the Masked Owl (northern) from the Proposal. For the purpose of this assessment an important population of the Masked Owl (northern) is the population restricted to the Kimberley region including all known records and locations documented by DotEE (2017b) and NatureMap (DPaW 2007- ).
The assessment concluded that the Proposal is unlikely to have a significant impact to an important population of the northern sub-species of the Masked Owl because: Due to recent fires on the island, there is limited core habitat (e.g. trees with hollows for breeding) present within the Proposal area. Nine trees with hollows suitable for breeding were recorded during the recent field survey either within or in close proximity to the Proposal area. Four of these trees occur within the Proposal area and their hollows may not now be suitable for the Masked Owl
Suitable habitat is available elsewhere on the Island, and on Koolan and Irvine Islands, and the species has previously been recorded on Koolan Island. Both Koolan and Irvine Islands are located within flying distance for the Masked Owl, and it is unlikely that the loss 34.23 ha of potential habitat would substantially reduce the area of habitat available to the species or result in a long-term decrease in the size of the Kimberley population of the species. The species is likely to utilise the Proposal area opportunistically for foraging.
In its current form (i.e. recently burnt), the woodland habitat within the Proposal area provides limited potential breeding habitat for the Masked Owl (northern sub-species).
Construction of the wharf will result in the loss of a small sandy beach, which occurs at the apex of the bay. This beach is approximately 15 m wide and 75 m long. Given the small size of this beach, it does not provide suitable habitat for nesting turtles and therefore loss of this habitat will not impact the Green, Flatback or Hawkesbill Turtle.
Direct loss of benthic communities, habitat and waters Construction of the wharf will result in the direct loss of approximately 6.18 ha of benthic habitat comprising:
5.64 ha of bare rock, sand or pebbles
0.54 ha of area with hard coral and algae. This area also includes the sub-tidal and intertidal waters above the benthic communities.
These habitats may support marine fauna that use the habitats as food sources, refugia, spawning and nursery grounds. A barge with piling capabilities will be required for the proposed works, which will need to be anchored to complete the works. Repeated anchoring will physically disturb benthic communities and habitats.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 34 The results of the marine habitat survey indicated that habitat quality and benthic community coverage of the bay is substantially lower than that of the two bays to the east of the Proposal area (GHD 2017). Previous marine benthic surveys have also demonstrated that the quality of habitat and occurrence of benthic communities and habitats has been previously compromised to the northwest of the proposed wharf development, because of mining-related operations.
Post-construction, the benthic communities and habitats will be altered locally. The floating pontoon and moored vessels at the pontoon will reduce light reaching the seabed beneath. Any photosynthetic benthic communities such as hard coral or algae may be effected by the reduced light climate, which may affect marine fauna that previously utilised this area. Conversely, shaded structures also attract some marine fauna species as an area of refuge.
From observations of flora and fauna living on or around the existing ship loader piles, it is anticipated that a similar community assemblage will colonise proposed wharf infrastructure. This will provide alternative food sources, habitat and refugia for some marine fauna species.
The planned activities are unlikely to significant impact conservation significant marine fauna as there is no known critical habitat for any species within the bay.
Reduction in marine environmental quality A temporary reduction in water quality during construction may occur during drilling of the piles, inserting and anchoring of the sheet piles and placement of fill material. A reduction in water quality may occur through re-suspension of fine material that could smother benthic habitats, reducing the light climate reaching photosynthetic organisms.
During construction and operation, a number of solid and liquid wastes will be generated on both land and any vessels, including sewage, bilge waters, cooling waters, deck drainage, food wastes, lubricating oils and hydraulic oils. If released into the marine environment, hazardous and non-hazardous wastes and discharges could affect marine fauna through direct toxicity, ingestion or entanglement.
The planned activities are unlikely to significant impact conservation significant marine fauna as:
There is no known critical habitat for any species within the bay and no species are known to permanently reside in the bay
Once the sheet piles are in place, reclamation will occur using benign mine waste rock containing low levels of fine material. The sheet piles are expected to retain any fine material suspended
The large tidal ranges will result in rapid dispersion of any suspended material released outside of the reclamation
All wastes will be managed to ensure that there is no release to the marine environment Potential hazardous materials will be stored and handled according to applicable legislation
Any accidental spillages or releases of wastes or discharges will quickly disperse due to the large tidal range of the area.
Introduction of invasive marine species Vessels and marine equipment will be required during construction and operation. Invasive marine species can be carried by the vessel in ballast tanks, biofouling on the hull and internal systems, and in sediments collected around marine equipment. A successful translocation of an invasive marine species could out-compete the existing benthic communities.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 35 The planned activities are unlikely to significant impact conservation significant marine fauna as:
There is no known critical habitat for any species within the bay and no species are known to permanently reside in the bay Local construction vessels will be used to reduce the likelihood of translocating marine pests from high risk geographical areas.
Marine fauna interaction The physical presence and movement of construction vessels and reclamation of the bay has the potential to impact marine fauna. Impacts may range from behavioural (e.g. changes in surfacing patterns, swimming speed, duration underwater) to injury (e.g. propeller lacerations) or mortality (e.g. vessel strike, crushed by rocks). During normal operations, there could be up to seven vessel movements to and from the Island per week. Vessel movements have the potential to cause behavioural effects (e.g. changes in surfacing patterns, swimming speed, duration underwater) to injury (e.g. propeller lacerations) or mortality (e.g. vessel strike) to marine fauna.
Ship movements associated with the adjacent mine have occurred since 1951. Operational activities associated with ship movements to and from the Supply Base will incrementally increase vessel movements but will not introduce any new impacts.
The planned activities are unlikely to significant impact conservation significant marine fauna as:
There is no known critical habitat for any species within the bay and no species are known to permanently reside in the bay
The number of vessel movements will not be significant
Marine fauna identification posters and Marine Fauna Sighting Datasheets will be made available on-board construction vessels
Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans or turtles during construction activities and operational vessel movements
In accordance with Part 8 of the EPBC Regulations (Vessels), all vessels must travel at less than 6 knots and minimise noise within the caution zone of a cetacean (150 m radius for dolphins, 300 m for whales) known to be in the area In accordance with EPBC Act Policy Statement 2.1 Part A (DEWHA 2008), during piling activities:
o Precaution zones will be implemented (Observation (3+ km), Low Power (1 km) and Shut down (500 m))
o Pre-start up visual observation of precaution zones (>30 minutes before soft start) o Piling will not commence if cetaceans or turtles are within low power or shut-down zone
o Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans and turtles within precaution zones and vessel planned path throughout piling activities
o Piling will cease if cetacean or turtle enters shut-down zone
o Relevant crewmembers are briefed on EPBC Act Policy Statement requirements, soft start, start-up delay, operations and stop work procedures, nighttime and low visibility procedures.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 36 Noise emissions During construction, underwater noise will be generated by vessel operations including propellers/thrusters and associated machinery/engines, piling, securing the sheet piles and the reclamation process. During operations, underwater noise will be generated by vessel operation and workshop activities. Ship movements and ship loading activities associated with the transfer and transport of iron ore from the island have occurred since 1951. Further, mining activities below sea level have occurred at the adjacent mine since 2007, which has involved construction of a sea wall and rock revetment and blasting of material. Operational activities associated with ship movements to and from the Supply Base will result in an incremental increase in potential underwater noise but will not introduce any new impacts. Underwater noise has the potential to adversely affect marine fauna and in extreme cases cause physiological harm. Underwater noise may impact marine fauna by:
Causing behavioural changes including displacement from biologically important habitat areas (such as feeding, resting, breeding, calving and nursery sites) Masking or interference with other biologically important sounds such as communication or echolocation systems used by certain cetaceans for navigation and location of prey
Causing physical injury to hearing and other internal organs
Indirectly impacting predator or prey species.
The planned activities are unlikely to significant impact conservation significant marine fauna as:
No species are known to permanently reside in, or close to, the bay
Piles will be drilled rather than driven into the base rock
The number of vessel movements will not be significant
Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans or turtles during construction activities and operational vessel movements
Works will be timed to limit impacts to whales, dolphins, rays, turtles etc (i.e. outside of main migration timing)
In accordance with Part 8 of the EPBC Regulations (Vessels), all vessels must travel at less than 6 knots and minimise noise within the caution zone of a cetacean (150 m radius for dolphins, 300 m for whales) known to be in the area In accordance with EPBC Act Policy Statement 2.1 Part A (DEWHA 2008), during piling activities:
o Precaution zones will be implemented (Observation (3+ km), Low Power (1 km) and Shut down (500 m))
o Pre-start up visual observation of precaution zones (>30 minutes before soft start) o Piling will not commence if cetaceans or turtles are within low power or shut-down zone
o Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans and turtles within precaution zones and vessel planned path throughout piling activities
o Piling will cease if cetacean or turtle enters shut-down zone
o Relevant crewmembers are briefed on EPBC Act Policy Statement requirements, soft start, start-up delay, operations and stop work procedures, nighttime and low visibility procedures.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 37 Extension of the airstrip will involve blasting to level the area. Blasting activities will result in vibration being transmitted through the ground, which has the potential to impact the cave located approximately 600 m to the north-west of the Proposal. Although it is unknown whether this cave is affected by the tidal movements (i.e. partially or completely fills with water) and/or is utilised by any bat species (including the Ghost Bat), there is the potential for blasting to result in temporary disturbance to any roosting species. This risk of this disturbance occurring is considered to be low.
Light emissions Operations could occur 24 hours a day and navigational and safety lighting will be required that may affect marine fauna behaviour. Continuous lighting in the same location for an extended period may result in alterations to normal marine fauna behaviour such as:
Disorientation of turtle hatchlings (Environment Protection Authority 2010) Disorientation of nesting turtles (Environment Protection Authority 2010)
Attraction of some seabirds to illuminated structures or the attracted food sources (Marquennie et al. 2008).
The planned activities are unlikely to significant impact conservation significant marine fauna as:
Vessel or wharf spot lights not required for safety purposes will be turned off or directed inboard or towards land at night
Non-safety lights to be shielded and pointed inboard/at the deck/landward where possible.
4.3 Listed Migratory Species
A likelihood of occurrence assessment has been undertaken and the results are summarised in Table 3-9. Assessment against species likely to occur is provided below.
Terrestrial species A review of the Significant Impact Guidelines (DotE 2013) was undertaken to consider potential impacts to Migratory birds. These species are nomadic and highly mobile, utilising habitats as required. For the six migratory bird species previously recorded on Cockatoo Island, there is no important habitat that occurs within the Proposal area or which is likely to be impacted by the Proposal.
The Whimbrel, Common Greenshank and Gull-billed Tern are wading and open water species, and much of the available habitat to wading and shorebird species is restricted to the northern side of the island and will not be impacted by the proposed works. In addition, the Eastern Osprey and Lesser Frigatebird are highly mobile and would opportunistically utilise the Proposal area for foraging. No suitable nesting habitat for these species will be impacted by the proposed works
None of the species discussed are likely to rely on the habitats present within the Proposal area and clearing of habitat for the Proposal is unlikely to significantly impact a population of these species.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 38 Marine species A review of the Significant Impact Guidelines (DotE 2013) was undertaken to consider potential impacts to migratory dolphin and ray species likely to occur within the Proposal area. The Reef and Giant Manta Rays occur along the majority of Australian coastlines, and may occasionally occur in the Proposal area, although there are no areas of important habitat present for these species. Irrawaddy/Australian Snubfin and Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins are both widely distributed species, which may opportunistically use the area of the proposed wharf for foraging. All four of these species are unlikely to rely on the habitat present within the Proposal area and disturbance of the marine habitat is unlikely to significantly impact a population of these species. The discussion on potential construction and operational phase impacts in Section 4.2 also applies to marine migratory mammals, sharks, fish and reptile species. The potential to significantly impact a species of conservation significance is considered to be low.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 39 5. Management and Mitigation Strategies
This section outlines the measures which will be undertaken to avoid or reduce the impacts of the Proposal.
5.1 Design opportunities
The design of the Proposal stages and specific structural elements will be undertaken with consideration to minimise environmental impact. Potential aspects which will be considered in the design are likely to be:
Minimisation of land clearing requirements where possible through siting of structures and lay-down areas primarily in existing cleared areas Provision of drainage design that considers and reduces the potential impacts of runoff to land and water during operations. This will include installation of table drains adjacent to the airfield and hardstand areas to capture and infiltrate surface water runoff and design of drainage from and adjacent to the wharf to minimise runoff
Minimisation of benthic habitat loss or impact where possible through design of subsea structures and through minimally intrusive construction methods.
5.2 Construction management
Terrestrial A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be developed prior to construction commencing in order to provide actions and monitoring to minimise impacts to habitats and fauna species. The CEMP will include the following measures:
Fauna management measures will be implemented during clearing of native vegetation, including a qualified fauna handler being on site to identify and relocate fauna
Staging the clearing of native vegetation associated with the different aspects of the Proposal
Rehabilitation of areas associated with the Proposal that are not required for operational purposes.
Marine A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be developed prior to construction commencing in order to provide actions and monitoring to minimise impacts to habitats and fauna species. The CEMP will include the following measures: Use of local construction vessels to reduce the likelihood of translocating marine pests from high risk geographical areas Construction vessels will follow relevant Australian and international regulations, including MARPOL Marine Orders and Sewage Prevention Pollution Certificate, which include all hazardous materials being stored with secondary containment, with continuous bunding or drip trays around machinery or equipment with the potential to leak hazardous materials Construction vessels will have current MARPOL-compliant Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) and Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP – for noxious liquids)
Construction vessel equipment and machinery will be maintained on a Planned Maintenance System to avoid any unplanned discharges to the marine environment
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 40 There will be no discharge of untreated or macerated sewage or food wastes from vessels
All wastes will be stored on-board and transferred to the mainland for disposal at a licensed facility as per the vessels Waste Management Plan Waste containers (bins etc.) provided for waste containment will be clearly marked and suitably covered to prevent material being blown overboard. Marine fauna identification posters and Marine Fauna Sighting Datasheets will be made available on-board construction vessels
Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans or turtles during construction Works will be timed to limit impacts to whales, dolphins, rays, turtles etc (i.e. outside of main migration timing) In accordance with Part 8 of the EPBC Regulations (Vessels), all vessels must travel at less than 6 knots and minimise noise within the caution zone of a cetacean (150 m radius for dolphins, 300 m for whales) known to be in the area In accordance with EPBC Act Policy Statement 2.1 Part A (DEWHA 2008), during piling activities:
o Precaution zones will be implemented (Observation (3+ km), Low Power (1 km) and Shut down (500 m))
o Pre-start up visual observation of precaution zones (>30 minutes before soft start)
o Piling will not commence if cetaceans or turtles are within low power or shut-down zone
o Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans and turtles within precaution zones and vessel planned path throughout piling activities
o Piling will cease if cetacean or turtle enters shut-down zone o Relevant crewmembers are briefed on EPBC Act Policy Statement requirements, soft start, start-up delay, operations and stop work procedures, nighttime and low visibility procedures.
5.3 Operations Environmental Management
Marine A Operations Environmental Management Plan (OEMP) will be developed define techniques to minimise risks to the conservation significant fauna. The OEMP will include the following measures: Waste containers on the wharf (bins etc.) will be clearly marked and suitably covered to prevent material being blown into the marine environment. Wastes will be appropriately disposed of on the Island or transferred to the mainland for disposal at a licenced facility Hazardous materials stored on the wharf (e.g. marine gas oil, diesel, hydraulic fluids etc.) will be stored in self-bunded tanks or in drums within bunded and covered areas
Vessel or wharf spot lights not required for safety purposes will be turned off or directed inboard or towards land at night
Non-safety lights to be shielded and pointed inboard/at the deck/landward where possible
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 41 Construction vessels will follow relevant Australian and international regulations, including MARPOL Marine Orders and Sewage Prevention Pollution Certificate, which include all hazardous materials being stored with secondary containment, with continuous bunding or drip trays around machinery or equipment with the potential to leak hazardous materials
In accordance with Part 8 of the EPBC Regulations (Vessels), all vessels must travel at less than 6 knots and minimise noise within the caution zone of a cetacean (150 m radius for dolphins, 300 m for whales) known to be in the area In accordance with EPBC Act Policy Statement 2.1 Part A (DEWHA 2008), during piling activities:
o Precaution zones will be implemented (Observation (3+ km), Low Power (1 km) and Shut down (500 m))
o Pre-start up visual observation of precaution zones (>30 minutes before soft start) o Piling will not commence if cetaceans or turtles are within low power or shut-down zone
o Trained crew will maintain vigilant observation for marine cetaceans and turtles within precaution zones and vessel planned path throughout piling activities
o Piling will cease if cetacean or turtle enters shut-down zone o Relevant crewmembers are briefed on EPBC Act Policy Statement requirements, soft start, start-up delay, operations and stop work procedures, nighttime and low visibility procedures.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 42 6. Summary
A summary of the outcomes of assessment of potential impacts and their significance is provided in Table 6-1. The assessment concluded that potential impacts to MNES as a result of the Proposal are unlikely to be significant. Table 6-1 Summary of MNES impact assessment
MNES Presence based on baseline studies Potential Impacts Significance National Covers the entire Proposal area Limited impacts to the Unlikely to have a significant Heritage heritage values of the impact on the current condition Places West Kimberley of the National Heritage values National Heritage of the West Kimberley National Place. Heritage Place. Listed Two terrestrial species recorded during Clearing and loss of Unlikely to have a significant Threatened field surveys: terrestrial habitat. impact on any listed Species Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas) Direct loss of benthic Threatened Species. Masked Owl (northern sub-species) communities, habitat (Tyto novaehollandiae subsp. and waters. kimberli) Reduction in marine Eight marine species likely/possible to environmental quality. occur: Introduction of invasive Northern Rver Shark (Glyphis marine species. garricki) Marine fauna Dwarf Sawfish (Pristis clavata) interaction. Largetooth Sawfish (Pristis pristis) Noise emissions. Green Sawfish (Pristis zijsron) Light emissions. Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Flatback Turtle (Natator depressus) Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Listed Three bird species recorded during field Unlikely to have a significant Migratory surveys: impact on any listed Migratory Species Lesser Frigatebird (Fregata ariel) Species. Osprey (Pandion cristatus) Common Sandpiper (Tinga hypoleucos). Seven marine species likely to occur: Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) Spotted Bottlenose/ Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Manta Ray (Manta alfredi) Giant Manta Ray (Manta birostris) Killer Whale, Orca (Orcinus orca).
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 43 7. References
Aprasia Wildlife 2009, Fauna Assessment of Cockatoo Island (Desktop Review), Unpublished report prepared for Cockatoo Mining, July 2009.
Astron Environmental Services 2012, Cockatoo Island Weed Survey, Unpublished report prepared for HWE/Cockatoo Mining, June 2012. Beard, J.S. 1977, Vegetation Survey of Western Australia: Kimberley, map and explanatory memoir 1:1,000,000 series, Nedlands, University of Western Australia Press. Best, P.B. 1977, Two allopatric forms of Bryde's whale off South Africa. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 1), pg. 10-38. Bray, D. J., Manta alfredi in Fishes of Australia, accessed 15 Jun 2017, http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2738. Crossman, A.F. 1910, Birds seen in and around Broome, north-western Australia. Emu. 10:111- 113. Department of Conservation and Land Management 2004, Crocodiles (online). Available: https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants- animals/animals/crocodiles/crocodiles.pdf [accessed 2 December 2016] Department of the Environment (DotE) 2013, Matters of National Environmental Significance: Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1, Canberra.
Department of the Environment (DotE) 2015. Draft referral guideline for 14 birds listed as migratory species under the EPBC Act. Commonwealth of Australia.
Department of the Environment 2015a, Sawfish and River Sharks. Multispecies Recovery Plan (online). Available: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/062794ac-ef99-4fc8- 8c18-6c3cd5f6fca2/files/sawfish-river-sharks-multispecies-recovery-plan.pdf [accessed 1 December 2016].
Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) 2016. Orcaella heinsohni - Australian Snubfin Dolphin in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. (Online). Available: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=45 [accessed 10 December 2016]. Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) 2017, EPBC Protected Matters Search tool, retrieved January 2017, from http://www.environment.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/. Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) 2017a, Place Details: The West Kimberley, Great Northern Hwy, Broome, WA, retrieved March 2017, http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=106063. Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) 2017b, Species Profile and Threats Database, retrieved February 2017, http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl.
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) 2008. EPBC Act Policy Statement 2.1 – Interaction between offshore seismic exploration and whales (online). Available: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/8d928995-0694-414e-a082- 0ea1fff62fc8/files/seismic-whales.pdf.
Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW), 2007–, NatureMap: Mapping Western Australia’s biodiversity, Department of Parks and Wildlife, retrieved March 2017, from http://NatureMap.dpaw.wa.gov.au/default.aspx.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 44 Department of Sustainability, Water, Populations and Communities 2012, EPBC Act draft Referral Guidelines for the West Kimberley National Heritage Place. Canberra. Department of Sustainability, Water, Populations and Communities 2012a, West Kimberley National Heritage Place – A draft guide for landholders. Canberra.
Department of Sustainability, Water, Populations and Communities 2012b, Species group report card – seabirds and migratory shorebirds Supporting the marine bioregional plan for the North- west Marine Region. Canberra.
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC) 2012c, Species group report card – cetaceans. Supporting the marine bioregional plan for the North-west Marine Region. Canberra.
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 2012d, Species group report- dugongs. Supporting the marine bioregional plan for the North-West Marine Region. Canberra.
Environmental Protection Authority 2010, Environmental Assessment Guidelines: No. 5 Environmental Assessment Guideline for Protecting Marine Turtles from Light Impacts. Perth, WA.
Environmental Protection Authority 2016, Environmental Factor Guideline: Flora and Vegetation.
ENV Australia 2008, Cockatoo Island Declared Rare and Priority Flora Species Search, Unpublished report prepared for Henry Walker Eltin and Portman Mining, February 2008. Garnett S.T., Szabo J and Dutson G 2011, The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing: Canberra, ACT.
GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) 2014, Cockatoo Island, Flora, Fauna and SRE Surveys, Unpublished survey data collected for Pluton Resources, 2014.
GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) 2017, Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, Technical Study – Marine Flora and Fauna, Unpublished report prepared for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd, 2017.
GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) 2017a, Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, Technical Study - Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Assessment, Unpublished report prepared for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd, 2017.
Government of Western Australia (GoWA) 2015, 2015 Statewide Vegetation Statistics incorporating the CAR Reserve Analysis (Full report), Current as of June 2015, Perth Western Australia, Department of Parks and Wildlife, retrieved February 2017, from https://www2.landgate.wa.gov.au/web/guest/downloader. Guinea, M.L., 1995, Sea turtles and sea snakes of Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve. Report of Australian Nature Conservation Agency. Darwin, Northern Territory University: pg 116.
Guinea, M.L. 2010. Technical Appendix 21: Long Term Monitoring of the Marine Turtles of Scott Reef – February 2010 Field Survey Report. Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory. September 2010. Report for Woodside. Holley, D.K. and Prince, R.I.T. 2011, Historical datasets of dugong (Dugong Dugon) observations in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia- Data Report- Report No. 2008-03. Edith Cowan University, Research Online.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 45 Hutson, A. M., Mickleburgh, S. P. & Racey, P. A. 2001, Microchiropteran Bats - Global Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.Koopman, K. (1984). Taxonomic and distributional notes on tropical Australian bats. American Museum Novitates 2778, 1-48.
Kimberley Society 2010, Whales and the Kimberley Coast (online). Available: http://www.kimberleysociety.org/images/kimbsoc---lahcheejah.pdf [accessed 1 December 2016]. Limpus, C.J. 2007, A biological review of Australian marine turtle species. 5. Flatback turtle, Natator depressus (Garman). Queensland Environmental Protection Agency.
Marchant, S. and Higgins, P.J. (eds) 1990, Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, volume 1: ratites to ducks, part A: ratites to petrels, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Marchant, S. and P.J. Higgins, eds. 1993, Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 2 - Raptors to Lapwings. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
Marquennie, J., Donners, M., Poot, H., Steckel, W., and de Wit, B. 2008, Adapting the spectral composition of artificial lighting to safeguard the environment. Marquez, R. 1990, FAO Species Catalogue; Sea Turtles of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sea turtles species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125 (11): pp 81. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
Marshall, A., Bennett, M.B., Kodja, G., Hinojosa-Alvarez, S., Galvan-Magana, F., Harding, M., Stevens, G. & Kashiwagi, T. 2011. Manta birostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T198921A9108067. McKenzie, N. L., and Bullen, R. D. 2009, The echolocation calls, habitat relationships, foragingniches and communities of Pilbara microbats. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78, 123-155. McKenzie, N. L., and Bullen, R.D. 2012, An acoustic survey of zoophagic bats on islands in the Kimberley, Western Australia, including data on the echolocation ecology, organisation and habitat relationships of regional communities. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81, 67-107.
McKenzie, N., and Hall, L. 2008, Macroderma gigas. In ‘IUCN red list of threatened species.’ retrieved March 2017, Available: http://www.iucnredlist.org Morcombe, M 2004, Field Guide to Australian Birds, Steve Parish Publishing Archer Field Queensland Australia Mount Gibson Iron 2012, Koolan Island Iron Ore Mine and Port Facility Project – Significant Fauna Species Management Plan, Mount Gibson Iron.
MScience 2011. Cockatoo Island Marine Closure Knowledge Base and Completion Criteria. Unpublished report prepared for Cockatoo Mining Pty Ltd. MScience 2013. Cockatoo Island Barge Wharf Benthic Habitat Survey. Unpublished memo prepared for Pluton Resources.
Nelson, J.B. 2005, Pelicans, cormorants, and their relatives: Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Phaethontidae, Bird families of the world 17, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. Outback Ecology Services 2009, Cockatoo Island Rehabilitation Planning, Unpublished report prepared for Cockatoo Mining, September 2009.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 46 Parra, G. J., Preen, A. R., Corkeron, P. J., Azuma, C. and Marsh, H. 2002. Distribution of Irrawaddy dolphins, Orcaella brevirostris, in Australian waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 10:141-154. Pendoley, K.L. 2005, Sea turtles and the environmental management of industrial activities in north-west Western Australia. Ph.D. Thesis. PhD Thesis, Murdoch University: Perth. Prince, R.I.T. 1994, Status of the Western Australian marine turtle populations: The Western Australian Marine Turtle Project 1986–1990. pp. 1–14 in Proceedings of the Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop, Gold Coast, 14–17 November 1990. RPS 2010, Marine Megafauna Survey Report 2009. Report produced for Woodside Energy Limited. Stevens, J.D., Pillans, R.D. and Salini, J.P. 2005, Conservation Assessment of Glyphis glyphis (speartooth shark), Glyphis garicki (northern river shark), Pristis microdon (freshwater sawfish) and Pristis zijsron (green sawfish). Report to the Department of Environment and Heritage. Canberra. Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TTSC) 2015. Approved Conservation Advice for Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli (masked owl (northern)). Canberra: Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/26048-conservation- advice-01102015.pdf. Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TTSC) 2016. Approved Conservation Advice for Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus (bare-rumped sheathtail bat). Canberra: Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/66889-conservation- advice-07122016.pdf. Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TTSC) 2016a. Approved Conservation Advice for Macroderma gigas (ghost bat). Canberra: Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/174-conservation- advice-05052016.pdf.
Tidemann, C. R., Priddel, D. M., Nelson, J. E., and Pettigrew, J. D. 1985, Foraging behaviour of theAustralian Ghost Bat, Macroderma gigas (Microchiroptera: Megadermatidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 33, 705-713. van Dyck, S, Gynther, I and Baker, A 2013, Field Companion to the Mammals of Australia, First edition, New Holland Publishing, Sydney Australia. W A Herbarium 1998–, FloraBase—the Western Australian Flora. Department of Parks and Wildlife, retrieved July 2013 & May 2017, from http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/ Warham, J 1957, Cockatoo Island Birds, The Emu, vol 54(4), pp 225-231.
Wells, R.S. and Scott, M.D. 2002, Bottlenose dolphins. In: Perrin W.F., B. Würsig, & J.G.M. Thewissen, eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. San Diego: Academic Press. Worthington Wilmer, J. 1996, Genetic variation and population structure in the threatened Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane.
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 47 Appendices
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 Appendix A – EPBC Act Protected Matters Report
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 49 EPBC Act Protected Matters Report
This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.
Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.
Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.
Report created: 24/01/17 17:57:40
Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements
This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010
Coordinates Buffer: 5.0Km Summary
Matters of National Environmental Significance
This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.
World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: 1 Wetlands of International Importance: None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: None Listed Threatened Species: 16 Listed Migratory Species: 34
Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act
This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.
The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage
A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.
Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 63 Whales and Other Cetaceans: 11 Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Commonwealth Reserves Marine: None
Extra Information
This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.
State and Territory Reserves: None Regional Forest Agreements: None Invasive Species: 1 Nationally Important Wetlands: None Key Ecological Features (Marine) None Details
Matters of National Environmental Significance National Heritage Properties [ Resource Information ] Name State Status Natural The West Kimberley WA Listed place
Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area
Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk [942] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area
Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area
Mammals Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat, Bare-rumped Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sheathtail Bat [66889] may occur within area
Reptiles Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Chelonia mydas Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation known to occur within area Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Natator depressus Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation known to occur within area Sharks Carcharodon carcharias White Shark, Great White Shark [64470] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area Name Status Type of Presence Glyphis garricki Northern River Shark, New Guinea River Shark Endangered Species or species habitat [82454] may occur within area
Pristis clavata Dwarf Sawfish, Queensland Sawfish [68447] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Pristis pristis Largetooth Sawfish, Freshwater Sawfish, River Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish known to occur within area [60756] Pristis zijsron Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish Vulnerable Species or species habitat [68442] known to occur within area
Rhincodon typus Whale Shark [66680] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area
Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Marine Birds Anous stolidus Common Noddy [825] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird, Least Frigatebird [1012] Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Fregata minor Great Frigatebird, Greater Frigatebird [1013] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Sula sula Red-footed Booby [1023] Breeding known to occur within area Migratory Marine Species Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale [35] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Carcharodon carcharias White Shark, Great White Shark [64470] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area
Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Chelonia mydas Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation known to occur within area Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile [1774] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Dugong dugon Dugong [28] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Manta alfredi Reef Manta Ray, Coastal Manta Ray, Inshore Manta Species or species habitat Ray, Prince Alfred's Ray, Resident Manta Ray [84994] known to occur within area
Manta birostris Giant Manta Ray, Chevron Manta Ray, Pacific Manta Species or species habitat Ray, Pelagic Manta Ray, Oceanic Manta Ray [84995] may occur within area
Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Natator depressus Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation known to occur within area Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin [45] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Orcinus orca Killer Whale, Orca [46] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Pristis clavata Dwarf Sawfish, Queensland Sawfish [68447] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Pristis pristis Largetooth Sawfish, Freshwater Sawfish, River Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish known to occur within area [60756] Pristis zijsron Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish Vulnerable Species or species habitat [68442] known to occur within area
Rhincodon typus Whale Shark [66680] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area
Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin [50] Breeding known to occur within area Tursiops aduncus (Arafura/Timor Sea populations) Spotted Bottlenose Dolphin (Arafura/Timor Sea Species or species habitat populations) [78900] likely to occur within area
Migratory Terrestrial Species Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Swallow [80610] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Cuculus optatus Oriental Cuckoo, Horsfield's Cuckoo [86651] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow [662] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Migratory Wetlands Species Name Threatened Type of Presence Acrocephalus orientalis Oriental Reed-Warbler [59570] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area
Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area
Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Breeding known to occur within area
Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Acrocephalus orientalis Oriental Reed-Warbler [59570] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Anous stolidus Common Noddy [825] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area
Cuculus saturatus Oriental Cuckoo, Himalayan Cuckoo [710] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird, Least Frigatebird [1012] Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Fregata minor Great Frigatebird, Greater Frigatebird [1013] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Hirundo daurica Red-rumped Swallow [59480] Species or species habitat may occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow [662] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area
Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Breeding known to occur within area Sula sula Red-footed Booby [1023] Breeding known to occur within area Fish Campichthys tricarinatus Three-keel Pipefish [66192] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Choeroichthys brachysoma Pacific Short-bodied Pipefish, Short-bodied Pipefish Species or species habitat [66194] may occur within area
Choeroichthys suillus Pig-snouted Pipefish [66198] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Corythoichthys amplexus Fijian Banded Pipefish, Brown-banded Pipefish Species or species habitat [66199] may occur within area
Corythoichthys flavofasciatus Reticulate Pipefish, Yellow-banded Pipefish, Network Species or species habitat Pipefish [66200] may occur within area
Cosmocampus banneri Roughridge Pipefish [66206] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Doryrhamphus excisus Bluestripe Pipefish, Indian Blue-stripe Pipefish, Pacific Species or species habitat Blue-stripe Pipefish [66211] may occur within area
Doryrhamphus janssi Cleaner Pipefish, Janss' Pipefish [66212] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Halicampus brocki Brock's Pipefish [66219] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Halicampus grayi Mud Pipefish, Gray's Pipefish [66221] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Halicampus spinirostris Spiny-snout Pipefish [66225] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Haliichthys taeniophorus Ribboned Pipehorse, Ribboned Seadragon [66226] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hippichthys penicillus Beady Pipefish, Steep-nosed Pipefish [66231] Species or species Name Threatened Type of Presence habitat may occur within area Hippocampus histrix Spiny Seahorse, Thorny Seahorse [66236] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hippocampus kuda Spotted Seahorse, Yellow Seahorse [66237] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hippocampus planifrons Flat-face Seahorse [66238] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hippocampus spinosissimus Hedgehog Seahorse [66239] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Micrognathus micronotopterus Tidepool Pipefish [66255] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Solegnathus hardwickii Pallid Pipehorse, Hardwick's Pipehorse [66272] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Solegnathus lettiensis Gunther's Pipehorse, Indonesian Pipefish [66273] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Solenostomus cyanopterus Robust Ghostpipefish, Blue-finned Ghost Pipefish, Species or species habitat [66183] may occur within area
Solenostomus paegnius Rough-snout Ghost Pipefish [68425] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Syngnathoides biaculeatus Double-end Pipehorse, Double-ended Pipehorse, Species or species habitat Alligator Pipefish [66279] may occur within area
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus Bentstick Pipefish, Bend Stick Pipefish, Short-tailed Species or species habitat Pipefish [66280] may occur within area
Trachyrhamphus longirostris Straightstick Pipefish, Long-nosed Pipefish, Straight Species or species habitat Stick Pipefish [66281] may occur within area
Mammals Dugong dugon Dugong [28] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Reptiles Acalyptophis peronii Horned Seasnake [1114] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Aipysurus duboisii Dubois' Seasnake [1116] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Aipysurus eydouxii Spine-tailed Seasnake [1117] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Aipysurus laevis Olive Seasnake [1120] Species or species habitat may occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Astrotia stokesii Stokes' Seasnake [1122] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area
Chelonia mydas Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation known to occur within area Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater Crocodile, Johnston's Crocodile, Species or species habitat Johnston's River Crocodile [1773] may occur within area
Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile [1774] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Disteira kingii Spectacled Seasnake [1123] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Disteira major Olive-headed Seasnake [1124] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Emydocephalus annulatus Turtle-headed Seasnake [1125] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area
Hydrelaps darwiniensis Black-ringed Seasnake [1100] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hydrophis elegans Elegant Seasnake [1104] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hydrophis mcdowelli null [25926] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Hydrophis ornatus Spotted Seasnake, Ornate Reef Seasnake [1111] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Lapemis hardwickii Spine-bellied Seasnake [1113] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Natator depressus Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Congregation or aggregation known to occur within area Pelamis platurus Yellow-bellied Seasnake [1091] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Whales and other Cetaceans [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Mammals Name Status Type of Presence Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale [35] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Delphinus delphis Common Dophin, Short-beaked Common Dolphin [60] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Grampus griseus Risso's Dolphin, Grampus [64] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin [45] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Orcinus orca Killer Whale, Orca [46] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin [50] Breeding known to occur within area Stenella attenuata Spotted Dolphin, Pantropical Spotted Dolphin [51] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Tursiops aduncus Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin, Spotted Bottlenose Species or species habitat Dolphin [68418] likely to occur within area
Tursiops aduncus (Arafura/Timor Sea populations) Spotted Bottlenose Dolphin (Arafura/Timor Sea Species or species habitat populations) [78900] likely to occur within area
Tursiops truncatus s. str. Bottlenose Dolphin [68417] Species or species habitat may occur within area
Extra Information Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.
Name Status Type of Presence Plants Jatropha gossypifolia Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut, Bellyache Bush, Cotton-leaf Species or species habitat Physic Nut, Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black Physic Nut likely to occur within area [7507] Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report.
This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritage properties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.
Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.
For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.
Threatened, migratory and marine species distributions have been derived through a variety of methods. Where distributions are well known and if time permits, maps are derived using either thematic spatial data (i.e. vegetation, soils, geology, elevation, aspect, terrain, etc) together with point locations and described habitat; or environmental modelling (MAXENT or BIOCLIM habitat modelling) using point locations and environmental data layers.
Where very little information is available for species or large number of maps are required in a short time-frame, maps are derived either from 0.04 or 0.02 decimal degree cells; by an automated process using polygon capture techniques (static two kilometre grid cells, alpha-hull and convex hull); or captured manually or by using topographic features (national park boundaries, islands, etc). In the early stages of the distribution mapping process (1999-early 2000s) distributions were defined by degree blocks, 100K or 250K map sheets to rapidly create distribution maps. More reliable distribution mapping methods are used to update these distributions as time permits.
Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database:
- threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.
Coordinates
-16.094 123.61067 Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales -Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia -Department of Land and Resource Management, Northern Territory -Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland -Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia -Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT -Birdlife Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -South Australian Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence Forestry Corporation, NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns -eBird Australia -Australian Government – Australian Antarctic Data Centre -Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory -Australian Government National Environmental Science Program -Australian Institute of Marine Science -Reef Life Survey Australia -American Museum of Natural History -Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Inveresk, Tasmania -Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, Tasmania -Other groups and individuals
The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.
Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.
© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111 NatureMap Flora Species Report 5 km Created By Guest user on 24/01/2017
Kingdom Plantae Current Names Only Yes Core Datasets Only Yes Method 'By Circle' Centre 123° 36' 46'' E,16° 05' 40'' S Buffer 5km Group By Family
Family Species Records Amaranthaceae 1 2 Anacardiaceae 1 1 Apocynaceae 2 4 Araliaceae 1 2 Asparagaceae 1 1 Asphodelaceae 1 1 Asteraceae 4 5 Boraginaceae 1 1 Burseraceae 1 2 Casuarinaceae 1 2 Caulerpaceae 3 5 Celastraceae 1 1 Combretaceae 2 3 Convolvulaceae 2 4 Dilleniaceae 1 1 Droseraceae 1 1 Ebenaceae 1 1 Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Fabaceae 13 19 Flagellariaceae 1 1 Goodeniaceae 1 2 Loranthaceae 1 1 Malvaceae 7 9 Meliaceae 1 1 Moraceae 1 1 Moringaceae 1 3 Myrtaceae 3 3 Passifloraceae 1 2 Phyllanthaceae 1 1 Plantaginaceae 1 1 Poaceae 8 11 Rubiaceae 2 2 Santalaceae 1 2 Sapotaceae 2 2 Solanaceae 1 1 Verbenaceae 2 5 TOTAL 76 109
Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area Amaranthaceae 1. 2705 Ptilotus capitatus Anacardiaceae 2. 4719 Mangifera indica (Mango) Y Apocynaceae 3. 6569 Catharanthus roseus (Pink Periwinkle) Y 4. 12683 Cryptostegia madagascariensis Y Araliaceae 5. 6270 Trachymene didiscoides Asparagaceae 6. 1505 Agave americana (Century Plant) Y Asphodelaceae 7. 36276 Aloe vera Y Asteraceae 8. 19063 Cyanthillium cinereum 9. 38441 Sphagneticola trilobata Y 10. 8252 Tridax procumbens (Tridax, Tridax Daisy) Y
NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.
Page 1 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 11. Vernonia elliptica Y Boraginaceae 12. 10992 Heliotropium glabellum Burseraceae 13. 11617 Canarium australianum var. glabrum Casuarinaceae 14. 19842 Casuarina equisetifolia Y Caulerpaceae 15. 44547 Caulerpa lamourouxii 16. 26576 Caulerpa serrulata 17. 26579 Caulerpa taxifolia Celastraceae 18. 4722 Denhamia obscura Combretaceae 19. 5297 Quisqualis indica Y 20. Terminalia catappa Convolvulaceae 21. 6644 Merremia aegyptia Y 22. 6646 Merremia dissecta Y Dilleniaceae 23. 5151 Hibbertia oblongata Droseraceae 24. 14919 Drosera ordensis Ebenaceae 25. 6497 Diospyros maritima Euphorbiaceae 26. 17342 Euphorbia cyathophora Y 27. 4629 Euphorbia hirta (Asthma Plant) Y 28. 18124 Euphorbia tirucalli Y Fabaceae 29. 3241 Acacia bivenosa 30. 16174 Acacia elachantha 31. 3371 Acacia hippuroides 32. 13359 Acacia oligoneura 33. 3580 Acacia translucens (Poverty Bush, Banmung) 34. 17574 Alysicarpus ovalifolius Y 35. 17146 Alysicarpus vaginalis Y 36. 3769 Clitoria ternatea Y 37. 17433 Cullen badocanum 38. 3857 Desmodium tortuosum (Florida Beggarweed) Y 39. 11158 Gompholobium subulatum 40. 3613 Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) Y 41. 4280 Tephrosia rosea (Flinders River Poison, Bungoo'dah) Flagellariaceae 42. 1055 Flagellaria indica (Gadji) Goodeniaceae 43. 7623 Scaevola macrostachya Loranthaceae 44. 13700 Amyema bifurcata Malvaceae 45. 13010 Brachychiton diversifolius subsp. diversifolius 46. 18412 Corchorus puberulus 47. 4913 Gossypium hirsutum (Upland Cotton) Y 48. 4916 Gossypium populifolium 49. 5054 Melochia umbellata 50. 14961 Triumfetta carteri 51. 17530 Triumfetta coronata Meliaceae 52. 32097 Khaya senegalensis Y Moraceae 53. Ficus benjamina
NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.
Page 2 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area Moringaceae 54. 19717 Moringa oleifera Y Myrtaceae 55. 16784 Corymbia dendromerinx 56. 5599 Eucalyptus confluens (Kimberley Gum) 57. 5715 Eucalyptus miniata (Woollybutt, Manawan) Passifloraceae 58. 5226 Passiflora foetida (Stinking Passion Flower) Y Phyllanthaceae 59. 4603 Bridelia tomentosa Plantaginaceae 60. 7101 Stemodia lythrifolia (Bunu Bunu) Poaceae 61. 258 Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass) Y 62. 29721 Cenchrus setiger (Birdwood Grass) Y 63. 266 Chloris barbata (Purpletop Chloris) Y 64. 272 Chloris virgata (Feathertop Rhodes Grass) Y 65. 414 Eriachne obtusa (Northern Wandarrie Grass) 66. 14985 Melinis repens Y 67. Triodia sp. 68. 10865 Urochloa subquadripara Rubiaceae 69. 7335 Morinda citrifolia 70. 7364 Timonius timon Santalaceae 71. 11169 Exocarpos latifolius (Broad-leaved Cherry) Sapotaceae 72. 6492 Mimusops elengi (Walara) 73. 31172 Sersalisia sericea (Nangi) Solanaceae 74. 7042 Solanum vansittartense P2 Verbenaceae 75. 6733 Lantana camara (Common Lantana) Y 76. 13104 Stachytarpheta cayennensis Y
Conservation Codes T - Rare or likely to become extinct X - Presumed extinct IA - Protected under international agreement S - Other specially protected fauna 1 - Priority 1 2 - Priority 2 3 - Priority 3 4 - Priority 4 5 - Priority 5
1 For NatureMap's purposes, species flagged as endemic are those whose records are wholely contained within the search area. Note that only those records complying with the search criterion are included in the calculation. For example, if you limit records to those from a specific datasource, only records from that datasource are used to determine if a species is restricted to the query area.
NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.
Page 3 NatureMap Fauna Species Report 5 km Created By Guest user on 24/01/2017
Kingdom Animalia Current Names Only Yes Core Datasets Only Yes Method 'By Circle' Centre 123° 36' 41'' E,16° 05' 38'' S Buffer 5km Group By Species Group
Species Group Species Records Bird 60 187 Fish 27 49 Invertebrate 1 1 Mammal 7 100 Reptile 22 231 TOTAL 117 568
Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area Bird 1. 25536 Accipiter fasciatus (Brown Goshawk) 2. 24719 Aprosmictus erythropterus (Red-winged Parrot) 3. 25567 Artamus leucorynchus (White-breasted Woodswallow) 4. 24354 Artamus leucorynchus subsp. leucopygialis (White-breasted Woodswallow) 5. 24355 Artamus minor (Little Woodswallow) 6. 25716 Cacatua sanguinea (Little Corella) 7. 24727 Cacatua sanguinea subsp. westralensis (Little Corella) 8. 24730 Calyptorhynchus banksii subsp. macrorhynchus (Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo) 9. 25600 Centropus phasianinus (Pheasant Coucal) 10. Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae 11. 24566 Conopophila rufogularis (Rufous-throated Honeyeater) 12. 25568 Coracina novaehollandiae (Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike) 13. 25569 Coracina papuensis (White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike, Little Cuckoo-shrike) 14. 24420 Cracticus nigrogularis (Pied Butcherbird) 15. 25673 Daphoenositta chrysoptera (Varied Sittella) 16. 25607 Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Mistletoebird) 17. 25604 Eudynamys scolopacea (Common Koel) 18. 25621 Falco berigora (Brown Falcon) 19. 24478 Fregata ariel (Lesser Frigatebird) IA 20. 24402 Geopelia humeralis (Bar-shouldered Dove) 21. 25585 Geopelia striata (Zebra Dove) 22. 25533 Gerygone olivacea (White-throated Gerygone) 23. 24443 Grallina cyanoleuca (Magpie-lark) 24. 25627 Haematopus fuliginosus (Sooty Oystercatcher) 25. 24293 Haliaeetus leucogaster (White-bellied Sea-Eagle) IA 26. 25541 Haliastur indus (Brahminy Kite) 27. 24297 Hamirostra melanosternon (Black-breasted Buzzard) 28. 25571 Lalage leucomela (Varied Triller) 29. 25661 Lichmera indistincta (Brown Honeyeater) 30. 24583 Manorina flavigula (Yellow-throated Miner) 31. 24585 Melithreptus albogularis (White-throated Honeyeater) 32. 24598 Merops ornatus (Rainbow Bee-eater) IA 33. 25693 Microeca fascinans (Jacky Winter) 34. 25611 Myiagra rubecula (Leaden Flycatcher) 35. 25612 Myiagra ruficollis (Broad-billed Flycatcher) 36. 25748 Ninox novaeseelandiae (Boobook Owl) 37. 25564 Nycticorax caledonicus (Rufous Night Heron) 38. 24608 Oriolus sagittatus (Olive-backed Oriole) 39. 25680 Pachycephala rufiventris (Rufous Whistler) 40. Pandion cristatus 41. 25543 Pandion haliaetus (Osprey)
NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.
Page 1 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 42. 24627 Pardalotus rubricatus (Red-browed Pardalote) 43. 25682 Pardalotus striatus (Striated Pardalote) 44. 24658 Petroica cucullata (Hooded Robin) 45. 25699 Phalacrocorax varius (Pied Cormorant) 46. 25667 Philemon argenticeps (Silver-crowned Friarbird) 47. 25668 Philemon citreogularis (Little Friarbird) 48. 24749 Platycercus venustus (Northern Rosella) 49. 25588 Ptilinopus regina (Rose-crowned Fruit-dove) 50. 25725 Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis (Great Bowerbird) 51. 25614 Rhipidura leucophrys (Willie Wagtail) 52. 25616 Rhipidura rufiventris (Northern Fantail) 53. 30949 Sterna nilotica (Gull-billed Tern) 54. 25754 Sula leucogaster (Brown Booby) IA 55. 30872 Taeniopygia bichenovii (Double-barred Finch) 56. Thalasseus bengalensis 57. Thalasseus bergii 58. 24844 Threskiornis molucca (Australian White Ibis) 59. 25549 Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) 60. 24857 Zosterops luteus (Yellow White-eye) Fish 61. Amblygobius bynoensis 62. Amphiprion percula 63. Amphiprion rubrocinctus 64. Antennarius nummifer 65. Apogon rueppellii 66. Centrogenys vaigiensis 67. Chaetodermis penicilligera 68. Dischistodus darwiniensis 69. Epinephelus bilobatus 70. Epinephelus coioides 71. Halophryne diemensis 72. Halophryne sp. Y 73. Hyporhamphus quoyi 74. Istiblennius meleagris 75. Liocranium praepositum 76. Lophiocharon trisignatus 77. Opistognathus darwiniensis 78. Parascorpaena picta 79. Plotosus lineatus 80. Pomacentrus tripunctatus Y 81. Pterapogon mirifica 82. Strongylura leiura 83. Toxotes jaculatrix 84. Trachinotus botla Y 85. Tragulichthys jaculiferus 86. Valenciennea muralis 87. Yongeichthys nebulosus Invertebrate 88. Trichocyclus worora Mammal 89. 24253 Capra hircus (Goat) Y 90. 24215 Hydromys chrysogaster (Water-rat) P4 91. 24051 Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback Whale) T 92. 24172 Pteropus alecto (Black Flying-fox) 93. 24175 Taphozous georgianus (Common Sheathtail-bat) 94. 24203 Vespadelus caurinus (Western Cave Bat) 95. 24248 Zyzomys argurus (Common Rock-rat) Reptile 96. 25317 Antaresia childreni (Children's Python) 97. 25017 Carlia triacantha (Desert Rainbow Skink) 98. 24919 Crenadactylus ocellatus subsp. horni (Clawless Gecko) 99. 24859 Crocodylus porosus (Salt-water Crocodile) S 100. 25020 Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus 101. 25048 Ctenotus inornatus 102. 25088 Cyclodomorphus maximus (Giant Slender Blue-tongue) 103. 24996 Delma borea 104. 25325 Dendrelaphis punctulata (Green Tree Snake) 105. 42404 Eremiascincus isolepis
NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.
Page 2 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 106. 24952 Gehyra australis 107. 24955 Gehyra occidentalis 108. 24961 Heteronotia binoei (Bynoe's Gecko) 109. 24963 Heteronotia planiceps 110. 25139 Lerista greeri 111. 25005 Lialis burtonis 112. 25239 Liasis olivaceus subsp. olivaceus (Olive Python) 113. 25194 Morethia ruficauda subsp. ruficauda 114. 25261 Pseudechis australis (Mulga Snake) 115. 25208 Tiliqua scincoides subsp. intermedia 116. 25217 Varanus glauerti (Kimberley Rock Monitor) 117. 25213 Varanus glebopalma (Black-palmed Rock Monitor)
Conservation Codes T - Rare or likely to become extinct X - Presumed extinct IA - Protected under international agreement S - Other specially protected fauna 1 - Priority 1 2 - Priority 2 3 - Priority 3 4 - Priority 4 5 - Priority 5
1 For NatureMap's purposes, species flagged as endemic are those whose records are wholely contained within the search area. Note that only those records complying with the search criterion are included in the calculation. For example, if you limit records to those from a specific datasource, only records from that datasource are used to determine if a species is restricted to the query area.
NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.
Page 3 Appendix B – Migratory Species Likelihood of Occurrence Assessment
GHD | Report for Kimberley Technology Solutions Pty Ltd - Cockatoo Island Multi-User Supply Base, 6135178 | 50 Migratory Species Likelihood of Occurrence Assessment
Common Species names Description and habitat Likelihood name Marine Birds Common Anous stolidus During the breeding season, the Common Noddy Unlikely – no Noddy usually occurs on or near islands, on rocky islets and suitable habitat stacks with precipitous cliffs, or on shoals or cays of within the coral or sand. When not at the nest, individuals will Proposal area remain close to the nest, foraging in the surrounding waters. Birds may nest in bushes, saltbush, or other low vegetation (DSEWPaC 2012b). Fork-tailed Apus pacificus The Fork-tailed Swift is common in coastal and sub Unlikely – species Swift coastal areas between Carnarvon and Augusta almost exclusively including near and on offshore islands. There are aerial and unlikely scattered records along the south coast from to rely on the Denmark east to Cocklebiddy on the Great Australian habitat within Bight, and sparsely scattered records inland. They are Proposal area found across a range of habitats, from inland open plains to wooded areas. They are most often observed over inland plains in Australia, but sometimes recorded over coastal cliffs and beaches as well as urban areas. They have been recorded well out to sea as well as from offshore islands especially when on passage from Indonesia. This species is almost exclusively aerial (DotE 2015). Lesser Fregata ariel The Lesser Frigatebird is usually seen in tropical or Known – recorded Frigatebird warmer waters around the coast of north Western during field Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and surveys flying in northern New South Wales. It remains further out to open water sea during the day and in inshore waters during rough around the island. weather or in the late evening. Within the North-west Species unlikely Marine Region the lesser frigatebird is known to breed to rely on habitats on Adele, Bedout and West Lacapede islands, in Proposal area Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island (DSEWPaC 2012b). Great Fregata minor The Great Frigatebird is a widespread and breeds on Unlikely – No core Frigatebird numerous tropical islands (Nelson 2005). Within the habitat within the North-west Marine Region it breeds in small numbers Proposal area on Ashmore Reef. This species is pelagic although breeding birds probably forage within 100–200 km of the colony during the early stages of the breeding season (Nelson 2005). The diet consists mainly of flying fish with some cephalopods (Marchant and Higgins 1990). Red-footed Sula sula Within the North-west Marine Region the Red-footed Unlikely – No core Booby Booby breeds on Ashmore and Cartier islands. This habitat within the species is pelagic and often encountered far from land Proposal area (Nelson 2005). The red-footed booby is dependent for feeding on areas of high productivity that are often associated with underwater slopes adjacent to breeding islands (Marchant and Higgins 1990). Terrestrial/Wetland Birds Red- Cecropis daurica The Red-rumped Swallow is widespread across the Unlikely – no rumped Northern Hemisphere where it breeds. Records in suitable habitat Swallow Australia are of non-breeding migrants (December - within the February) and the species predominately forages Proposal area over wetlands and open well-watered grasslands (DotE 2015). Common Species names Description and habitat Likelihood name Oriental Cuculus optatus The Oriental Cuckoo is a regular migrant to Australia, Unlikely – No core Cuckoo where it spends the non-breeding season (Sept- May) habitat within the in coastal regions across northern and eastern Proposal area Australia as well as offshore islands. Non-breeding habitat includes monsoonal rainforest, vine thickets, wet sclerophyll forest or open Casuarina, Acacia or Eucalyptus woodlands. Frequently at edges or ecotones between habitat types. Riparian forest is favoured habitat in the Kimberley region (DotE 2015). Barn Hirundo rustica Barn Swallows are a cosmopolitan species, breeding Unlikely – Swallow throughout most of the northern hemisphere. Small Species unlikely numbers are regular non-breeding migrants to to rely on habitats northern Australia, with vagrants further south. In in Proposal area tropical northern Australia, the Barn Swallows arrive Sept-October but the first southern records tend to be in November. Departure from the south is around March and in April from northern Australia. The species occurs in the air above open vegetated areas including native and agricultural grasslands as well as over open water areas (DotE 2015). Grey Motacilla cinerea The Grey Wagtail is a scarce but regular visitor to Unlikely – Wagtail northern Australia, generally arriving during the last Species unlikely 10 days of October and departing around March. The to rely on habitats species has a strong association with water, in Proposal area particularly rocky substrates along water courses but also lakes and marshes (DotE 2015). Yellow Motacilla flava The Yellow Wagtail is a regular wet season visitor to Unlikely – Wagtail northern Australia. Habitat requirements for the Species unlikely Yellow Wagtail are highly variable, but typically to rely on habitats include open grassy flats near water and the fringes in Proposal area of wetlands. Roosts in mangroves and other dense vegetation (DotE 2015). Oriental Acrocephalus The Oriental Reed-warbler is a small insectivore, Unlikely – no Reed- orientalis found in aquatic vegetation along waterways and suitable habitat Warbler waterbodies. The species is a wet-season (October – within the March) migrant to northern Australia, and whilst rare, Proposal area it is probably a regular visitor. Non-breeding habitat includes emergent aquatic vegetation along waterways and water bodies (DotE 2015). Curlew Calidris Curlew Sandpipers mainly occur on intertidal mudflats Unlikely – no Sandpiper ferruginea in sheltered coastal areas, such as estuaries, bays, suitable inlets and lagoons, and also around non-tidal foraging/roosting swamps, lakes and lagoons near the coast, and habitat within the ponds in saltworks and sewage farms. They are also Proposal area recorded inland, though less often, including around ephemeral and permanent lakes, dams, waterholes and bore drains, usually with bare edges of mud or sand. They occur in both fresh and brackish waters. Occasionally they are recorded around floodwaters. Common Species names Description and habitat Likelihood name Eastern Numenius The Eastern Curlew is a large non-breeding migratory Unlikely – no Curlew madagascariensis shorebird, found commonly along the north coast of suitable Western Australia, but rarely south of Shark Bay. The foraging/roosting species is found along the coastline from Barrow habitat within the Island and Dampier Archipelago, through the Proposal area Kimberley in WA to the NT. It is found in estuaries, bays, harbours, inlets and coastal lagoons, saltworks and sewerage farms, areas (e.g. intertidal mudflats or sandflats fringed by mangroves) often with beds of seagrass and occasionally on ocean beaches, coral reefs, rock platforms and rocky islets. The Eastern Curlew forages on soft, sheltered, intertidal sand or mudflats, often near mangroves, on saltflats, saltmarshes, rockpools, coastal reefs and ocean beaches near the tideline. The species roosts in large flocks, separate from other waders on sandy spits and islets, dry beach sand near the high-water mark, among coastal vegetation (including low saltmarsh and mangroves) and occasionally on reef-flats, in the shallow water of lagoons, near-coastal wetlands, in trees and posts (Morcombe 2004). Osprey Pandion cristatus Ospreys occur in littoral and coastal habitats and Known – recorded terrestrial wetlands of tropical and temperate Australia during field and offshore islands. They are mostly found in coastal surveys utilising areas but occasionally travel inland along major coastal area of rivers, particularly in northern Australia. They require the island. extensive areas of open fresh, brackish or saline water for foraging (Marchant and Higgins 1993). They frequent a variety of wetland habitats including inshore waters, reefs, bays, coastal cliffs, beaches, estuaries, mangrove swamps, broad rivers, reservoirs and large lakes and waterholes. They exhibit a preference for coastal cliffs and elevated islands in some parts of their range, but may also occur on low sandy, muddy or rocky shores and over coral cays (DotE 2015). Mammals Bryde’s Balaenoptera Byrde’s Whales are the second smallest of the baleen Unlikely Whale edeni whales. They inhabit tropical and warm temperate waters and generally travel alone or in pairs. This species appears to be limited to the 200 m depth contour, moving along the coast in response to the availability of suitable prey, while the offshore form is found in deeper waters (500 to 1,000 m) (Best 1977). Dugong Dugong dugon North-western Australia is thought to have one of the Unlikely largest populations of Dugongs in the world and are largely sighted feeding in wide and shallow seagrass beds but also in estuarine streams and streams (DSEWPaC 2012d). Regional sightings pooled from 1996 to 2008 show some sightings around Cockatoo and Irvine Island but notably less than that around the Dampier Peninsular, Derby and around the Walcott Inlet (Holley and Prince 2011). Irrawaddy Orcaella Redescription and genetic research has shown the Likely Dolphin brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin to be renamed the Australian Snubfin Dolphin. This dolphin is primarily found in nearshore habitats, but has been recorded up to 23 km offshore. Beagle Bay and Pender Bay are important areas for the Australian Snubfin dolphin (DotEE 2016) Common Species names Description and habitat Likelihood name Indo-Pacific Sousa chinensis The Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin is primarily found Likely Humpback in nearshore habitats, such as those associated with Dolphin the Buccaneer Archipelago (DotEE 2016). Indo- Pacific Humpback Dolphins typically occur in open waters around coasts and islands, generally in less than 20 m water depth (Parra et al. 2002). Spotted Tursiops aduncus The Spotted Bottlenose Dolphin/Indian Ocean Likely Bottlenose Bottlenose Dolphin is widely distributed in Indo-Pacific Dolphin / coastal waters, however there is limited information Indian on the distribution and numbers of the Arafura/Timor Ocean sea population. The Spotted /Indian Ocean Bottlenose Bottlenose Dolphin has a discontinuous distribution in Dolphin the warm temperate to tropical Indo-Pacific, from South Africa in the west, along the rim of the Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Indo- Malay Archipelago as far east as the Solomon Islands and possibly New Caledonia) to the southern half of Japan and southeast Australia in the east (Wells and Scott 2002). These Dolphins generally occur in shallow coastal waters on the continental shelf or around oceanic islands. Reptiles Saltwater Crocodylus Saltwater Crocodiles are known to inhabit marine, Unlikely Crocodile porosus coastal and riverine habitats from Port Hedland to Townsville (Department of Conservation and Land Management 2004). Anecdotal observations from Cockatoo Island confirm that Saltwater Crocodiles occur infrequently near the Proposal area and the species was recorded during the Aprasia Wildlife fauna survey of the island in 2009 (Aprasia Wildlife 2009). Fish Reef Manta Manta alfredi Reef Manta Rays commonly occur throughout the Likely Ray majority of Australian coastlines (DotE 2016b). Known on Australian waters from about Perth, Western Australia, around the tropical north to the Solitary Islands, New South Wales. Often seen inshore around coral and rocky reefs in tropical and subtropical waters. Manta Rays also occur around offshore reefs and seamounts. Individuals undertake seasonal migrations and aggregate at certain sites, presumably during times of high seasonal plankton productivity (Bray, 2017) Giant Manta birostris Giant Manta Rays commonly occur throughout the Likely Manta Ray majority of Australian coastlines (DotE 2016b). The Giant Manta Ray has a widespread distribution in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. In the Southern Hemisphere, it occurs as far south as Peru, Uruguay, South Africa, and New Zealand. It is an ocean-going species and spends most of its life far from land, travelling with the currents and migrating to areas where upwellings of nutrient-rich water increase the availability of zooplankton. The Giant Manta Ray is often in association with offshore oceanic islands (Marshall et al. 2011). Killer Orcinus orca Killer Whales are thought to be the most cosmopolitan Unlikely Whale, of all cetaceans in Australasian waters and have been Orca sighted along the Kimberley coast (Kimberley Society 2010). Appendix C – Significant Impact Assessment for the Ghost Bat and Masked Owl (northern) Significant Impact Criteria for Ghost Bat
Significant Impact Criteria Impact Outcome An action is likely to have a significant impact on a vulnerable species if there is a real chance or possibility that it will: Lead to a long-term Unlikely decrease in the size of an There are approximately 44 records of the Ghost Bat held in the NatureMap important population database within the Mitchell IBRA subregion (DPaW 2007). These records indicate that the species is sparsely distributed throughout the subregion. The species current range is discontinuous, with geographically disjunct colonies in the Pilbara, Northern Territory, Gulf of Carpentaria, Cape York to Rockhampton and Western Queensland (TTSC 2016a). The Kimberley population is genetically distinct from all other populations (McKenzie and Bullen 2012; Worthington Wilmer 1996), with recent studies indicating the distinctness of the Pilbara and Kimberley subpopulations. The Kimberley colonies contain approximately two-thirds of Western Australia’s Ghost Bat population, and are likely to be relatively stable as little mining or habitat destruction occurs in the region (TTSC 2016a). The estimated current population size of the species in the Kimberley is 3,000-4,000 individuals (McKenzie and Hall, 2008). During McKenzie and Bullen’s (2012) survey of the Kimberley islands from King Sound in the south-west to Cambridge Gulf on its eastern edge, they noted the Ghost Bat appeared to be widespread and common. The species was observed on five islands and detected via calls on six others; including Angustus, Sir Graham Moore, Storr, Boongaree, Coronation, Koolan, Kingfisher, St Andrew and NW Molema islands. The Proposal is associated with the loss of 34.23 ha of potential foraging/hunting habitat for the Ghost Bat, and it is likely the species would utilise this habitat opportunistically. There are no known roosts or maternity caves on Cockatoo Island; and the one known cave at the western end of the island is unlikely to provide suitable roosting habitat for the species. It is unknown if this cave is affected by the tidal movements (i.e. partially or completely fills with water) and/or is utilised by any bat species (GHD 2017a). The cave occurs outside the area proposed for development and potential impacts to the cave will be limited to blasting activities during construction. Management measures will be in place during high impact activities, to minimise noise and vibration impacts (i.e. limiting blasting in close proximity to the cave). It is unlikely that the loss of potential foraging/hunting habitat or potential impacts to the cave would be considered substantial to the Kimberley population of the Ghost Bat. It is unlikely that the Proposal will lead to the long-term decrease in the size of the Kimberley population of the Ghost Bat. Reduce the area of Unlikely occupancy of an important population The Proposal is unlikely to substantially reduce the area of occupancy of a population of Ghost Bats within the local area or region. The Proposal may reduce the overall area of suitable foraging/hunting woodland habitat for the species (34.23 ha), as a result of direct loss of habitat from clearing. There is also a low risk of minor impacts to a small area of potential roosting habitat (although the validity of this habitat is yet to be confirmed). It is unknown whether this cave is utilised by or provides suitable habitat for any bat species, and the Proposal is unlikely to result in direct impacts on the cave. McKenzie and Bullen’s (2012) note that “loss of complexity in riparian vegetation, reduced permanence of pools, loss of mangrove stands and loss of suitable cave roosts, are all likely to reduce occupancy”’ of bat species in islands in the Kimberley. The Proposal will not result in a loss of any such vegetation on Cockatoo Island. The removal of this foraging/hunting habitat is not considered to be significant the Ghost Bat, due to the availability of potential habitat in proximity to the Proposal and the wider Kimberley region and small extent of removal compared to the extent of available habitat throughout the species range. Fragment an existing Unlikely important population into two or more populations The Proposal is unlikely to fragment the population into two or more populations. The Ghost Bat is a highly mobile species and able to traverse the small distances between the islands in the Buccaneer Archipelago for foraging. Foraging bats search for prey from vantage points in trees before making short flights to capture prey; and foraging areas have been found to be centred, on average, 1.9 km from the daytime roost (Tidemann et al. 1985). The conservation advice for the species states: “to persist in an area, small colonies require a group of caves/shelters that provide alternative day and night roost sites, and a gully or gorge system that opens onto a plain or riparian line that provides good foraging opportunities, typically less than 5 km from the diurnal roost site” (pg. 5, TTSC 2016a). Cockatoo Island is located in close proximity from both Koolan and Irvine Islands (approximately 5 km) and the mainland (approximately 6 km), and is therefore in proximity to other areas which may provide roosting habitat. The species has previously been recorded on Koolan Island (McKenzie and Bullen 2012), however no roosting or maternity caves are known to occur (Mount Gibson Iron 2012). Clearing of 34.23 ha of suitable habitat for the species is therefore unlikely to create a substantial gap in the connectivity of habitat in the local area, and it is unlikely that the removal of vegetation within the development footprint will fragment the population into two or more populations. Adversely affect habitat Unlikely critical to the survival of a The Project activities are associated with the loss of 34.23 ha of potential species foraging/hunting woodland habitat. No known core habitat (e.g. caves for breeding or roosting) for the Ghost Bat was recorded in the survey area. This habitat is not listed on the Register of Critical Habitat maintained by the minister under the EPBC Act (DotE 2013, pp10). The Proposal is unlikely to affect habitat critical to the survival of the Ghost Bat. Disrupt the breeding cycle Unlikely of an important population Ghost Bats mate during July and August. Gestation takes three months with a single young being born between September and November each year. Females form maternity colonies separate from males while the young are being weaned, and maternity colonies may contain numerous individuals. Ghost bats move between a number of caves seasonally or as dictated by weather conditions, and require a range of cave sites (Hutson et al. 2001). Most breeding sites appear to require multiple entranced caves (McKenzie and Hall 2008). There are no known roosts or maternity caves on Cockatoo Island; and the one known cave at the western end of the island is unlikely to provide suitable roosting habitat for the species. It is unknown if this cave is affected by the tidal movements (i.e. partially or completely fills with water) and/or is utilised by any bat species (GHD 2017a). As such, it is unlikely that the breeding cycle will be disrupted for any individual of the local population. Modify, destroy, remove or Unlikely isolate or decrease the availability or quality of The works associated with the Proposal may modify and destroy a proportion of habitat to the extent that foraging/hunting woodland habitat for the Ghost Bat, but not to the point that the the species is likely to species would decline. decline Result in invasive species Unlikely that are harmful to an The Proposal is unlikely to result in the establishment of an invasive species, endangered species however the Proposal may potentially exacerbate existing invasive species (e.g. becoming established in weeds) that already occur on Cockatoo Island during the construction phase, the vulnerable species’ when waste and human activity will be more intensive. habitat Introduce disease that may Unlikely cause the species to The Proposal is unlikely to introduce a disease that may cause this species to decline decline. There are no known diseases that may be introduced to the area that may cause the Ghost Bat Kimberley population to decline. Interfere with the recovery Unlikely of the species. The Project is unlikely to interfere substantially with the recovery of the Ghost Bat. It is unlikely to substantially interfere with the regional and local priority actions listed in the Conservation Advice Statement for the species (TSSC 2016a). Legend - For the purpose of this assessment: ‘population of a species’ is defined under the EPBC Act as an occurrence of the species in a particular area. In relation to an vulnerable species, an ‘important population’ is a population that is necessary for a species’ long term survival and recovery, and may include populations identified as such in recovery plans, and/or that are: key source populations either for breeding or dispersal populations that are necessary for maintaining genetic diversity, and/or populations that are near the limit of the species range. (DotE 2013) ‘invasive species; is an introduced species, including an introduced (translocated) native species, which out- competes native species for space and resources or which is a predator of native species. Introducing an invasive species into an area may result in that species becoming established. An invasive species may harm listed threatened species or ecological communities by direct competition, modification of habitat or predation (DotE 2013). ‘Habitat critical to the survival of a species or ecological community’ refers to areas that are necessary: for activities such as foraging, breeding, roosting, or dispersal for the long-term maintenance of the species or ecological community (including the maintenance of species essential to the survival of the species or ecological community, such as pollinators) to maintain genetic diversity and long term evolutionary development, or for the reintroduction of populations or recovery of the species or ecological community. Such habitat may be, but is not limited to: habitat identified in a recovery plan for the species or ecological community as habitat critical for that species or ecological community; and/or habitat listed on the Register of Critical Habitat maintained by the minister under the EPBC Act (DotE 2013). Significant Impact Criteria for the Masked Owl (northern sub-species)
Significant Impact Criteria Impact Outcome
An action is likely to have a significant impact on a vulnerable species if there is a real chance or possibility that it will: Lead to a long-term Unlikely decrease in the size of an The northern sub-species of the Masked Owl has previously been recorded important population adjacent to the Proposal area on Cockatoo Island and there is suitable foraging habitat and limited potential breeding habitat present. The distribution of the Masked Owl (northern) is very poorly known, and three sub- populations have been suggested, the Kimberley, Northern Territory and Cape York (Garnett et al. 2011). There are very few (approximately five) records of the northern sub-species of the Masked Owl in the Kimberley region, between Yampi Sound in the north-east to Cambridge Gulf, including Windjana Gorge and Augustus Island (DPaW 2007). There are also historical records form near Broom (Crossman 1910). Foraging habitat The Proposal activities are likely to result in the removal of 34.23 ha of suitable foraging habitat for the species, of which 18.43 ha is in degraded to degraded/ completely degraded condition. The remainder of the island contains suitable foraging habitat for the species. Breeding habitat The Proposal activities are likely to result in the loss of 34.23 ha of potential breeding habitat from Cockatoo Island. During the most recent field survey in December 2016 the woodland vegetation throughout the Proposal area had recently been burnt, reducing its current value in providing breeding resources for the Masked Owl. During the field survey a total of nine trees were recorded with hollows large enough to potentially be utilised by the species for breeding. Four of these trees occur within the Proposal area. A review of aerial photography of Cockatoo Island and other surrounding islands (e.g. Koolan, Bathurst and Irvine Islands) suggests that the extent of potential habitat for the species is likely to be well-represented in the local area. In addition, one Beard (1977) vegetation association (association 8001) mapped within the Proposal area partially aligns with the Masked Owl habitat (woodland) recorded during the survey. The extents of the vegetation associations have been determined by the State-wide vegetation remaining extent calculations maintained by the DPaW (Current as of June 2015 (latest update May 2016) – GoWA 2015). The current extents of vegetation associations remaining are greater than 85 % of the pre-European extent at all scales (e.g. State, IBRA Bioregion, IBRA Sub-region and LGA) (GHD 2017a). It is difficult to estimate the extent the types of suitable habitat within the vegetation associations (e.g. the extent breeding habitat) however it is reasonable to assume that the extent of similar potentially suitable habitats within the locality is probably well represented. It is unlikely that the loss of habitat from the Proposal area is substantial to the Masked Owl. It is unlikely that the Proposal will lead to the long-term decrease in the size of an important population of the northern sub-species of the Masked Owl. Reduce the area of Unlikely occupancy of an The Proposal is unlikely to substantially reduce the area of occupancy of a important population population of Masked Owls within the local area or region. The Proposal may reduce the overall area of potentially suitable habitat for Masked Owl (34.23 ha) as a result of direct loss of habitat from clearing. The removal of this habitat (including foraging and low value potential breeding habitat) is not considered to be significant the Masked Owl, due to the availability of potential habitat in proximity to the Proposal and the wider Kimberley region and small extent of removal compared to the extent of available habitat throughout the species range. Fragment an existing Unlikely important population into The Proposal is unlikely to fragment the population into two or more populations. two or more populations The Masked Owl (northern) is sedentary, territorial and usually seen singly but occasionally in pairs or family groups (TTSC 2015). The Masked Owl is a mobile species and likely to traverse small distances between the islands in the Buccaneer Archipelago. Clearing of the 34.23 ha of suitable habitat for the species is therefore unlikely to create a substantial gap in the connectivity of habitat in the local area, and it is unlikely that the removal of vegetation within the development footprint will fragment the population into two or more populations. Adversely affect habitat Unlikely critical to the survival of a The habitat located within the Proposal area is likely to support foraging and species currently provides low value potential breeding habitat for the species. The Proposal activities are likely to result in the removal of 34.23 ha of suitable foraging and low value breeding habitat for the species, of which 18.43 ha is in degraded to completely degraded condition. This habitat is not listed on the Register of Critical Habitat maintained by the minister under the EPBC Act (DotE 2013, pp10). The Proposal is unlikely to affect habitat critical to the survival of the Masked Owl (northern). Disrupt the breeding Unlikely cycle of an important The works associated with the Proposal are unlikely to disrupt the breeding cycle of population the population of Masked Owls (northern sub-species) in the Kimberley region given that there was no current or historical evidence of breeding recorded during previous field surveys. In addition, the vegetation within the Proposal area currently provides low value habitat for breeding resources with the recent fire resulting in reduced availability of hollows. As such, it is unlikely that the breeding cycle will be disrupted for any individual of the local population. Modify, destroy, remove Unlikely or isolate or decrease the The works associated with the Proposal may modify and destroy a proportion of availability or quality of foraging habitat and low value breeding habitat for the Masked Owl (northern), but habitat to the extent that not to the point that the species would decline. the species is likely to decline Result in invasive Unlikely species that are harmful The Proposal may potentially exacerbate existing invasive species (such as weeds) to an endangered that already occur within the Proposal area, and may also result in the species becoming establishment of an invasive weed species. However, these weed species are established in the unlikely to be harmful to Masked Owl (northern) individuals. vulnerable species’ habitat The Proposal is unlikely to result in an invasive species becoming established in the development footprint to the extent that Masked Owls (northern) are substantially impacted. Introduce disease that Unlikely may cause the species to The Proposal is unlikely to introduce a disease that may cause this species to decline decline. There are no known diseases that may be introduced to the area that may cause the Masked Owl (northern) population to decline. Interfere with the The Proposal is unlikely to interfere substantially with the recovery of Masked Owl recovery of the species. (northern) as it is unlikely to interfere with the recovery actions outlined on the species profile in the DotEE (2017b), including: Establish and operate a recovery team or regular forum or alliance to assist in the coordination of management actions Examine the impacts of land clearing, particularly in the Darwin-Daly River region, and the response to historic clearing in north-eastern Queensland, and use the resulting knowledge to generate guidelines to protect habitat in landscapes subject to increasingly intensive development Develop a monitoring program to provide effective and accurate measures of trends in status Assess the population size, distribution and habitat requirements Assess trends in response to management interventions Assess causes for decline, i.e. small mammal decline Maintain and enhance the suitability of habitat through fire management Minimise the impacts of current and proposed land clearing activities Minimise the impacts caused by the spread of exotic pasture plants Legend - For the purpose of this assessment: ‘population of a species’ is defined under the EPBC Act as an occurrence of the species in a particular area. In relation to an vulnerable species, an ‘important population’ is a population that is necessary for a species’ long term survival and recovery, and may include populations identified as such in recovery plans, and/or that are: key source populations either for breeding or dispersal populations that are necessary for maintaining genetic diversity, and/or populations that are near the limit of the species range. (DotE 2013) ‘invasive species; is an introduced species, including an introduced (translocated) native species, which out- competes native species for space and resources or which is a predator of native species. Introducing an invasive species into an area may result in that species becoming established. An invasive species may harm listed threatened species or ecological communities by direct competition, modification of habitat or predation (DotE 2013). ‘Habitat critical to the survival of a species or ecological community’ refers to areas that are necessary: for activities such as foraging, breeding, roosting, or dispersal for the long-term maintenance of the species or ecological community (including the maintenance of species essential to the survival of the species or ecological community, such as pollinators) to maintain genetic diversity and long term evolutionary development, or for the reintroduction of populations or recovery of the species or ecological community. Such habitat may be, but is not limited to, habitat identified in a recovery plan for the species or ecological community as habitat critical for that species or ecological community; and/or habitat listed on the Register of Critical Habitat maintained by the minister under the EPBC Act (DotE 2013). Appendix D – Technical Study - Marine Flora and Fauna
Appended separately Appendix E – Technical Study - Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Appended separately GHD Level 10 999 Hay Street T: 61 8 6222 8222 F: 61 8 6222 8555 E: [email protected]
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