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Ecology and management of the northern quoll Dasyurus hallucatus in the Pilbara Progress Report Judy Dunlop, Annette Cook and Julia Lees September 2013 Series name Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: (08) 9219 9000 Fax: (08) 9334 0498 www.dpaw.wa.gov.au © Department of Parks and Wildlife on behalf of the State of Western Australia 2013 December 2013 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Department of Parks and Wildlife. This report was prepared by Judy Dunlop and Julia Lees. Questions regarding the use of this material should be directed to: Judy Dunlop Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: 08 9405 5104 The recommended reference for this publication is: Department of Parks and Wildlife, 2013, Ecology and management of the northern quoll Dasyurus hallucatus in the Pilbara, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth. ii Department of Parks and Wildlife Title Contents Summary ......................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7 2 Key Achievements ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Undertake literature review ................................................................................. 8 2.2 Develop a Pilbara wide survey and monitoring program ..................................... 8 2.2.1 Monitoring Procedures............................................................................. 8 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 8 Monitoring parameters ................................................................................................. 9 Monitoring Protocols .................................................................................................... 9 Data collection ........................................................................................................... 10 Habitat monitoring and modelling .............................................................................. 10 2.3 Undertake quoll survey and landholder consultation ......................................... 10 2.3.1 Camera Trapping Procedures ............................................................... 11 2.4 Implement Pilbara wide monitoring program ..................................................... 12 2.5 Undertake ecological and demographic study of quolls in the Pilbara .............. 14 2.5.1 BHPBIO project 2011-2013; response of northern quoll to mining disturbance ....................................................................................................... 14 Methods ..................................................................................................................... 14 Results ....................................................................................................................... 16 Trapping ............................................................................................................ 16 VHF radio tracking surveys ............................................................................... 16 Motion Sensing Cameras .................................................................................. 17 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 18 2.5.2 Pilbara Northern Quoll Project Collaborative/future works ..................... 19 2.6 Project outputs .................................................................................................. 20 Appendices ................................................................................................................... 21 References .................................................................................................................... 57 Department of Parks and Wildlife ` iii Series name Appendices Appendix 1: Northern Quoll Project performance tracking as at September 2013 ........ 21 Appendix 2: Habitat Assessment Sheet ........................................................................ 22 Appendix 3: Presence/absence data from pastoralist observations and camera trapping ..................................................................................................................... 24 Appendix 4: Murdoch University Genetic Analysis ........................................................ 30 Figures Figure 1. Long-term survey sites for Pilbara-wide northern quoll monitoring ................. 13 Figure 2. Regional location of paired monitoring sites ................................................... 15 iv Department of Parks and Wildlife Project title Summary The Department of Parks and Wildlife’s (formerly Department of Environment and Conservation - DEC) Pilbara Regional Northern Quoll Monitoring Program has been developed to improve our understanding of the distribution, ecology, population trends and demographics of the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. A priority of the program is to provide baseline data to environmental regulators and resource development companies to inform appropriate management ensuring the persistence of this threatened species in the region. This document reviews progress on five major tasks set out in the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC) Project Plan. Department of Parks and Wildlife v Project title 1 Introduction Little is known about the ecology and biology of northern quolls in the Pilbara region of WA. Most information on the species comes from studies on the populations throughout the Kimberley, the Northern Territory and Queensland that are genetically distinct from the Pilbara population. Although many surveys are conducted for the mining industry and other developers to detect the presence/absence of quolls in the Pilbara, these studies do not address the gaps in our knowledge of the ecology of northern quoll populations and at present distribution data are not freely available. In view of the current rapid development of the mining industry in the Pilbara, the need for a regional monitoring project and ecological study of the northern quoll was identified during workshops conducted by Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC) in 2010. One of the outcomes of this workshop was the Project Plan (SEWPaC 2010). The Department of Parks and Wildlife have been working towards five major tasks based on the SEWPaC Project Plan (see Appendix 1); 1. Undertake Literature review 2. Develop a Pilbara wide survey and monitoring program 3. Undertake quoll survey and landholder consultation 4. Implement Pilbara wide monitoring program 5. Undertake ecological and demographic study of quolls in the Pilbara This document reviews progress on these tasks as at October 2013. Department of Parks and Wildlife ` 7 Series name 2 Key Achievements 2.1 Undertake literature review A literature review was completed in October 2011 (Cook, 2010b) providing information from more than 200 unpublished reports with reference to the northern quoll. It is available online within the Naturemap website, under Pilbara northern quoll: http://naturemap.dpaw.wa.gov.au/ - Themes - Pilbara Threatened Fauna. 2.2 Develop a Pilbara wide survey and monitoring program Ten sites have been identified for annual monitoring of population trends of northern quolls (see 3.3 Implement Pilbara wide monitoring program). Information on their ecology and biology will also be obtained across the spread of suitable rocky habitats of the Pilbara bioregion, from Mardie in the west, to Yarrie in the east, and as far south as Karijini National Park and the south eastern extent of the Chichester Ranges. Where possible, these sites are on conservation estate or pastoral leases not identified for mining activities. These will serve as reference sites for monitoring activities on nearby mining sites. Other sites, such as Barlee Range Nature Reserve, Karlamilyi National Park and Meentheena Conservation Park will be opportunistically surveyed to determine quoll presence but are not included as long term monitoring sites at this stage. The development of the Pilbara wide survey and monitoring program by the Department of Parks and Wildlife coincided with a three-year study of disturbed areas for BHP Billiton. Monitoring was based on the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 referral guidelines for the endangered northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus, EPBC Act policy statement 3.25 (DSEWPaC, 2011). The monitoring procedures adopted for the Disturbed Area Monitoring have acted as an assessment tool for the protocols being developed for the Pilbara wide program. In June 2013 Parks and Wildlife produced the Northern Quoll Survey and Monitoring Project, Pilbara Region of Western Australia (Department of Environment and Conservation, 2013). A Science Project Plan