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978-954-2977-83-4 Pdf Валери Стоянов VALERISTICA POLYHISTORICA SUPPLEMENTA Избрани приноси към гранични области на историята 2. MISCELLANEA На Люси (1948-2021) с обич и болка Valery Stojanow Валери Стоянов VALERISTICA POLYHISTORICA SUPPLEMENTA 2. MISCELLANEA Институт за исторически изследвания при БАН София, 2021 Valery Stojanow VALERISTICA POLYHISTORICA SUPPLEMENTA Selected Contributions to Border Studies of History Ausgewählte Beiträge zu Grenzforschungen der Geschichte 2. MISCELLANEA © Валери Стоянов, съставител и автор, 2021 © Валери Стоянов, художествено оформление, 2021 © Институт за исторически изследвания при БАН, 2021 ISBN 978-954-2977-81-0 мека подв. ISBN 978-954-2977-83-4 pdf 5 СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ Предговор 7 Vorwort 15 Eine Urkunde Maḥmūd’s II. aus dem Jahr 1241 / 1826 in der Sektionsbibliothek ‘Geschichte’ an der 25 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Zur Theorie der osmanischen Urkundenlehre. Die Sultanstitulatur (ʻunwān) nach einem strukturanaly- 41 tischen Verfahren dargestellt Zum Quellenwert der sogenannten „Namenslisten“ unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der „Defter-i 57 Voyniġān“ За ранното проникване на исляма в Югоизточна Европа 69 Ислямът при държавите-наследници на Осман- ската империя в контекста на национално-мал- цинствените проблеми и аспектите на сигурност- 109 та. Пътят на Гърция, България и Босна в търсе- нето на подходящ модел. Die Affäre „Archon“ der bulgarischen orthodoxen Kirche. Verloren im Übergang oder ein Emanzipa- 217 tionsversuch? „Архонтската афера“ на Българската православ- на църква. Изгубена в прехода или опит за еман- 253 ципация? 6 Das enge Bang zwischen Kirche und Staat in Bul- garien 287 Als Petrus zum Felsen wurde. Das Erwachen der bulgarischen Nation 297 Хърцоите на Хърс. Проблеми на етимологи- зацията и митологизацията в хуманитаристиката 315 Remembering the Changes in 1989 – a General Approach 343 Models of the State policy in regulating minority problems: A Bulgarian approach. 353 Непреходната актуалност на Петър Мутафчиев 371 Дьорд Хазай в ранните години на българската тюркология 383 Унгарски жалони в тюркологията 399 When Urania Embraces Cleio. Nonchalantly about History or Eine Einführung in die Streichholzfor- 419 schung Когато Урания прегърне Клио. Лежерно за исто- рията или Eine Einführung in die Streichholzfor- 459 schung 7 ПРЕДГОВОР Материалите от вторият том на сборника се групират около няколко основни тематични кръга – аспекти на осма- нотурската палеография и дипломатика, въпроси на балкан- ския ислям, проблеми на Българската православна църква, Varia. Оттук и неговото обозначение като Miscellanea. * * * Към първата група се отнасят три статии на немски език, публикувани през 90-те години на миналия век. От тях първата бе и най-ранната ми чуждоезична публикация. Тя предава с описание, дипломатически анализ, транскрибиран текст на арабица, превод и факсимиле един османски фер- ман от началото на ХІХ в. Български превод на този мате- риал бе обнародван впоследствие през 2010 г. и той намери място във втория том на Valeristica. Там са разкрити също препятствията, които трябваше да бъдат преодолени, за да може първоначалният текст да се изпрати по пощата отвъд „желязната завеса“. Втората статия е посветена на султанската титулатура. Тя е част от наченатите от моя страна през втората половина на 1980-те години опити за въвеждане на структурен анализ в дипломатическия формуляр на османските документи. Те намериха обобщение в третия раздел на хабилитационния ми труд,1 глави от които си позволих да представя пред по- широка читателска аудитория, превеждайки ги на немски.2 1 В. Стоянов. Дипломатика на средновековните извори. Владетелски документи. София: Издателство на Българската академия на науките, 1991, 264 с. 2 Вж. например: Die Notifikationsformeln Nišān und Sebeb-i taḥrîr in den osmanischen Herrschersurkunden. - Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 45, 2, 1986, 49-66; Die religiöse Anrufung (invocatio) in den osmanischen Urkunden. - 8 Тях издадох повторно във втория том на Valeristica, но по онова време все още не разполагах с екземпляр на тази си работа, за да бъде и тя обнародвана там. Полагащата ми се авторска бройка от сборника в памет на Felix Tauer се бе затрила някъде по пътя между Прага и София, липсваше ми и копие от машинописния текст, който изпратих някога на проф. Rudolf Veselý. Едва преди две години успях най-после да зърна заснета статията, благодарение на съдействието на младия даровит колега Константин Голев, за което сърдеч- но благодаря. Наложи ми се да набирам наново целия текст, за да може работата да бъде поместена тук. Последният материал в тази група е стъпил върху едно по-обширно изследване на османотурските документални извори за „специалните“ категории население, чийто текст на български бе публикуван и във втория том на Valeristica. Намерих за полезно да подработя частта му за войнушките регистри в немски вариант, който предложих за юбилейния сборник в чест на моя „Doktorvater“, проф. György Hazai. Поместените накрая примери от графични образци бях ня- кога внимателно прерисувал, защото през 1980-те години не разполагахме с днешните копирни възможности за възпро- извеждане. Те визуализират отбелязаното в текста развитие при регистрирането на най-малките структурни войнушки единици (гьондер). * * * Във втората проблемна група са две работи, засягащи въпроси за „балканския ислям“. Тази тема ме е вълнувала още по времето, когато се бях ангажирал преимуществено с османотурската палеография и дипломатика. Една от моите по-ранни публикации след приключване на аспирантурата Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 54, 4, 2001, 537-546 (= Festschrift für Lajos Fekete, hrsg. von A. Róna-Tas). 9 и завръщането ми в България, където вече течеше процесът на масова асимилация на турците, бе за прозвището „Абдул- лах“ в османотурските документи (1986), както са били ре- гистрирани първите мюсюлмански конвертити. При ней- ната подготовка се запознах с аргументите на двете контро- верзни тези („колонизационна“ и „ислямизационна“) за про- изхода на мюсюлманското население в страната, които вза- имно се изключваха. Опитът ми за критичен подход и ба- лансирано дистанциране от двете идеологизирани край- ности резултира в изследвания върху турското и мюсюл- манско малцинство, намерили синтеза си в една моно- графия като страничен продукт на дотогавашните ми науч- ни дирения.3 А това неминуемо ме доведе до темата за евро- пейския и в частност – балканския ислям. Въпросът за неговото проникване и последвалите ет- нокултурни промени в региона придоби особена важност в края на миналото и началото на новото столетие, когато на фона на югославските войни бе даден ход на процеса по трансформиране на идентичността на българите мюсюлма- ни (помаците). „Теориите“ за техния произход – оспорвани според водещите национални интереси – се „обогатиха“ с екзотични хипотези, зад които прозираше един нов „ис- лямски“ прочит на миналото. Без оглед на неговия „хин- тергрунд“ – саудитски, ирански или дори пакистански. Този опит има своите местни адепти и тъкмо това ме подтикна да проуча критично основните им доводи в пропагандирането на идеята за предполагаемото по-ранно просмукване на исляма в Югоизточна Европа (2017). Един курс по „Интеграционни проблеми на мюсюл- маните в европейското общество“, наченат през 2004 г. в 3 В. Стоянов. Турското население в България между полюсите на ет- ническата политика. София: Издателство ЛИК, 1998, 251 с. 10 Института за източноевропейска история на Виенския уни- верситет прерасна след 2013 г. в цикъл от лекции по „Ис- лямски аспекти на национализма на Балканите“ към Исто- рическия факултет на Софийския университет. В тематичен план той далеч не е завършен. И може би това ме възпира още да се опитам да го оформя в самостоятелна книга. Но някои от темите все пак намериха пътя си към по-широка читателска аудитория. Сред тях е и съпоставката между положението на мюсюлманите в Гърция, България и Босна в исторически план – три различни модела за развитие на „балканския ислям“ в постосманските национални държави (2019-2020). * * * Работите, свързани по един или друг начин с Българ- ската православна църква, са повлияни от ангажиментите ми в Комисията за история на Югоизточна Европа към еку- меническата фондация Pro-Oriente (Виена). Такива бяха ма- териалите за развитието на политическата култура в Бъл- гария и за взаимоотношенията между държава и църква в българската история, които намериха място във втория том на Valeristica. Тяхно продължение е студията ми за „ар- хонтската афера“ в БПЦ, обнародвана първо на немски език в т. 6 от поредицата издания на Комисията (2014), а впослед- ствие и на български в сборника в чест на отец Петър Гарена (2016). Пак като член на Комисията бях потърсен от списание в Цюрих с молба да отразя тясната връзка между държава и църква в България. Работата бе предназначена за по-широка публика, която се интересуваше от промените в източноев- ропейските общества след рухването на комунизма (2017). По-различна е историята на публикацията ми за Отец Паисий и ролята му в пробуждането на българската нация. 11 Тя бе инспирирана от проф. Harald Heppner, новия предсе- дател на Историческата комисия към Pro-Oriente, специа- лист от университета в Грац по история на Югоизточна Ев- ропа през 18-19 в., който е и почетен доктор на Софийския университет. Не ми беше трудно да намеря мястото на Све- тогорския монах в националнообразуващите процеси на Балканите. Проблемът бе в неговата епоха, предхождаща Великата френска революция, дала тласък в развитието на представите за нацията и националната държава. Той е ва- лиден до днес, когато сме изправени пред избора, дали
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