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Валери Стоянов VALERISTICA POLYHISTORICA SUPPLEMENTA Избрани приноси към гранични области на историята 2. MISCELLANEA На Люси (1948-2021) с обич и болка Valery Stojanow Валери Стоянов VALERISTICA POLYHISTORICA SUPPLEMENTA 2. MISCELLANEA Институт за исторически изследвания при БАН София, 2021 Valery Stojanow VALERISTICA POLYHISTORICA SUPPLEMENTA Selected Contributions to Border Studies of History Ausgewählte Beiträge zu Grenzforschungen der Geschichte 2. MISCELLANEA © Валери Стоянов, съставител и автор, 2021 © Валери Стоянов, художествено оформление, 2021 © Институт за исторически изследвания при БАН, 2021 ISBN 978-954-2977-81-0 мека подв. ISBN 978-954-2977-83-4 pdf 5 СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ Предговор 7 Vorwort 15 Eine Urkunde Maḥmūd’s II. aus dem Jahr 1241 / 1826 in der Sektionsbibliothek ‘Geschichte’ an der 25 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Zur Theorie der osmanischen Urkundenlehre. Die Sultanstitulatur (ʻunwān) nach einem strukturanaly- 41 tischen Verfahren dargestellt Zum Quellenwert der sogenannten „Namenslisten“ unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der „Defter-i 57 Voyniġān“ За ранното проникване на исляма в Югоизточна Европа 69 Ислямът при държавите-наследници на Осман- ската империя в контекста на национално-мал- цинствените проблеми и аспектите на сигурност- 109 та. Пътят на Гърция, България и Босна в търсе- нето на подходящ модел. Die Affäre „Archon“ der bulgarischen orthodoxen Kirche. Verloren im Übergang oder ein Emanzipa- 217 tionsversuch? „Архонтската афера“ на Българската православ- на църква. Изгубена в прехода или опит за еман- 253 ципация? 6 Das enge Bang zwischen Kirche und Staat in Bul- garien 287 Als Petrus zum Felsen wurde. Das Erwachen der bulgarischen Nation 297 Хърцоите на Хърс. Проблеми на етимологи- зацията и митологизацията в хуманитаристиката 315 Remembering the Changes in 1989 – a General Approach 343 Models of the State policy in regulating minority problems: A Bulgarian approach. 353 Непреходната актуалност на Петър Мутафчиев 371 Дьорд Хазай в ранните години на българската тюркология 383 Унгарски жалони в тюркологията 399 When Urania Embraces Cleio. Nonchalantly about History or Eine Einführung in die Streichholzfor- 419 schung Когато Урания прегърне Клио. Лежерно за исто- рията или Eine Einführung in die Streichholzfor- 459 schung 7 ПРЕДГОВОР Материалите от вторият том на сборника се групират около няколко основни тематични кръга – аспекти на осма- нотурската палеография и дипломатика, въпроси на балкан- ския ислям, проблеми на Българската православна църква, Varia. Оттук и неговото обозначение като Miscellanea. * * * Към първата група се отнасят три статии на немски език, публикувани през 90-те години на миналия век. От тях първата бе и най-ранната ми чуждоезична публикация. Тя предава с описание, дипломатически анализ, транскрибиран текст на арабица, превод и факсимиле един османски фер- ман от началото на ХІХ в. Български превод на този мате- риал бе обнародван впоследствие през 2010 г. и той намери място във втория том на Valeristica. Там са разкрити също препятствията, които трябваше да бъдат преодолени, за да може първоначалният текст да се изпрати по пощата отвъд „желязната завеса“. Втората статия е посветена на султанската титулатура. Тя е част от наченатите от моя страна през втората половина на 1980-те години опити за въвеждане на структурен анализ в дипломатическия формуляр на османските документи. Те намериха обобщение в третия раздел на хабилитационния ми труд,1 глави от които си позволих да представя пред по- широка читателска аудитория, превеждайки ги на немски.2 1 В. Стоянов. Дипломатика на средновековните извори. Владетелски документи. София: Издателство на Българската академия на науките, 1991, 264 с. 2 Вж. например: Die Notifikationsformeln Nišān und Sebeb-i taḥrîr in den osmanischen Herrschersurkunden. - Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 45, 2, 1986, 49-66; Die religiöse Anrufung (invocatio) in den osmanischen Urkunden. - 8 Тях издадох повторно във втория том на Valeristica, но по онова време все още не разполагах с екземпляр на тази си работа, за да бъде и тя обнародвана там. Полагащата ми се авторска бройка от сборника в памет на Felix Tauer се бе затрила някъде по пътя между Прага и София, липсваше ми и копие от машинописния текст, който изпратих някога на проф. Rudolf Veselý. Едва преди две години успях най-после да зърна заснета статията, благодарение на съдействието на младия даровит колега Константин Голев, за което сърдеч- но благодаря. Наложи ми се да набирам наново целия текст, за да може работата да бъде поместена тук. Последният материал в тази група е стъпил върху едно по-обширно изследване на османотурските документални извори за „специалните“ категории население, чийто текст на български бе публикуван и във втория том на Valeristica. Намерих за полезно да подработя частта му за войнушките регистри в немски вариант, който предложих за юбилейния сборник в чест на моя „Doktorvater“, проф. György Hazai. Поместените накрая примери от графични образци бях ня- кога внимателно прерисувал, защото през 1980-те години не разполагахме с днешните копирни възможности за възпро- извеждане. Те визуализират отбелязаното в текста развитие при регистрирането на най-малките структурни войнушки единици (гьондер). * * * Във втората проблемна група са две работи, засягащи въпроси за „балканския ислям“. Тази тема ме е вълнувала още по времето, когато се бях ангажирал преимуществено с османотурската палеография и дипломатика. Една от моите по-ранни публикации след приключване на аспирантурата Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 54, 4, 2001, 537-546 (= Festschrift für Lajos Fekete, hrsg. von A. Róna-Tas). 9 и завръщането ми в България, където вече течеше процесът на масова асимилация на турците, бе за прозвището „Абдул- лах“ в османотурските документи (1986), както са били ре- гистрирани първите мюсюлмански конвертити. При ней- ната подготовка се запознах с аргументите на двете контро- верзни тези („колонизационна“ и „ислямизационна“) за про- изхода на мюсюлманското население в страната, които вза- имно се изключваха. Опитът ми за критичен подход и ба- лансирано дистанциране от двете идеологизирани край- ности резултира в изследвания върху турското и мюсюл- манско малцинство, намерили синтеза си в една моно- графия като страничен продукт на дотогавашните ми науч- ни дирения.3 А това неминуемо ме доведе до темата за евро- пейския и в частност – балканския ислям. Въпросът за неговото проникване и последвалите ет- нокултурни промени в региона придоби особена важност в края на миналото и началото на новото столетие, когато на фона на югославските войни бе даден ход на процеса по трансформиране на идентичността на българите мюсюлма- ни (помаците). „Теориите“ за техния произход – оспорвани според водещите национални интереси – се „обогатиха“ с екзотични хипотези, зад които прозираше един нов „ис- лямски“ прочит на миналото. Без оглед на неговия „хин- тергрунд“ – саудитски, ирански или дори пакистански. Този опит има своите местни адепти и тъкмо това ме подтикна да проуча критично основните им доводи в пропагандирането на идеята за предполагаемото по-ранно просмукване на исляма в Югоизточна Европа (2017). Един курс по „Интеграционни проблеми на мюсюл- маните в европейското общество“, наченат през 2004 г. в 3 В. Стоянов. Турското население в България между полюсите на ет- ническата политика. София: Издателство ЛИК, 1998, 251 с. 10 Института за източноевропейска история на Виенския уни- верситет прерасна след 2013 г. в цикъл от лекции по „Ис- лямски аспекти на национализма на Балканите“ към Исто- рическия факултет на Софийския университет. В тематичен план той далеч не е завършен. И може би това ме възпира още да се опитам да го оформя в самостоятелна книга. Но някои от темите все пак намериха пътя си към по-широка читателска аудитория. Сред тях е и съпоставката между положението на мюсюлманите в Гърция, България и Босна в исторически план – три различни модела за развитие на „балканския ислям“ в постосманските национални държави (2019-2020). * * * Работите, свързани по един или друг начин с Българ- ската православна църква, са повлияни от ангажиментите ми в Комисията за история на Югоизточна Европа към еку- меническата фондация Pro-Oriente (Виена). Такива бяха ма- териалите за развитието на политическата култура в Бъл- гария и за взаимоотношенията между държава и църква в българската история, които намериха място във втория том на Valeristica. Тяхно продължение е студията ми за „ар- хонтската афера“ в БПЦ, обнародвана първо на немски език в т. 6 от поредицата издания на Комисията (2014), а впослед- ствие и на български в сборника в чест на отец Петър Гарена (2016). Пак като член на Комисията бях потърсен от списание в Цюрих с молба да отразя тясната връзка между държава и църква в България. Работата бе предназначена за по-широка публика, която се интересуваше от промените в източноев- ропейските общества след рухването на комунизма (2017). По-различна е историята на публикацията ми за Отец Паисий и ролята му в пробуждането на българската нация. 11 Тя бе инспирирана от проф. Harald Heppner, новия предсе- дател на Историческата комисия към Pro-Oriente, специа- лист от университета в Грац по история на Югоизточна Ев- ропа през 18-19 в., който е и почетен доктор на Софийския университет. Не ми беше трудно да намеря мястото на Све- тогорския монах в националнообразуващите процеси на Балканите. Проблемът бе в неговата епоха, предхождаща Великата френска революция, дала тласък в развитието на представите за нацията и националната държава. Той е ва- лиден до днес, когато сме изправени пред избора, дали
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    TEACHING MODERN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN HISTORY Alternative Educational Materials The Second World War THE PUBLICATIONS AND TEACHER TRAINING ACTIVITIES OF THE JOINT HISTORY PROJECT HAVE BEEN MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE KIND FINANCIAL BACKING OF THE FOLLOWING: UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFFICE Norwegian People’s Aid United States Institute of Peace Swiss Development Agency DR. PETER MAHRINGER FONDS TWO ANONYMOUS DONORS THE CYPRUS FEDERATION OF AMERICA Royal Dutch Embassy in Athens WINSTON FOUNDATION FOR WORLD PEACE And with particular thanks for the continued support of: 2nd Edition in the English Language CDRSEE Rapporteur to the Board for the Joint History Project: Costa Carras Executive Director: Nenad Sebek Director of Programmes: Corinna Noack-Aetopulos CDRSEE Project Team: George Georgoudis, Biljana Meshkovska, Antonis Hadjiyannakis, Jennifer Antoniadis and Louise Kallora-Stimpson English Language Proofreader: Jenny Demetriou Graphic Designer: Anagramma Graphic Designs, Kallidromiou str., 10683, Athens, Greece Printing House: Petros Ballidis and Co., Ermou 4, Metamorfosi 14452, Athens, Greece Disclaimer: The designations employed and presentation of the material in the book do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher (CDRSEE) nor on the sponsors. This book contains the views expressed by the authors in their individual capacity and may not necessarily reflect the views of the CDRSEE and the sponsoring agencies. Print run: 1000 Copyright: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe (CDRSEE) Krispou 9, Ano Poli, 546 34 Thessaloniki, Greece Tel: +30 2310 960820-1 Fax: +30 2310 960822 email: [email protected] web: www.cdrsee.org ISBN: 978-960-88963-7-6 TEACHING MODERN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN HISTORY Alternative Educational Materials WORKBOOK 4 The Second World War Edited by KREŠIMIR ERDELJA Series editor CHRISTINA KOULOURI SECOND EDITION Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe www.cdsee.org Thessaloniki 2009 Table of Contents Introduction .
  • Copyright 2017 Veneta T. Ivanova

    Copyright 2017 Veneta T. Ivanova

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository Copyright 2017 Veneta T. Ivanova OCCULT COMMUNISM: CULTURE, SCIENCE AND SPIRITUALITY IN LATE SOCIALIST BULGARIA BY VENETA T. IVANOVA DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Maria N. Todorova, Chair Professor Diane P. Koenker Associate Professor Zsuzsa Gille Associate Professor Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi Professor Peter Fritzsche Abstract “Occult Communism” explores the unlikely infusion of state-sponsored spiritualism into the materialist ideology of Bulgarian late communism. In the 1970s, Minister of Culture Lyudmila Zhivkova initiated grandiose state programs to inject the “occult” into Bulgaria’s national culture, art, science and even political philosophy. Inspired by her Eastern religious beliefs, she sought to ‘breed’ a nation of “all-round and harmoniously developed individuals,” devoted to spiritual self-perfection, who would ultimately “work, live and create according to the laws of beauty.” My project focuses on how Zhivkova translated her religio-philosophical worldview into state policies. I examine three realms of what I have termed “occult communism:” Zhivkova’s domestic and international cultural initiatives; occult religiosity and the mystical movement known as the White Brotherhood; and occult science as embodied by the Scientific Institute of Suggestology. I contend that as quixotic as Zhivkova’s vision was, her policies contributed to the liberalization of art and culture in a period that has long been associated exclusively with stagnation and decay.
  • East Meets West

    East Meets West

    volume 6 issue 11/2017 EAST MEETS WEST THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN BULGARIA Elza Ibroscheva1 School of Communications Webster University 470 E. Lockwood Avenue Saint Louis, MO 63119 USA [email protected] Maria Stover Washburn University 1700 SW College Ave. Topeka, KS 66621 (785) 670-1802 USA [email protected] Abstract: This study provides a glimpse into the cultural history of the popular medium of television for the period 1944-2016. Seeking a more nuanced and more evolved understanding of the role of the television in Bulgaria during socialist and in post-socialist times, this essay argues for a ‘situated’ reading of these historical developments, theorising that socialist and post-socialist television are indeed defined by disparate, yet equally influential and dynamic, cultural and political processes. From the ‘golden age’ of communist-era television, during which TV was hailed as a main force for mobilisation, education and entertainment, we will trace the ‘boom’ in commercial TV channels at the offset of the transition, with its often-questionable quality, leading to the emergence of several serious contenders on the broadcasting scene, both in terms of their financial value and in terms of their power over public opinion. Keywords: television, Bulgaria, television history, socialism, communism, post-communism 1 Introduction1 In the former communist bloc, the mass media have been recognised as a central part of the political, economic and social transformations that brought the end of the Cold War. With the end of the economic and ideological divide between the 1 Authors listed in alphabetical order. 1 E. Ibroscheva and M.
  • Daniel Ziemann: Das Erste Bulgarische Reich. Eine

    Daniel Ziemann: Das Erste Bulgarische Reich. Eine

    Online-Handbuch zur Geschichte Südosteuropas Daniel Ziemann Das Erste bulgarische Reich Eine frühmittelalterliche Großmacht zwischen Byzanz und dem Abendland aus Band 1: Herrschaft und Politik in Südosteuropa bis 1800 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Quellen 2. Sekundärliteratur 3. Bulgarische Herrschaftsbildung – 680/681 als Epochengrenze 4. Khan Tervel und Justinian II. 5. Herrschaftsstrukturen in der Frühzeit des Ersten bulgarischen Reiches 6. Das dunkle 8. Jahrhundert 7. Konsolidierung 8. Die Wende von 811 9. Die Folgen – Krum vor Konstantinopel 10. Byzantinisierung 11. Die Annahme des Christentums 12. Die Schüler Kyrills und Methods in Bulgarien 13. Das goldene Zeitalter 14. Krieg mit Byzanz 15. Die Ereignisse von 913 16. Der Friede von 927 17. Der Untergang Preslavs 18. Samuil Zitierempfehlung und Nutzungsbedingungen für diesen Artikel 2 Daniel Ziemann Das Erste bulgarische Reich 1. Quellen Die Rekonstruktion der Geschichte des Ersten bulgarischen Reiches muss sich in erster Linie auf byzantinische Quellen stützen, die die Sicht des südlichen Nachbarn wiedergeben und für byzantinisch-bulgarische Konflikte weitaus umfangreichere Informationen bieten als für Friedenszeiten. Für die ersten 120 Jahre zwischen dem Beginn des Ersten bulgarischen Reiches und dem Anfang des 9. Jahrhunderts stellen Theophánes Confessor1 und Patriarch Nikephóros2 die wichtigsten Quellen dar. Sie werden ergänzt durch Einzelinformationen aus den Miracula S. Demetrii,3 dem Suda genannten byzantinischen Lexikon,4 der armenischen Geographie des Ananias von Širak,5 der armenischen Geschichte des Movsēs Xorenac’i,6 Michael dem Syrer7 (Einwanderung der Bulgaren), den Akten des sechsten ökumenischen Konzils (Konstantinopel III)8 und dem arabischen Chronisten at-Tabarī9. Die Konflikte Anfang des 9. Jahrhunderts werden ausführlich von der „Chronik des Jah- res 811“10 und dem eventuell mit ihr im Zusammenhang stehenden sog.
  • Socialism with an Occult Face 961159Research-Article2020

    Socialism with an Occult Face 961159Research-Article2020

    EEPXXX10.1177/0888325420961159East European Politics & Societies and CulturesIvanova / Socialism with an Occult Face 961159research-article2020 East European Politics and Societies and Cultures Volume XX Number X Month 201X 1 –24 © 2020 SAGE Publications Socialism with an Occult Face: https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325420961159 journals.sagepub.com/home/eep hosted at Aesthetics, Spirituality, and Utopia in http://online.sagepub.com Late Socialist Bulgaria Veneta T. Ivanova European University Institute This article explores the unlikely infusion of state-sponsored spiritualism into the materialist ideology of Bulgarian late communism. In the 1970s, Minister of Culture and daughter of party leader Lyudmila Zhivkova initiated grandiose state programs to inject the “occult” into Bulgaria’s national culture, art, science, and even political phi- losophy. Inspired by her Eastern religious beliefs, she sought to “breed” a nation of “all-round and harmoniously developed individuals,” devoted to spiritual self-perfec- tion, who would ultimately “work, live and create according to the laws of beauty.” How are we to explain such a paradoxical lapse into state-sponsored spiritualism in a milieu dominated by materialism as a philosophy and way of life? How did Zhivkova’s occultism inform and transform Bulgarian late socialism? In pursuit of these questions, the article opens with Zhivkova’s intellectual and political trajectories, especially her spiritual formation, as I see her religiosity as the cornerstone of her cultural theory and praxis. The second part reconstructs Zhivkova’s theoretical apparatus, while the third demonstrates how it was translated into a large-scale aesthetic-spiritual utopia, which posited art, culture, aesthetics, and spirituality as a way to revamp the entire communist project.