DOCSLIB.ORG

Nitrification in Four Acidic Streams in Southern New Jersey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nitrification in Four Acidic Streams in Southern New Jersey / U.S. DEPARTMENT W COMMERCE National Technical Information Service PB-278 052 -//- Nitrification in Four Acidic Streams in Southern New Jersey Geological Survey, Trenton, N J Water Resources Div Jan 78 PB 278 052 NITRIFICATION IN FOUR ACIDIC STREAMS IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations 77-121 Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection REPRODUCED BY NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA 1. Report No. 3. Recipient's Accession No. SHEET USGS/WRD/WRI-78/016 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date NITRIFICATION IN FOUR ACIDIC STREAMS Jan 1978 IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY 7. Authors) 8. Performing Organization Rtpt< James C. Schornick, Jr. and Nell M. Ram No- USGS/WRI-77-121 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Projeet/Task/Work Unit No. U.S. Geological Survey (WRD) Rm. 420 Federal Building 11. Contract/Grant No. P.O. Box 1238 Trenton. N.J. 08607 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period U.S. Geological Survey (WRD) Covered Rm. 420 Federal Building Final P.O. Box 1238 14. Trenton. N.J.. 08607_____ IS. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Jersey, Department of Emiir onmenta 1 Protection_______ ______________________ 16. Abstract*, chemical and microbiological data from four characteristically acidic streams in southern New Jersey were used to evaluate seven factors related to the proclivity .o each stream to nitrify under the influence of secondary sewage effluent. pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen were used as indicators of stream conditions while neutralization of alkalinity, nitrogen species trends, BOD/NOD incubations, and nitri­ fying bacteria densities served as actual nitrification indicators. Hay Stack Brook showed strong evidence for nitrification on the basis of all four nitrification indica­ tors while Landing Creek was nitrifying little if at all. Hammonton Creek is apparent­ ly nitrifying, but because of the uncertainty in the downstream trends of the nitrogen species, and a lower level of alkalinity neutralization, it is nitrifying less than Hay Stack Brook. Squankum Branch showed some evidence for nitrification on the basis of the BOD/NOD incubations. The acidic character of these streams does not appear to be an exclusive factor in determining whether the stream will undergo nitrification. 17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17o. Descriptors *New Jersey, *water quality, *riitrification, pH, acidic streams, nitrogenous oxygen demand, nitrifying bacteria, chemical properties, water pollution effects, biological oxygen demand. I7b. Ideatjfi«fa/OpeiHEnd«d Terns ' ' ; "'- Hay fftack Brook, Hammonton Creek, Landing Creek, kum Branch Jc. COSATI F.eld/Group 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This No restriction on distribution Report) Prepared for NTIS by U.S. Geological Survey, 20. Security Class f' WRD *g 22. IJNCLASSIFIEP I from* NTIS.M mcv. ».7») ENDORSlP BY ANS AMD UNESCO. TT^ T«S FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED uscoWM-oe S2M-P74 NITRIFICATION IN FOUR ACIDIC STREAMS IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY By James C. Schornick, Jr. and Neil M. Ram U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations 77-121 Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director For additional information write to: U.S. Geological Survey Rm. 420 Federal Bldg. P.O. Box 1238 Trenton, N.J. 08607 CONTENTS Page Abstract........................................... 1 Introduction....................................... 1 Acknowledgments............................... 2 Background......................................... 2 Nitrification in streams and below waste-water outfalls.................................... 4 Approach........................................... 6 Sampling sites................................ 7 Results............................................ 7 pH............................................ 13 Temperature................................... 18 Alkalinity.................................... 18 Nitrogen species.............................. 20 Organic nitrogen.............................. 22 Organic carbon................................ 22 Biological oxygen demand...................... 22 Bacteriological enumeration................... 42 Summary............................................ 46 References......................................... 49 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1-4. Maps showing locations of sampling sites on................. 8 1. Hay Stack Brook............. 8 2. Hammonton Creek............. 9 3. Landing Creek............... 10 4. Squankum Branch............. 11 5. Diagram showing distances between sampling sites.................... 12 6-13. Graphs showing distribution of nitrogen species.................. 24 6. Hay Stack Brook: First sampling............ 24 7. Hay Stack Brook: Second sampling........... 25 8. Hammonton Creek: First sampling............ 26 9. Hammonton Creek: Second sampling........... 27 10. Landing Creek: First sampling............ 28 III ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued Page 11. Landing Creek: Second sampling........... 29 12. Squankum Branch: First sampling............ 30 13. Squankum Branch: Second sampling........... 31 14-20. Graphs showing oxygen consumption curves for ATU inhibited and uninhibited water samples during laboratory incubations............ 35 14. Hay Stack Brook: First sampling............ 35 15. Hay Stack Brook: Second sampling........... 36 16. Hammonton Creek: First sampling............ 37 17. Hammonton Creek: Second sampling........... 38 18. Landing Creek............... 39 19. Squankum Branch: Second sampling........... 40 20. Squankum Branch: Second sampling........... 41 21. Graph of nitrosomonas water incubation: Hay Stack Brook...... 44 22. Graph of nitrobacter water incubation: Hay Stack Brook...... 45 TABLES Table 1. Description of waste treatment plants....................... 13 2. Chemical analyses for Hay Stack Brook........................ 14 3. Chemical analyses for Hammonton Creek......................... 15 4. Chemical analyses for Landing Creek........................ 16 5. Chemical analyses for Squankum Branch....................... 17 IV TABLES--Continued Page Alkalinity neutralization attributable to nitrification..... 21 Biological analyses for Hay Stack Brook and Hamraonton Creek......... 32 Biological analyses for Landing Creek and Squankura Branch......... 33 Summary of stream conditions and properties affecting the occurrence of nitrification....... 47 V CONVERSION OF ENGLISH UNITS TO INTERNATION SYSTEM (SI) UNITS The following factors may be used to convert the English units published herein to the International System of Units Multiply English Units To Obtain SI Units Length inches (in) 2.54 centimeters (cm) feet (ft) 30.48 centimeters (cm) miles (mi) 1.609 kilometers (km) Area square miles square kilometers (mi 2 ) 2.590 Ckm 2 ) Flow cubic feet per second cubic meters per second (ftVs) .02832 Gn 3 /s) million gallons cubic meters per second per day (mgd) .04381 GuVs) VI NITRIFICATION IN FOUR ACIDIC STREAMS IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY By James C. Schornick, Jr. and Neil M. Ram ABSTRACT Four characteristically acidic streams in southern New Jersey were investigated to determine the effect of secondary sewage effluent on nitrification in the receiving waters. Chemical and microbiological data were obtained at four sites on each stream. From these data seven factors were evaluated to determine the proclivity of each stream to nitrify. pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen were used to describe the general condition of the streams, while neutralization of alkalinity, nitrogen species concentration trends, biological and nitrogenous oxygen demand incubations, and nitrifying bacteria densities were used to determine the actual presence of nitrification in each stream. Each stream had a unique distribution of conditions, making it possible to qualitatively rank the streams according to their proclivity to nitrify. Hay Stack Brook showed strong evidence for nitrification on the basis of all four nitrification indicators, whereas Landing Creek showed little, if any, evidence of nitrification. Hammonton Creek is apparently nitrifying, but because of the uncertainty in the downstream trends of the nitrogen species and a lower level of alkalinity neutralization, it is nitrifying less than Hay Stack Brook. Squankum Branch also showed some evidence for nitrification, mostly on the basis of the biological and nitrogenous oxygen demand incubations. Thus, although these streams are acidic in character, acidity does not appear to be an exclusive factor in determining whether a stream will undergo nitrification. INTRODUCTION The introduction of concentrated liquid wastes into natural waters can have a significant deoxygenating effect on a receiving stream. Secondary waste-water treatment plants have been designed to decrease the amount of oxidizable carbonaceous 1 material discharged into receiving streams so as to minimize their effect on the dissolved-oxygen concentration of a stream. A properly designed and operated waste*water treatment plant can remove most of the oxidizable carbonaceous material, but a significant amount of biological oxygen demand (BOD) can still remain in the effluent. This second component of the waste load consists of oxidizable nitrogenous material made up of reduced forms of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Representatives of the Prokaryotic (Chapter 12) and Archaeal (Chapter 13) Domains (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
    Representatives of the Prokaryotic (Chapter 12) and Archaeal (Chapter 13) Domains (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology: Kingdom: Procaryotae (9th Edition) XIII Kingdoms p. 351-471 Sectn. Group of Bacteria Subdivisions(s) Brock Text Examples of Genera Gram Stain Morphology (plus distinguishing characteristics) Important Features Phototrophic bacteria Chromatiaceae 356 Purple sulfur bacteria Gram Anoxygenic photosynthesis Bacterial chl. a and b Purple nonsulfur bacteria; photoorganotrophic for reduced nucleotides; oxidize 12.2 Anaerobic (Chromatiun; Allochromatium) Negative Spheres, rods, spirals (S inside or outside)) H2S as electron donor for CO2 anaerobic photosynthesis for ATP Purple Sulfur Bacteria Anoxic - develop well in meromictic lakes - layers - fresh S inside the cells except for Ectothiorhodospira 354 Table 12.2 p.354 above sulfate layers - Figs. 12.4, 12.5 Major membrane structures Fig.12..3 -- light required. Purple Non-Sulfur Rhodospirillales 358 Rhodospirillum, Rhodobacter Gram Diverse morphology from rods (Rhodopseudomonas) to Anoxygenic photosynthesis Bacteria Table 12.3 p. 354, 606 Rhodopseudomonas Negative spirals Fig. 12.6 H2, H2S or S serve as H donor for reduction of CO2; 358 82-83 Photoheterotrophy - light as energy source but also directly use organics 12.3 Nitrifying Bacteria Nitrobacteraceae Nitrosomonas Gram Wide spread , Diverse (rods, cocci, spirals); Aerobic Obligate chemolithotroph (inorganic eN’ donors) 6 Chemolithotrophic (nitrifying bacteria) 361 Nitrosococcus oceani - Fig.12.7 negative ! ammonia [O] = nitrosofyers - (NH3 NO2) Note major membranes Fig. 12,7) 6 359 bacteria Inorganic electron (Table 12.4) Nitrobacterwinograskii - Fig.12.8 ! nitrite [O]; = nitrifyers ;(NO2 NO3) Soil charge changes from positive to negative donors Energy generation is small Difficult to see growth. - Use of silica gel.
    [Show full text]
  • Ammonia Removal: Biofilm Technologies for Rural and Urban Municipal Wastewater Treatment
    Ammonia removal: biofilm technologies for rural and urban municipal wastewater treatment Xin Tian A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy degree in Environment Engineering Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Ottawa © Xin Tian, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 I Abstract The new Canadian federal wastewater regulations, which restricts the release of ammonia from treated wastewaters, has resulted in upgrade initiatives at many water resource recovery facilities across the country to reduce the discharge of ammonia into our natural waters. The objective of this dissertation is therefore to investigate and optimize the performance of two attached growth technologies for rural and peri-urban/urban municipal ammonia removal. In particular, the first specific objective of this dissertation is to investigate the performance and microbial response of the BioCord technology as an upgrade system for the post-carbon removal nitrification of rural wastewaters. The second specific objective is to study the start-up of an attached growth anammox technology to enhance current knowledge pertaining to anammox biofilm attachment, growth and maturation. The results pertaining to the first specific objective of this research, a study of the design and optimization of the BioCord technology, demonstrates a recommended design rate for the post-carbon removal, nitrifying BioCord system of a surface area loading rate (SALR) of 1.6 + 2 + 2 NH4 -N/m ·d and up to 1.8 NH4 -N/m ·d with steady ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiencies greater than 90% and steady and low solids production rate up to 0.26 g TSS/d.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010.-Hungria-MLI.Pdf
    Mohammad Saghir Khan l Almas Zaidi Javed Musarrat Editors Microbes for Legume Improvement SpringerWienNewYork Editors Dr. Mohammad Saghir Khan Dr. Almas Zaidi Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology Dept. Agricultural Microbiology 202002 Aligarh 202002 Aligarh India India [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Dr. Javed Musarrat Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology 202002 Aligarh India [email protected] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. # 2010 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at Typesetting: SPI, Pondicherry, India Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12711161 With 23 (partly coloured) Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931546 ISBN 978-3-211-99752-9 e-ISBN 978-3-211-99753-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-211-99753-6 SpringerWienNewYork Preface The farmer folks around the world are facing acute problems in providing plants with required nutrients due to inadequate supply of raw materials, poor storage quality, indiscriminate uses and unaffordable hike in the costs of synthetic chemical fertilizers.
    [Show full text]
  • Program of Projects, 2016
    CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR PROGRAM OF PROJECTS MAY 23 – 24 2 016 Presenting Benefactor with support from The California Science Center aspires to stimulate curiosity and inspire science learning in everyone by creating fun, memorable experiences, because we value science as an indispensable tool for understanding our world, accessibility and inclusiveness, and enriching people’s lives. Welcome to the California Science Center, a dynamic destination where learners of all ages can explore the wonders of science through interactive exhibits, live demonstrations, innovative programs and awe-inspiring films. With 2.5 million guests in each of the past three years since the Space Shuttle Endeavour arrived, the Science Center is the most attended museum in California and ranks as number 8 of the 20 most visited museums in North America. While you are on site, please take a moment to explore some of the many exhibitions the Science Center offers. One-of-a-Kind Experiences Ecosystems, a major exhibition wing, explores the links between the living and physical worlds. It features an unprecedented blend of live plants and animals with hands-on science exhibits in 8 different environments. Creative World examines the environment humans build to meet their needs for structures, transportation and communications. From computer technology and digital imaging to solar cars and earthquake-resistant buildings, Creative World showcases the wonders and consequences of human innovation. World of Life probes the commonalties of the living world, from the single-celled bacterium to the 100 trillion-celled human being. Five additional galleries within this exhibit area feature the processes of creating, controlling, supplying, energizing and defending life.
    [Show full text]
  • N2o Exchanges by Three Agricultural Plots in Southern Belgium: Dynamics and Response to Meteorological Drivers and Agricultural Practices
    COMMUNAUTÉ FRANÇAISE DE BELGIQUE UNIVERSITÉ DE LIÈGE – GEMBLOUX AGRO-BIO TECH N2O EXCHANGES BY THREE AGRICULTURAL PLOTS IN SOUTHERN BELGIUM: DYNAMICS AND RESPONSE TO METEOROLOGICAL DRIVERS AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES Margaux LOGNOUL Dissertation originale présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique Promoteurs: Bernard HEINESCH & Bernard BODSON Année civile: 2020 Copyright: @ LOGNOUL Margaux, 2020 LOGNOUL Margaux (2020). N2O exchanges by three agricultural plots in Southern Belgium: dynamics and response to meteorological drivers and agricultural practices. PhD Thesis. Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium. 188 p. Abstract In Belgium, managed soils are responsible for more than 60 % of N2O emissions from agriculture. This thesis aimed at gaining insight on the influence of farming practices and meteorological conditions on N2O emissions and flux dynamics in crops and grassland in Belgium. We worked on three research focus points: (1) the suitability of eddy covariance to measure N2O fluxes, (2) the influence of farming practices on N2O exchanges and (3) the weight of N2O in the greenhouse gas budget of managed soils. Three measurement campaigns were setup in Southern Belgium. In 2015, two sets of automated dynamic closed chambers were used to monitor N2O exchanges in a maize crop with the aim of studying the long-term effect of contrasting tillage practices (conventional tillage vs. reduced tillage) in experimental plots. In 2016, at the Lonzée ICOS Station, N2O emissions were measured by eddy covariance in a sugar beet crop from fertilization to harvest. Finally, in 2018, at the Dorinne ICOS Station, we set up a paired-flux tower measurement campaign to assess the impact of pasture restoration vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrogen Utilization in the Activated Sludge Process by Curtis Kenneth
    Nitrogen utilization in the activated sludge process by Curtis Kenneth Townsend A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Civil Engineering Montana State University © Copyright by Curtis Kenneth Townsend (1972) Abstract: Under man’s influence the process of eutrophication can be greatly accelerated by the concentration of nutrients in wastewater discharges. Biological growth can be controlled in a body of water by limiting the amount of any element required for growth of microorganisms. Nitrogen is required for the formation of amino and nucleic acids which are essential parts of living cells. This research involved construction of a pilot plant and a study of nitrogen removal by the activated sludge process with cell retention time as a variable. In the conventional activated sludge process nitrogen can be removed by wasting cells that contain nitrogen. One way to optimize nitrogen removal is by maximum cell wasting. However, this is limited by the necessity to keep the food to microorganism ratio within the proper range for adequate sludge settling. A second approach involves wasting cells with a maximum concentration of nitrogen. The results of this experiment indicate insignificant changes in the nitrogen concentration of the activated sludge with cell retention times from 1.72 to 10.15 days. The results of this research indicate that fixation may add significantly to the nitrogen content in the effluents from activated sludge treatment. In processes with no cell wasting (extended aeration), the nitrogen concentration of the effluent may exceed that of the influent.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy of the Phylum Proteobacteria and Korean Indigenous Novel Proteobacteria Species
    Journal of Species Research 8(2):197-214, 2019 Taxonomic hierarchy of the phylum Proteobacteria and Korean indigenous novel Proteobacteria species Chi Nam Seong1,*, Mi Sun Kim1, Joo Won Kang1 and Hee-Moon Park2 1Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea 2Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] The taxonomic hierarchy of the phylum Proteobacteria was assessed, after which the isolation and classification state of Proteobacteria species with valid names for Korean indigenous isolates were studied. The hierarchical taxonomic system of the phylum Proteobacteria began in 1809 when the genus Polyangium was first reported and has been generally adopted from 2001 based on the road map of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Until February 2018, the phylum Proteobacteria consisted of eight classes, 44 orders, 120 families, and more than 1,000 genera. Proteobacteria species isolated from various environments in Korea have been reported since 1999, and 644 species have been approved as of February 2018. In this study, all novel Proteobacteria species from Korean environments were affiliated with four classes, 25 orders, 65 families, and 261 genera. A total of 304 species belonged to the class Alphaproteobacteria, 257 species to the class Gammaproteobacteria, 82 species to the class Betaproteobacteria, and one species to the class Epsilonproteobacteria. The predominant orders were Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, Lysobacterales and Alteromonadales. The most diverse and greatest number of novel Proteobacteria species were isolated from marine environments. Proteobacteria species were isolated from the whole territory of Korea, with especially large numbers from the regions of Chungnam/Daejeon, Gyeonggi/Seoul/Incheon, and Jeonnam/Gwangju.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrification
    _____________________________________________________________________ Office of Water (4601M) Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Distribution System Issue Paper Nitrification August 15, 2002 PREPARED FOR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington DC 20004 Prepared by: AWWA With assistance from Economic and Engineering Services, Inc Background and Disclaimer The USEPA is revising the Total Coliform Rule (TCR) and is considering new possible distribution system requirements as part of these revisions. As part of this process, the USEPA is publishing a series of issue papers to present available information on topics relevant to possible TCR revisions. This paper was developed as part of that effort. The objectives of the issue papers are to review the available data, information and research regarding the potential public health risks associated with the distribution system issues, and where relevant identify areas in which additional research may be warranted. The issue papers will serve as background material for EPA, expert and stakeholder discussions. The papers only present available information and do not represent Agency policy. Some of the papers were prepared by parties outside of EPA; EPA does not endorse those papers, but is providing them for information and review. Additional Information The paper is available at the TCR web site at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/tcr/regulation_revisions.html Questions or comments regarding this paper may be directed to [email protected]. Nitrification 1.0 Introduction The goal of this document is to review existing literature, research and information on the potential public health implications associated with Nitrification.
    [Show full text]
  • AND NANO-SILVER TOXICITY to SOIL NITRIFICATION PROCESS Abdurrahman Masrahi Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2013 MACROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF IONIC- AND NANO-SILVER TOXICITY TO SOIL NITRIFICATION PROCESS Abdurrahman Masrahi Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Masrahi, Abdurrahman, "MACROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF IONIC- AND NANO-SILVER TOXICITY TO SOIL NITRIFICATION PROCESS" (2013). All Theses. 1800. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1800 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MACROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF IONIC- AND NANO-SILVER TOXICITY TO SOIL NITRIFICATION PROCESS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Plant and Environmental Sciences by Abdurrahman Sulaiman Masrahi December 2013 Accepted by: Dr. Yuji Arai, Committee Chair Dr. Horace Skipper Dr. Julia Kerrigan i ABSTRACT The worldwide production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has grown rapidly in our era because of the popular applications in industrial and consumer markets. Especially silver (Ag) NP is one of mostly common ENPs in our consumer products due to its unique antimicrobial property. However, release of AgNPs into environment through wastewater treatment plants poses a question that what impact AgNPs have on microbially mediated processes in environment (e.g., nutrient and trace element cycles). In the last decades, numerous toxicological studies of AgNPs on bacteria have been conducted in pure culture systems, and several different antimicrobial mechanisms of AgNPs have been proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Ammonia, Ph, and Nitrite on the Physiology of Nitrosmonas
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Lisa Yael Stein for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cellular Bioloav presented on May 14, 1998. Title: Effects of Ammonia, pH, and Nitrite on the Physioloav of Nitrosomonas europaea, an Obligate Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Daniel J. Arp Nitrosomonas europaea is a soil bacterium that derives energy solely from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. The first enzyme in ammonia metabolism, ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), is regulated transcriptionally and translationally by NH3. When cells of N. europaea were incubated with 50 mM ammonium, molecules of AMO were synthesized and the ammonia- oxidizing activity doubled over a 3 h period. In the same incubation, the activity decreased over the next 5 h to about the initial level. The decrease in activity was correlated to a decrease in the pH of the medium, from 8 to 5.6, which lowered the availability of the substrate for AMO, NH3, by favoring the formation of NH4+. Approximately half of the ammonium was oxidized in the incubations before reaching the limiting pH for ammonia oxidation. When cells were incubated in concentrations of ammonium that were consumed to completion, 15 mM, about 80% of the total ammonia oxidation activity was lost after 24 h. In cells incubated without ammonium or with a non- limiting amount, 50 mM, that was not consumed to completion due to acidification of the medium, only about 20-30% of the activity was lost after 24 h. The 80% loss of ammonia oxidation activity in the presence of limiting ammonium concentrations was specific and was not due to differences in AMO transcription or protein degradation.
    [Show full text]
  • VSGCP-W-Ol-002 C2 PROCEEDINGS
    VSGCP-W-Ol-002 C2 PROCEEDINGS Gregory D. Boardman, P.E.,DEE CharlesE. Via Department of Civil andEnvironmental Engineering Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and StateUniversity Lois Stephens Division of Continuing Education Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and StateUniversity Virginia Sea Grant, Publication Number VSG-02-01 Thiswork is a resultof researchsponsored in part byNOAH Office ofSea Grant, U.S, Oepartment of Commerce, underGrant No. NA96RG0025 to the Virginia Graduate Marine Science Consortium and the Virginia Sea Grant CollegeProgram. The U,S, Government is authorized to produceand distribute reprints for governmental purposesnotwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. AquacultureWaste Management Symposium Agenda July 22-24, 2001 8:30-8:45 am Introduction and welcome - GregBoardman and George Flick, Virginia Tech 8:45-9:15am JSAaquaculture effluent committee efforts MaxMayeaux, USDA 9:15-10 am Updateon EPAregulatory process for aquacultureindustry - IQisten Strellec,EPA 'l 0-10:30 am Re freshment break 10:30-noon Industryperspectives concerning waste management - Janele'alker, Virginia Tech; Kicth Gregg,Harlingen Shrimp Farms; Bill Martin,Blue Ridge Noon-1:30pm Lunch provided 1:30-3pm Bestwaste management practices for theshrimp and catfish industries - ClaudeBoyd, Auburn U. 3-3:30pm Refreshment break 3:30-5pm Bestwaste management practices for the trout industry - HarryWcstcrs, Aquaculture Bioengineering Tuesday, July 24 8:30-'l0 am Bestwaste management practices for theajligator, crawfish and turtle industries Greg Lutz, Louisiana StateU. 10-10:30 am Refreshment break 10:30-noon Bestwaste management practices for recirculatingsystems - SteveSummerfelt, Freshwater Institute No op-1:30pm Lunch provided 1:30-2:15pm Recentdevelopments in nitrification/denitri6cation - Tirn.Hovanec, Aquaria, Inc. 2:15-3 pm Managementof aquaculturalwaste using aerobic stabilization, reed bedsand hydroponic treatments SteveVan Gorder,Aquamarine Fish Farms,Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Assessment of a Process Including Microbial Fuel
    2239 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS The Italian Association VOL. 43, 2015 of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543374 Experimental Assessment of a Process Including Microbial Fuel Cell for Nitrogen Removal from Digestate of Anaerobic Treatment of Livestock Manure and Agricultural Wastes Luca Di Palmaa, Alberto Gerib, Marco Maccionib, Claudia Paolettic, Gianluca b a a,d Petroni , Antonella Di Battista , Cristiano Varrone aDipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy. bDipartimento di Ingegneria Astronautica, Elettrica ed Energetica, Sapienza University of Rome, Via delle Sette Sale 12b, 00184, Rome, Italy cENEA, C.R. Casaccia. Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma dAalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Copenhagen, Denmark. [email protected] The main objective of the research was to verify the effectiveness of a MFC (Microbial Fuel Cell) based reactor for the removal of nitrogen from digested sludge (from anaerobic treatment of livestock manure and agricultural wastes). Preliminary tests were performed to study the development of biofilm at the electrodes, by running small H- type MFC under different conditions. Results of the preliminary lab scale tests showed an increase of more than 60 % of the potential (of both, EOCV and ECCV), in the case of biofilm enrichment. Moreover, scale-up tests were run in continuous, using a 17 L reactor designed and assembled to the scope, constituted by an anaerobic anodic chamber, followed by an aerobic cathodic stage and an anoxic stage.
    [Show full text]