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Non-Standard Employment Around the World by Mariya

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Non-Standard Employment Around the World by Mariya International Labour Organization Decent Work Team and Office for the Caribbean Non-Standard Employment Around the World Mariya Aleksynska Economist, ILO Geneva February 2017 th 10 ILO Meeting of Caribbean Ministers of Labour, Kingston, Jamaica Content 1. What is non-standard employment? 2. Understanding trends in non-standard employment 3. Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment 4. Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them 5. Effect on workers, labour markets and society 6. Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment Defining Non-standard employment Content 1. What is non-standard employment? 2. Understanding trends in non-standard employment 3. Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment 4. Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them 5. Effect on workers, labour markets and society 6. Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment Temporary employment 35.0 2004 2014 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Part-time wage employment Less than 35 h a week MEN [0,10] (10,20] (20,30] (30,40] (40,50] No data WOMEN [0,10] Belize, 2015: 9% (10,20] (20,30] (30,40] (40,50] Bermuda, 2010: 9,5% No data Multi-party employment relationship Largest markets: United States, China, Europe, and Japan Republic of Korea: “in-house subcontracting” - 55% of firms The Philippines: “agency-hired” workers - 62% of firms South Africa: in labour brokering - 6.5% of workforce Disguised / dependent self-employment Chile: 12–17 % of subcontracting firms Argentina: 2.3% of workers Mexico: 4.1% of workers US: 8 -13 per % of workers in construction Jamaica: “contractors”: private security guards, hotel and food industries Businesses in the “on-demand” or “gig” economy hire “independent contractors” Reasons for Dynamics Transformations in Regulation Macroeconomic the world of work fluctuations and crisis The rise of the Partial deregulation Adjustments through service sector decline in the use of NSE Pressure from Distorted incentives globalization Temporary reductions in working hours Technological Decline in developments unionization and Increase in NSE due to the regulatory economic uncertainty Shifting role of collective organizational bargaining strategies Content 1. What is non-standard employment? 2. Understanding trends in non-standard employment 3. Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment 4. Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them 5. Effect on workers, labour markets and society 6. Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment Who uses and why? Evidence on use of temporary labour 132 developing and transition countries 22 EU countries 7.2 6.8 Don't use 16.3 32.8 Regular use 60.0 77.0 Intensive use Cost-saving, flexibility, technology Who uses and why? Evidence on use of temporary labour, textiles Don't use Regular use Intensive use 100 80 60 40 20 0 Average share of temporary workers in using firms 30 Evidence on use of temporary labour, textiles 25 20 15 10 5 0 Source: World Bank Enterprises Survey Implications for firms Content 1. What is non-standard employment? 2. Understanding trends in non-standard employment 3. Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment 4. Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them 5. Effect on workers, labour markets and society 6. Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment Why workers engage? Sometimes voluntary Voluntary part-time: Brazil: 93%, Argentina, Peru: 75% Care and other Part-time in Europe, 2014 27% of women, 4.2% of men responsibilities Education Temporary work in Europe, 2014 or entry into labour 25% of women, 24% of men market (probation) Sometimes involuntary 100.0 2007 2014 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Involuntary temporary employment Implications for workers Working conditions Content 1. What is non-standard employment? 2. Understanding trends in non-standard employment 3. Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment 4. Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them 5. Effect on workers, labour markets and society 6. Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment Making jobs better Making jobs better Policies to support workers Thank you! Report and data are available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/employment-security/non- standard-employment/lang--en/index.htm.
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