DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Climate Change, Its Factor, Effects and Adaptation Measures on Different Area of Arghakhanchi District, Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Climate Change, Its Factor, Effects and Adaptation Measures on Different Area of Arghakhanchi District, Nepal Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2020). 7(7): 1-14 International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN: 2348-8069 www.ijarbs.com DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs Coden: IJARQG (USA) Volume 7, Issue 7 -2020 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2020.07.07.001 Impact of climate change, its factor, effects and adaptation measures on different area of Arghakhanchi District, Nepal Satish Bhusal*1, Sangita Bashyal ^2, Prabesh Adhikari3 1School of Environmental Science and Management, (SchEMS) Kathmandu, Nepal, 2Kathmandu Forestry College, Kathmandu Nepal, Kathmandu Forestry College, Kathmandu Nepal^3 *Corresponding author: Satish Bhusal E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Climate change is currently one of the greatest threats to forest conservation and livelihood security of forest users. A case study entitled Impact of climate change, its factor, effects and adaptation measures on different area of Arghakhanchi District, Nepal “. The main objective of the study was to understand people’s perceptions on climate change and its impact on local environment, main factor of causing the change and explore the strategies adapted by local people to cope with climate change impacts on their livelihoods and find out the contribution of community forest on adopting different adaptation strategies by CFUG members. Primary information was collected from household survey and focus group discussion, key informant interview and direct observation, and secondary data was extracted from internet, different journals and organizations related to climate change, its impacts and adaptation measures and factor of climate change i.e Forest fire was determined by using MODIS data. The data were analyzed using statistical tools and computer programs like MS excel, SPSS, arc GIS etc and interpreted in main text with table, figure and charts. The result of the study shows that there was increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall has been felt by the respondents and also been validated by climatic data analysis. In addition, 64% of the total male respondents and 67% of the total female respondents stated that the number of disease and pest has highly increased in agriculture crops. Similarly, 31% of the total respondents have felt change in monsoon pattern, while 32% of the total respondents suffered from forest fire, 19% from flash flooding and 18% from drought in the study areas. The result showed the average 22 fire occurrence with 14,807.19 ha forest was burnt throughout the year. Temperature greater than 33°c, with slope higher than 35% having less than 1000mfrom road and settlement area has been found to be high risk. Overall, results show that, the trends of forest fire incidence found to be increasing. To cope with these problems, CFUG has conducted training, demonstration tour, and programs focusing to the poor, women and disadvantaged groups for increasing awareness on climate change and its adaptation measures such as check dam construction to control gully and increasing awareness on off-farm income generating activities such as ecotourism, to grow off- seasonal vegetables under plastic tunnels. A key conclusion coming out of this review is that climate change is not only an issue of international concern but is now a local level problem in Nepal. Keywords: Climatic hazards, MODIS DATA, people’s perception, CFUGs etc. 1 Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2020). 7(7): 1-14 Introduction particularly, in the mountain and flooding, sedimentation as well as drought in the low land Existence of life and vegetation on earth is the result regions of Nepal. The climate change impacts at of favorable climate and the availability of freshwater. household level in this region remains fragmented and limate on the earth is influenced by several processes inadequate to support the development of planned and interactions not only in the earth and its evidence-based adaptation strategies. surroundings. Climate change is no longer a subject of theoretical meteorology, but is a real issue affecting Community forestry (CF) is an institutional innovation almost all the lives and activities on the earth. It refers of empowering local communities in managing forest to the variation in the earth global climate or in resources for their benefit. Community level of forest regional climate over time. But for the United Nation management helps in income generating activities on Framework Convention on Climate Change one hand while in other hand regulating ecosystem, (UNFCCC), climate change means “all change in downstream settlements benefits from watershed climate, directly or indirectly attributed to human conservation, carbon sequestration and aesthetic activity that alters the composition of global values as in forms of Environmental Services (ES). atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate The community forest of Nepal has higher potentiality variability observed over comparable time period” for REDD+ (Reduce Emissions from deforestation and (UNFCCC, 1992, p4). forest degradation) and / or PES (Payment for Environmental Services) mechanisms. The successful Climate change is now recognized as one of the most implementation of these mechanisms help to conserve serious challenges facing the world – its people, the the forest and can contribute to rural development and environment and its economies. It is believed that poverty reduction which ultimately increase the most global warming we can now observe is capacity of people to adapt to climate change attributable to emissions of” (greenhouse gas)” GHGs. (Bishwokarma, 2012). Here is no any study on climate Climate change results due to emissions of greenhouse change impacts and adaptation in community forest gases from fuel combustion, deforestation, user group of Arghakhanchi district, and therefore, this urbanization and industrialization that vary in solar study is more important and essential for assessing the energy, temperature and precipitation. Climate change effects of climate change on CFUG members of and biodiversity loss are more challenging issues that Community Forest Users Group, and adaptation used we face today. Both are complex and cross-cutting to cope with these impacts. Thus, community forest issues, which affect nearly all human activity (CF) is a holistic approach to mitigate climate change (European Union, 2013). Climate change is a global and improve livelihood of local people. phenomenon. There is growing international consensus about its occurrence; for instance average Research Methodology global air temperature rise by around 0.6˚c over the twentieth century and the 1998 was the warmest year The study was carried out in six community forest since reliable, widespread instrumental measurement including (3municipalities and 3rural municipalities) become available in the late 19th century of Arghakhanchi district. It was extended with (htpp://en.wikipedia.org). 28000'1.80‘‘N latitude and 83014'28. 80‘‘ Elongitude. Arghakhanchi district lies between 305m to 2515 m Nepal climate is influenced by Himalayan mountain above mean sea level. The district can be broadly range and south Asian monsoon. The climate is divided into two physiographic regions i.e. categorized into four distinct season; pre-monsoon 68%Mahabharat hills and 32%Churia hills. Because of (March-May), monsoon (JuneSeptember), post- the topological structure, the Churia hills made mostly monsoon (October-November) and winter (December- of soft lime stones and the Mahabharat region made of February). Annual rainfall is approximately 1600 mm. Phyllite, Schist, Quartzite, limestone. The monsoon rain is most abundant in the eastern and gradually decreases as it moves southeast. The Hot season exists between March to June with the temperature trend increases from north to south and temperature up to 40°C. This season is the fire decreases with altitude (MOE, 2010). The most occurring season. Monsoon i.e. rainy season starts vulnerable population to climate change and from July to September. The average rainfall in the variability have been rural communities with few district is 2,200 mm. Cold season exists between resources to cope with extreme weather events like December to February with the temperature decreases landslides, erosion, and drought (IPCC 2007) up to6.5°C.Forest covers 62.05% of the total land area 2 Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2020). 7(7): 1-14 of the district. Majority of the forest area is dominated variegata), etc.are also available in district.Major by Sal (Shorearobusta),forest. Saj (Terminalia forest types found in Arghakhanchi district are Hill Sal elliptica), Bajh (Quercus leucotrichophora), Katush forest, Chir pine forest and Chir pine broad leaved (Castanopsistribuliodes), Rhododendron mixed forest .Chilaune, Katus, Assna, Guras, (Rhododendron ferrugineum), Uttis (Alnusnepalensis), Karma,Jamun are scattered in patches all over the Chuire (Aesandrabutyracea), Koiralo (Bauhinia district which was shown in (Fig 1 and Table 1 ). Figure 1: Map of study area Table 1: Data of CF No. of Area Name of CF Household Female Male Total (ha.) Jagadamda 66 176 180 356 25.28 Jamirekhola mahela 72 198 213 411 3.39 Bhalutakura 179 453 509 962 69.76 Devesthan Mahela 56 181 198 379 14.25 Putali 118 320 339 659 17.02 Chapdada 136 353 359 712 67.87 Primary Data collection scope and consent was taken from all of them. Thereafter, they expressed commitment of support A. Meeting with CF executive committee during the study. From this meeting, forest areas, forest users, floral and faunal species,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Mathillo Sitkhola Sana Hydropower Project (905 KW), Arghakhanchi District, Province No
    Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Mathillo Sitkhola Sana Hydropower Project (905 KW), Arghakhanchi District, Province No. 5 Submitted to: Ministry of Forests and Environment through Department of Electricity Development and Ministry of Energy, Water Resources & Irrigation Submitted by: Prepared by: Alliance Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Services Nepal (P). Ltd. GPO Box: 8957, Putalisadak, P.O. Box: 11605 Kathmandu, Nepal Central Business Park, Thapathali, Contact No: 9851097780 Kathmandu, Nepal , Tel #: 977 - 01410 1 695 Email: [email protected] July, 2020 EIA Study of Mathillo Sitkhola Sana Hydropower Project (905 KW) Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Survey License ................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.3 Organization Responsible for Preparation of EIA Report ............................................... 1-2 1.4 Rationality of Conducting the EIA .................................................................................. 1-2 1.5 Scope of the Study ........................................................................................................... 1-3 1.6 Objectives of the EIA....................................................................................................... 1-3 CHAPTER
    [Show full text]
  • INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE on USE of LOCAL FODDER TREES in MID HILLS of WEST NEPAL Mohan P
    INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON USE OF LOCAL FODDER TREES IN MID HILLS OF WEST NEPAL Mohan P. Panthi ABSTRACT Fodder shortage (quality as well as quantity) has been found throughout mid hills of Nepal. The tree fodder is particularly important as a green, nitrogen supplement to poor quality crop residues during the dry season when feeds are scarce. The nutritional values of fodders differ according to species and season therefore farmers prefer different species for different seasons to feed their livestock. The choice or preference of fodder species by farmers reflects their traditional knowledge on nutritional values, palatability, cultivation easiness and seasonal variability of tree fodder in local environment. The paper highlights an indigenous knowledge system that relates to the quality of tree fodder used by farmers in mid hills of Nepal. In total 69 plant species have been recorded as tree fodder and out of them ten best tree fodders have been listed on the basis of preferences and priority by farmers. Information was gathered through a semi structured open questionnaire by interviewing 85 respondents of different age groups of Arghakhanchi district. Though Ficus species was the most abundant among tree fodder, Grewia optiva (locally known as 'phorso') was found the most preferable tree fodder species in the study area. Key words: Tree fodder, folk classification, indigenous knowledge, mid hills. INTRODUCTION Fodder shortage has been a serious problem for livestock holders throughout mid hills of Nepal. It becomes acute during the dry period and winter when livestock is generally under fed by one-third of the required amount (Sherchan and Pradhan, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Province 05, Preliminary Results, Nepal Economic Census
    Number of Number of Persons Engaged District and Local Unit establishments Total Male Female Rukum East District 1,020 2,753 1,516 1,237 50101PUTHA UTTANGANGA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 276 825 501 324 50102SISNE RURAL MUNICIPALITY 464 1,164 620 544 50103BHOOME RURAL MUNICIPALITY 280 764 395 369 Rolpa District 5,096 15,651 8,518 7,133 50201SUNCHHAHARI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 302 2,231 1,522 709 50202THAWANG RURAL MUNICIPALITY 244 760 362 398 50203PARIWARTAN RURAL MUNICIPALITY 457 980 451 529 50204SUKIDAHA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 408 408 128 280 50205MADI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 407 881 398 483 50206TRIBENI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 372 1,186 511 675 50207ROLPA MUNICIPALITY 1,160 3,441 1,763 1,678 50208RUNTIGADHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 560 3,254 2,268 986 50209SUBARNABATI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 882 1,882 845 1,037 50210LUNGRI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 304 628 270 358 Pyuthan District 5,632 22,336 12,168 10,168 50301GAUMUKHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 431 1,716 890 826 50302NAUBAHINI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 621 1,940 1,059 881 50303JHIMARUK RURAL MUNICIPALITY 568 2,424 1,270 1,154 50304PYUTHAN MUNICIPALITY 1,254 4,734 2,634 2,100 50305SWORGADWARI MUNICIPALITY 818 2,674 1,546 1,128 50306MANDAVI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 427 1,538 873 665 50307MALLARANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 449 2,213 1,166 1,047 50308AAIRAWATI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 553 3,477 1,812 1,665 50309SARUMARANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 511 1,620 918 702 Gulmi District 9,547 36,173 17,826 18,347 50401KALI GANDAKI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 540 1,133 653 480 50402SATYAWOTI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 689 2,406 1,127 1,279 50403CHANDRAKOT RURAL MUNICIPALITY 756 3,556 1,408 2,148
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Full Report (PDF)
    Feb. 28, 2014 For Immediate Release CONTACT: In Atlanta, Deborah Hakes +1 404-420-5124 THE CARTER CENTER REPORTS THAT PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN NEPAL HAS IMPROVED; UNDUE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES CONTINUES In a report released today, The Carter Center reports that public perception of local governance has improved over the past year. However, mismanagement of local-level budgets and the persistent role of political parties in influencing local development priorities remain, posing a significant challenge to local development and governance. The report also makes a series of recommendations to the government of Nepal, political parties, civil society organizations, and the international public for local elections, governance, and development. “The Carter Center has found that many citizens believe that the quality of local governance has improved in the past year, particularly since the dissolution of the All Party Mechanism in January 2012. Center observers also noted that many bureaucratic mechanisms designed to increase the role of women, marginalized group representatives, and citizens in general appear to have been relatively successful in boosting local-level participation,” said David Hamilton, field office director for The Carter Center in Kathmandu. “However, significant obstacles that have skewed local development priorities and hampered the quality of service delivery remain in place. The voices of disadvantaged group representatives appear to be ignored when final decisions on local priorities are made,” said Hamilton. The report, based on field observations between February and August 2013, found increased levels of public participation in mechanisms such as Ward Citizen Forums and a perception that money was spent on more local governance projects of need in the local area.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Mushrooms Found in Dhikura Village and Its Adjoining Rotepakho
    Nepal Journal of Science and Technology (NJST) (2020), 19(1) : 48-53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29738 List of Mushrooms found in Dhikura Village and its Adjoining Rotepakho Community Forest in Arghakhanchi NS | Bot. Review District, Central Nepal Rajendra Acharya* National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories (KATH), Godawari, Lalitpur, Nepal *Corresponding Author [email protected] Abstract The study was carried out for higher fungi, especially mushrooms, found in Dhikura village and its adjoining Rotepakho community forest, Arghakhanchi district, Central Nepal from October 25 to 26, 2014. A total of 33 species, including both Ascomycetes (3 species) and Basidiomycetes (30 species) fungi were collected from the study area. The documented Ascomycetes species were from three orders belonging to three families and three genera, whereas Basidiomycetes species were from eight orders belonging to 17 families and 26 genera. Polyporales were found to be the dominant order in the study area, with 11 species followed by Agaricales (6 species) and Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and Russullales (3 species). Similarly, Polyporaceae was found to be the dominant family represented by nine species, Hymenochaetaceae (3 species), and followed equally by Exobasidiaceae, Sclerodermataceae, and Steriaceae (2 species). Litsea monopetala was found to be the primary host plant for three different mushroom species (including one Ascomycetes and two Basidiomycetes species) followed by Shorea robusta, Grewia asiatica, Mangifera indica, Machillus odoratissima, Terminalia bellirica, Wendlandia coriacea and Terminalia chebula (2 Basidiomycetes species). Keywords Central Nepal, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, mycodiversity Introduction 2009). The book entitled ‘‘Mushrooms of Nepal’’ Nepal, a well-famed country for mycodiversity, (Adhikari 2014a) provides a compilation of the with its wide range in ecological conditions from literature and historical account of mycological the tropical Terai to the permanent snow at the explorations in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT's UP? Newsletter, Oxfam in Nepal VOLUME 22 | SEP-OCT 2019
    WHAT'S UP? Newsletter, Oxfam in Nepal VOLUME 22 | SEP-OCT 2019 Photo by Oxfam in Nepal Starting my journey with Oxfam This is an exciting moment for me, a time of high performing office. We all should be very discovery – new organization, new teams, new proud of this fact. For me, it means that Oxfam projects and a new decentralized Nepal. I am in Nepal can offer a lot to the organization thrilled by what I am hearing and seeing. In each globally and that the global organization trusts department, I encounter energy, dedication and support us. I am taking all this positive and professionalism. In our three programs, I energy with me as I gradually take on the full am struck by the complexity that projects are span of my role. I take this opportunity to thank willing to embrace and the thinking behind you for your support and patience since I joined. project designs. I value the balance we are Oxfam in Nepal have been fantastic as inductors striking between addressing deep-rooted and this will help me greatly in being your causes of inequality and poverty and responding conductor! to the everyday needs of community. Different affiliates and colleagues at Oxfam International Sarah Blin whom I have interacted with, have expressed Country Director their compliments on the fact that Nepal is a Celebrating 40th Social Welfare Day Social Welfare Council in Nepal celebrated its 40th programmes, publications, videos, photographs Social Welfare Day (Samaj Kalyan Diwas) organizing and other products. Oxfam had its dedicated various promotional activities on 23rd September stall at the event that catered as a platform to 2019 with the slogan “;'vL / ;d[4 /fli6«o ;f]r, ;dfh showcase our programmes to the public.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal's Birds 2010
    Bird Conservation Nepal (BCN) Established in 1982, Bird Conservation BCN is a membership-based organisation Nepal (BCN) is the leading organisation in with a founding President, patrons, life Nepal, focusing on the conservation of birds, members, friends of BCN and active supporters. their habitats and sites. It seeks to promote Our membership provides strength to the interest in birds among the general public, society and is drawn from people of all walks OF THE STATE encourage research on birds, and identify of life from students, professionals, and major threats to birds’ continued survival. As a conservationists. Our members act collectively result, BCN is the foremost scientific authority to set the organisation’s strategic agenda. providing accurate information on birds and their habitats throughout Nepal. We provide We are committed to showing the value of birds scientific data and expertise on birds for the and their special relationship with people. As Government of Nepal through the Department such, we strongly advocate the need for peoples’ of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation participation as future stewards to attain long- Birds Nepal’s (DNPWC) and work closely in birds and term conservation goals. biodiversity conservation throughout the country. As the Nepalese Partner of BirdLife International, a network of more than 110 organisations around the world, BCN also works on a worldwide agenda to conserve the world’s birds and their habitats. 2010 Indicators for our changing world Indicators THE STATE OF Nepal’s Birds
    [Show full text]
  • CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: a RAPID ASSESSMENT Published in August 2013 by WWF Nepal
    Hariyo Ban Program CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT Published in August 2013 by WWF Nepal Any reproduction of this publication in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Citation: WWF Nepal 2013. Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL): A Rapid Assessment, Nepal, August 2013 Cover photo: © Neyret & Benastar / WWF-Canon Gerald S. Cubitt / WWF-Canon Simon de TREY-WHITE / WWF-UK James W. Thorsell / WWF-Canon Michel Gunther / WWF-Canon WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program / Pallavi Dhakal Disclaimer This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Kathmandu Forestry College (KAFCOL) and do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF, USAID or the United States Government. © WWF Nepal. All rights reserved. WWF Nepal, PO Box: 7660 Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal T: +977 1 4434820, F: +977 1 4438458 [email protected] www.wwfnepal.org/hariyobanprogram Hariyo Ban Program CHITWAN-ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT Foreword With its diverse topographical, geographical and climatic variation, Nepal is rich in biodiversity and ecosystem services. It boasts a large diversity of flora and fauna at genetic, species and ecosystem levels. Nepal has several critical sites and wetlands including the fragile Churia ecosystem. These critical sites and biodiversity are subjected to various anthropogenic and climatic threats. Several bilateral partners and donors are working in partnership with the Government of Nepal to conserve Nepal’s rich natural heritage. USAID funded Hariyo Ban Program, implemented by a consortium of four partners with WWF Nepal leading alongside CARE Nepal, FECOFUN and NTNC, is working towards reducing the adverse impacts of climate change, threats to biodiversity and improving livelihoods of the people in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • District Disaster Risk Management Plan for Arghakhanchi District
    Ministry of Agriculture Food and Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) Organization of the United Nations District Disaster Risk Management Plan (DDRMP) Arghakhanchi District April 2011 Priority Framework for Action Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in Agriculture Publisher: Government of Nepal Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Kathmandu, Nepal Copyright: April 2011 Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Government of Nepal Prepared under the FAO Technical Assistance to the Government of Nepal (TCP/NEP/3201 (D) and UNJP/NEP/OO5/UNJ) Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations Preface Executive Summary Page 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. The Rationale for District Disaster Risk Management Plans ................................................ 1 1.2. Objectives of the Arghakhanchi DDRMP ............................................................................. 1 1.3. Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1. Framework for DDRMP Preparation .............................................................................. 4 1.3.2. Building the picture – Assessing the disaster context in Arghakhanchi ......................... 4 1.3.3. Data collection methods .................................................................................................. 6 1.4. Layout of the Plan ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Analysis of Maize Seed Production in Arghakhanchi District of Nepal
    Journal of Maize Research and Development (2016) 2 (1): 144-150 ISSN: 2467-9291 (Print), 2467-9305 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16227 Socio-economic analysis of maize seed production in Arghakhanchi district of Nepal Mahima Bajracharya* Mahesh Sapkota and Surya Mani Dhungana Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Received: September 2016; Revised: October 2016; Accepted: November 2016 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize seed and non-seed producers. A field survey was carried out in sixty households of Khanchikot VDC of Arghakhanchi district during May, 2014. The district was major seed producing district and Khanchikot was found better in seed production than other VDC in district. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data using pre-tested interview schedule. About 57% were seed producer among the sample. The average family size of household was 5. Dependency ratio was less in seed producing households (0.41) than non-seed producers (0.72). Farmers were involved in the production of certified seed and the major (50%) source of foundation seed was National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. The external input like chemical fertilizer was used in fewer amounts in the study area. The seed test was done at regional laboratory, Bhairahawa and sold to DADO, Arghakhanchi. Decision on loan taking, business operation and bank account were taken by males whereas cropping pattern, deficit labor use, religious and social works related decision were taken by females in the household. Major problem in maize production were lack of technical assistance followed by inadequate irrigation facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Focused COVID-19 Media Monitoring, Nepal
    Focused COVID-19 Media Monitoring, Nepal Focused COVID-19 Media Monitoring Nepal1 -Sharpening the COVID-19 Response through Communications Intelligence Date: June 14, 2021 Kathmandu, Nepal EMERGING THEME(S) • Nepal reported 1,694 new COVID-19 infections, 46 deaths on June 13, lowest daily infection since April 19; people of all age groups in Nepal will be at risk in third COVID-19 pandemic wave, warn health experts; no health protocols followed in Sindhuil’s Madhibazar; infections increasing in Ramechhap with 80 per cent swabs testing positive, while Rupandehi, Banke, Dang see drop in cases • Lack of risk communication strategy to blame for healthcare workers being manhandled, people not taking risk of infection seriously, opine experts • President of Nepal Medical Council Dr Bhagwan Koirala says Nepal lacks experts in critical care, need to create a team under leadership of Critical Care Super Specialist(s) to operate ICUs • Freed haliya families in Bajura hit hard due to pandemic-induced crisis; Chepangs of Chitwan have not eaten any food grain in the past one week; Sadaya and Dalit communities of Siraha’s Golbazar suffering from starvation • 70 per cent of those who’ve lost their jobs due to COVID-19 in Nepal are women; number of children in child labor has risen to 160 million worldwide, millions more at risk due to COVID-19 • Entertainment sector hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic; 25 laborers from entertainment industry have committed suicide in past one-and-half months 1 This intelligence is tracked through manually monitoring national print, digital and online media through a representative sample selection, and consultations with media persons and media influencers.
    [Show full text]
  • 41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
    Initial Environmental Examination October 2011 NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project- Sandhikharka Town Project Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011) Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 = $0.1200 $1.00 = NPR83.312 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]