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List of Mushrooms Found in Dhikura Village and Its Adjoining Rotepakho

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List of Mushrooms Found in Dhikura Village and Its Adjoining Rotepakho Nepal Journal of Science and Technology (NJST) (2020), 19(1) : 48-53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29738 List of Mushrooms found in Dhikura Village and its Adjoining Rotepakho Community Forest in Arghakhanchi NS | Bot. Review District, Central Nepal Rajendra Acharya* National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories (KATH), Godawari, Lalitpur, Nepal *Corresponding Author [email protected] Abstract The study was carried out for higher fungi, especially mushrooms, found in Dhikura village and its adjoining Rotepakho community forest, Arghakhanchi district, Central Nepal from October 25 to 26, 2014. A total of 33 species, including both Ascomycetes (3 species) and Basidiomycetes (30 species) fungi were collected from the study area. The documented Ascomycetes species were from three orders belonging to three families and three genera, whereas Basidiomycetes species were from eight orders belonging to 17 families and 26 genera. Polyporales were found to be the dominant order in the study area, with 11 species followed by Agaricales (6 species) and Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and Russullales (3 species). Similarly, Polyporaceae was found to be the dominant family represented by nine species, Hymenochaetaceae (3 species), and followed equally by Exobasidiaceae, Sclerodermataceae, and Steriaceae (2 species). Litsea monopetala was found to be the primary host plant for three different mushroom species (including one Ascomycetes and two Basidiomycetes species) followed by Shorea robusta, Grewia asiatica, Mangifera indica, Machillus odoratissima, Terminalia bellirica, Wendlandia coriacea and Terminalia chebula (2 Basidiomycetes species). Keywords Central Nepal, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, mycodiversity Introduction 2009). The book entitled ‘‘Mushrooms of Nepal’’ Nepal, a well-famed country for mycodiversity, (Adhikari 2014a) provides a compilation of the with its wide range in ecological conditions from literature and historical account of mycological the tropical Terai to the permanent snow at the explorations in Nepal. highest elevation, has played an exciting role in Intense mycological exploration and the distribution of diverse mycofloral components investigation have been carried out in Central (Adhikari 1994-95, 2000, 2009, 2014c). Till Nepal as compared to eastern and western regions now, one monotypic and 35 endemic species of of Nepal (Adhikari 1999; Adhikari 2000; Adhikari mushroom have been described from Nepal. So far, & Bhattarai 2014). The present study was carried about 1,271 mushroom species have been recorded out to determine the higher fungi prevailing in from Nepal (Adhikari 2014a). Among these, about Arghakhanchi district (central Nepal). 147 species are said to be edible (Adhikari 2014b; Materials and Method Adhikari 2014a), while 100 species are poisonous, and 73 species have medicinal values (Adhikari Study area: Arghakhanchi district is one of the hilly 2014a). The Nepalese microflora is under the districts of the Lumbini zone in Central Nepal. It process of exploration since the work of Lloyd has unique physiography. Sixty-eight percent of (1808) and Berkely (1838), but still, several parts the district lies in the Mahabharat range and the of Nepal await their exploration, investigation, rest in the Siwalik hills. It is situated between study, and publication (Adhikari, 1999; 2000; 27°45'–28°26' N latitude and 84°45'–83°23' E 48 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology (NJST) (2020), 19(1) longitude. It covers an area of 1,193 sq. Km. It is (covering an area of about 47 hectares where surrounded by Palpa district in the east, Pyuthan people of this region depend on this forest mainly and Dang on the west, Gulmi on the north, and for the fulfillment of their daily subsistence Terai's districts, Kapilvastu and Rupandehi, on the requirements of fuelwood, fodder, grasses, leaf south. The elevation of the district varies from 305 litter, etc.) was intensively explored for higher to 2,575 msl, and about 40% of the total area is fungi both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous covered by forest (Bhusal et al., 2013). The forest species. is composed of mixed pine mainly dominated Collection and identification by Pinus roxburghii with its associated species like Schima wallichii, Wendlandia coriacea, The area was surveyed in October 25 to 26, 2014. Castanopsis indica, Diospyros lancifolia, Altogether 33 species of fungal species, including Woodfordia fruticosa, Lyonia ovalifolia, Shorea both Ascomycetes (3 species) and Basidiomycetes robusta, Grewia asiatica, Mangifera indica, fungi (30 species), were collected from the study Terminalia bellirica, Wedlandia coriacea, area. The species collected were well dried in Fig. 1. Map of the study area Terminalia chebula, Machillus odoratissima, Euphorbia royleana, Bambusa nepalensis, the shade and packed in paper envelops with Ficus hispida, Sapium insigne, Ficus auriculata, proper tag/collection numbers. They are housed Arundinella nepalensis, etc. in National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories (KATH), Godawari, Lalitpur. The climate of the study area is tropical to subtropical type with a fresh and humid The fungi were brought to National Herbarium climate. The average maximum temperature of and Plant Laboratories (KATH), Godawari Arghakhanchi is 28°C and a minimum of 4.5°C. for identification, and making herbarium It receives an average annual rainfall of about 850 specimens. The identification was done following mm recorded at Khanchikot (27°56' N, 83°09' E, relevant literatures (Teng 1939; Walting 1973, 1,760 msl ) (Source: Department of Hydrology Alexopoulous & Mims, 1979; Dickson & Lucas and Meteorology/GoN, 2005). Dhikura village lies 1979; Pacioni, 1981, Dennis1981; Svréek 1983; at the central part of the Arghakhanchi district. It Miller 1984; Purkayastha & Chandra, 1985; lies in the mid-hill zone. Dhikura village (divided Adhikari 2014). The nomenclature of all the into lower and upper Sursing village, 950–1,100 identified fungal species follows Adhikari (2012, msl) and adjoining Rotepakho Community Forest 2014). 49 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology (NJST) (2020), 19(1) Enumeration of species October 2014, collection no. 402, collector- 1. Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Vil., Hop. & RA John. [Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae] 9. Hexagonia sp. [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] Moist soil, Dhikura village- upper The stump of Wendlandia coriacea (Wall.) Sursing,1,050 m, 26 October 2014; collection DC., collection no. 413; Log of Shorea no. 425, collector- RA robusta Gaertn., collection no. 441, Dhikura 2. Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.: Fr.) Ces. & De village- upper Sursing, 1,100 m, 25 October Not. [Xylariales: Xylariaceae] 2014, collector- RA Log of Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers., 10. Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) Karst. Dhikura village- upper Sursing, 1,100 m, 25 [Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae] October 2014, collection no. 410, collector- The trunk of dead Machillus odoratissima RA Nees in Wall, Dhikura village- upperSursing, 3. Exobasidium butleri P. & H. Sydow 1,050 m, 26 October 2014, collection no. 430, [Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae] collector- RA Green leaf of Rhododendron arboreum Sm., 11. Ischnoderma sp. [Polyporales: Dhikura village- upper Sursing, 1,100 m, 26 Fomitopsidaceae] October 2014, collection no. 436, collector- Fallen log of Castanopsis indica (J. Roxb. ex RA Lindl.) A. DC., Rotepakho community forest, 4. Exobasidium ovalifoliae Li & Guo 1,050 m, 26 October 2014, collection no. 421, [Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae] collector- RA Green leaf margin of Schima wallichii Choisy, 12. Lentinus conchatus (Bull.: Fr.) Schroet. Rotepakho community forest, 950 m, 26 [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] October 2014, collection no. 442, collector- Log of Ficus hispida L. f., Rotepakho RA community forest, 950 m, 26 October 2014, 5. Favolus sp. [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] collection no. 418, collector- RA Log of Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers., 13. Lycoperdon sp. [Agaricales: Lycoperdaceae] Dhikura village- upper Sursing, 1,050 m, 26 Moist soil, Rotepakho community forest, October 2014, collection no. 435, collector- 950 m, 26 October 2014, collection no. 417, RA collector- RA 6. Fomes sp. [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] 14. Microporous xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntz. The stump of Erythrina stricta Roxb., [Polyporales: Polyporaceae] Dhikura village- upper Sursing, 1,050 m, 26 Fallen branch of Terminalia bellirica October 2014, collection no. 426, collector- (Gaertn.) Roxb., Dhikura village- lower RA Sursing, 900 m, 25 October 2014, collection 7. Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. no. 414, collector- RA [Polyporales: Ganodermataceae] 15. Morchella esculenta (L.: Fr.) Pers [Pezizales: Log of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Morchellaceae] Rotepakho community forest, 950 m, 26 Moist soil, Rotepakho community forest, October 2014, collection no. 427, collector- under mixed pine forest, 900 m, 25 October RA 2014, collection no. 415, collector- RA 8. Heterobasidium annosum (Fr.) Bref. 16. Panaeolus sp. [Agaricales: Bolbitaceae] [Russulales: Bonderzewiaceae] Log of Pinus roxburghii Sargent, Dhikura The dead part of the trunk of the live tree village- lower Sursing, 950 m, 26 October of Machillus odoratissima Nees in Wall, 2014, collection no. 446, collector- RA Dhikura village- upper Sursing, 1,100 m, 25 50 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology (NJST) (2020), 19(1) 17. Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. Moist soil, Rotepakho community forest, [Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae] under mixed pine forest, 950 m, 26 October Log of Grewia asiatica L., Dhikura village- 2014, collection
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