DOCSLIB.ORG

The American Revolution 1775-1783 Britain Vs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The American Revolution 1775-1783 Britain Vs The American Revolution 1775-1783 Britain vs. the colonies (United States) Revolution- A war that changes the government Patriots – Americans who fought Britain for independence Loyalists – Americans who were loyal to Britain American Advantages British Advantages Knowledge of the land Superior Army More Allies Wealth Leadership More weapons Good cause to fight for Superior Navy Short lines of communication Better military training Use of rifles Strong form of Government Short supply lines Supplies Experienced soldiers Beginning of the War Lexington and Concord – April 19, 1775 First battle of the war, Britain wanted to take colonists’ guns away. Americans tried to prevent them, and fighting broke out. Casualties: U.S.- 49 Britain – 273 Result: The war begins May 10, 1775: the Second Continental Congress begins in Philadelphia. All 13 colonies are represented. Congress becomes the government of the U.S. during the war. Olive Branch Petition – Letter to King George III from Congress asking for peace. ( this request is ignored by King George III, who declares the colonists in rebellion) Congress creates the Continental Army, and chooses George Washington to be the Commander in Chief. Washington was chosen because: He had experience He was wealthy He had good character and charisma He was from Viginia Fort Ticonderoga May 10, 1775 Surprise attack by Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys (with Benedict Arnold) Americans take the fort without firing a shot Americans gain much needed cannons! The Battle of Bunker Hill (a.k.a. Breed's Hill) June 17, 1775 The Americans want to force the British out of Boston. The British cannot allow the Americans to hold the high ground, so they attack! Results: Britain wins a costly victory. Casualties: U.S. 400 Britain: 1000 The Siege of Boston Evacuation: March 17, 1776 Washington forces the British to leave Boston without firing a shot! (He had cannons but no ammunition) Declaration of Independence Committee of 5 Chosen to write it: Roger Sherman -CT Robert Livingston - NY Benjamin Franklin - PA John Adams - MA Written by Thomas Jefferson-VA Four Main sections: 1. Preamble - introduction 2. Purpose of government- Main ideas: (Based on John Locke’s “Social Contract Theory” *Governments get their power from the people. *The purpose of government is to protect the people's basic rights *The people's basic rights are: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness *If the government does NOT protect the people's rights, they hav the right to rebel and get a new government that does. 3. Indictment - List of things the king did wrong. for Example: * Taxed us without representation * Closed Boston harbor * Killed our people * Violated our Rights 4. Declaration- Americans declare that they are no longer part of Great Britain, and are an independent nation called: the United States of America The Declaration of Independence was accepted by Congress on: July 4, 1776 The Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn Heights) August 27, 1776 Britain sent 32,000 troops (largest ever at that time) Washington defended with 19,000 troops Result: Washington's army was badly beaten, and the British took control of NYC. Casualties: Br. 400, U.S. 2000+ Aftermath of Long Island : A long Retreat Washington retreated through 3 states for 100's of miles. The outlook was grim indeed... The Battle of Trenton: A much needed victory for Washington and his men! December 26, 1776 Washington launches a surprise attack on Hessians and wins a stunning victory Casualties: Hessians - 900 captured 114Killed and wounded U.S. - 2 wounded The Winter at Valley Forge 1777-1778 Washington's troops spent a difficult winter at Valley Forge, outside of Philadelphia(occupied by the British). Due to Washington's leadership, and training they received from Baron von Steuben, the Continental Army not only survived, but improved! War in the South The British thought they could gain some victories in the south because there were so many loyalists there. They were right. They scored victories in Savannah, Ga and Charleston, S.C. as well as in other places. Eventually, British forces led by Gen. Charles Cornwallis were forced north into Virginia. Seeking reinforcements and supplies, Cornwallis headed for the York Peninsula on the coast, and set up camp at Yorktown, Virginia The Siege of Yorktown September 28-October 17 1781 Cornwallis and his army are surrounded by American and French forces. With defeat certain, the British surrender on October 17, 1781. Results of the Battle of Yorktown The War is OVER! The Treaty of Paris (1783) America is independent U.S. gains land east of the Mississippi .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Formation of the Corps of Engineers
    Formation of the U.S. Corps of Engineers Father of the Corps of Engineers At age 16 he was engaged by Lord Fairfax as a surveyor’s helper to survey 1.5 million acres of the Northern Neck of Virginia, which extended into the Shenandoah Valley At 17 he began surveying lots in Alexandria for pay, and became surveyor of Culpepper County later that summer. At age 21 he was given a major’s commission and made Adjutant of Southern Virginia. Six months later he led the first of three English expeditions into the Ohio Valley to initially parlay, then fight the French. Few individuals had a better appreciation of the Allegheny Mountains and the general character of all the lands comprising the American Colonies First Engineer Action Battle of Bunker Hill in Boston in 1775 Washington’s First Chief Engineer In 1775 Putnam entered the Continental Army as a lieutenant colonel. He was involved in the organization of the batteries and fortifications in Boston and New York City in 1776 and 1777, serving as Washington’s first chief Engineer. He went on to greater successes commanding a regiment under General Horatio Gates at the Battle of Saratoga in September 1777. He built new fortifications at West Point in 1778 and in 1779 he served under General Anthony Wayne. He was promoted to brigadier general four years later. Rufus Putnam 1738-1824 Chief Engineer 1777 - 1783 Washington pleaded for more engineers, which began arriving from France in 1776. In late 1777 Congress promoted Louis Duportail to brigadier general and Chief Engineer, a position he held for the duration of the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 7-1: the Revolution Begins
    Name: Date: Chapter 7 Study Guide Section 7-1: The Revolution Begins Fill in the blanks: 1. The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from various colonies in September of 1774 to discuss the ongoing crisis with Britain. 2. The Minutemen were members of the Massachusetts militia that were considered ready to fight at a moment’s notice. 3. General Thomas Gage was the British military governor of Massachusetts, and ordered the seizure of the militia’s weapons, ammunition, and supplies at Concord. 4. The towns of Lexington and Concord saw the first fighting of the American Revolution. 5. The “Shot heard ‘round the world” was the nickname given to the first shot of the American Revolution. 6. Americans (and others) referred to British soldiers as Redcoats because of their brightly colored uniforms. 7. At the Second Continental Congress, colonial delegates voted to send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III and created an army led by George Washington. 8. The Continental Congress created the Continental Army to defend the colonies against British aggression. 9. George Washington took command of this army at the request of the Continental Congress. 10. The Continental Congress chose to send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III and Parliament, reiterating their desire for a peaceful resolution to the crisis. 11. Siege is a military term that means to surround a city or fortress with the goal of forcing the inhabitants to surrender due to a lack of supplies. 12. Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allan captured Fort Ticonderoga in New York, allowing George Washington to obtain much needed supplies and weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • SPL115A Copy
    MAPPING: NORTHERN BATTLES Using a grid system helps you locate places in the world. A grid system is made up of lines that come together to form squares. The squares divide a map into smaller pieces, making it easier to \ nd important places. Learning how to use a grid system is easy, and will teach you an important location skill. Example: In July 1777, the British Army took control of Mount Independence. Hundreds of soldiers from America, Great Britain, and Germany are buried in unmarked graves on top of Mount Independence. Mount Independence is located at ( 4,4 ). Locate Mount Independence at ( 4,4 ), by putting your \ nger on the number 1 at the bottom of the grid. Slide over to 4 and up to 4. Mount Independence is located in the square created where these two numbers come together. 6 5 Mount 4 Ind. 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 678 9 Directions: In this activity, you will use a grid system to locate important Revolutionary War forts and battles in the North. 1. Follow the example above for locating each fort or battle by going over and up. If a fort or battle is located at ( 4,4 ), go over to 4 and up to 4. 2. When you locate a fort or battle on the grid, color in the square with a coloring pencil. If the fort or battle was won by the Americans, color the square blue. If the fort or battle was won by the British, color the square red. 3. The \ rst one has been done for you as an example.
    [Show full text]
  • FISHKILLISHKILL Mmilitaryilitary Ssupplyupply Hubhub Ooff Thethe Aamericanmerican Rrevolutionevolution
    Staples® Print Solutions HUNRES_1518351_BRO01 QA6 1234 CYANMAGENTAYELLOWBLACK 06/6/2016 This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, fi ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Department of the Interior. FFISHKILLISHKILL MMilitaryilitary SSupplyupply HHubub ooff tthehe AAmericanmerican RRevolutionevolution 11776-1783776-1783 “...the principal depot of Washington’s army, where there are magazines, hospitals, workshops, etc., which form a town of themselves...” -Thomas Anburey 1778 Friends of the Fishkill Supply Depot A Historical Overview www.fi shkillsupplydepot.org Cover Image: Spencer Collection, New York Public Library. Designed and Written by Hunter Research, Inc., 2016 “View from Fishkill looking to West Point.” Funded by the American Battlefi eld Protection Program Th e New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1820. Staples® Print Solutions HUNRES_1518351_BRO01 QA6 5678 CYANMAGENTAYELLOWBLACK 06/6/2016 Fishkill Military Supply Hub of the American Revolution In 1777, the British hatched a scheme to capture not only Fishkill but the vital Fishkill Hudson Valley, which, if successful, would sever New England from the Mid- Atlantic and paralyze the American cause. The main invasion force, under Gen- eral John Burgoyne, would push south down the Lake Champlain corridor from Distribution Hub on the Hudson Canada while General Howe’s troops in New York advanced up the Hudson. In a series of missteps, Burgoyne overestimated the progress his army could make On July 9, 1776, New York’s Provincial Congress met at White Plains creating through the forests of northern New York, and Howe deliberately embarked the State of New York and accepting the Declaration of Independence.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Battles of Trenton and Princeton
    Hidden Trenton Guide to the Battles of Trenton and Princeton Nine Days that Changed the World December 26, 1776 to January 3, 1777 A self-guided tour of the places and events that shaped the battles and changed the history of America Go to http://HiddenTrenton.com/BattleTour for links to online resources Updated 2017 Copyright © 2011, 2017 all rights reserved. The pdf file of this document may be distributed for non- commercial purposes over the Internet in its original, complete, and unaltered form. Schools and other non-profit educational institutions may print and redistribute sections of this document for classroom use without royalty. All of the illustrations in this document are either original creations, or believed by the author to be in the public domain. If you believe that you are the copyright holder of any image in this document, please con- tact the author via email at [email protected]. Forward I grew up in NJ, and the state’s 1964 Tricentennial cel- Recently, John Hatch, my friend and business partner, ebration made a powerful impression on me as a curious organized a “Tour of the Battle of Trenton” as a silent 4th grader. Leutez’ heroic portrait of Washington Cross- auction item for Trenton’s Passage Theatre. He used ing the Delaware was one of the iconic images of that Fischer’s book to research many of the stops, augmenting celebration. My only memory of a class trip to the park his own deep expertise concerning many of the places a year or two later, is peering up at the mural of Wash- they visited as one of the state’s top restoration architects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Weather on Armies During the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 The Force of Nature: The Impact of Weather on Armies during the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T. Engel Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE FORCE OF NATURE: THE IMPACT OF WEATHER ON ARMIES DURING THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-1781 By JONATHAN T. ENGEL A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Jonathan T. Engel defended on March 18, 2011. __________________________________ Sally Hadden Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________ Kristine Harper Committee Member __________________________________ James Jones Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii This thesis is dedicated to the glory of God, who made the world and all things in it, and whose word calms storms. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Colonies may fight for political independence, but no human being can be truly independent, and I have benefitted tremendously from the support and aid of many people. My advisor, Professor Sally Hadden, has helped me understand the mysteries of graduate school, guided me through the process of earning an M.A., and offered valuable feedback as I worked on this project. I likewise thank Professors Kristine Harper and James Jones for serving on my committee and sharing their comments and insights.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Question Sheet for the Continental Army & Washington 1. Who Is
    1 Question Sheet for The Continental Army & Washington 1. Who is the author of the source? What was his position (his duty) at Valley Forge? 2. What sort of military action does the source describe that occurred on December 11? What does he note as the outcome of this action? 3. Next, look at the diary entry for December 13. In your view, is this entry critical or supportive of the commanding officers at Valley Forge? What evidence in the entry supports your conclusion? 4. Read the diary entry for December 14. In this entry, list at least four conditions described by Waldo that either he or other soldiers at Valley Forge are enduring. In your view, are these conditions that are unique to Valley Forge, or do you think soldiers in all conflicts experience the same thing? 5. After reading the excerpt for Waldo’s diary, describe how you see his morale. List at least three examples from the reading to back up your description. 6. In your view, based on your reading and viewing of episodes from Liberty!, would Waldo’s account be fairly consistent of the experience of the average soldier during the Revolutionary War? Write a paragraph explaining your view. 2 7. Do you think that the conditions Waldo discusses were common of both enlisted men and officers? Why or why not? 8. Assume that you were George Washington and received a copy of Waldo’s diary. What concern, if any, would you have about the conditions stated in it? 9. In Episode #3, Pauline Maier notes, “…this means you have a different kind of an army.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of Trenton
    The Battle of Trenton By Breon M. Table of content I did this because of my teacher. Some times I got mad and wanted to quit but Chapter 1: The revolutionary war page 1-2 she pushed and kept pushing me to Chapter 2: the battle of Trenton page 3-4 become the best I can be. Thank you Ms. Chapter 3: George Washington page 5-6 Frech thank you very much. Chapter 4: why the battle of Trenton was important page 7-8 Chapter 5: Bibliography page 9 Thank you Chapter 6: Glossary page 10 So then George Washington signed the Introduction: The United States of America has Declaration of Independence and the colonist not always been the United States of America. became the USA George Washington knew that We used to have 13 states but back then it was they need to win some early battles if they want 13 colonies. This story is how we became the the French to help them so the colonist and United States of America. George Washington crossed the Delaware and took out the British’s Hessians. George Chapter 1: The Revolutionary War Washington came back with a win then they The revolutionary war started in 1775 after went back to New York and won it back. the shot heard around the world aka the battle Then in 1781 the French came and the battle of Lexington. The first battle was in 1775 the of Yorktown happened. The British could not risk battle of Bunker Hill bunker hill was a big war losing any more of their soldiers so they because although the colonist lost they surrendered and the treaty of Paris happened damaged half of the British troops and made the and after George Washington became the first British think that the war may not be very easy.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland in the American Revolution
    382-MD BKLT COVER fin:382-MD BKLT COVER 2/13/09 2:55 PM Page c-4 Maryland in the Ame rican Re volution An Exhibition by The Society of the Cincinnati Maryland in the Ame rican Re volution An Exhibition by The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Wash ingt on, D .C. February 27 – September 5, 2009 his catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the exhibition Maryland in the American Revolution on display fTrom February 27 to September 5, 2009, at Anderson House, the headquarters, library, and museum of The Society of the Cincinnati in Washington, D.C. The exhibition is the eleventh in a series focusing on the contributions to the e do most Solemnly pledge American Revolution made by the original thirteen states ourselves to Each Other and France. W & to our Country, and Engage Generous support for this exhibition and catalogue was provided by the Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland. ourselves by Every Thing held Sacred among Mankind to Also available: Massachusetts in the American Revolution: perform the Same at the Risque “Let It Begin Here” (1997) of our Lives and fortunes. New York in the American Revolution (1998) New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) — Bush River Declaration Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) by the Committee of Observation, Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) Delaware in the American Revolution (2002) Harford County, Maryland Georgia in the American Revolution (2003) March 22, 1775 South Carolina in the American Revolution (2004) Pennsylvania in the American Revolution (2005) North Carolina in the American Revolution (2006) Text by Emily L.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. George Washington 9. Lexington and Concord 2
    People and Events of the Revolution Directions: There are 15 people or events from the American Revolution on this page. There are 45 descriptions listed below. 3 descriptions will fit each person or event. Write the number of the person or event next to the 3 descriptions that match. 1. George Washington 9. Lexington and Concord 2. Thomas Jefferson 10. Bernardo de Galvez 3. Valley Forge 11. Treaty of Paris, 1783 4. Marquis de Lafayette 12. Patrick Henry 5. Declaration of Independence 13. Thomas Paine 6. Battle of Saratoga 14. Battle of Yorktown 7. King George III 15. John Adams 8. Ben Franklin 12 “Give me Liberty, or Give me Death!” French general and statesman. Author of the Declaration of Independence. ¼ of the soldiers died from disease, malnutrition, and exposure to cold. The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War. 2nd president of the U.S.A. Spanish military leader. Commander in chief of the Continental Army. The last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Document written and signed in 1776. Sites in Massachusetts of the 1st battles of the American Revolution. A turning point in the Revolutionary War. American statesman who negotiated an alliance with France during the American Revolution. Author of Common Sense. King of England during the American Revolution. Member of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence. He commanded the French army that helped the Americans during the American Revolution. It confirmed the independence of the United States. Recipient of the Declaration of Independence. Battles that started the American Revolution in 1775. Battle in which the British forces surrendered.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a — Battle History, Significance & Recent Planning
    Appendix A Battle History, Significance & Recent Planning This appendix provides a historic overview of the battle and time sequence for the southern Brandywine Battlefield where Crown Force tactical maneuvers and battle skirmishes with American troops occurred prior to and the day of battle, September 11, 1777. The southern battlefield consists of strategic landscapes related to Crown Force activities of Lower Flank Northern Column and Eastern Column Advance, and the associated Crown Force Approach and Encampment. The Lower Flank of the Northern Column ends where the Phase 1 northern battlefield strategic landscapes project picks up at the border of today’s East Marlborough and Pocopson Townships. The Eastern Column Landscape ends at the eastern battlefield (to be examined in a Phase 3 project) where it is estimated that battle combat action begins. This historic overview has been adapted from 2013 Plan information using strategic landscapes projects’ information. This appendix also provides an overview of recent battlefield planning projects. Historical Overview of the Battle The late summer of 1777 in the upper Delmarva Peninsula witnessed the start of the military campaign that resulted in the capture of Philadelphia by Crown Forces (25 September 1777). Two years of warfare had preceded the Philadelphia Campaign, with much of the principal military action on land occurring in New England, New York and New Jersey. Crown Forces setbacks occurred in December 1776 (First Battle of Trenton) and in early January 1777 (Battle of Princeton). These reversals resulted in the Crown Forces wintering in New York City and in the vicinity of New Brunswick and Perth Amboy, New Jersey, and American Forces taking up winter quarters around Morristown, New Jersey.
    [Show full text]
  • First Battle of Trenton
    First Battle of Trenton Introduction The following tour is presented by the Trenton Historical Society with funding support from the New Jersey Historical Commission. Please begin this tour at the Trenton Battle Monument, located on the northern edge of downtown Trenton at the intersection of North Warren Street, North Broad Street, Pennington Avenue and Brunswick Avenue. Thank you for visiting Trenton and for your interest in the Battles of Trenton. By the middle of December 1776 it appeared that the American Revolution was all but over. General George Washington and the Continental Army had suffered a series of stunning defeats in New York at Brooklyn Heights, Harlem Heights, Throgs Neck, White Plains, and Fort Washington and had been chased across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania by the British Army. Congress questioned Washington’s ability to lead the Revolution. Washington’s troops were demoralized and ill-equipped. If the Revolution was to survive, the Americans desperately needed a victory. Washington decided to risk everything in a surprise attack on Colonel Johann Rall’s Hessian troops in the town of Trenton. Washington planned three separate but simultaneous movements across the Delaware River on Christmas night that would result in a convergent attack on Trenton before daybreak. But that night a violent winter storm pounded the Delaware Valley. Relentless snow, sleet and heavy ice thwarted all but one crossing. After battling sharp frost, high wind and heavy ice floes, only the force led by George Washington himself successfully crossed the Delaware at McConkey’s Ferry – ten miles north of Trenton and three hours behind schedule.
    [Show full text]