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An Analysis of Naturalism As Reflected in Theodore Dreiser's an American Tragedy a Thesis By: Irvan S. Simbolon Reg. No. 12070

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An Analysis of Naturalism As Reflected in Theodore Dreiser's an American Tragedy a Thesis By: Irvan S. Simbolon Reg. No. 12070 AN ANALYSIS OF NATURALISM AS REFLECTED IN THEODORE DREISER’S AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY A THESIS BY: IRVAN S. SIMBOLON REG. NO. 120705049 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, IRVAN SUPARDI SIMBOLON, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR A WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : May 29th, 2019 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : IRVAN SUPARDI SIMBOLON TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF NATURALISM AS REFLECTED IN THEODORE DREISER’S AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : May 29th, 2019 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGMENT Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty, Jesus Christ, mankind‘s savior who loves me with His unconditional affection, holds my hand in every situations and blesses me with a great life that I can pass all problems in my life without changing and remove my faith in Him. Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who have given me pray, advice, motivation, and help in accomplishing my thesis. They are: 1. My beloved parents, to whom this thesis is devoted, Rusman Simbolon and Osta br. Sinaga, who always pray for me everytime and for everything. Thank you for your support, motivation, prays, and all that you give to me till now. You are the treasure that I have. Thank you for eternal love, I cannot live without you. 2. My dear old brother Ricson Marjoel Simbolon, who always remind me to do this thesis. Thank you for your material support and moral lesson that you give to me. My dear young sisters, Exalanti E.S. br. Simbolon and Imelvin br. Simbolon. Thank you for praying for me during I do my thesis. 3. Dr.Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum as my supervisor and Riko Andika Pohan, S.S, M.Hum as co-supervisor who have share their valuable ideas, times, guidance, and patience in process of completing this thesis. 4. Niel Maruli Tua, Cinio Steven Sinaga, Kristin Theresia Siregar, Mukhtar Hasan Hasibuan, who become a family for me, thanks for your presence in my life. I will never forget our friendship as long as I live. Also for all my friends in English Literature University of Sumatera Utara especially Class A 2012 that I cannot mention name by name, I will never forget you guys, may all us be succesfull in the future. 5. Dodie Hermawan Purba, Johannes Samosir, Ivo Nalatan Sitanggang, predi H. Siagian, Esti Sinaga, Exodus Sihombing, Andre Purba, who become my housemate for four years. Thanks for all the crazy day, laughs, supports, and favors that you give as I start to step in Medan. You are all the best. 6. To my dearest one, Eva M. Simanjorang, S.pd who become my motivator, inspirator, best friend, and the booster in my life. You are a precious gift from vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA God and I am very grateful to have in my life. Thanks for everything that you give to me. Your patience makes me understand what love is. I cannot do this without you my love. 7. Last but not least, to all my friends and family that I cannot mention one by one. My heart will always mention you in my life. Finally, may this thesis be worthwhile for all of the readers, may the grace and love of God be with us forever. Amin Medan, May 2019 Irvan S. Simbolon Reg. No. 120705049 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitled An Analysis of Naturalism as Reflected in Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy analyzing about naturalism, a literary term which states that there are powerful forces that control an individual. This novel tells about a man who failed to achieve his dream and ended up tragic because his inability to control the forces both from within and from outside of him. This thesis analyzes about the characteristics of naturalism that found in the novel. This thesis also analyzes about tragedy that happened to the main character as the effect of naturalism. The method of the analysis is descriptive qualitative method. As the result of the analysis, there are three characteristic of naturalism in the novel; those are determinism, frankness, and pessimism. The tragedy happened to the main character because his inability to control his nature and by the social circumstances that he cannot overcome. Key Words: Naturalism, Characteristics, Tragedy ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini yang berjudul An Analysis Of Naturalism As Reflected In Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy yang menganalisa tentang naturalism, aliran sastra yang menyatakan bahwa adanya kekuatan kekuatan yang menentukan tindakan seorang individu. novel ini bercerita tentang Seseorang yang gagal mencapai keinginannya dan malah berakhir tragis karena ketidaksanggupannya mengendalikan kekuatan-kekuatan baik dari dalam maupun dari luar dari nya. Thesis ini menganalisa tentang characteristic of naturalism yang terdapat pada novel. Thesis ini juga menganalisa tentang tragedy yang terjadi pada karakter utama sebagai effect dari naturalism. Teori yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah teori naturalism dan digabungkan dengan teori sosiologi sastra. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode descriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, ada tiga karateristik yang terdapat pada novel yaitu determinisme, frankness, dan pessimism. Tragedy terjadi pada karakter utama karena ketidakmampuannya mengendalikan diri dan juga oleh karena keadaan social yang tidak bisa diatasi. Kata Kunci: Naturalisme, Karakteristik, Tragedi x UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ............................................................................... v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ........................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. ix ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................ x TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study..................................................................... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study ......................................................................... 5 1.3 Objective of the Study ......................................................................... 5 1.4 Scope of the Study ............................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study .................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Realism ................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Naturalism and Its Characteristics ..................................................... 9 2.3 Tragedy as The Effect of Naturalism ............................................... 15 2.4 Sociology of Literature ..................................................................... 16 2.4 Previous Study ................................................................................... 18 2.5 Books Review .................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design .................................................................................. 21 3.2 Data and Data Source ......................................................................... 21 3.3 Data Collection .................................................................................... 21 3.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 22 xi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis…..………………….…………..………………………24 4.2 Findings….…………………….………..……….………………25 4.2.1 Characteristics Of Naturalism........................................................ 24 4.2.2 Tragedy As The Effect Of Naturalism .......................................... 44 CHAPTER V CONLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 46 5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................... 47 REFERENCES........................................................................................................48 APPENDICES i. Auto’s Biography and Works ii. Summary xii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Environment has many effects in human life process. All the human actions and natures were obtained by the process
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