Interim Report on the Biological Survey of River Quality
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Interim Report on the Biological Survey of River Quality Results of the 2004 Investigations K.J. Clabby J. Lucey M.L. McGarrigle ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhsaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland Telephone: +353 5391 60600 Fax: +353 5391 60699 Email: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie Lo Call 1890 33 55 99 © Environmental Protection Agency 2006 Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author accepts any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned, or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full as a consequence of any person acting or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. Interim Report on the Biological Survey of River Quality Results of the 2004 Investigations Published by the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland ISBN: 1-84095-186-9 02/06/300 Price: €15 ii PREFACE (AFF) in 1971 when some 2,900km of channel on the larger rivers and their more Section 65 (3c) of the Environmental important tributaries were biologically Protection Agency Act, 1992, requires the assessed for the first time. Since then the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to scope of the investigations has been “carry out, cause to be carried out, or steadily extended so that by 1990 virtually arrange for such monitoring as it may all of the rivers and streams depicted on consider necessary for the purposes of the the Ordnance Survey Map entitled "Rivers programme”. The “programme” referred to and their Catchment Basins" had been is the national environmental monitoring examined . programme which the Agency is responsible for implementing or having Although there are very many smaller implemented. In the present context the streams which do not appear on this map, objectives of this programme are and which are not included in the survey, a) to establish the ongoing quality status of those which are shown are considered to our rivers and streams form an acceptably representative national b) to monitor quality changes and trends baseline. over time c) to assess the performance of pollution The total number of rivers and streams in control and abatement measures this baseline now stands at 1072; these are d) to provide feedback to the responsible biologically surveyed at some 3,100 control agencies and locations extending over 13,100 kilometres e) to inform the general public of channel. For logistical reasons just a third of this baseline can be surveyed in any year In relation to the “control agencies” and thus the baseline takes three years to mentioned above the responsibility for the survey. licensing and regulation of large/complex industrial and other processes (including The survey is complemented by the intensive agriculture) rests with EPA physico-chemical measurements of river whereas the control and abatement of quality made by the Regional Water pollution from older and ‘’non-scheduled’’ Laboratories at Castlebar, Kilkenny and industry, from sewage and from agriculture Monaghan and those of the many local remains the statutory responsibility of the authority laboratories. Such chemical data local authorities. are required to assess compliance with prescribed physico-chemical standards and The biological survey which is currently for the precise identification and carried out by Agency biologists in quantification of pollutants in waters. Dublin, Kilkenny and Castlebar forms an essential element of the national This interim report continues the series monitoring programme. This survey was issued by AFF from 1973 to 1986 and by initiated by the then An Foras Forbartha the Environmental Research Unit (ERU) from 1989 to 1991. iii iv CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..………1 HYDROMETRIC AREA 01…………………………………………………………………..………3 HYDROMETRIC AREA 03……………………………………………………………………..…..23 HYDROMETRIC AREA 12…………………………………………………………………………29 HYDROMETRIC AREA 13………………………………………………………………………...63 HYDROMETRIC AREA 15 (PART)……………………………………………………………….75 HYDROMETRIC AREA NO. 17……………………………………………………………………85 HYDROMETRIC AREA 22 (PART)……………………………………………………………….95 HYDROMETRIC AREA 23 (PART)……………………………………………………………...123 HYDROMETRIC AREA 27 (PART)……………………………………………………………...135 HYDROMETRIC AREA 34 (PART)…………………………………...…………………………147 HYDROMETRIC AREA NO. 36…………………………………………………………………..176 HYDROMETRIC AREA 39………………………………………………………………………..210 HYDROMETRIC AREA 40………………………………………………………………………..239 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………...257 APPENDIX I………………………………………………………………………………………..259 NOTE ON ALTERNATIVE RIVER NAMES…………………………………………………….271 INDEX TO THE RIVERS SURVEYED IN 2004…………………………………………………277 v 40 38 39 37 01 03 35 33 36 34 06 32 26 07 30 08 31 09 29 10 28 14 27 25 15 12 11 24 16 23 13 18 17 22 19 21 20 N Fig. 1. Hydrometric Areas of Ireland. Shaded areas surveyed in 2004. vi INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of the manure to agricultural and forestry lands, has biological river quality investigations carried become very widespread in recent years and out in the year 2004 in which 583 locations on in the period 1998- 2000 it was estimated that 223 rivers and streams were surveyed in those approximately one third of river channel Hydrometric Areas indicated in Fig. 1 and length surveyed was affected to some degree. below:- The characteristic symptom of eutrophication in rivers is abnormally luxuriant growths of H.A. No. of No of Sts in Class:- water weed and filamentous algae which Number Rivers A B C D Total cause a variety of problems in affected waters. 01 17 17 8 15 1 41 Toxic pollution is commonly caused by 03 5 6 2 10 - 18 poisons such as sheep dip, mining wastes and 12 31 66 25 6 1 98 industrial discharges and its effects are 13 8 11 7 3 - 21 recognisably different to those caused by 15 6 9 16 8 1 34 organic wastes. Physical pollution refers to 17 9 19 6 1 - 26 siltation arising from quarrying, bog and 22 27 51 3 4 2 60 forestry development and arterial drainage. 23 11 17 3 1 - 21 Some wastes (e.g., sewage and manure 27 10 5 4 7 - 16 slurries) commonly exert the three effects viz. 34 25 58 4 1 4 67 organic, toxic and physical. 36 29 50 29 18 2 99 39 28 34 6 10 2 52 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT 40 17 20 2 6 2 30 TOTALS 223 363 115 90 15 583 As more fully discussed in Appendix I, water quality and water pollution assessment This is the first year in the current 3-year cycle methods fall into two main categories - of investigation (2004–2006) in which the biological methods and chemical methods. national baseline of some 13,100 km of river Each approach has its own particular channel is to be reassessed. All available applications, strengths and weaknesses but biological and physico-chemical data acquired ideally a combination of both is preferable to in the previous (2001–2003) cycle are set out either on its own. and discussed in a report published by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Biological Surveys: General May 2005 (Toner et al., 2001) Biological surveys are usually undertaken in POLLUTION TYPES AND the summer–autumn period (June–September) SOURCES when flows are likely to be relatively low and water temperatures highest. Surveys during The commonest type of pollution - organic this period are likely, therefore, to coincide pollution - is caused by sewage, animal with the worst conditions to be expected in manure slurries and food processing wastes: as those reaches affected by waste inputs. the waste is consumed by the organisms of Material for examination is obtained by a decay the oxygen in the water is used up and `kick' sampling technique in the faster-flowing the breakdown products (including areas of the river or stream (riffles) and the phosphorus and nitrogen compounds) are examination and assessment of water quality released into the water. The main effects of is made on site. organic pollution are therefore, the depletion Measurements of DO saturation and water of oxygen in the area immediately below the temperature, as well as observations on discharge and eutrophication (i.e., enrichment) macrophyte and algal abundance, substratum in the recovery zone further downstream. type, water appearance and other biological Eutrophication, which is also caused by the and physical features are also recorded. inappropriate and/or excessive application of organic (slurry) and inorganic (artificial) 1 The Survey of 2004 In the pages which follow the biotic index methods to be used. This approach is ascribed to each location surveyed in the proposed because of the statistically robust current year is set out together with the Q cause-effect relationship which has been values recorded in the previous surveys plus established between P concentrations and a brief assessment of the current quality eutrophication status (McGarrigle et. al., position. Following this is a section setting 1992). out details of sampling locations and general As stated above, quality ratings of Q4 and catchment characteristics. higher represent satisfactory conditions A summary and explanation of the where eutrophication is unlikely to be a terminology employed in these assessments problem. Because annual median P values is set out in Appendix I. in such waters rarely exceed 30 µg P/l this concentration has been adopted as the target THE PHOSPHORUS value to be achieved by 2007.