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FINAN Mcdonald-EXPLORER, FUR TRADER and LEGISLATOR*

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FINAN Mcdonald-EXPLORER, FUR TRADER and LEGISLATOR* FINAN McDONALD-EXPLORER, FUR TRADER AND LEGISLATOR* Ross Cox appears to be the only one to preserve an account of Finan McDonald's nativity and early life; in his Adventures on the Columbia River, page 348, VoL I, he says: "While we were here (Spokan House) a curious incident occurred between Mr. McDonald and an Indian, which I shall preface by· a short account of the former. He belonged to a highly respectable family which emigrated from Inverness-shire to Canada while he was a lad. His first accents were lisped in Gaelic; but in the capital of the High­ lands, so celebrated for its pure English, he made considerable pro­ gress in our language. On arriving in Canada he was obliged to learn French, in which he had made some proficiency, when he joined the North-west Company as apprentice-clerk. At the period I speak of (1814) he had been ten years absent from Can­ ada, and had traveled over an immense extent of country. His ap­ pearance was very striking: in height he was six feet four inches, with broad shoulders, large bushy whiskers, and red hair, which for some years had not felt the scissors, and which sometimes fall­ ing over his face and shoulders, gave a wild and uncouth appear­ ance. He had taken a Spokan wife, by whom he had two chil­ dren. ** * "M'Donald was a most extraordinary and original character, To hte gentleness of a lamb he united the courage of a lion. He was particularly affectionate to men of small size, whether equals or inferiors, and would stand their banterings with the utmost good­ humour; but if any man approaching his own altitude presumed to encroach too far on his good-nature, a lowering look and distended nostrils warned the intruder of an appmaching eruption. [Cox gives an example.] * * * "M'Donald frequently, for the mere love of fighting, accom­ panied the Flatheads in their war excursions against the Blackfeet. Hi" eminent bravery endeared him to the whole tribe, and in all matters relating to warfare his word was a law. The following anecdote, which was related to me by several Indians, will at once show his steady courage and recklessness of danger. In the sum­ mer of 1812, at the buffalo plains they well in with a strong party 'Prepared at the reQuest of Dr. Charles S. 1>iood)', of 1>fenan, Idallo, on June 1. 1922. :T. A. Meyers, of Meyers' Fa.lls. Wa.shington. (196) Finan McDonald 197 of the Black-feet, and a severe contest ensued. M'Donald was to be seen in every direction in the hottest of the fire cheering and animating his friends; and they at length succeeded in driving the Black-feet to take shelter in a thick cluster of trees, from whence they kept up a constant and galling fire on the Flat-heads, by which a few were killed, and several wounded. In vain he exerted all his influence to induce his friends to storm the trees, and drive the enemy from their cover. "M'Donald, vexed at this puerile method of fighting, offered to take the lead himself to dislodge the enemy; but, with the excep­ tion of the war-chief, they all refused to join him. He therefore resolved to try the effect of example, and putting his horse on to a smart trot, rode opposite to the place from whence the chief fire of the Black-feet proceeded: he then dismounted, took deliberate aim at the head of a fellow which had just popped from behind a tree, and let fly. The bullet entered the Black-foot's mouth, and he fell. A shower of balls instantly whizzed about M'Donald and his horse; but he, undismayed, reloaded, while his friends cried out and besought him to retire. He covered another in the same man­ ner, and galloped to his party uninjured. [These were the only two killed in this clump of trees.] War was his glory, and 'piping peace' his aversion. Up to the period I quitted the Columbia he had escaped harmless; but I regret to state that a few years after­ wards, one of the enemy's balls brought him to the ground: half­ a-dozen savages instantly rushed on him, and commenced hacking his scull with their tomahawks: the scalping knife was in the act of beginning its dreadful operation, and in a moment all would have been over, had not the war-chief, accompanied by a few friends, dashed to his assistance, killed three of the Black-feet, and rescued their benefactor from impending death. He subsequently recover­ ed; but I understand the wounds he then received have left evident traces of their violence on his bold and manly front." According to Ross Cox, McDonald joined the North-west Company in 1804. He is not listed among the North-west Com­ pany's men of that year in lV!asson's Bourgeois; but it is known that list is not complete, but he appears at the Rocky Mountain House, on the Saskatchewan River, in 1806; apparently an experienced clerk, ranking above many other commissioned clerks of prior em­ ployment in the company. He comes into notice as second in command, and with David 198 J. A. Meyers Thompson's party crossing the Rockies by the Howse's Pass to the headwaters of the Columbia River, in the early summer of 1807; and assisted in building the "Kootenay House" that season. This house was below Lake Windermere, at Toby Creek, and was not called a fort, but named for the Kootenay Indians who inhabited that section. (See: Thompson's Narrative, pages 378 and on.) McDonald was sent by Thompson in the fall of 1807 to estab­ lish a house at a "considerable Lake in McGillivary's (Kootenay) River": this is "Lake Indian House" below Bonners Ferry, and is the first exploration of the Kootenai River from the Columbia Lakes to below Bonners Ferry; and the house the first built in Ida­ ho. That season, 1807-8, two of McDonald's men crossed to the Kullyspell (Pen d' Orille) Lake, 45 miles.. McDonald returned up the Kooteney River early in the Spring and was at Kooteney House in time to enable Thompson to start, Apr. 20th, 1808, on his trip down the Kooteney River to Kooteney Lake. Thompson on his return, notes in his Narrative page 395: "We were acquainted with the Kootenai [Upper Columbia] Country before us, and on the 8th of June, 1808, came to Mr. Finan McDon­ ald and four men in charge of the Furs traded in the winter; they have had also hard times, and have been obliged to eat all the dogs." On the 10th of November of 1808 McDonald starts from the "Kootenay House" for the "Lake Indian House" of the year be­ fore; but the weather becoming extremely cold, froze the Kooteney River up and he had to send to the Kootenay house and procure horses for the journey, but only got to a point some place above t!1e Kootenay Falls. Rainy Creek near Libby, Montana, was the only place where horses could be wintered and in all probability the place McDonald built his storehouse, noted afterwards by Thomp­ son in his Geographical N ales, 1810. On the 17th of April, 1809, the Traders leave the "Kootenay House" and descend the Columbia to the- Howse Pass across the Rockies. They left the Columbia River on June 9th and reached the head waters of the Saskatchwan River on the 18th June. Thampson says; July 14th, 1809, "Under the charge of Mr. Finan McDonald sent a canoe off for the defiles of the Mountains". The party arrived at the Columbia River the 13th of August, and at Mc­ Gillivray's (Kootenay) River on the 20th; descending that river Finan McDonald 199 to the road to the Saleesh (Clarks Fork) River, (Bonners Ferry) arriving on the evening of the 29th. "On my arrival here, I sent off Mjr. Finan McDonald and a man to follow the road to the Sal­ eesh River and find the camp of those Indians, to bring horses and help us through to the River". The party reached Kullyspell (Pen d'Orille) Lake, September 8th, where part of the goods was taken in canoes and arrived at the Saleesh River (Clarks Fork), 2 :00 p. m. the 9th. The site of the "Kullyspell House" was selected on the 10th, and they commenced to build the 11 th; the second house in Idaho. Thompson's Geographical Notes shows, McDonald was left in charge while Thompson made an exploring trip down the Saleesh . River to near Metaline by land and returned October 6th, 1809; v",hen he says: "Mr. McDonald had traded about 2 packs of good furs in my absence, mostly from the 'Pointed Hearts'." No inti­ mation of sharp trading here, just the opposite, the name is, prob­ ably, just a translation of the tribal name "Skeetshoo". Also in charge, when Thompson went up the Saleesh River and located the Saleesh House four miles above Thompson Falls, Mont., and con­ tinued in charge of the Kullyspell House until Thompson's return April 21st, 1810. He is sent by Thompson to the Saleesh House April 23rd. The 7th of May, Thompson gives Jocko (Jacques Raphael) Finlay his orders to build "Spokan House"; the same day sends a letter to McDonald that connects him and his men with 1he Saleesh Indian Camp, and in a battle that followed the Pie­ gans were defeated, with the help of the white men and the newly acquired guns of the Saleesh.
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