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1 Page 3 Culturespaces, representative for the Greek Villa Kérylos Page 4 Institut de France, owner of the Greek Villa Kérylos Page 5 Two designers with one passion Page 7 A palace inspired from Ancient Greece Page 11 The villa’s unique collections Page 12 Events in 2015 Page 13 The action of Culturespaces at the Villa Kérylos Page 16 The Culturespaces Foundation Page 17 Practical information 2 Culturespaces, representative for the Villa Grecque Kérylos “Our aim is to help public institutions present their heritage and develop their reputation in cultural circles and among tourists. We also aim to make access to culture more democratic and help our children discover our history and our civilisation in remarkable cultural sites” Bruno Monnier, CEO and Founder of Culturespaces. With 20 years of experience and more than 2 million visitors every year, Culturespaces is the leading private organisation managing French monuments and museums, and one of the leading European players in cultural tourism. Culturespaces produces and manages, with an ethical and professional approach, monuments, museums and prestigious historic sites entrusted to it by public bodies and local authorities. Are managed by Culturespaces: • Musée Jacquemart-André, Paris (since 1996) • Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild, Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat (since 1992) • Greek Villa Kerylos, Beaulieu-sur-Mer (since 2001) • Carrières de Lumières , Baux-de-Provence (since 2012) • Château des Baux de Provence (since 1993) • Roman Theatre and Art and History Museum of Orange (since 2002) • Nîmes Amphitheatre, the Square House, the Magne Tower (since 2006) • Cité de l’Automobile, Mulhouse (since 1999) • Cité du Train, Mulhouse (since 2005) • And in May 2015, Culturespaces launches in Aix-en-Provence a new Art Centre in a gem of the XVIIIth century: Caumont Art Centre, in a mansion, belonging to Culturespaces. Aware that our heritage must be preserved for future generations, Culturespaces contributes every year to financing restoration programmes for the monuments and collections it has been entrusted to look after. More generally, Culturespaces is responsible for upgrading spaces and collections, welcoming the general public, managing staff and all services, organising cultural activities and temporary exhibitions and promoting sites at national and international level, with efficient and responsible management methods certified ISO 9001. To ensure that visits are always a pleasure, the Culturespaces teams place quality of reception and cultural enrichment at the heart of all their services to visitors. In the meantime, the Culturespaces Foundation, created under the aegis of the Fondation du Patrimoine, has set itself the task of supporting initiatives that give children access to culture. 3 Institut de France, owner of the Greek Villa Kérylos Created in 1795 in order to contribute on a non-profit basis to the renown of the Arts, Sciences and Humanities, the Institute de France (French Institute) groups together five academies: the French Academy, the Academy of inscriptions & belles-lettres, the Academy of sciences, Academy of fine arts and the Academy of moral & political sciences. At the same time, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions practicing philanthropy and administering donations and legacies. For two centuries, it has housed foundations and awarded prizes that play an unparalleled role in modern philanthropy. Created by individuals or companies, the Institute’s foundations and prizes benefit from the experience of this secular institution in the areas of sponsorship and philanthropy, as well as from the proficiency of academicians in their fields of expertise. The Institute also owns an important artistic heritage, consisting of residences and exceptional collections of that have been bequeathed to it since the late 19th century; in particular: the Château de Chantilly, the Musée Jacquemart-André, the Abbey de Chaalis, the chateau de Langeais, the manoir de Kerazan as well as the villa Kérylos. www.institut-de-france.fr 4 Two designers with one passion The Villa Kérylos was born of a meeting between an erudite patron of the arts and an architect. This dream of ancient times gave rise to an atypical villa. Théodore Reinach, a great scholar Théodore Reinach (1860-1928) was the youngest of three very talented brothers, born into a family of bankers originally from Frankfurt. Important personalities in the 3rd Republic, the three Reinach brothers were known as the “know-it-alls” because of their extraordinary learning: Joseph, the eldest, was a member of the French parliament and worked with Gambetta and Salomon, a member of the Institute, distinguished himself as curator of the National Museum of Antiquities. As for Théodore, at a very young age he gained a double doctorate in law and arts and concentrated very quickly on the history of Ancient Greece. Archaeologist, papyrologist, numismatist and musicologist, he was accepted into the “Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres” and was also a member of the Savoie parliament. His passion for Greece gave rise to the project to construct a Greek villa at Beaulieu-sur-mer, not far from Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild. Madame Reinach was in fact Baron Maurice Ephrussi’s niece. On his death in 1928, Théodore Reinach bequeathed Villa Kérylos to the Institut de France, of which he was a member. His children and grandchildren lived there until 1967, the year when it was classified as a historical monument. Emmanuel Pontremoli (1865-1956), an architect with a passion Théodore Reinach suggested this unbelievable project to Emmanuel Pontremoli: Build an Ancient Greek villa at Beaulieu. Straightaway, the young architect was won over. He was also aware of the difficulties: “I knew, he wrote in 1934, and previous attempts made me fully aware that any restoration, reproduction or reconstruction of a residence from the past is meaningless if it is exclusively based on what one believes to be the truth or the alleged archaeological truth. I also knew that to try and do this would be in vain, destined to certain failure, as from the first attempts, there was no accurate, conclusive document and this would mean everything would come to nothing due to the lack of any factual basis.” 5 Therefore, it was not a question of imitating but of reinventing Greece. Freedom of expression was the order of the day to succeed with this project and it was a long-drawn-out project as the architect took six years, from 1902 to 1908, to complete this masterpiece. In 1921, Emmanuel Pontremoli was appointed General Inspector of Government Buildings and National Palaces. This role took him to former royal residences, such as Versailles, Marly, Rambouillet, etc. At the end of his career, he was the first architect to be appointed director of the School of Fine Arts in Paris. A faithful reconstitution Far from being a mere copy of the noble houses on the Island of Delos, Villa Kérylos is rather a reinvention of Ancient Greece. The two men did not want to make a pastiche but wanted to create an original work with “Greece in mind”. Emmanuel Pontremoli demonstrated his genius by subtly incorporating the modern conveniences of the Belle Époque villas into the luxurious setting of an Ancient Greek villa: the pool in the balaneion was fed with water from taps concealed under round grilles and the astonishing folding piano, designed by Pleyel, with its workings concealed in a lemon wood chest. Villa Kérylos is, therefore, a magical place full of memories offering a vivid insight into ancient culture and being characteristic of the Belle Époque. A sad ending? Théodore Reinach’s many commitments in Paris prevented him from making the most of his villa, which was both splendid and very expensive. His political work for Savoie, his chair in ancient numismatics at the Collège de France and his work as a director of various journals kept him busy in Paris. The First World War forced him to accept an assignment in the United States of America in 1917, the year his wife died. Théodore Reinach died prematurely in 1928. He was never to know that some of his family would be sent to concentration camps, notably his son Léon, the keeper of the archives at Kérylos, which were taken by the Gestapo. 6 A palace inspired from Ancient Greece Based on the design of the noble houses of the Island of Delos in the 2nd century B.C., Villa Kérylos invites visitors to take a trip back in time to Ancient Greece. Everything, from the arrangement of the rooms to the refined decor, has been designed to recreate the atmosphere of a luxurious Greek villa. Built in the style of Mediterranean houses, Villa Kérylos is arranged around the peristyle, a large central courtyard surrounded by twelve monolithic columns in white Carrara marble. The balaneion The Balaneion (thermal baths); a private bathroom found only in luxurious houses, is in Carrara tiger marble. The Greeks were accustomed to relaxing here before their evening meal. Here too, Pontremoli demonstrated the extent of his freedom of expression and spirit of initiative. The centrepiece is the octagonal basin. One metre deep with sides of Carrara tiger marble, its mosaic bottom depicts the seabed. Its classical Greek shape would later be used by Christian baptisteries. As for the modern features, they are no less efficient for being discrete. The two open grilles conceal taps. Modern facilities actually supplied from the mains The peristyle Forming a major part of the ground floor, this is where the master of the house loved to take a stroll. An atrium to some, a patio to others, this central courtyard forms one of the essential parts of an Ancient Greek house, where air and light circulate, creating ideal conditions for the rosebay. At the centre, there is a plain basin of pure water. This is not a meaningless ornament but is intended to bring to mind the primordial role of water, the source of life.
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