Department of the Haile Sellassie I University, Entry Word in etc., add the grandfather's personal name as well. For example: Ethiopian Names' Personal Father's Grandfather's name personal name personal name Kebreab W. Giorgis Habte Wolde Tekle Sellassie Mariam Hawariat Examples of names which occur as the first This article is an attempt to explain the nature element in a two-worded personal name are: of Ethiopian names so that the problem of their Berekete (e.g. Berekete Ab) cataloguing may be minimized at an early stage. Gebre (e.g. Gebre Sellassie) Although the Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia1 Kifle (e.g. Kifle Mariam) says clearly, "Every individual has a family name, Sine (e.g. Sine Giorgis) one or more first names and a patronymic", Examples of names which occur as the second Ethiopia does not yet have a national usage for element in a two-worded personal name are: surnames. The following elements normally Gabriel (e.g. Haile Gabriel) form part of an Ethiopian name: Mikael (e.g. Tesfa Mikael) 1. Personal name; Rufael (e.g. Wolde Rufael) 2. Father's personal name or given name; Work (e.g. Zenebe Work) 3. Attributes and titles. The two elements may be written as one word: A personal name is given at birtht and is used Bereketeab, Tesfamikael. Abbreviation of the throughout life. Family name, or surname, is second or first element in a two-worded name generally unknown in Ethiopia, and there are (e.g. W. Berhan for Wolde Berhan) sometimes very few Ethiopians who have followed the Civil occurs though not frequently. Code and adopted surnames. There are some Most personal names have some religious noble families who sometimes retain names of significance. For example: illustrious grandfathers as a kind of surname. In general, however, a personal name is always Ab means Father(God) followed by the father's personal or given name. Egziabhier „ God For example: Personal name Father's personal name Ermias Kebreab Ethiopians may have multiple names and a For anyone who is familiar with the history given or personal name may consist of two or of Ethiopia, this is not surprising: Christianity more elements. For example: was introduced into Ethiopia during the fourth Personal name Father's personal name century A.D. by Frumentius and adopted by Habte Sellassie Wolde Mariam King Ezana of Axum. The influence of Christ Sometimes the personal name and the father's ianity is, therefore, reflected in all aspects of the name may not be sufficient to identify a person. country's social and cultural traditions, including No one seems to follow the Civil Code, which personal or given names. states that every individual "be designated in The third element of an Ethiopian name con administrative documents by his family name sists of attributes and titles, which may be followed by his first names and by his patron indications of royalty, nobility, official titles, ymic". In fact, government organizations such honorary titles, religious titles or forms of address. as the Ministry of Pensions, the Extension • Ethiopians sometimes have church names as well; and children may not be fully named until they are older. Many Moslem Ethiopians give their children Arabic names or names derived from Arabic words. Reprinted from International Cataloguing, Jan.-March 1974, by kind permission of the Editor. The Indexer Vol. 9 No. 3 April 1975 119 Religious Titles Ethiopian names could be treated in the same Debtera Music Conductor way as early Indie names used by authors who Kes Priest flourished prior to the middle of the nineteenth Melake Selam Angel of peace century (AACR 56). Entry is under the first word of the name in both cases: Secular Titles (including military) Isvara Kaula (Indian) Bitwoded Mengistu Lemma (Ethiopian). Miktle Yeasir Aleka Shaleka-Basha The whole heading should always be in this order (i.e. personal name followed by father's Ato Solomon G. Kristos of the Haile Sellassie I name). Since the name is considered to be in the University Library has pointed out that it is direct order, no punctuation is required. Titles essential that authors' names be romanized and and attributes present no special problems, as that the peculiar variance in form of entry ex AACR could be applied without much difficulty. plained, so as to make Ethiopian literature For example, an Ethiopian orthodox priest, bibliographically manageable by non-Ethiopians. bishop or patriarch could be entered under his The Institute of Ethiopian Studies, in its publi Ethiopian name in religion, followed by his title cations and library catalogue, has adopted the (in italics). Instead of adding the title in English, transliteration scheme introduced by Stephen vernacular words should be used consistently. For Wright in the Journal ofEthiopian Studies2. Other example: schemes, including that of the Library of Con Dimetros Gebre Mariam, Melake Selam gress, exist. This situation leads to an inconsis Lukas Tewolde, Abuna tency which bibliographers and cataloguers have to resolve through the use of cross-references. As Similarly, titles of nobility, honour, etc., in the most Ethiopian authors writing in other lang vernacular may be added to the name of the uages have established romanized names in nobleman, etc., when required to distinguish spellings different from the Wright scheme and persons with identical names. For example: the other schemes, cross-references from the Asrata Kassa, Ras established forms must be used. Bulcha Gutema, Bitwoded How do the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Titles of royalty present no problems at all. The (AACR) treat Ethiopian names? There is no given name is followed by the appropriate title. special section and Ethiopian cataloguers are For example: disappointed that the AACR provides special rules for names in certain languages such as MenelikU, Atse Arabic, Burmese, Indie, Sikh, Indonesian, Thai, Mikael, Negus etc., but not Ethiopian. Ethiopian names deserve Monarchs usually adopt coronation names special rules because of their unique nature, and when crowned emperors: cross-reference from because of the problems that arise in identifying the old name may, therefore, be necessary. the form of heading. AACR provides a general rule, "Enter under the elements or combination The entry word for married women deserves of elements of the name by which the person is special attention. According to the Civil Code of best known as determined from reference sources". the Empire of Ethiopia, "a married woman shall However, Ethiopian names in most reference retain her personal family name. She may, while sources are incorrectly treated, as though they her marriage lasts, be designated or designate were English names: and this treatment is in herself by the name of her husband". In practice, consistent. Cataloguers, therefore, cannot expect however, Ethiopian women, unlike the majority much guidance from reference sources as far as of other women in the world, do not change their Ethiopian names are concerned. names after marriage. Entry is simply under the given name followed by the father's personal However, let us try to establish certain basic name irrespective of marital status. guidelines by which the entry word in Ethiopian names can be determined. This should be in The discussion on rules for cataloguing per line with the rationalization of cataloguing rules sonal names at the International Conference on made by Seymour Lubetzky and the Paris Cataloguing Principles, Paris 1961, resulted in Statement of Principles. the decision to choose the entry word as much as 120 The Indexer Vol. 9 No. 3 April 1975 possible by agreed usage in the country of which for the entry word is not yet established, it is safe the author is a citizen. The Ethiopian national to assume that librarians in Ethiopia silently agree bibliography produced by the Institute of Eth to the adoption of the given name or first element iopian Studies of the Haile Sellassie I University of the given name as entry word. in its arrangement reflects the basic principles of the Paris Conference and the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 1967. Ato Solomon G. References. Kristos of the Haile Sellassie I University also compiled A decade of Ethiopian language publi 1. Ethiopia. Ministry of Pensions. Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia, Berhanenna Selam Printing cations in which authors' names are given in a Pr., 1960. transliterated form: arrangement was under the 2. Haile Sellassie I University. Institute of Ethiopian author's given or personal name followed by the Studies. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 2 (1) Jan father's given name8. uary, 1964. 3. Solomon G. Kristos. A decade of Ethiopian lang Thus, although there is no official cataloguing uages publications 1959-1969. Addis Ababa, HSIU rule for Ethiopian names in Ethiopia and the rule Library, 1971. SPECIFICATIONS FOR Specifications for PRINTED INDEXES (Specifications for users and reviewers) A Guideline Recommended by the PRINTED INDEXES American Society of Indexers Publishers of indexes and of works containing The following Guideline, recommended by the indexes are encouraged to provide with each American Society of Indexers (ASI), has been index as many of the following specifications as circulated to the members of the Society, and are applicable to it. The purposes of the specifi changes suggested by them have been incorpor cations are to aid index users and reviewers in ated for publication by the ASI through its the selection and use of indexes, and as a means Committee on Ethics, Standards and Specifi for publishers to indicate index quality. It is cations. The objectives of the published specifi suggested that the specifications appear in the cations are, as is explained in the introductory introduction or other prefatory material to the paragraph, to aid index users and reviewers in index, and in catalogues and advertising matter the selection and use of indexes, and as a means describing the indexes or indexed works.