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Lepidoptera Recorded from the Swamp Lover's Preserve in Dane County, Wisconsin in Late April and Mid May of 2011

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Lepidoptera Recorded from the Swamp Lover's Preserve in Dane County, Wisconsin in Late April and Mid May of 2011 Lepidoptera Recorded from the Swamp Lover's Preserve in Dane County, Wisconsin in Late April and Mid May of 2011 Hugo Kons Jr. & Robert J. Borth February 2013, DRAFT; last update February 2014 Abstract We report 120 species of Lepidoptera collected at the Swamp Lover's Preserve in Dane County, Wisconsin during late April and mid May of 2011, including 119 species of Macrolepidoptera. Surveys were conducted primarily in upland southern mesic hardwood forest with a UV trap and four bait traps, although we also did a small amount of diurnal collecting. Lists of species recorded from UV trap and bait trap samples over 1-3 day intervals are provided. Some notable Lepidoptera records for Wisconsin, discussed in more detail, include Cleora sublunaria (Geometridae), Nola ovilla (Noctuidae), Nycteola metaspilella (Noctuidae), and Cerma cora (Noctuidae). Acknowledgments We are very grateful to Jerry Goth for his support of our collecting research at the Preserve and also for hosting us at his residence while we were doing research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank both Gerry Goth and Lee Swanson for managing a preserve dedicated to the preservation of natural communities where collection based research is encouraged. We are also indebted to Kyle Johnson (who has conducted extensive Lepidoptera research at the preserve) for showing us around the preserve, arranging permission for us to stay there, and for much other assistance both with our surveys at the preserve and the research we were doing concurrently at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Introduction The Swamp Lover's Preserve is located in Dane County, Wisconsin, in a biologically interesting area where two ecoregions converge: the driftless area of southwestern Wisconsin and the glaciated eastern ridges and lowlands of southeastern Wisconsin. A variety of different habitat types are present in the preserve. The hills and ridges include upland southern mesic hardwood forest, bluff prairie remnant, and limestone outcroppings. The lowlands include wet-mesic prairie restoration, low shrubby wetlands, sedge meadow, and open fields. Jerry Goth is very active in coordinating activities to improve the preserve, including the removal of invasive exotic plants, the restoration and establishment of prairie communities, and planting rare plants in the preserve. The Swamp Lover's Preserve is privately managed by Jerry Goth and Lee Swanson. The management is strongly pro-research, and encourages collectors to visit the preserve and provide information on the insect fauna, with no restrictions on research collecting beyond sharing a list of species documented with the management. Due to the research friendly management and biological interest of the property, the preserve has been visited by several Lepidoptera specialists, most notably Kyle Johnson who has collected extensively at the preserve, especially in the fall and early spring. Furthermore Jerry Goth has collected numerous specimens at the lights around his house in the interior of the preserve. Kyle Johnson has compiled an extensive Lepidoptera species list for the preserve. The period from late April to mid May has been among the most poorly sampled times of year for Lepidoptera at the preserve. When we stayed at the preserve in 2011 we were working long hours every day imaging genitalic structures of Catocala moths with the Automontage system at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Department of Entomology, and therefore had very minimal time to conduct surveys at the preserve. During the same time period Kyle Johnson was extremely busy also, finishing up his Masters Thesis on Boloria of peatlands. Furthermore, the weather was cold and unfavorable for moth activity on most of the dates we were present at the preserve. Our surveys were limited to one UV trap and four bait traps checked every two-three days, and a small amount of diurnal collecting. However, even with this very limited survey some notable records were obtained, and we were able to contribute new information for a time of year which had previously been little studied at the preserve. The purpose of this report is to report the results of the surveys we conducted in late April and mid May of 2011. Materials and Methods Nocturnal Lepidoptera were sampled with one UV light trap and four bait traps. The light trap was operated with a 15 watt DC BioQuip BL UV light in April, and a 15 watt AC BioQuip UV Light in May. On 10 May Jerry Goth collected moths at patio lights around his house (near the location of our trap sites), and HLK inventoried this material and these records are included as well. Bait traps were baited with rotten bananas. Light trap and bait trap designs are shown in Figures 1-3, and discussed in more detail in Kons and Borth (2006). Figures 1-3: Figure 1 (Upper Left): UV trap design used in this survey, except a 15 watt BioQuip UV light was used (the light in the photo is a 33 watt BLB UV light); Figure 2 (Upper Right): Example of the type of bait trap used in this study; Figure 3 (Lower): Example of a bait trap bait container. The dates and locations of nocturnal survey stations are provided in Table 1, and shown in Figure 4a below. Except for UV Trap site 2 and the patio light which are exact localities, the remaining sites shown in Figure 1 are approximate locations. The UV Trap 2 site has a GPS coordinate obtained by Kyle Johnson, and the exact location of the patio light around Jerry's house was readily determined from Google Earth. Figure 4a: Approximate or exact locations of survey stations at the Swamp Lovers Preserve (see Table 1 for dates and coordinates for each survey station). Bait trap sites with green markers were used in late April and on 10 May, those with orange markers were used in mid May, and the one with a red marker was used throughout the survey interval. Figure 4b: The oak savanna site where voucher specimens of Erynnis lucilius were collected. As our nocturnal surveys were conducted with traps only and we were not present at the preserve on any of the nights, we do not have temperature data for any of the survey dates. However, conditions we warm and favorable for moth activity in Madison from 10-12 May and 17-19 May, but on other dates the weather conditions were cooler and more marginal for moth activity. Other than on 19 May, diurnal survey was limited to picking up a few specimens between the house and location of UV Trap site 2. However, on 19 May Bob Borth and Kyle Johnson visited an oak savanna site during the day (Figure 4b). All nocturnal survey stations were located in the upland southern mesic hardwood forest habitat along a ridge west of the Goth residence, except for the specimens collected by Jerry Goth at patio lights around his residence. Some of these lights overlook an open grassy area, including a prairie restoration area that had been burned earlier in the year. None of our survey sites were located in any of the wetland or lowland habitats. On each survey date or combination of dates we preserved a minimum of one voucher specimen per Macrolepidoptera species collected in the UV light trap and at bait. We did not record each species in each bait trap except for 22-24 April; on the other dates we simply recorded all of the species found at the four bait traps together. We vouchered quantitative samples of Macrolepidoptera individuals in the UV Trap on 25-26 April, 13-14 May, and 15-16 May. We also recorded data for a quantitative sample of Macrolepidoptera individuals for the UV Trap on 17-19 May; however in this case some worn duplicate individuals of common species were recorded and discarded. Voucher specimens from the surveys presented in this report will be housed primarily in the research collection of Hugo Kons Jr. for the near future. However, some specimens are also housed in the research collection of Robert J. Borth and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (some Sphingidae specimens from the bait traps). All Macrolepidoptera specimens collected for this study were identified to species by HLK except for specimens in the genus Eupithecia (Geometridae). However, certain specimens are potentially part of taxonomically problematic species complexes, as noted in the discussion. Some microlepidoptera specimens were collected as well but this material is not yet identified. Results We recorded 120 species of Lepidoptera at the Swamp Lover's Preserve during late April and mid May of 2011. This total includes all the Macrolepidoptera species/specimens (except some undetermined specimens of Eupithecia), plus one species in the family Attevidae. Table 2 provides the detailed checklist as well as 227 unique species records for 374 specimens collected for this survey. A unique species record is a record of one or more specimens of a species collected at a survey station on a survey date (or series of 2-3 consecutive dates in cases where traps were checked every 2-3 days). Multiple specimens of a species with identical data are only counted as one unique species record. Table 2 also provides species totals for each survey station on each survey date (or series of dates) and the results of quantitative UV trap samples for Macrolepidoptera individuals. Discussion Despite our rather limited effort, we were able to document a number of species new to the preserve, plus provide data for a time of year when the preserve has received little attention from Lepidopterists. Most of the new records for the preserve are common species and were undoubtedly newly recorded from the preserve incidental to the adult flight season being limited to a time of year when the preserve had received little prior survey work.
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