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[ 1994 ] Part 3 Chapter 3 Special Economic and Humanitarian Assistance

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[ 1994 ] Part 3 Chapter 3 Special Economic and Humanitarian Assistance 812 Economic and social questions Chapter III Special economic and humanitarian assistance During 1994, the United Nations, through its lems. A wide range of adverse economic condi- Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA), con- tions, often accompanied by armed conflict, civil tinued to coordinate the international response to strife or natural disasters, jeopardized development an increasing number of complex emergencies and in those countries. humanitarian situations worldwide. In addition to providing aid in one of the century's worst man- made disasters—the Rwanda genocide, which left Critical situation in Africa between half and two thirds of the country's peo- ple refugees, displaced or dead—the Organization New Agenda for the Development of Africa continued relief convoys in the former Yugoslavia, A number of United Nations organizations con- despite harassment, obstruction and confiscation tinued to implement or monitor the implementa- of humanitarian supplies. In addition to Rwanda tion of the United Nations New Agenda for the and the former Yugoslavia, consolidated inter-agency Development of Africa in the 1990s, adopted by appeals were launched for Afghanistan, Angola, the General Assembly in 1991.(1) They included Burundi, the Caucasus, Haiti, Iraq, Kenya, Mo- the United Nations Conference on Trade and De- zambique, Sudan, Tajikistan and Yemen, but the velopment (UNCTAD), the United Nations Devel- international response often fell short of the set opment Programme (UNDP), the Economic and targets. Social Council and the Assembly. The World Conference on Natural Disaster The Panel of High-Level Personalities on Afri- Reduction, in May, carried out a mid-decade re- can Development, appointed by the Secretary- 2 view of the accomplishments of the International General in 1992( ) to assist and advise him on the Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-2000). implementation of the New Agenda, held its fourth The Conference adopted the Yokohama Strategy meeting in New York on 19 and 20 September for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster 1994. It stressed that Africa urgently needed Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation, which greater resource inflows, not merely for its grow- was endorsed by the General Assembly in December ing emergency requirements, but in order to pro- (resolution 49/22 A). The Assembly called for in- mote its broad development goals. Human re- ternational assistance for a number of countries that source development had to become a priority for were devastated by natural disasters during the year, African Governments and for the donor commu- including Madagascar, which was struck by a tropical nity, with special emphasis being laid on the pro- cyclone (48/234), the Republic of Moldova, which motion of education for women and, particularly, suffered a severe drought followed by a hurricane for girls. The Panel urged the Secretary-General and floods (48/266), and Uganda, which was struck to mobilize international resources for Africa's by a major earthquake (48/236). human development efforts and to enhance coor- With regard to the critical economic situation dination within the United Nations system. It en- in Africa, several forums discussed the implemen- couraged the United Nations system to harmonize tation of the United Nations New Agenda for the and simplify the procedures of financing organi- Development of Africa in the 1990s. In December zations in accordance with the needs of recipient (49/142), the Assembly urged the international com- countries. The Panel decided to discuss, at a fu- munity to increase financial resource flows to Africa ture meeting, financial resource flows to Africa and urged African countries to continue their ef- from bilateral donors, the private sector and pos- forts to improve the investment climate. sibly non-governmental organizations (NGOs). UNCTAD action. At its April session, the Trade and Development Board (TDB) had before it a February report(3) by the UNCTAD Secretary- General on UNCTAD's contribution to the im- Special economic assistance plementation of the New Agenda, which ad- dressed, in particular, the issues of investment pro- The United Nations continued in 1994 to pro- motion, foreign direct investment and the transfer vide special assistance to a number of developing of technology. For the developing countries of countries facing particularly severe economic prob- Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, the need Special economic and humanitarian assistance 813 for higher levels of investment derived from a num- The Board asked the secretariat to provide pro- ber of critical structural factors, including high gress reports on its activities and to submit to it population growth, low economic growth, high ex- in 1995 an evaluation of UNCTAD's contribution ternal trade dependence, the debt burden, the re- to the implementation of the New Agenda. source gap and inefficient resource use. Although UNDP action. In response to a 1993 re- efforts by African countries to correct some poli- quest,(5) the UNDP Administrator submitted to the cies of the 1960s and 1970s had already affected Executive Board of UNDP and of the United Na- the investment climate, negative perceptions still tions Population Fund (UNFPA) a May report(6) persisted. For the host country environment to be on UNDP's role in the implementation of the New attractive to all investment, sound economic poli- Agenda. The report highlighted two special activi- cies, stability, rapid growth, high levels of capital ties, the National Long-Term Perspective Studies accumulation, including human capital, and open- and the African Capacity-Building Foundation. It ness of the economy were essential. also outlined other activities in support of sustaina- The report described obstacles to investment in ble human development in Africa with respect to Africa and Africa's response and discussed action political and economic reforms, humanitarian as- needed to improve the environment for domestic sistance, private-sector development, aid coordi- investment, foreign direct investment and technol- nation, environment, human resources develop- ogy transfer. It also outlined some of the difficul- ment, and resources mobilization and programme ties faced by African countries in acquiring tech- management. nology associated with internal and foreign direct On 9 June,(7) the Executive Board encouraged investment and suggested some policies and ini- the Administrator, African countries and the in- tiatives that could help African countries to pro- ternational community to continue to support the mote investment and technology transfer. implementation of the New Agenda. It also en- 4 In conclusions of 29 April,( ) TDB agreed that couraged UNDP to continue to participate in the sound and sustainable macroeconomic policies, dialogue on resolving Africa's debt problems. The political stability, good governance, physical and Administrator was requested to report annually to institutional infrastructure and human resource the Board on UNDP's role in implementing the development were needed to encourage investment New Agenda. in Africa. It invited African countries to carry out In a later report on the subject,(8) the Adminis- reforms of legal and regulatory frameworks and trator stated that, during 1994, UNDP participated adopt appropriate structural adjustment and liber- in the United Nations Inter-agency Task Force on alization policies, and to facilitate the development African Economic Recovery and Development and of private enterprises and involve the private sec- the Secretary-General's Panel of High-Level Per- tor in policy formulation. Other suggestions in- sonalities. It also assisted in organizing the Asia- cluded strengthening local capital markets, in- Africa Forum (Bandung, Indonesia, 12-16 Decem- creasing investment in human capital, facilitating ber), which was a follow-up to the 1993 Tokyo regional integration and cooperation, particularly International Conference on African Develop- in the areas of laws and regulations pertaining to ment.(9) UNDP continued to aid the joint the conduct of trade and investment, and develop- secretariat of the Organization of African Unity, ing financial institutions through which enterprises the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and could benefit from foreign portfolio investments. the African Development Bank (AfDB) in its im- The Board urged the international community plementation of the 1991 Abuja Treaty that estab- to assist and support Africa's development efforts lished the African Economic Community.(10) in the above areas by strengthening channels of Under the multi-donor funded African Capacity- assistance in the human resource development and Building Initiative, support was extended to train- transfer of technology sectors, alleviating the debt ing institutions in Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Nige- burden and meeting their official development as- ria, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and sistance targets. It also urged the international Zimbabwe. The African Project-Development Fa- community, and the UNCTAD secretariat, to assist cility, co-sponsored by UNDP, AfDB, the World Africa in disseminating information on investment Bank and bilateral donors, completed 130 projects opportunities and investment promotion pro- in 25 countries. In the area of human resources grammes in the region. development, UNDP helped Botswana, Cameroon, TDB requested the secretariat to propose ways the Gambia, Guinea, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi to create a
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