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The Implementation of David's Law to Address Cyberbullying in Texas

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The Implementation of David's Law to Address Cyberbullying in Texas Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2021 The Implementation of David’s Law to Address Cyberbullying in Texas Public School Districts Helene Marie Topping Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Public Administration Commons, and the Sociology Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Helene M. Topping has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Gloria Billingsley, Committee Chairperson, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Jennifer Grimes, Committee Member, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Joseph Pascarella, University Reviewer, Criminal Justice Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2021 Abstract The Implementation of David’s Law to Address Cyberbullying in Texas Public School Districts by Helene M. Topping MS, Capitol College, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University May 2021 Abstract Since the advent of the internet and the proliferation of social media in recent decades, a new form of bullying, cyberbullying, has emerged with serious repercussions for the physical and mental health of many persons, especially youth. In response, legislation was passed in all 50 states, including Texas, where the mandate to address all bullying, including cyberbullying, behaviors in schools was formalized by David’s Law in 2017. This law requires that policy and procedures be put in place in Texas public school districts. The problem is that it has not been determined whether David’s Law has been implemented in all schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of compliance with David’s Law in Texas public school districts. The theoretical framework of this study was the theory of authoritative school climate, the direct descendant of Baumrind’s theory of authoritative parenting. The key research questions sought to determine, for each school district, how many of the requirements of David’s Law were met, whether there was a relationship between compliance and factors such as school size, as well as lack of compliance and variables such as limited funding. The research design was nonexperimental and quantitative, using data obtained from a homogenous convenience sampling survey of Texas public school district teachers. The data were transformed into frequencies and simple linear regressions. The key finding was that David’s Law was implemented in a significant number of Texas public school districts and had reduced bullying behaviors, including cyberbullying. Positive social change that may result is the enhanced safety of Texas students, which could result in improved well- being and academic performance. The Implementation of David’s Law to Address Cyberbullying in Texas Public School Districts by Helene M. Topping MS, Capitol College, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University May 2021 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my loving husband of 53 years, George, who has always been my best friend and strongest supporter. I also want to thank my children, Michelle, Paul, Annette, and Nicole who have lovingly helped me with any and all challenges I have faced as I embarked on my doctoral journey. Lastly, all 9 of my wonderful grandchildren have been so inspiring. I love you all. Acknowledgement I cannot express strongly enough my respect and gratitude for my chair, Dr. Gloria Billingsley. Her subject-matter expertise and consistently positive attitude were invaluable. Without her constant encouragement and morale-building, I doubt I could have made it to this point. Also, I wish to thank Dr. Jennifer Grimes for her helpful suggestions and support. Thanks also to Dr. Pascarella, my URR committee member for his helpful feedback. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................4 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................7 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................9 Research Questions and Hypotheses ...........................................................................10 Theoretical Framework for the Study ..........................................................................12 Nature of the Study ......................................................................................................17 Definitions....................................................................................................................19 Assumptions .................................................................................................................21 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................22 Limitations ...................................................................................................................28 Significance..................................................................................................................29 Summary ......................................................................................................................31 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................33 Introduction ..................................................................................................................33 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................35 Definition of Cyberbullying .........................................................................................36 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................37 i Authoritative School Climate ............................................................................... 38 Studies of Authoritative School Climate .............................................................. 44 History of Cyberbullying .............................................................................................47 Early Cyberbullying Opposition ........................................................................... 49 Smartphones .......................................................................................................... 51 Sexting .................................................................................................................. 53 Texting .................................................................................................................. 54 Characteristics of Cyberbullying .................................................................................56 Worldwide Phenomenon ....................................................................................... 57 Victims are Young and Vulnerable ....................................................................... 61 Reasons for Cyberbullying ..........................................................................................63 Consequences of Cyberbullying ..................................................................................64 Texas Incidents of Cyberbullying ................................................................................69 Federal Government, Public Policy, and School Safety ..............................................70 Federal Cyberbullying Legislation ....................................................................... 72 State Cyberbullying Legislation ..................................................................................75 Texas Cyberbullying Legislation .......................................................................... 78 State Support for David’s Law ............................................................................. 83 Cyberbullying Programs ..............................................................................................84 Texas Regions to Be Surveyed ....................................................................................88 Central Texas .......................................................................................................
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