Federal Republic of Germany Antarctic Treaty

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

ANTARCTIC TREATY

EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION UNDER ARTICLES III (1) AND VII (5) FOR 2005 – 2006

Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Berlin

October 2005

1. PRE-SEASON INFORMATION (01 October 2005 – 30 September 2006) ...... 2 1.1 Operational Information ...... 2 1.1.1 National Expeditions ...... 2 1.1.2 Non-governmental expeditions ...... 9 1.2 Visits to protected Areas...... 16 2. ANNUAL REPORT (01 October 2004 – 30 September 2005)...... 17 2.1 Scientific Information ...... 17 2.1.1 Forward Plans ...... 17 2.1.2 Science Activities in the previous year (01 October 2004 – 30 September 2005) ...... 17 2.2 Operational Information ...... 29 2.2.1 National Expeditions ...... 29 2.2.2 Non-governmental expeditions……………………………………………………………………………..48 2.3 Permit information...... 57 2.3.1 Visits to Protected Areas...... 57 2.3.2 Taking and harmful interference with flora and fauna...... 57 2.3.3 Introduction of non-native species ...... 57 2.4 Environmental Information...... 57 2.4.1 Compliance with the Protocol ...... 57 2.4.2 List of IEEs and CEEs...... 57 2.4.3 Monitoring activities report ...... 58 2.4.4 Waste Management Plans...... 58 2.5 Relevant national legislation...... 58 2.6 Other information ...... 58 2.6.1 Inspection reports...... 58 2.6.2 Notice of Activities undertaken in Case of Emergencies ...... 58 3. PERMANENT INFORMATION...... 60 3.1 Science Facilities ...... 60 3.1.1 Automatic Recording Stations and Observatories ...... 60 3.1.2 Scientific equipment...... 63 3.2 Operational Information ...... 66 3.3 Waste Management Plans...... 71 3.4 Contingency Plans...... 72 3.5 Inventory of Past Activities...... 72 3.6 Relevant National Legislation ...... 72

1 1. PRE-SEASON INFORMATION (01 October 2005 – 30 September 2006)

1.1 Operational Information

1.1.1 National Expeditions

The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) coordinates German Antarctic activities. The following German institutions perform Antarctic expeditions as well as operation of stations:

National institutions activities planned in 2005/06

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) yes

German Aerospace Center (DLR) yes

Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) yes

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) yes

Universities yes

Antarctic activities planned in co-operation with other national operators yes

A. Stations

Planned summer and winter operation from 01 October 2005 until 30 September 2006

Station Position Max. Population Medical Remarks support Neumayer Station 70°39' S Winter: 9 Yes Permanently occupied. 08°15' W Summer: up to Science: observatories for Operated by AWI. 45 meteorology, air chemistry, geophysics. Logistics: aircraft missions and surface traverses.

Officers in charge at Neumayer Station: Station leader: Wolfgang Meyer (AWI, physician) until January 2006, Maja Petzel (AWI, physician until January 2006. Logistic co-ordinator: Jürgen Janneck (AWI, technician) for season 2005/2006.

Station Position Max. Population Medical Remarks support German Antarctic 63°19' S up to 20 for 2 At O`Higgins Occupied during campaigns in winter Receiving Station 57°54' W campaigns Station and summer. (GARS) Science: satellite data acquisition, Annex station to VLBI and GPS measurements. General Bernardo Planned campaigns: O'Higgins (Chile). Technical support for ESAT Operated by DLR in ERS 2 LR/HR Data Acquisition co-operation with VLBI 2005/2006 INACH (Chile).

Officers in charge at GARS: Director of GARS: Klaus-Dieter Reiniger (engineer) DLR / DFD-BI Head of campaign(s): Alfons Zimmer (scientist) DLR / DFD-BI Werner Ziegltrum (engineer) DLR / DFD-BI

2 Planned summer operation only

Station Position Max. Population Medical Remarks support Kohnen Station 75°00' S Up to 28 Yes 05 November 2005 – 07 February 2006, 00°04‘ E operated by AWI. Science: deep ice coring in the frame of EPICA.

Officers in charge at Kohnen Station: Station operator: Cord Drücker (AWI, technician) Sepp Kipfstuhl (AWI, scientist)

Station Position Max. Population Medical Remarks support Dallmann Laboratory 62°14' S Up to 14 At Jubany 01 October 2005 – 31 March 2006 Annex station to 58°40' W Station Science: Jubany Station (1) Antarctic benthic ciliates, (Argentina). morphology, taxonomy, ecology Operated by AWI (University of Bonn, Prof. Norbert and DNA/IAA. Wilbert) (2) Physiological examination of Antartic fish species and the limpet Nacella concinna (AWI, Doris Abele) (3) Comparative taxonomic, cytological studies on snow algae and higher plants from Antarctic, Arctic and Mideuropean environments (Fraunhofer-IBMT, Berlin, Dr. Thomas Leya)

Officers in charge at Dallmann Laboratory: Station leader: Doris Abele (AWI, scientist) from 25 October 2005 to 25 November 2005 Katja Heise (AWI, scientist) from 25 November 2005 to 07 April 2006 Chief technician: Richard Steinmetz (AWI, technician) from 25 October 2005 to 18 December 2005

Planned field camps for season 2005/2006 Expedition GANOVEX IX (BGR): It is planned to build up a temporary base camp in the Edisto Inlet near Cape Hallett and several temporary satellite camps within the investigation area (North Viktoria Land).

Planned other activities: a) Planned Traverses (AWI)

Activitiy Period of operation Supply traverse Neumayer via Kottas to Kohnen 11 December 2005 – 20 December 2005 Supply traverse Kohnen via Kottas to Neumayer 15 January 2006 – 24 January 2006

Officer in charge: Chief technician: Jens Köhler (AWI, technician) b) Planned activities at other stations during season 2005/2006

Station Scheduled period German German Scientific activity

3 Location (Begin / End) participants officer in host nation charge Dumont d‘Urville 18 October 2005 1 scientist AWI Study about the diving 66°39'46"S, 140°00'05"E Dr. Plötz and foraging behaviour France 21 December 2005 of emperor penguins Mirny (66°33’S, 93° 01’E) 01.November 2005 1 scientist TU Dresden Observations with GPS Prof. Dietrich and geodetic surveys in 31.March 2006 order to determine precise positions of different stations Amundsen Scott Station November 2005 8 scientists DESY Operation of the Amanda 89°59'51"S, 139°16'22"E February 2006 Zeuthen Neutrino Telescope. USA Dr. Spiering Investigation of high energy cosmic neutrinos, University of search fort dark matter Dortmund and magnetic mono- Prof. Rhode poles, monitoring of the Galaxy for Supernova bursts. Start of the construction of IceCube, the successor of Amanda. Bellingshausen 28 November 2005- 5 scientists University of Project continuation from 62°11'47"S, 58°57'39"W Jena previous year: Russia 25 March 2006 Dr. Peter Risk assessment for the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. February 2006 1 scientist University of Project continuation from Jena previous year: February 2007 Dr. Peter Risk assessment for the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. January 2006 1 scientist University of Antarctic benthic ciliates, Bonn morphology, taxonomy, Prof. Wilbert ecology

Gondwana 27 October 2005 8 scientists BGR, The primary objectives of 74° 38’ S, 164°13’E Dr. W. Roland this BGR project are to 09 February 2006 5 logistics investigate the plate tectonic relations 6 air crew between transform faults (e.g. Balleny Fracture 2 media Zone and Tasman Fracture Zone) and continental structures in northern Victoria Land:

B. Ships

Planned operations for RV Polarstern: Country: Germany Operator: AWI/Reederei F. Laeisz GmbH Number of voyages: 6 legs

Leg ANT XXIII/2: Lazarev Sea Cape Town ETD: 19 November 2005

4 Neumayer ETA: 04 December 2005 ETD: 05 December 2005

Punta Arenas ETA: 12 January 06

Master: Uwe Pahl (Reederei F. Laeisz / shipping company) Cruise leader: Dr. Volker Strass (AWI) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 55 Activity: Krill, LAKRIS, Supply of Neumayer Station

Leg ANT XXIII/3: Drake Passage Punta Arenas ETD: 14 January 2006 Punta Arenas ETA: 08 February 2006

Master: Uwe Pahl (Reederei F. Laeisz / shipping company) Cruise leader: Christine Provost (IFREMER) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 55

Activity: Oceanography, Biology

Leg ANT XXIII/4: Amundsen Sea

Punta Arenas ETD: 10 February 2006

Dallmann-Laboratory ETA: 07 April 2006 ETD: 08 April 2006

Punta Arenas ETA: 11 April 2006

Master: Uwe Pahl (Reederei F. Laeisz / shipping company) Cruise leader: Dr. Karsten Gohl (AWI) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 55

Activity: Geosciences, Re-supply of Dallmann Laboratory.

Leg ANT XXIII/6: Lazarev Sea

Cape Town ETD: 17 June 2006 Cape Town ETA: 17 August 2006

Master: Uwe Pahl (Reederei F. Laeisz / shipping company) Cruise leader: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Bathmann (AWI) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 55

Activity: Krill, LAKRIS

Leg ANT XXIII/7: Weddell Sea

Cape Town ETD: 19 August 2006 Cape Town ETA: 19 October 2006

Master: Stefan Schwarze (Reederei F. Laeisz / shipping company) Cruise leader: Prof. Dr. Peter Lemke (AWI) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 55 5

Activity: Sea ice, Oceanography, CRYONWED

For further and actual information please see at http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/php/ResearchPlatform/Display.php?year=2006&name=polarstern&type=ship

Planned co-operation with other vessels of other national operators and NGOs during season 2005/2006:

RV S.A. Agulhas (South Africa, SANAP) Transport of cargo and personnel for transport from Atka Bay to Cape Town

RV Astrolabe (France, IPEV)

Transport of personnel (1 scientist) and cargo (150 kg) for Dumont d´ Urville for AWI

Transport of personnel and cargo for Ganovex IX expedition from Gondwana via Dumont d´ Urville to Hobart

V Irizar (Argentina, DNA/IAA)

Transport of cargo (10 tons) to the Dallmann-Laboratory in co-operation with DNA

RV Italica (Italy)

Transport of personnel and helicopters for the expedition (Ganovex IX) from Antarctica to mainland

MV NN (Uruguay, IAU) Transport of cargo from Montevideo to Dallmann-Laboratory

RV Akademik Fedorov (Russia) Transport of 1 scientics to Mirny

MV Hanseatic (Germany, NGO)

Transport of personnel (4 scientists) to Dallmann Laboratory and back to the mainland

MV NN (Germany) Re-supply of Neumayer Station at the begin of February, transport of cargo and personnel from Atka Bay to Cape Town

C. Aircraft

Planned aircraft missions with Do228-101 (operated by AWI)

One Dornier Do228-101 aircraft Polar 2 (DAWI) will be used for scientific and logistic flight missions.

Chief pilot: Hans-Jürgen Berns (DLR) Chief technician: Alexander Wolf (DLR) Chief scientist: Daniel Steinhage (AWI)

Crew: 2 pilots, 2 technicians Scientific staff: 3 scientists Mission schedule: Ferry flight southbound: 1 aircraft Do228-101 (Polar2) Route: Punta Arenas – Rothera – Halley – Neumayer

departure in Germany: 30/11/2005 estimated arrival at Neumayer: 16/12/2005 estimated begin of logistic flights: 17/11/2005 estimated begin of aerogeophysical flights: 21/12/2005 estimated end of aerogeophysical flights: 05/02/2006 6 estimated end of logistic flights: 12/02/2006 estimated departure from Neumayer 13/02/2006 estimated arrival in Germany 01/03/2006

The aircraft will operate from Neumayer (German wintering base), Kohnen (German summer base), Novolazarevskaya (Russian wintering base), and S17/Syowa (Japanese summer camp). Logistic flights are scheduled from 17 November 2005 until 12 February 2005 between Neumayer, Kohnen (Germany), Novo Airbase (Russia), and S17/Syowa of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE).

Flight hours: 122 h (science) 28 h (logistics) 130 h (positioning from Germany to Neumayer Station and back)

Planned flight activities with helicopters

RSV Polarstern Two helicopters (MBB BO105 CBS5) operated by HeliTransAir, will support the expeditions during legs ANT XXII/2 and ANTXXIII/4–7.

ANT XXIII/2 Chief pilot: Jürgen Büchner Chief technician: Jens Breuer Planned flight hours: 150

ANT XXIII/4 Chief pilot: Uwe Lahrmann Chief technician: Oliver Feldt Planned flight hours: 220

ANT XXIII/6 Chief pilot: Markus Federowitz Chief technician: Marc Johnson Planned flight hours: 80

ANT XXIII/7 Chief pilot: Jürgen Büchner Chief technician: Micael Stimac Planned flight hours: 150

For further information please contact: http://www.helitransair.com

Ganovex IX

The expedition GANOVEX IX, organized by BGR, will be supported by one Twin Otter (DHC-6), operated by Kenn Borek Air Ltd. and two helicopters (AS350B), operated by Helicopters (NZ) Ltd.

Twin Otter (DHC-6) Chief pilot: NN Chief technician: NN Planned flight hours: 260

Helicopter (AS350B) Chief pilot: NN Chief technician: NN Planned flight hours: 250

For further information please contact: http://www.borekair.com or http://www.helicopters.net.nz

Dallmann-Laboratory

One helicopter (MBB BO105 CB), operated by DAP Antarctica Ltda, will support the expedition for transport of cargo and personnel.

7 Helicopter (MBB BO 105 CB) Chief pilot: NN Chief technician: NN Planed flight hours: 10

For further information please contact: http://www.aeroviasdap.cl/

Planned activities using Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN)

Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN) provides intercontinental flights to/from Antarctica and feeder flights within Dronning Maud Land to any member country of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP) in science related activities, including logistics. DROMLAN has been established as an international project by Belgium, Finland, Germany, India, Japan, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, and UK. Novo Airbase is operated by Russian Antarctic Expedition (for details see AFIM). Aircraft IL-76TD will be operated by Antarctic Logistics Centre International (ALCI) as the logistic operator of the Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE). DROMLAN national operators have concluded transport contracts with INTAARI/ALCI for their activities. For season 05/06 altogether 7 intercontinental flights are scheduled in order to carry personnel and cargo for AWI (Germany), FIMR (Finland), NP (Norway), SPRS (Sweden), NIPR (Japan), NCAOR (India), and RAE (Russia) from Cape Town via Novo Airbase.

Flight Date number Route For Novo For Cape Town AWI- pax/cargo AWI-pax/cargo 03 - 05 November 2005 IL 22 CPT - Novo - CPT 11 / 3800 kg 0 10 - 12 November 2005 IL 23 CPT - Novo - CPT 17 / 4000 kg 0 25 – 28 November 2005 IL 24 CPT - Novo - CPT 26 /1380 kg 0 02 – 04 February 2006 IL 25 CPT - Novo - CPT 0 31 /1700 kg 11 – 13 February 2006 IL 26 CPT - Novo - CPT 0 19/ 680 kg

02 – 06 January 2006 C-130 CPT - Troll - CPT 10 / 200 kg 17 / 200 kg

Feeder flights (logistics) will be performed by BT-67 and AN-2 aircraft to various stations and summer camps in Dronning Maud Land. These flights are performed in cooperation between RAE, AWI and ALCI. For Germany 28 scientists and technicians with about 7,2 tons of cargo will be transported to Kohnen Station and 38 scientists and technicians with about 2,2 tons of cargo to Neumayer.

Planned air transport between Punta Arenas and Teniente Marsh Station

Transport of personnel and cargo to Dallmann-Laboratory/Jubany will be done in co-operation with the Instituto Antarctico Uruguayo, Instituto Antarctico Chileno. These flights will be performed with a C-130 aircraft operated by the Uruguayan and Chilean air force between Punta Arenas (PA) and the airfield at Teniente Marsh. ALCI will operated with an BT-67 from Punta Arenas to Teniente Marsh.

Date Nation Route For Frei For Punta Arenas Pax / cargo Pax / cargo 24 – 29 October 2005 Chile PA – Frei – PA 5 / 1000 kg 0 21 – 26 November 2005 Chile PA – Frei – PA 3 1 05 – 10 December 2005 Chile PA – Frei – PA 3 2 01 – 03 December 2005 Uruguay PA – Frei – PA 200 kg 0 02 – 07 January 2006 Chile PA – Frei – PA 3 0 20 – 25 February 2006 Chile PA – Frei – PA 0 7 27 – 30 March 2006 Chile PA – Frei – PA 0 2

8 D. Science Rockets

None

E. Military

None

1.1.2 Non-governmental expeditions

A. Ship-based Operations

# 1 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Turismo SIM Ltd., Wolf Kloss, Calle Maragaño 168, P.O. Box 6, Puerto Williams, XII Region, Chile Name of vessel S/Y SANTA MARIA Country of registry of vessel Chile Number of voyages 1 # of crew/pax 2/5 Port of departure to Antarctica Puerto Williams (Chile) Port of arrival from Antarctica Puerto Williams (Chile) Date of departure / arrival 10.01.05 / 05.02.05 Areas of operation A1 proposed landing sites and the planned dates at which these landings will take place: # Date Site Type of activity 1 16./17.01.06 Deception Island Zodiac landing 2 18.01.06 Enterprise Island Zodiac landing 3 19.01.06 Cuverville Island Zodiac landing 4 20.01.06 Paradise Bay Zodiac landing 5 21.01.06 Port Charcot Zodiac landing 6 22.01.06 Port Pleneau Zodiac landing 7 23.01.06 Argentine Islands Zodiac landing 8 24.01.06 Peterman Island Zodiac landing 9 25.01.06 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 10 26.01.06 Dorian Bay Zodiac landing 11 27.01.06 Melchior Islands Zodiac landing 12 28.01.06 Melchior Islands Zodiac landing

# 2 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Henk Boersma, P.O. Box 61, 9410 Ushuaia, Argentina Name of vessel S/Y SARAH W. VORWERK Country of registry of vessel Germany Number of voyages 2 # of crew/pax 2/8 Port of departure to Antarctica Ushuaia (Argentina) Port of arrival from Antarctica Ushuaia (Argentina) Date of departure / arrival 23.12.05 / 20.01.06, 27.01.05 / 21.02.05 Areas of operation A1 & A2

9 proposed landing sites and the planned dates at which these landings will take place:

VOR Date Site Type of activity 01/05 1 28.12.05 Melchior Islands Zodiac landing 2 30.12.05 Paradise Bay Zodiac landing 3 01.01.06 Damoy Point Zodiac landing 4 02.01.06 Peterman Island Zodiac landing 5 04.01.06 Vernadsky/ Argentine Zodiac landing Islands 6 06.01.06 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 7 08.01.06 Palmer Station Zodiac landing 8 12.01.06 Deception Island Zodiac landing 9 14.01.06 Hannah Point Zodiac landing

VOR Date Site Type of activity 02/05 1 31.01.06 Melchior Islands Zodiac landing 2 02.02.06 Paradise Bay Zodiac landing 3 04.02.06 Damoy Point Zodiac landing 4 06.02.06 Peterman Island Zodiac landing 5 09.02.06 Vernadsky/ Argentine Zodiac landing Islands 6 11.02.06 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 7 12.02.06 Palmer Station Zodiac landing 8 15.02.06 Deception Island Zodiac landing

# 3 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Hapag-Lloyd Kreuzfahrten GmbH, Ballindamm 25, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany Name of vessel MV BREMEN Country of registry of vessel Nassau/Bahamas No. 716244 Number of voyages 6 (BRE 0600 to BRE 0605) Max. # of staff/crew/pax BRE0600: 12/94/164 BRE0601: 12/94/164 BRE0602: 12/94/164 BRE0603: 12/94/164 BRE0604: 12/94/164 BRE0605: 12/94/164 Port of departure to Antarctica BRE0600: Buenos Aires (Argentina) BRE0601 to BRE0605: Ushuaia (Argentina) Port of arrival from Antarctica BRE0600 to BRE0604: Ushuaia (Argentina) BRE0605: Cape Town (South Africa) Date of departure / arrival BRE0600: 16.12.05 / 03.01.06 BRE0601: 03.01.06 / 16.01.06 BRE0602: 16.01.06 / 29.01.06 BRE0603: 29.01.06 / 12.02.06

10 BRE0604: 12.02.06 / 02.03.06 BRE0605: 02.03.06 / 23.03.06 Areas of operation A1, A2 & A3 proposed landing sites and the planned dates at which these landings will take place:

Time # Date of day Location Site Type of activity Updated pattern of data entry presently used as of 27.06.05 BRE 0600 1 28.12.05 A.m. South Station visit Orkney Islands Signy Station 2 29.12.05 P.m. Elephant Zodiac landing Island Cape Lookout (LOOK) 3 30.12.05 A.m. Deception Zodiac landing, visit Island Whalers Bay (WHAL) of old whaling station 4 31.12.05 A.m. SW Antarctic Petermann Island Zodiac landing Peninsula (PETE) 5 31.12.05 P.m. NW Antarctic Melchior Islands Zodiac cruising Peninsula (MELC) BRE 0601 1 05.01.06 P.m. Elephant Zodiac landing Island Cape Lookout (LOOK) 2 06.01.06 A.m. SH South Zodiac landing Shetland Isl. Penguin Island (PENG) 3 06.01.06 P.m. King George Arctowski Station Zodiac landing, Is. Vicinity (ARCT) station visit 4 07.01.06 A.m. NE Antarctic Zodiac landing Peninsula Paulet Island (PAUL) 5 07.01.06 P.m. NE Antarctic Zodiac landing, Peninsula Brown Bluff (BROW) cruising 6 07.01.06 P.m. Hope Bay Station visit (HOPE) Esperanza 7 08.01.06 P.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising, Bay (ALMI) Hiking to the summit 8 09.01.06 A.m. Wiencke Zodiac landing, Island Port Lockroy (LOCK) visiting museum 9 09.01.06 P.m. SW Antarctic Petermann Island Zodiac landing Peninsula (PETE) 10 10.01.06 A.m. Wiencke Zodiac landing Island Jougla Point 11 10.01.06 P.m. Anvers Zodiac landing, Island Palmer Station station visit 12 11.01.06 A.m. NW Antarctic Melchior Islands Zodiac landing Peninsula (MELC) 13 11.01.06 P.m. Andvord Bay Neko Harbour (NEKO) Zodiac landing 14 12.01.06 A.m. NW Antarctic Astrolabe Island Zodiac landing Peninsula (ASTR) 15 13.01.06 A.m. Deception Zodiac landing, visit Island Whalers Bay (WHAL) old whaling station 16 13.01.06 P.m. South Aitcho Island (AITC) Zodiac landing 11 Shetland Islands BRE 0602 1 18.01.06 P.m. Elephant Zodiac cruising Island Point Wild (WILD) 2 19.01.06 A.m. Elephant Zodiac landing Island Cape Lookout (LOOK) 3 19.01.06 P.m. NE Antarctic Zodiac landing Peninsula Paulet Island (PAUL) 4 20.01.06 P.m. NE Antarctic Zodiac landing Peninsula Devil Island (DEVI) 5 20.01.06 P.m. NE Antarctic Zodiac landing Peninsula Emperor Point 6 21.01.06 A.m. NE Antarctic Snow Hill Island Zodiac landing Peninsula (SNOW) 7 22.01.06 A.m. SH South Zodiac landing Shetland Isl. Penguin Island (PENG) 8 22.01.06 P.m. NW Antarctic Zodiac landing Peninsula Gourdin Island (GOUR) 23.01.06 A.m. NW Antarctic Astrolabe Island Zodiac landing Peninsula (ASTR) 9 23.01.06 P.m. Andvord Bay Neko Harbour (NEKO) Zodiac landing 10 24.01.06 A.m. South Zodiac landing Shetlands Cuverville (CUVE) 11 24.01.06 P.m. SW Antarctic Petermann Island Zodiac cruising Peninsula (PETE) 12 25.01.06 A.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising, Bay (ALMI) Hiking to the summit 13 25.01.06 P.m. Wienke Zodiac landing, Island Port Lockroy (LOCK) visiting museum 14 26.01.06 A.m. Anvers Zodiac landing, Island Palmer Station station visit 15 26.01.06 P.m. Deception Zodiac landing, visit Island Whalers Bay (WHAL) old whaling station Livingston Zodiac landing Island Hannah Point (HANN) BRE 0603 1 04.02.06 A.m. SH South Zodiac landing Shetland Isl. Penguin Island (PENG) 2 04.02.06 P.m. Hope Bay Station visit (HOPE) Esperanza 3 05.02.06 A.m. South Zodiac landing Shetlands Aitcho Island (AITC) 4 05.02.06 P.m. South Half Moon Island Zodiac landing Shetlands (HALF) 5 06.02.06 A.m. Livingston Hannah Point (HANN) Zodiac landing Island 6 06.02.06 P.m. Deception Whalers Bay (WHAL) Zodiac landing, visit Island of the old whaling station 7 07.02.06 A.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac landing Bay (ALMI) 8 07.02.06 P.m. Petermann three potential landing Zodiac landing Island sites (PETE) 9 08.02.06 A.m. Detaille BAS Hut Zodiac landing Island 12 (DETA) 10 08.02.06 A.m. Wienke Zodiac landing, Island Port Lockroy (LOCK) visiting museum 11 09.02.06 P.m. NW Antarctic Melchior Islands Zodiac landing Peninsula (MELC) BRE 0604 1 South Zodiac landing, Orkney Orcadas Station station visit 22.02.06 A.m. Islands (ORCA) 2 Elephant Zodiac landing 23.02.06 P.m. Island Point Wild (WILD) 3 NE Antarctic Zodiac landing 24.02.06 A.m. Peninsula Paulet Island (PAUL) Hope Bay Zodiac landing, 24.02.06 P.m. (HOPE) Esperanza station visit 5 Livingston Zodiac landing 25.02.06 A.m. Island Hannah Point (HANN) 6 Deception Zodiac landing, visit 25.02.06 P.m. Island Whalers Bay (WHAL) old whaling station 7 Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac landing 26.02.06 A.m. Bay (ALMI) 8 SW Antarctic Petermann Island Zodiac landing 26.02.06 P.m. Peninsula (PETE) 9 Wienke Zodiac landing, 27.02.06 A.m. Island Port Lockroy (LOCK) visiting museum 10 NW Antarctic Melchior Islands Zodiac landing 27.02.06 P.m. Peninsula (MELC) BRE 0605 1 NW Antarctic Melchior Islands Zodiac landing 05.03.06 A.m. Peninsula (MELC) 2 Wienke Zodiac landing, 05.03.06 P.m. Island Port Lockroy (LOCK) visiting museum 3 SW Antarctic Petermann Island Zodiac landing 06.03.06 A.m. Peninsula (PETE) 4 Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac landing 06.03.06 P.m. Bay (ALMI) 5 Deception Zodiac landing 07.03.06 A.m. Island Whalers Bay (WHAL) 6 Elephant Zodiac landing 08.03.06 A.m. Island Cape Lookout (LOOK)

13 HAN0601 to HAN0604: Ushuaia (Argentina) Port of arrival from Antarctica HAN0600 to HAN 0604: Ushuaia (Argentina) Date of departure and arrival HAN0600: 14.12.05, 05.01.06 HAN0601: 05.01.06, 21.01.06 HAN0602: 21.01.06, 04.02.06 HAN0603: 04.02.06, 22.02.06 HAN0604: 22.02.06, 03.03.06 Areas of operation A1, A2 & A3 proposed landing sites and the planned dates at which these landings will take place:

# Date Time Site of day Location Type of activity HAN Updated pattern 0600 of entry presently used as of 27.06.05 1 South Orkney Orcadas Station 30.12.05 A.m. Islands (ORCA) Zodiac landing, station visit 2 Cape Lookout 31.12.05 P.m. Elephant Island (LOOK) Zodiac landing 3 NE Antarctic Paulet Island Zodiac landing 01.01.06 A.m. Peninsula (PAUL) 4 NE Antarctic Brown Bluff Zodiac landing & cruising 01.01.06 P.m. Peninsula (BROW) 5 Deception Whalers Bay Zodiac landing, visit of the 02.01.06 A.m. Island (WHAL) old whaling station 6 02.01.06 Livingston Hannah Point Zodiac landing P.m. Island (HANN) HAN 0601 1 Aitcho Island Zodiac landing 08.01.06 A.m. South Shetlands (AITC) 2 Half Moon Island Zodiac landing 08.01.06 P.m. South Shetlands (HALF) 3 Cuverville Zodiac landing 09.01.06 A.m. South Shetlands (CUVE) 4 Almirante Brown Hiking to the summit, 09.01.06 P.m. Paradise Bay (ALMI) zodiac cruising 5 09.01.06 P.m. Paradise Bay Ganzales Videla Zodiac landing, station visit 6 SW Antarctic Petermann Zodiac landing 10.01.06 A.m. Pensinsula Island (PETE) 7 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 10.01.06 P.m. Wiencke Island (LOCK) 8 Deception Whalers Bay Zodiac landing, visit of the 11.01.06 A.m. Island (WHAL) old whaling station 9 Livingston Hannah Point Zodiac landing 11.01.06 P.m. Island (HANN) 10 NE Antarctic Paulet Island Zodiac landing 12.01.06 A.m. Peninsula (PAUL) 11 NE Antarctic Devil Island Zodiac landing 12.01.06 P.m. Peninsula (DEVI) 12 King George Zodiac landing, station visit 13.01.06 A.m. island Jubani (JUBA)

14 13 SH South Penguinn Island Zodiac landing 13.01.06 P.m. Shetland Isl. (PENG) 14 Cape Lookout Zodiac landing 14.01.06 A.m. Elephant Island (LOOK) 15 South Orkney Orcadas Station Zodiac landing, station visit 15.01.06 P.m. Islands (ORCA) HAN 0602 1 Point Wild Zodiac cruising 26.01.06 P.m. Elephant Island (WILD) 2 Livingston Hannah Point Zodiac landing 27.01.06 A.m. Island (HANN) 3 Deception Whalers Bay Zodiac landing, Visit of the 27.01.06 P.m. Island (WHAL) old whaling station 4 Cuverville 28.01.06 A.m. South Shetlands (CUVE) 5 Almirante Brown Zodiac landing & cruising 28.01.06 P.m. Paradise Bay (ALMI) 6 SW Antarctic Petermann Zodiac landing 29.01.06 A.m. Peninsula Island 7 SW Antarctic Vernaddsky Zodiac landing, station visit 29.01.06 P.m. Peninsula (VERN) 8 SW Antarctic Detail Island Zodiac landing 30.01.06 A.m. Peninsula (DETA) 9 SW Antarctic Prospect Point Zodiac landing 31.01.06 A.m. Peninsula (PROS) 10 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 01.02.06 A.m. Wiencke Island (LOCK 11 NW Antarctic Melchior Islands Zodiac cruising 01.02.06 P.m. Peninsula MELC) HAN 0603 1 South Orkney Orcadas (ORCA) Zodiac landing, station visit 14.02.06 A.m. Islands or Signy 2 Cape Lookout Zodiac landing 15.02.06 P.m. Elephant Island (LOOK) 3 Aitcho Island Zodiac landing 16.02.06 A.m. South Shetlands (AITC) 4 16.02.06 Deception Whalers Bay Zodiac landing, visit of the P.m. Island (WHAL) old whaling station 5 16.02.06 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols P.m. (PEND) 6 SW Antarctic Petermann Zodiac landing 17.02.06 A.m. Peninsula Island (PETE) 7 SW Antarctic Vernadsky Base Zodiac landing, station visit 17.02.06 P.m. Peninsula (VERN) 8 SW Antarctic Polar Circle / BAS Station, Zodiac 18.02.06 A.m. Peninsula Crystal Sound landing 9 Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising 19.02.06 A.m. Paradiese Bay (ALMI) 10 Cuverville Zodiac landing 19.02.06 P.m. South Shetlands (CUVE) HAN 0604 1 Livingston Hannah Point Zodiac landing 24.02.06 P.m. Island (HANN) 2 Almirantw Brown Zodiac cruising, Hiking to 25.03.06 A.m. Paradise Bay (ALMI) the summit 3 25.03.06 P.m. SW Antarctic Petermann Zodiac landing 15 Peninsula Island (PETE) 4 Deception Whalers Bay Zodiac landing, visit of the 26.02.06 A.m. Island (WHAL) old whaling station 5 Deception Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols 26.02.06 A.m. Island (PEND) 6 Devil Island Zodiac landing & cruising 27.02.06 A.m. Weddell See (DEVI) 7 Snow Hill Island Zodiac landing & cruising 27.02.06 P.m. Weddell See (SNOW) 8 Cape Lockout Zodiac landing 28.02.06 A.m. Elephant Island (LOCK) 9 Point Wild Zodiac cruising 28.02.06 P.m. Elephant Island (WILD)

B. Land-based Operation

None

1.2 Visits to protected Areas

From January to March 2006 daily visits will be done by Mrs. Anja Nordt and Matthias Kopp (both University of Jena) to the breeding colonies in the ASPA N° 132 / SSSI N° 13.

Protected Area: Potter Cove ASPA No. 132 Number of people: 4 Date/period: between 1 October 05 and 30 April 06 Purpose: Land based and diving investigation Title: Physiological examination of Antartic fish species and the limpet Nacella concinna (AWI)

16 2. ANNUAL REPORT (01 October 2004 – 30 September 2005)

2.1 Scientific Information

2.1.1 Forward Plans

Germany as one of the consultative parties since 1981 maintains its long-term commitment of scientific research in Antarctica. The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) as the national coordinator enables Germany to maintain this role from its research and long-term monitoring and survey activities. In addition to AWI, the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) undertake long-term survey and remote sensing activities in Antarctica. The DFG Priority Program “Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in ice covered Arctic regions” supports antarctic research projects of German universities. Scientific activities will also be coordinated with other national programs.

AWI provides the main infrastructure for research, maintains the permanent German presence in Antarctica, and supports international objectives through collaborative scientific and logistic links with many other countries. AWI will keep mobile and stationary infrastructures not only in top condition but also adapt to ever changing requirements posed by new scientific experiments and field observations. As an important contribution for long-term scientific activities will be the replacement of Neumayer station by a new permanently occupied research station Neumayer III being built until 2008/2009 season. In parallel efforts will be continued to further develop logistic infrastructure in the frame of international collaboration. As a priority the international project Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN) will be supported by AWI in order to maintain and further improve an intercontinental air-link from Cape Town into Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica.

2.1.2 Science Activities in the previous year (01 October 2004 – 30 September 2005)

The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) coordinated all German Antarctic activities. The following German institutions performed in the frame of their research programs Antarctic expeditions as well as operated stations or camps in Antarctica:

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)

German Aerospace Centre (DLR)

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR)

Further Antarctic activities were performed in co-operation with other national operators.

(a) Ship operations

Detailed reports on RV Polarstern expeditions leg ANT XXII/2 – ANT XXII/4 are availableat: http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/php/ResearchPlatform/Display.php?year=2005&name=polarstern&type=ship

RV Polarstern - leg ANT XXII/2 (AWI): Weddell Sea

Scientific Leader: Dr. Spindler, [email protected]

Period: 06 November 2004 Cape Town 19 January 2005 Cape Town

Scientific activities report:

The main goal of this project is to improve our understanding on the role of the early summer atmosphere-ice- ocean interactions in the western Weddell Sea in global processes. It is an interdisciplinary study involving oceanographers, glaciologists, biologists, and meteorologists. The western Weddell Sea is unique among 17 Antarctic sea ice regions, as it comprises the largest perennial ice zone of the Southern Ocean and thus exerts a major influence on the oceanography, meteorology and ecology in this region. The results are expected to provide answers to the following questions: • What controls ice survival during the summer, and how does this affect the perennial ice cover on longer time scales? • What is the role of the perennial ice region for the fresh water budget of the Weddell Sea? • What are the hydrological conditions on the western continental shelf (supposed to be the prime site for deep and bottom water formation) after completion of the freezing season? • How are primary production in sea ice and phytoplankton as well as krill distribution affected by the sea ice regime in the Weddell Sea?

• To provide a comprehensive data set of the entire system, in support of the development of numerical models and as ground-truth information for satellite remote sensing studies. • To investigate physical, biogeochemical and biological processes controlling the transformation and interactions in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system from austral spring to summer. Main focus of the project is the sea ice system with emphasis on the study of processes as a function of meteorological and oceanographic boundary conditions. • To determine the post-freeze hydrographic conditions on the western Weddell Sea continental shelf related to deep and bottom water formation. • To complement sea-ice and oceanographic observations and process studies performed during the US/Russian Ice Station Weddell (ISW-1), carried out in the summer-to-fall period 1992. • To improve our understanding of the seasonal interaction between biota and sea ice

For further details, please look at http://www.ispol.de

Scientific equipment:

See Permanent Information, topic 3.1.2

RV Polarstern - leg ANT XXII/3 (AWI): Weddell Sea

Scientific Leader: Dr. Fahrbach, [email protected]

Period: 21 January 2005 Cape Town 06 April 2005 Punta Arenas

Scientific activities report:

The cruise addressed two main goals: 1. The better understanding of the role of the Southern Ocean in global climate variability (WECCON) 2. A contribution to the Census of the Diversity of the Abyssal Marine life (ANDEEP)

WECCON is a longer term programme which aims to investigate atmosphere-ice-ocean interaction processes which occur in the Weddell Sea. The objectives are to determine the variation in water mass properties in the Weddell gyre including the convective area north and west of Maud Rise and the effect of variations in the elements of the fresh water budget as sea ice transport and iceberg melt on the stability of the water column. The cruise is a contribution to the “Climate Variability and Predictability” (CLIVAR) and the “Climate and Cryosphere” (CliC) projects of the “World Climate Research Programme” (WCRP) and occurred in the framework of the German CLIVAR/marine-2 programme supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the AWI research programme MARCOPOLI.

ANDEEP is a contribution to the Census of the Diversity of the Abyssal Marine (CeDAMar) Its general objective is to document actual species diversity of abyssal plains as a basis for global-change research and for a better understanding of historical causes and ecological factors regulating biodiversity. In order to enhance the interpretability and comparability of results, CeDAMar is focussed on the relatively homogeneous, large-scale habitats of the abyssal plains with special attention to latitudinal gradients. CeDAMar intends to determine the number of species in the abyssal deep sea and to find out if cosmopolitan species are common in the deep sea. It is studied if there are endemic species in the abyss, if there are there latitudinal gradients in species richness and if the diversity of a given basin is similar to the diversity of basins in other oceans at similar latitudes. It is planned to determine if there is gene flow between distant abyssal communities of the same species and if there are biogeographic barriers for the distribution of abyssal fauna. 18 Scientific equipment:

• Recovery and deployment of moored instruments • Deployment of vertical profiling floats • CTD transects • XBTs transects • Thermosalinograph and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) • Deployment of iceberg transmitters • Agassiz trawl • Epibenthos sledge • Multicorer • Boxcorer • SPI (sediment profile imaging system) • Amphipod traps • Hydrosweep • Parasound.

See also Permanent Information, topic 3.1.2

RV Polarstern - Leg ANT XXII/4 (AWI): Scotia Sea

Scientific Leader: Dr. Schenke, [email protected]

Period: Punta Arenas 08 April 2005 Bahia Blanca 21 May 2005

Scientific activities report:

The scientific goals include following aspects: a) High precision survey in the central Scotia Sea High precision survey of the region 58°S, 45°W and 54°S, 42°W using the multibeam system HYDROSWEEP, the shipborne gravity meter and magnetometer and the sub-bottom profiler PARASOUND in order to study the seafloor topography and thesediment structure and the age of the upper crust in the central Scotia Sea. b) Marine geological sampling A marine geological sampling program in the survey area was performed in order to determine the structure and stratigraphy of sediments for climate reconstruction in the Scotia Sea. c) High precision GPS- Positioning The scientific research program of “Polarstern” included mainly measurements of parameters of the Earth’s potential field. This comprises the observation of shipborne gravity and magnetic data, airborne magnetic data and the seafloor topography. In order to determine and model a precise gravity field and subsequently a geoid in the region of systematic survey, high precision GPS positioning in kinematic mode is required. For this purpose GPS phase data in 1 sec. interval was recorded. d) Determination of plate tectonic parameters of the GAP Reference Station SIG1 The geodetic reference station SIG1 was established during the German Geodetic Antarctic Project (GAP) in 1995. A first repeat campaign was performed in 1998. The results of the horizontal movement were published in Dietrich et al. (2001), ITRF coordinates and plate velocities from repeated GPS- campaigns in Antarctica- an analysis based on different individual solutions, Journal of Geodesy, 74: 756- 766. Within the field campaign 2005 a third repeat observation after 10 years was performed. Goal is to determine recent plate movement parameters, based on a time span of 10 years. e) Operation of a land based magnetic reference station Continuous magnetic recording was performed on RV “Polarstern” during its areal survey in the central Scotia Sea, in connection with helicopter borne measurements. These magnetic observations are required to monitor the daily variations in the Earth’s magnetic field and to correct any random or systematic errors.

19 For this purpose a magnetometer was installed on Signy Island, the data were recorded on a laptop and downloaded on a regular base. They will be utilized for the adjustment and correction of the Helimag and shipborne data.

Scientific equipment:

The scientific equipment included a geodetic GPS receiver Type Trimble 4000 SST and the necessary recording and processing equipment (laptop) and a land magnetometer including data recording unit and power supply.

See also Permanent Information, topic 3.1.2

(b) Aircraft operations

Dornier aircraft Do228-101 (Polar 2 and Polar 4) (AWI)

Period: 02 November 2004 – 11 February 2005

departure in Germany: 02/11/2004 time of arrival at Neumayer: 20/11/2004 beginning of logistic flights: 24/11/2004 beginning of aerogeophysical flights: 16/12/2004 end of aerogeophysical flights: 06/01/2005 end of logistic flights: 23/01/2005 departure from Neumayer : 24/01/2005 arrival in Germany: 11/02/2005

Chief pilot: Weber, Philipp (DLR; Germany) scientific leader: Rack, Wolfgang (DLR, Germany)

Scientific goals:

In 2004/05 further aerogeophysical flights for the VISA project (Validation, Condensation and Interpretation of Satellite Data for Determining Magnetic Field, Gravity Field, Mass Balance and Structure of the Crust of Antarctica by Using Airborne and Ground Based Measurements) were carried out. The aircraft was equipped with gravitymeter, altimeter, GPS, magnetometer, and radio echo sounding system. These measurements will be used as ground truth measurements of CHAMP and GRACE satellite data as well as for mass balance studies and studies of the subglacial geology. The area of interest was located about 600 km south of the german wintering base Neumayer (see attached map).

Main scientific equipment: The scientific equipment of Polar2 consisted of a radio echo sounding device (EMR), a modified ships gravitymeter, a laser altimeter, 2 geodetic GPS receivers, and a magnetometer. On ground 2 GPS reference stations and 2 magnetic base stations had been operated.

See also Permanent Information, topic 3.1.2

Neumayer station (AWI)

Summer season: 06 November 2004 – 13 February 2005

Scientific activities reports:

Meteorological Observatory The meteorological observatory programme at Neumayer was continuously ongoing without any remarkable change or interruption throughout the whole period.

20 During the summer season the observatory acts as the central forecasting centre for the whole Dronning Maud Land. No additional scientific project was performed. The focus during the summer season 2004/05 was maintenance, extension of the equipment, and training as follows: • De-Installation of two ultra-sonic anemometers. After a one-year test these sensors turned out to be unable to replace the existing cup anemometers. • Reconfiguration of the satellite picture receiving station for NOAA and DMSP HRPT products (Sea- Space). Change from RS90 to RS-92 Vaisala radiosondes. • Further Improvement of the ventilating system of the thermometers. • Exchange of all radiation sensors with recently calibrated ones. • Training of the over winterer staff. • Preparation of the over wintering period 2005/2006.

Air Chemistry Observatory: During the summer campaign 2003/2004, activities at the Air Chemistry Observatory of Neumayer Station were focused on maintenance of the equipment, validation of the measured data, as well as practice of the new over-winterer. The novel experiment for sampling of ambient air in specially designed stainless steel container (volume: 2000 cm3 at 2.5 bar) was not installed because the principal investigator changed his position.

Geophysical observatory:

Seismology: The main task of seismological research at Neumayer Station is primarily the continuous monitoring of the local, regional, and global seismicity. The three seismological stations at Neumayer contribute substantially to the worldwide monitoring system because the global network is rather wide-meshed in the southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Onset times and arrival times of later arriving seismic phases of recorded earthquakes in the teleseismic distance range are determined on a daily schedule. These data are reported to the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), USA. Additionally, it is intended to operate an autonomous seismogical very broad band station at Kohnen Station. The investigation of the local and regional seismicity is a point of special interest. Antarctica is not that aseismic as it is generally believed. Monitoring this seismicity over many years revealed that certain regions exist which show a distinct seismic activity. However, the earthquakes occuring in these areas have very low magnitudes, too low to be recorded on a global scale. Therefore, the seismological network, especially the small aperture array at station VNA2, is very important for this research.

Geomagnetism: The geomagnetic field and its variations with time are recorded continuously. Absolute hourly means of the three field components and the total field intensity are reported on a monthly schedule to the World Data Center (WDC) in Copenhagen, Denmark. As in seismology, these recordings are very important because there are only a few continuously operating geomagnetic observatories in Antarctica. The results of these measuerments are incoporated into the calcualtion of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) which is performed by the WDC.

Others: To determine the amount of ice melting at the bottom of the Ekström Ice Shelf a thermistor chain, frozen into the ice, is monitored since 1993. To improve the ephemerides of the ERS-2 satellite a PRARE ground station is continuously operated at Neumayer Station.

Infrasound Array IS27DE (CTBT-network): According to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the IS27DE infrasound station is operated at the German “Neumayer” Antarctic Research base as one of 60 elements of the infrasound network of the International Monitoring System (IMS). Infrasound stations measure micropressure fluctuations in the atmosphere. Therefore they are mainly focussed on the monitoring of the compliance of the CTBT with respect to atmospheric nuclear explosions. The approximately uniform global distribution of the 60 stations ensures the ability to detect any atmospheric nuclear explosion of 1 kiloton TNT equivalent or more by at least two stations. Besides IS27DE, three other infrasound stations will be established along the coast of Antarctica. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) operates the German National Data Center (NDC) for the CTBT and is responsible for the operation of IS27DE, which will be carried out in close co-operation with the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI).

21 IS27DE is an infrasound array with nine array stations. Each station is equipped with a microbarometer and a data acquisition system. Meteorological sensors are installed at the central station. A wind-noise reducing pipe array is connected to each microbarometer. The distribution of the inlet ports to the microbarometer in a wide area ensures the suppression of the influence of wind-generated disturbances. The central array control system is installed in the seismo-acoustic observatory to power the stations and retrieve the recorded data. The infrasound data are transmitted continuously in near real time with a maximum delay of 5 minutes to the International Data Center (IDC) in Vienna, Austria, sharing the permanent satellite link between the Neumayer base and AWI. IS27DE is to be operated continuously with at least 98 % data availability over a year’s time, which is required for an IMS station. Routine maintenance of the array is a prerequisite to ensure the high reliability and is normally carried out every year during the Austral summer between December and February. During this period, the nine array elements have to be recovered from the snow and re-installed on the surface. The condition of the equipment has to be checked and software upgrades have to be installed.

Kohnen station

Summer season: no scientific work in season 2004/05

Traverses (AWI)

Last season only one traverse has been done to support the maintenance team at Kohnen station. On the way to Kohnen station the field party at Kottas was supplied. For further details please see 2.2. Operational information.

Dallmann Laboratory (AWI) - annex to Jubany station (Argentina)

Summer season: 17 October 2004 – 09 March 2005

Scientific activities report:

Last season six different projects, in charge of AWI, took part at the Dallmann-Laboratory: a.) Ecological and physiological investigations on the effect of UV radiation on the succession benthic primary producers in Antarctica/field and laboratory study b.) Sensitivity of macro algal spores and gametes to ultraviolet and photo synthetically active radiation/field and laboratory study c.) Effects of UV radiation on benthic diatoms/field and laboratory study d.) Physiological and biochemical acclimation of macro algae along abiotic stress gradients/field and laboratory study e.) Effects of variable environmental conditions on breeding, feeding and ecology of Wilson’s storm petrel/field study f.) South Polar Skua chick growth performance in relation to hatching date-timing of breeding or parental quality/field study Projects a, b, c and d deal with the effect of UV radiation on marine benthic primary producers. Project a focuses on the succession of macro algae in the field under ambient radiation and ambient radiation depleted of UV radiation both with and without herbivory in order to quantify the deleterious effects of UV radiation on macro algal communities during the establishment period by determination of biodiversity, abundance and biomass. The observed pattern has been related to the physiology of the settlement stages in project b. Project c has similar objectives as project a and b but with the focus on benthic diatoms. These are almost the first studies on the UV sensitivity and the general biology of these organisms. Project d has focused on the UV sensitivity of a variety of macro algal species along a depth gradient by determination of photosynthetic activity. So far only studies were made on cultures in the home laboratory and it was the aim of this study to investigate the performance of macro algae in the field. Projects e and f were focused on basic ecological questions such as the breeding, feeding and population ecology as well on the growth performance of two bird species Wilson’s Storm petrel and the South Polar Skua. Both studies are in continuation of previous studies performed on the same species

22 GARS O’Higgins (DLR) as annex to General Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile)

Activities in season 2004/2005

Campaign TF040901: 10 September 2004 – 31 December 2004 Campaign TF050103: 01 January 2005 – 21 February 2005 Station closed (presumed) 22 February 2005 – 21-September-2005

Scientific activities report: Support of scientific projects (like sea ice monitoring, Near Real T ime Examples of geo-coded ERS-2 SAR data glacier displacements etc.) with scale information gathered by remote sensing satellites from space. All data are processed by the D-PAF (processing and archiving facility) according to ESA standards and under ESA contract. The satellite data receiving facility is going to be extended to TT&C (Telemetry Tracking and Command) function in view of utilization for TerraSAR-X. Additional special support of individual projects can be arranged on request of national and international users, e.g. near real time delivery of geocoded SAR images to POLARSTERN for ISPOL. According to availability of new satellites the acquisition program Cluster Sensing Remote Applied was extended to further earth observation satellites (ERS-2, LANDSAT, NOAA, TERRA-Modis, CHAMP, BIRD) and is planned to be continue for ENVISAT and others.

Due to the present status of ERS2, DLR is requested by ESA to accomplish as well receiving and (pre-) processing the LBR-data sets. One of these sensors is GOME providing the measurement of the Ozon layer over Antarctica. Data provision is executed in near real time (platform is the “World Data Center for Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, http://wdc.dlr.de/ )

Geodetic observations for the maintenance of global geodetic reference frames, for monitoring Earth rotation, crustal movements and sea level changes.

The radio telescope is also employed for geodetic applications and research. It is a network station of the global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network, which is coordinated by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) in order to support the realization and maintenance of the global reference frames. Parameters to describe the celestial and terrestrial reference frame and the Earth rotation are derived by observing and recording signals from quasars simultaneously with other radio telescopes. Regular VLBI operations were started in January 1992. In addition two receivers are permanently established to observe satellites of the global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) as GPS and GLONASS. The receivers are respected as important stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS). The data are complementary to VLBI observations, providing precise positions with respect to the center of mass and the velocity. Additional sensors for observing sea level changes (tide-gauge sensors) and meteorology data are installed and continuously operated.

23 (d) Field parties and activities at other stations

Field Party: VISA validation campaign (AWI, TU Dresden)

Scientific leader: Mirko Scheinert, [email protected]

Period: 11 December – 02 February 2005

Area: Heimefrontfjella / western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Scientific activities report: Recent or upcoming satellite missions will provide new, homogeneous datasets for the determination of the gravity field and the magnetic field (CHAMP, GRACE) as well as for ice surface heights especially in the polar regions (ICESat, Cryosat). These satellite datasets shall be validated and densified in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. For this purpose, airborne as well as terrestrial observation campaigns should be carried out to provide appropriate datasets on height and height changes, gravity and gravity changes, magnetics, seismology and glaciology. In combination with the satellite data these measurements should be applied to yield more detailed models of the potential fields (gravity, magnetic field), of the crustal structure and lithosphere dynamics, and of the dynamics and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet in the working area. The VISA project forms a joint effort of TUD and AWI to follow the scientific goals adopted by the SCAR Standing Scientific Group on Geosciences and the SCAR Group of Specialists on Antarctic Neotectonics (ANTEC). The observation campaign 2004/05 took place in the region Heimefrontfjella / western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The observation campaign comprised field work on the ice sheet north-east of Kottas Camp (below the 2000 m height level) as well as the set-up of geodetic-geophysical observation stations on bedrock (GPS, seismometer).

Main scientific equipment and observations carried out

Geodetic GPS static observations on bedrock at sites (Heimefrontfjella and Kirwanveggen) kinematic observations using skidoos (Test Area Kottas) observations on ice (Test Area Kottas)

Seismology seismometer stations on bedrock (co-located with GPS on bedrock) long-term seismometer observations at Russian station Novolazarevskaya (starting at February 4, 2005)

Gravimetry Relative gravimetric observations on ice (Test Area Kottas)

EMR for radar sounding along tracks on ice, Test Area Kottas

Glaciological investigations drilling of shallow firn cores, digging of snow pits, Test Area Kottas

Field Party: Biological research on Antarctic seabirds, skuas, and Wilson’s storm petrels (University Jena)

Period: mid December 2004 – mid March 2005

Area: Potter Peninsula and Fildes Peninsula including Ardley Island, King George Island

Research platforms used: Dallmann Laboratory (Germany/Argentina) Bellingshausen Station (Russia) King Sejong Station (Korea) Escudero Station (Chile)

Scientific activities report: The project ‘risk assessment for the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island and the development of management plans for designation as Antarctic Specially Protected or Managed Areas’ was continued with its second field season (see also Information Paper 016 for ATCM28). A complete census of avian and mammal fauna is carried out. Central aim was an area-wide GPS-mapping of the vegetation. Furthermore, actual human 24 activities in their impacts (research, station constructional and logistic work, air and marine traffic) were assessed temporally and spatially. Especially visits to wildlife breeding and resting sites were documented (visitor numbers, status, temporal and spatial distribution, and diversity of activities). This includes impacts on vegetation by pedestrians and vehicles. To facilitate future management recommendations, station members were interviewed for their individual knowledge and perception of the environmental situation. The second part of the program (Ecology of Wilsons Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) and Skuas (Catharacta spec.) is the continuation of the long term population ecology program. The reproductive success of a sample of nests of Wilson’s storm-petrels has been followed now for nine breeding seasons. We started a constant-effort monitoring site with a work scheme designed to minimize disturbance and follow the reproductive effort and the identity of a sample of nests effectively. The chick growth in dependence of food availability was investigated.

The skua project was investigating the phylogeography of the southern skua complex and deepen our knowledge about processes in the hybrid zone between South Polar Skua and Brown Skua in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula. This first goal was sequencing the HVR I region of the mitochondrial D-Loop. The second aim was reached by following the chick growth in pairs of different pair assemblage at Fildes Peninsula. At Potter and Fildes Peninsula the distribution of skua nests were mapped, adults and chicks were banded, the breeding success of chicks were determined.

Station: Amundsen-Scott / Amanda/Ice cube Neutrino Telescopes

Period: November 11th 2004 – February 16th

National operator: Amundsen-Scott-Station USA NSF/Raytheon Services US Coordinator: Robert Morse University of Wisconsin Dept. of Physics 1150 University Ave. Madison WI 53706 USA [email protected]

National Science Foundation/Raython Services in co-operation with University of Wisconsin (USA).

German participating institutions: DESY Zeuthen University Wuppertal University Mainz University Dortmund

Scientific activities report:

Operation of the Amanda Neutrino Telescope. Investigation of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, search fort dark matter and magnetic monopoles, monitoring of the Galaxy for Supernova bursts. During the 2004/2005 season, the following tasks have been performed:

a) Set-Up of the full Enhanced Hot Water Drill (EHWD) b) Deployment of the first IceCube string and eight IceTop stations c) Commissioning of IceCube and IceTop d) Electronics upgrade of AMANDA-II e) Time and amplitude calibration of the Amanda-II neutrino telescope. f) Installation of a software trigger for better physics performance and in preparation of the later integration of Amanda into IceCube

25 Station: Artigas, Uruguay Glacier Volume Changes, velocity Fields amd Ice Mass Flux on the Antarctic Peninsula

Period: 05 December 2004 to 19 January 2005

National operator: Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Artigas Base University of Bonn and Münster

Scientific activities report:

Measurements of glacier surface velocities by repeat DGPS survey at 60 locations as reference for SAR interferometry and as input to a 3D ice cap model. Additional repeat mobile DGPS measurements on a 500m GRID on the Western part of the ice cap were performed for the determination of ice cap elevation and possible elevation changes since 1997/98.

Station: St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria Microbiological and sedimentological permafrost studies in an ice-free area on LivingstonIsland, Antarctic Peninsula

Period: 26 January till 01 March 2005

National operator: Bulgarian Antarctic Institute AWI

Scientific activities report:

In the scope of the expedition the evolution, ecology and survival of microbial communities under the extreme conditions in Antarctic periglacial regions will be studied. The main objectives are the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the microbial communities in time and space by cultivation-independent methods and the isolation and characterization of keystone organisms from different habitats for studying their physiology, adaptation strategies and survival under extreme environmental conditions. The acquired data will give insights into the early stage of life on Earth, the development of extreme habitats and the functioning of microbes within the ecosystem. Antarctic permafrost can be also used as a model for extraterrestrial surface habitats and further our understanding of the possible evolution of life in extraterrestrial permafrost environments.

Permafrost research in Antarctica has various attempts to describe and comprehend permafrost occurrence in the area, but is still understood to be limited to those individual studied geographic areas. The aim is to understand the environmental conditions explaining the spatial distribution of permafrost, its properties and related processes to overcome gaps of knowledge (http://www.geo.uio.no/IPA/). Active layer and permafrost monitoring in blocky material is thought to do best by drilling bore holes for measuring temperature profiles. This approach is already established on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, close to the Spanish base. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used as a valuable complementary tool for permafrost mapping and has become another alternative to measure permafrost occurrence. Including careful local calibration, usually accomplished through digging or coring, estimates on thaw depth along continuous profiles can be made. Detecting sedimentary permafrost by means of GPR and ground verification has been the challenge at Hurd Peninsula in vicinity to the Bulgarian base (St. Kliment Okhridski). Generally permafrost occurrence has been detected at altitudes higher than 30 m above sea level in the ice-free area. We have acquired single-offset and multi-offset GPR records using center frequencies of 50, and 200 MHz to verify frozen ground and check the applicability of the GPR method.

Main scientific equipment:

RAMAC (Malå Geoscience) 50 and 100, 200 MHz antenna pairs, Russian Sampler (lake sediment corer)

26 Station: Dumont d Urville Foraging behaviour of emperor penguins

Period: 31 October – 21 December 2004

National Operator: IPEV, Technopole Brest Iroise, France AWI, Ilka Zimmer

Scientific activities report

The study focused on the diving and feeding behaviour of chick-rearing emperor penguins. The primary objective was to investigate the birds’ diving depths and feeding events simultaneously by using different types of bird-attached data loggers. These measurements were done the first to provide new insights into the foraging strategy of emperor penguins in relation to the diurnal vertical distribution and density of their prey. The scientific goals of the longterm campaign are: • Determination of foraging cycles duration of chick-rearing emperor penguins. • 3-D reconstruction of pelagic and benthic foraging. • Patterns of diving depths of emperor penguins in relation to time of day. • Determination of feeding events and relative prey size in relation to depth. • Diurnal variation in the vertical distribution and density of prey.

For further details please contact Ilka Zimmer [email protected]

The main scientific equipment used in the field includes two types of data-loggers. A Multiple Channel Logger (MCL) and an Inter-Mandibular Angle Sensor (IMASEN) will be deployed on adult emperor penguins to measure their foraging and feeding activities and also their respiration rates at the sea-surface. The devices will be attached to the lower back of the bird with watertight tape as this does not affect the waterproofing quality of the feathers. The IMASEN is a Hall sensor-magnet unit recording feeding events measured by beak-opening. The magnet will be glued onto the lower beak of the penguin and a Hall sensor onto the upper beak being connected with a cable leading along the birds back to the IMASEN-logger.

Station: Mc Murdo, USA Weather forecast in Antarctica

Period: 10. – 20. November 2004

National Operator: USAP, United States Antarctic Program DWD, Ralf Brauner

Scientific Report:

As a result of international cooperation in weather forecasting in Antarctica Ralf Brauner was invited by the National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Antarctic Program (USAP) and the Space and Naval Warfare Center (SPAWAR) to visit McMurdo Station (USA) in Antarctica.

From the 10th of November until the 19th SPAWAR Ralf Brauner was introduced to all meteorology work and facilities at the station. For 3 days a workshop was performed for discussions about the use of improvement of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) weather forecast model. Case studies have been The results were presented at the joint AMRC/AMPS Workshop in June 2005 in Columbus/Ohio.

27 Ship cruise: RV “Almirante IRIZAR” (2nd and 3rd leg)

Geodesy in Antarctica

Period: 05 December 2004 to 19 January 2005

National operator: Armada Argentina AWI

GPS AWI and IAA/DNA are operating since several years jointly three permanent GPS tracking stations at the Argentine bases Belgrano 2, Jubany and San Martin in continuation of the former GAP campaigns. The GPS-observations are used to connect geodetic points in Antarctica via the IGS-network to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) with highest accuracy. Other objectives are the determination of the relative motion rates and directions of the Antarctic Plate with respect to the adjoining plates and the determination of the vertical motion of the Antarctic lithosphere due to changes of the ice and ocean loading. The project is related to the Antarctic Neotectonics (ANTEC) program of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). During this campaign a regular maintenance and check was performed by AWI staff during which the recently damaged GPS equipment (cable, receiver, computer) were exchanged in order to guarantee the best technical performance for the following years.

DORIS On Belgrano 2, the 2nd generation DORIS ground station which was installed during the previous campaign, was replaced by a 3rd generation DORIS station and installed on a new marker. DORIS plays an important role for the new CryoSat mission, a satellite for observing and surveying the cryosphere, especially in polar regions. Pay-loaded on CryoSat, the DORIS-System will be used for real-time orbit determination, orbit control and for supplying a precise 10 MHz reference signal to the Synthetic aperture Interferometric Radar ALtimeter (SIRAL). It also provides a precise time reference to the satellite systems and improves ionospheric modelling. Furthermore the installation of a DORIS ground station in Belgrano 2 densifies the distribution of DORIS beacons and improves the geometry of the DORIS network in the Southern Hemisphere. Observation data will be used for various geoscientific researches.

Tide gauge station Once a year AWI exchanges the data storage unit of the tide gauge station on San Martin and downloads data of one year measurements. These long-term observation data will be used for determination of the height of the mean sea level.

Main scientific equipment used at station:

Base Belgrano 2 DORIS beacon 3.0 Starec antenna 3.0 Meteorological station GPS receiver (Ashtech ZXII) GPS receiver (Trimble 5700) GPS antenna (Ashtech choke ring antenna with dome) GPS antenna (Trimble Zephyr geodetic) Leveling instrument (Zeiss NI 025) Leveling rod Theodolite (Wild T0) Theodolite (Wild T2) Base Jubany GPS receiver (Trimble 4000 SSi) GPS antenna (Trimble Zephyr geodetic) San Martin GPS receiver (Ashtech ZXII) GPS antenna (Ashtech choke ring antenna with dome) Tide gauge sensors Aanderaa Sensor Scanning Unit 3010 Theodolite (Wild T0) 28 2.2 Operational Information

2.2.1 National Expeditions

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)

German Center for Aeronautical and Space Research (DLR)

Federal Agency for Geosciences and Mineral Resources (BGR)

Further Antarctic activities were performed in co-operation with other national operators.

(a) Ship operations

RV Polarstern - leg ANT XXI/2 (AWI): Weddell Sea

Cruise report:

Cape Town: 17 November 2003 Cape Town: 18 January 2004

Master: Udo Domke (Reederei F. Laeisz) Cruise leader: Wolf Arntz (AWI)

Crew: 44 Staff (scientists, technicians): 55

Area of activity:

29 Participants:

Name Given name Profession Institute Nation. Absy Joao Marcelo Oceanographer AWI Brasil. Arndt Ingo Photographer D Batzke Anja AWI D Beyer Andreas Engineer AWI D Bock Karl-Heinz Meteorologist DWD D Brandt Saskia Biologist AWI D Buldt Klaus Technician DWD D Dacey John Biologist Woods Hole Canada De Jong Johannes Engineer Uni Brüssel Netherlands Delille Bruno Scientist Uni Liege France Dieckmann Gerhard Scientist. AWI D Dittmar Thorsten Scientist. Uni Florida D Eßer Markus Scientist. Uni Köln D Flores Hauke Scientist Alterra D Haas Christian Scientist AWI D Helmke Elisabeth Scientist AWI D Hintsa Eric Scientist Woods Hole USA Hoffman Carl Student Uni Tasmanien USA Houghton Leah Scientist Woods Hole USA Huhn Oliver Physiker Uni Bremen D Hutchings Jennifer Scientist Uni Fairbanks UK Johansson Milla Scientist FIMR Helsinki Finland Johnson Mark Prüfer HeliTransair USA Kiko Rainer Student IPÖ Kiel D Koch Boris Scientist AWI D Kosloff Pekka Scientist FIMR Helsinki Krapp Rupert Scientist IPÖ Kiel D Krell Andreas Scientist AWI D Kuosa Harri Scientist Uni Helsinki Finland Lannuzel Delphine Scientist Uni Brüssel France Launiainen Jouko Scientist FIMR Helsinki Finland Lieckfeld Claus-Peter Journalist D Lobach John Scientist Ferra Dynam. Canada McPhee Miles Scientist McPheeRes. USA Michels Jan Scientist AWI D Muench Robin Scientist EarthSpaceRes. USA Nicolaus Marcel Scientist AWI D Papadimitrou Stathys Scientist Uni Wales Greece Scheltz Annette Technician IPÖ Kiel D Schiel Sigrid Scientist AWI D Schodlok Michael Scientist AWI D Schröder Michael Scientist AWI D Schünemann Henrike Scientist IPÖ Kiel D Spindler Michael Scientist IPÖ Kiel D Stefels Jacqueline Scientist Uni Groningen Netherlands Steffens Matthias Scientist IPÖ Kiel D Thomas David Neville Scientist Uni Wales UK Tison Jean-Louis Scientist Uni Brüssel Belgium 30 Wanke Carsten Diver AWI D Will Jan Martin Mechanic HeliTransair D Willmes Sascha Scientist Uni Trier D Wisotzki Andreas Scientist AWI D Witte Timo Technician Optimare D Worby Anthony Scientist Austr. Ant.Div. Australia Zemmelink Hendrik Scientist Uni East Angl. Netherlands

RV Polarstern - leg ANT XXII/3 (AWI): Weddell Sea

Cruise report: Cape Town 21 January 05 Neumayer 11 February 05 12 February 05 Dallmann Laboratory 22 March 05 23 March 05 Rothera 25 March 05 26 March 05 Punta Arenas 06 April 05

Master: Stefan Schwarze (Reederei F. Laeisz) Cruise leader: Eberhard Fahrbach (AWI) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 55

The call at Rothera station was operationally organized for back loading the aircraft Polar 2. This aircraft had an accident at Polar station on 25 January 2005 (see chapter 2.6.2)

Area of activity:

- - - -

- -

31 Participants:

Surname Given name Profession Institution Country Adaro Martin Pablo Cesar observer since Jubany SINH Argentina Banda Gracious passenger to Neumayer SANAP RSA Boebel Olaf scientist AWI Germany Bohn Jens scientist ZS München Germany Brandt Angelika scientist University of Germany Hamburg Brökeland Wiebke scientist University of Germany Hamburg Carpenter Lawrence scientist SOMS, Virginia USA Cedhagen Thomas scientist University of Aarhus Denmark Choudhury Madhumita scientist University of Germany Hamburg Cornelius Nils scientist SOC UK Danis Bruno scientist IRSNB Belgium Darelius Elin scientist Bjerknes Centre Norway De Broyer Claude scientist IRSNB Belgium De Mesel Ilse scientist University of Ghent Belgium Doner Stacey scientist ENSR, Woodshole USA Ellingsen Kari Elsa scientist University of Oslo Norway Fahrbach Eberhard scientist AWI Germany Gauger Stefan scientist Fielax Germany Gebauer Manfred meteorologist DWD Germany Gooday Andy scientist SOC UK Heinlein Harald technichian Helitransair Germany Henche Annika scientist FIS Wilhelmshaven Germany Heterier Vincent scientist Laboratoire de Belgium Biologie Marine Hilbig Brigitte scientist University of Germany Bochum Hoppema Mario scientist AWI Germany Howe John scientist SAMS UK Ingels Jeroen scientist University of Ghent Belgium Janussen Dorte scientist Senckenberg Germany Museum Kindermann Lars scientist AWI Germany Klatt Olaf scientist AWI Germany Kleffel Guido passenger since Jubany AWI Germany Klinck Holger scientist AWI Germany Kourentsova Natalia scientist GEOKHI Russian Fed. Lahrmann Uwe pilot Helitransair Germany Linse Katrin scientist BAS UK Lopez-Gonzales Pablo scientist USE Spain Malyutina Marina scientist IMB Russian Fed. Middag Rob scientist NIOZ Netherlands Monsees Matthias scientist Optimare Germany Narayanaswamy Bhavani scientist SAMS UK Nunes Brandao Simone scientist Uni Hamburg Germany Nunes Riboni Ismael scientist AWI Germany Planer Michael scientist Uni Bremen Germany Raupach Michael scientist University of Germany Bochum Rießbeck Gerhard artist none Germany Rohardt Gerd scientist AWI Germany Rohr Harald scientist Optimare Germany Rose Armin scientist FIS, Wilhelmshaven Germany Schwabe Enrico scientist ZS München Germany Sonnabend Hartmut meteorologist DWD Germany Stimac Mihael technician Helitransair Germany 32 Thoma Inger scientist IfM-Geomar Germany Thomson Michael scientist University of Leeds UK Timmermann Ralph scientist AWI Germany Wang Qiang scientist AWI Germany Weerlee, van Evaline scientist NIOZ Netherlands Wegener Gisela scientist University of Germany Hamburg Winter Stefan pilot Helitransair Germany Witte Hannelore scientist AWI Germany Wolf Alexander passenger since DLR Germany Rothera

RV Polarstern - leg ANT XXII/4: Scotia Sea

Cruise report:

Punta Arenas 08 April 2005 Signy Island 12 April 2005

Operation area 14 April – 12 May

Signy Island 15 May 2005 Bahia Blanca 21 May 2005

Master: Uwe Pahl (Reederei F. Laeisz) Cruise leader: Hans-Werner Schenke (AWI) Crew: 44 Staff (scientist and technicians): 35

The expedition was carried out by the ice-breaking RV “Polarstern”. Two helicopters were utilised to carry out the logistic transport and the airborne magnetic measurements.(Helimag). For the scientific project at Signy Island a field camp with two observers was set-up near the Geodetic Reference Point SIG1, in the vicinity of the UK summer station Signy. The field party Signy was operated until 15th May 2005. The entire technical equipment, including all human, organic and inorganic waste, and technical and scientific material was returned to “Polarstern” by helicopter and rubber dinghy. The entire stay of the field camp on Signy Island took exactly 33 days.

Map1: local map of the geodetic reference point on Signy Island

33 Area of activity:

Map2: Track line of RV “Polarstern” during expedition ANTXXII/4

Participants:

surname given name position/profession organisation country Adaro Martin observer Arg.hyd.Dienst Argentina Albrecht Sebastian student FIELAX Germany Beyer Andreas geodesist AWI Germany Borchers Andreas student IGG Leipzig Germany Brauner Jens Mechanist HeliTransair Germany Büchner Jürgen Chief pilot HeliTransair Germany Buldt Klaus meteorologist DWD Germany Federowitz Marcus Pilot HeliTransair Germany Friedrich Stephan geodesist AWI Germany Gäbler Steffi doctorand AWI Germany Gregorowicz Patrycja guest scientist AWI Poland Käker Renè geodesist LGN Germany König Matthias geophysicist AWI Germany Krömer Tobias student AWI Germany Kuhn Gerhard geologist AWI Germany Leinweber Volker Thor student AWI Germany/Austria Linder Julia student Uni-München Germany Mader Klaus meteorologist DWD Germany Möller Hans-Joachim meteorologist DWD Germany Mondzech Juliane student AWI Germany Penshorn Dietmar technician AWI Germany Rybinski Paul student AWI Germany Schenke Hans Werner chief scientist AWI Germany Simundic Patrick student AWI Germany Udintsev Gleb marine geology GEOKHI Russia Udintsev Vladimir marine geology GEOKHI Russia Viel Matias observer UCV Chile Viêtor Follrich engineer AWI Germany Yousif Khalaf Mechanist HeliTransair Germany 34 SA Agulhas (DEAT):

In the frame of co-operation between AWI and the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), South Africa, logistic support for re-supply of Neumayer station was provided.

Schedule of performed operation: Cape Town: 12 December 2004 Neumayer (Atka Bay): 12 February 2005 Cape Town: 21 February 2005

Altogether 4 scientists and technician and 47 tons of cargo were removed from Neumayer station to Cape Town.

(b) Aircraft operations

Dornier aircraft Do228-101 (Polar 2 and Polar 4) (AWI)

Chief pilot: Weber, Philipp (DLR; Germany) Chief scientist: Rack, Wolfgang (AWI, Germany)

Crew: 4 pilots, 2 technicians Scientific staff: 3 scientists

Period: 02 November 2004 – 11 February 2005

departure in Germany (P2,P4): 02/11/2004 time of arrival at Neumayer (P2,P4): 20/11/2004 beginning of logistic flights (P4): 24/11/2004 beginning of aerogeophysical flights(P2): 16/12/2004 end of aerogeophysical flights (P2): 06/01/2005 end of logistic flights (P4): 23/01/2005 departure from Neumayer(P2,P4): 24/01/2005 accident of Polar 4 (Rothera): 25/01/2005 (for details see below and 2.6.2) arrival in Germany (P2): 11/02/2005

Area of activity:

Flights were conducted in western Dronning Maud Land with Neumayer and the Kottas Camp as main bases for the aerogeophysical programme (see also map). Logistic flights were conducted between Neumayer, Novolazarevskaya, Kohnen, Kottas Camp, and ARP2.

During season 2004/2005 both aircraft were based at Neumayer station and completed their flight missions by 23 January 2005.

Pattern of aerogeophysical flight program 2004/05 in Dronning Maud Land.

35 Participants:

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Böbel Tobias Technician 02.12.04-4.02.05 Optimare Germany Dietl Klaus Pilot 20.11.04-07.02.05 DLR Germany Hasselbring Dirk aircraft mechanic 20.11.04-07.02.05 DLR Germany Hümer Roman-Georg pilot 20.11.04-07.02.05 DLR Germany Lampert Philipp technician 02.12.04-4.02.05 Optimare Germany Otto Wolf-Christian pilot 20.11.04-07.02.05 DLR Germany Rack Wolfgang scientific leader 02.12.04-4.02.05 AWI Germany Weber Philipp chief pilot 20.11.04-07.02.05 DLR Germany Wolf Alexander aircraft mechanic 20.11.04-07.02.05 DLR Germany

Polar 4accident at Rothera

Demobilization northbound started from Neumayer on 24th January. First landing took place at Halley same day. On the 25th January both aircraft POLAR2 and POLAR4 took off from Halley bound for Rothera Base at the Antarctic Peninsula. During the entire flight both aircraft were in visual contact to each other. At altitudes above 10,000ft the crew used oxygen. Maximum altitude was 16,000ft. For the approach into Rothera cloud breaking had to be done. The tops of the clouds were at appr. 6,500ft. The lower cloud boundary was at 1,200ft (radar altitude). Above the top of the clouds the sky was clear. POLAR2 flew a L/H visual traffic circuit for landing on runway 18 and landed without any problems. After the stop the aircraft performed a 180-degree turn for expedited backtracking to the apron. The POLAR4 aircraft followed and performed the final approach. During the final seconds of its landing the aircraft fell down vertically onto the threshold of the runway from approximately 4 m altitude. The resulting landing roll was very short and un-eventful. Nevertheless the aircraft could perform taxiing without problems to the apron. Two persons of the POLAR4 crew were injured. However injuries have not been serious and were at first identified several days later. The aircraft sustained substantial structural damage in the area of landing gear and the whole fuselage. Consequently POLAR4 could not continue the northbound ferry flight. The staff of Rothera station as well as BAS administration provided immediate assistance and support, in order to perform all necessary measures on site. The Chief pilot and 2 technicians stayed at Rothera until 7th February for disassembling the damaged aircraft for removal by ship. According to current stage of investigations the accident might have happened because of pilot’s mistake. Limiting weather may have influenced the decision of the crew of POLAR4 not to go-around but to perform the final approach following POLAR2. All international assistance and co-ordination worked very well. The performed actions caused implications not only to BAS operations but also to the activities of other national programs (see 2.6.2).

AWI flight activities in the frame of the international project DROMLAN

A great number of AWI’s land-based scientific and logistic projects were carried out during summer season from November 2004 until February 2005. In order to realize these activities, personnel were again flown into Antarctica from Cape Town on board of a Russian cargo aircraft IL-76TD via Novo Airbase, and transported back the same way in the end of the campaign. The number of persons traveling in was 63 in and out 51. Also a substantial part of cargo was sent down.

Date Flight number Route For Novo For Cape Town AWI-pax/cargo AWI-pax/cargo 28 – 30 October 04 IL 15 CPT - Novo - CPT 0 0 05 - 08 November 04 IL 16 CPT - Novo - CPT 1 0 15 - 18 November 04 IL 17 CPT - Novo - CPT Cancelled Cancelled 23 – 26 November 04 IL 18 CPT - Novo - CPT 4 0 02 – 04 December 04 IL 19 CPT - Novo - CPT 25 6 01 – 05 February 05 IL 20 CPT - Novo - CPT 1 22 14 – 16 February 05 IL 21 CPT - Novo - CPT 0 14

36 The first November flight (IL 16) scheduled early November carried one person from the German Weather Service (DWD) to Neumayer. As already during last season the DWD expert provided flight weather forecasts for DROMLAN in co-operation with the South African Weather Service at Cape Town. The IL18 flight carried 4 VIPs to visit the Neumayer and Kohnen station. The IL19 flight scheduled early December carried 25 scientists and technicians for Neumayer station including the over wintering team for 2005. The IL 20 and IL21 flight were scheduled for beginning and mid February. Both return flights were to pick up in total 36 scientists and technicians from Neumayer and fly them back to Cape Town. DROMLAN activities were completed by the last flight on 13 February 2005. Two Russian AN-2 aircraft performed the feeder flights from Novo Airbase to Neumayer station in the beginning of the season. At the end of the season a Basler BT-67 aircraft performed the feeder flights.

Neumayer station (AWI)

Summer season: 06 November 2004 – 13 February 2005

Officers in charge:

Station leader: Anna Müller (AWI, physician) January 2004 until December 2005 Wolfgang Meyer (AWI, physician) until January 2006. Logistic coordinator: Thomas Matz (AWI, engineer) for season 2004/2005.

Up to 31 scientists, experts, pilots and technicians stayed temporarily at the station during summer season. Additionally visitors from other national programmes took short time stays at the station site. UK, Russian and South African fixed wing and rotary aircraft were scheduled to land at Neumayer station for transport of personnel in the frame of scientific and logistic co-operation or refuelling.

Logistic activities report: At 10 December 2004 RV Akademik Fedorov arrived at Atka Bay to provide the bulk of material, equipment, and consumables for Neumayer and Kohnen. 15 scientists, technicians and some persons of the new overwintering team arrived with the vessel. For summer activities the majority of personnel including the technicians of the new overwintering staff moved in and out in the frame of DROMLAN. In co-operation with ship SA Agulhas re-supply including waste disposal was finished at 08 February 2005. Main cargo was carried out with the RV Polarstern from Neumayer at the 11 February 2005. During the season technical services were provided for air operations such as runway maintenance, refuelling, communication, flight following, weather forecast. Both aircraft Do228-101 operated temporarily from Neumayer station. Technical preparations of the supply traverses for Kohnen station and for the Kottas field camp has been a further task in December and January. Maintenance works were carried out at station building, eastern ramp, ventilation shafts, emergency exits as well as different platforms of the observatories. The ceiling of the ice tunnel at the southern end of the station was cut out, offering enough height for cables going to the observatories and outside to the summer camp. The sensor array of the infrasound station IS27DE was dug out and re-established at the accumulated snow surface. Contract personnel of a commercial company performed this great amount of physical work. Outside the station a further container was installed for the art project "Library on Ice" creating a place of silence and reflection at Neumayer. This library was officially inaugurated on 01 January 2005. The 24rd over wintering team was replaced by its successors, a group of nine men. The new team was finally briefed on site.

DROMLAN weather forecast: Since season 2002/2003 DROMLAN weather forecast service is established in Dronning Maud Land. Also in season 2004/2005 this service worked well for all partners in the DROMLAN community. Like in the past seasons over 2000 individual forecasts for aircrafts, stations, traverses, ships and other field activities have been worked out and distributed via email, HF, VHF and Iridium. The covered region is between Halley (BAS, UK) and eastward to Syowa (JARE, Japan). This season the weather forecast service started on the 5th of November 2004 and ended with the last flight on the 15th of February 2005. The weather forecast was organized by AWI in co-operation with German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst).

37 Two forecasters shared the season and they worked permanently at Neumayer Station as well as temporary at Novo Airbase (Russia) at the beginning and end of the season traveling to and from Cape Town Airport, South Africa. Next to the data of the meteorology observatory up to 300 MByte of meteorological data and forecast products have been received daily via email at Neumayer Station with the permanent satellite data link (128 kB). Therefore the forecaster had the advantage to get access to different products of the numerical weather forecast models of the ECMWF, AMPS and GME at any time. Also this season the Satellite picture receiving station (SeaSpace) for highly spatially and timely resolved multi-cannel pictures from the NOAA- and DMSP- satellites worked well. These images with a horizontal resolution down to 500 meter are very important for the individual flight forecasts in the DROMLAN community. This and also the last seasons it was sometimes difficult to get meteorological data from any station in the DROMLAN community. It was always possible to get actual weather from any station in the DROMLAN area on request, but it would be a great advantage to have more automatic weather stations (AWS) in Dronning Maud Land, especially at Novo Runway for the intercontinental flights. Also a direct access to the automatic weather station at Troll runway was not possible, but the new permanent satellite data link at Troll Station it should be available next season via Internet. All intercontinental flights between have been successfully supported last season by the DROMLAN weather forecast service. This included also the first intercontinental flight between Cape Town and Troll Station with the C-130 operated by the Norwegian Air force. For westbound and eastbound flights leaving the forecast area off DROMLAN weather forecast service the forecaster at Neumayer Station was in contact with the forecast service at Rothera and McMurdo. The forecast service was coordinated with NSF by Ralf Brauner during his two weeks stay at McMurdo Station in November 2004. NSF invited Ralf Brauner for an exchange in forecast techniques and use of numerical weather forecast products with forecasters from SPAWAR. Together with people from NCAR, which runs the AMPS in Boulder, a successful discussion about further developments in numerical weather forecast models was held at McMurdo. New forecast products and the new high resolution Antarctic weather forecast model WRF was presented at the AMPS Workshop in June 2005.

Service works at the Infrasound Array IS27DE (CTBT-network):

The infrasound array IS27DE operates under normal conditions. During the season 2004-05 routine maintenance and service works were conducted. The IS27DE array is located about 3 km southwest of the Neumayer base, as shown in the figure below. It consists of nine stations arranged on a spiral at regularly increasing radii from the center point. The aperture of this array is about 2 km. The central array control system is installed in the seismo-acoustic observatory about 800 m south of the Neumayer base. The stations of the IS27DE array are1.8 to 4 km from the central control system.

Location of the IS27DE infrasound array

Geophysical observatory:

During the austral summer 2004/2005 the geophysics branch at the base was mainly engaged in maintenance and service works at the base itself and at the remote seismological stations. New computing facilities were

38 installed and thus several problems in network administration had to be solved. A substantial amount of time was spent for training of the geophysics staff off the new wintering team. Besides this all geophysicist assisted in the annual service works for the infrasound station IS27. From January 05 until January 11 a service trip to the remote seismological stations VNA2 and VNA3 was made. At station VNA3 the seismometer and the data acquisition system were recovered from deep below the the snow surface and set up again at a higher level. New solar panels were installed at the antenna mast. The mast was set up at a higher position again. All batteries were changed to guarantee an uninterupted operation during the Antarctic winter. At station VNA2, the site of the detection array, service works were quite limited. A telecommunication link had to be changed because transmission of array data became worse shortly before the visit. It was not necessary to recover the central seismometer due to a rather low accumulation of snow. The antenna mast could also remain in its current position. Only the batteries had to be changed and the electronics had to be adjusted.

Participants:

surname given name position/profession Stay organization country maintenance Bohlmann Matthias technician 10.12.04-04.02.05 Germany company Brauner Ralf weather forecaster 02.12.04-13.02.05 DWD Germany Brüggemann Marc airchemist 10.12.04-2006 AWI Germany Buchholz Oliver electrician 02.12.04-2006 AWI /Laeisz Germany Ehlers Birte-Marie geophysicist 2003-13.02.2005 AWI Germany Fritsch Lutz artist 10.12.04-04.02.05 Library on ice Germany Giedke Kolja Benjamin geophysicist 10.12.04- 2006 AWI Germany Hennig Hans-Peter IT, radiooperator 02.12.04 - 2006 AWI /Laeisz Germany Hoeltz Andre cook 02.12.04 - 2006 AWI /Laeisz Germany Holzinger Frank engineer 02.12.04-13.02.05 AWI-logistics Germany Kaessbohrer Johannes scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 FIELAX Germany Kohlberg Eberhard physician 02.12.04-13.02.05 AWI-logistics Germany Krömer Tobias student 02.12.04-04.02.05 AWI Germany Kühl Uwe electrician 2003 -13.02.05 AWI /Laeisz Germany AWI-climate Loose Bernd scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 Germany system Matz Thomas engineer 02.12.04-13.02.05 AWI-logistics Germany physician, Meyer Wolfgang 10.12.04- 2006 AWI Germany stationleader Müller Christian scientist 02.12.04-04.02.05 FIELAX Germany physician, Müller Anna 2003 – 02.12.05 AWI Germany stationleader Germanischer Voss Peter engineer 04.02.05-13.02.05 Germany Lloyd Penske Armin engineer 2003-14.02.2005 AWI /Laeisz Germany Peters Frank IT, radiooperator 2003-14.02.2005 AWI /Laeisz Germany Pols Hans-Arnold Weather forecaster 05.11.05-02.12.04 DWD Germany maintenance Pyrskalla Boleslaw technician 10.12.04-04.02.05 Germany company Richter Astrid airchemist 2003-14.02.2005 AWI Germany Schartel Harald engineer 02.12.04 - 2006 AWI /Laeisz Germany maintenance Sulzbach Frank technician 10.12.04-04.02.05 Germany company Wagner Klaus cook 2003-04.02.2005 AWI /Laeisz Germany 39 Waich Gertrud geophysicist 2003-13.02.2005 AWI Germany maintenance Waldow Mario technician 10.12.04-04.02.05 Germany company AWI- Weller Rolf scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 Germany geosystem Wellmann J. Florian geophysicist 10.12.04- 2006 AWI Germany Wohanka Karolina meteorologist 2003-14.02.2005 AWI Germany Zöllner Mathias meteorologist 10.12.04- 2006 AWI Germany Executive Clarkson Peter D Scott Polar 23.11.04-02.12.04 Secretary Great Britain SCAR Gernandt Hartwig AWI-logistics 23.11.04-02.12.04 AWI Germany Executive Summerhayes Colin P Scott Polar 23.11.04-02.12.04 Director Great Britain SCAR Director Valentine Henry DEAT 23.11.04-02.12.04 (Antarctica South Africa and Islands)

Kohnen station and traverses (AWI)

Summer season: 23 December 2004 – 15 January 2005

Officers in charge: Station operator: Markus Weynand (AWI, technician) Staff: 5 technicians

Logistic activities report: There were no drilling works at Kohnen Station. Maintenance in and around the base and a full supply of the base were performed. Therefore 5 Pisten Bully left Neumayer on 15.12.05 with 11 sledges. Two vehicles supported the scientific works at Kottas Mountains and three vehicles proceeded to Kohnen Station. Maintenance of the base took all in all 24 days. Beside many other things the roof of the trench was extended and a new floor was glued in the mess room and in the radio room. The broad band station at Kohnen was disassembled for this year. A check revealed that there were major problems in the autonomous operation during the last year. Seismometer and data acquisition unit were sent back to Germany for testing and repairs. It is intended to set this station in operation again in 2005/2006.

Participants: surname given name position/profession Stay organisation country 02.12.04-13.02.05 Blattner Mark technician Kaessbohrer Germany 02.12.04-13.02.05 Brehme Andreas technician AWI /Laeisz Germany 02.12.04-13.02.05 Krischat Jochen technician AWI /Laeisz Germany 02.12.04-13.02.05 Schubert Holger technician AWI /Laeisz Germany 02.12.04-13.02.05 Weynand Markus technician AWI-logistics Germany

Dallmann Laboratory (AWI) - annex to Jubany station (Argentina)

Summer season: 16 October 2004 – 23 March 2005

Officers in Charge: Station leader: Krumbeck, Hartwig (AWI) from 16 October 2004 to 10 January 2005 Barenbrock, Ulrich (AWI) from 10 January 2005 to 23 March 2005

40 Chief technician: Schulz, Harry (Fielax) from 16 October 2004 to 05 December 2004 Guido Kleffel (AWI) from 25 February 2005 to 23 March 2005

Staff: 16 scientists and 6 technicians

Area of Activity:

Participants: surname given name position/profession Stay at Dallmann organisation country

Barenbrock Jana Diver 01.01.05 - 29.03.05 AWI Germany Barenbrock Ulrich Scientific leader / diver 01.01.05 - 29.03.05 AWI Germany Braaksma Oliver Technician 04.03.05 - 29.03.05 AWI / Warex Germany Fiedler Harald Technician 04.03.05 - 29.03.05 AWI / Warex Germany Hansen Rene Technician 28.11.04 - 05.12.04 AWI / ERT Danish Kleffel Guido Engineer, logistics 25.02.04 - 23.03.04 AWI Germany Kopp Matthias scientist 18.12.04 - 04.03.05 UNI Jena Germany Krumbeck Hartwig Scientific leader / diver 16.10.04 - 10.01.05 AWI Germany Lieneweg Maren Diver 16.10.04 - 31.12.05 AWI Germany Nordt Anja scientist 18.12.04 - 29.03.05 UNI Jena Germany Rautenberger Ralf scientist 11.01.05 - 08.03.05 IPOE Kiel Germany Roleda Michael scientist 16.10.04 - 25.10.04 AWI Germany Wulf Angela scientist 16.10.04 - 25.12.04 Uni Göteborg Sweden Zacher Katharina Scientist/Diver 16.10.04 - 29.03.05 AWI Germany Schulz Harry Technician 16.10.04 - 05.12.04 AWI / Fielax Germany Steinmetz Richard Technician 04.03.05 - 29.03.05 AWI Germany

Logistic activities report: During summer season maintenance works have been performed. Four new Laboratories were built up in March 2005. For this operation a helicopter (DAP) was used for special works (4 flight hours).

41 Transport of personnel and cargo for Dallmann Laboratory/Jubany and Artigas (Uruguay) was done in co- operation with the Instituto Antarctico Uruguayo and the Instituto Antarctico Chileneo. These flights were performed with a C-130 aircraft operated by the Uruguayan and Chilean Air Force between Punta Arenas (PA) and the airfield at Teniente Marsh. In addition AWI used a commercial supporter (DAP) for some flights. These took place from Teniente Marsh to Punta Arenas.

Date Nation Route For Frei For Punta Arenas Pax / cargo Pax / cargo 15 October 2004 Chile PA – Frei – PA 6 / 1000 kg 0 24 October 2004 Chile PA – Frei – PA 1 / 100 kg 0 04 December 2004 Uruguay PA – Frei – PA 3 / 300 kg 0 05 December 2004 Chile PA – Frei – PA 0 2 25 December 2004 DAP PA – Frei – PA 0 2 18 January 2005 Uruguay PA – Frei – PA 0 3 11 March 2005 Uruguay PA – Frei – PA 0 1 23 March 2005 Chile PA – Frei – PA 0 6

10 scientists and technicians with 1.4 tons of cargo were transported by plane southbound from Punta Arenas to the Dallmann Laboratory/Jubany station. 14 scientists and technicians were transported by plane northbound from Dallmann Laboratory/Jubany Station to Punta Arenas. 4 technicians have been transported by the MV Bremen (1) and MV Hanseatic (3) from Ushuaia to the Dallmann-Laboratory. 1 participant went back by the RSV Polarstern.

GARS O’Higgins (DLR) as annex to General Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile)

Director of GARS: Reiniger, Dr. Klaus-Dieter; Engineer; DLR / DFD-BI Head of campaign(s): Zimmer, Alfons; Physicist, DLR / DFD-BI Ziegltrum, Werner; Engineer DLR / DFD-BI Fischer, Martin; Engineer DLR / DFD-BI Logistic activities report:

The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS O’Higgins is logistically operated as annex to the Chilean station General Bernardo O’Higgins. Technical works comprised:

Area of Activity:

Due to the characteristic of “remote sensing“ the requirement for the location was the result of the requests of the scientific community and the logistic constraints. A main objective of VLBI is the determination of the movements of the continental plates. Thus it is necessary to be located on the continental plate itself, not at a less stable area near the border (like King George Island). As well the cooperation with Chile/INACH recommended O’Higgins as the preferable location. 42 Participants:

surname given name position/profession Stay organisation country

Kiening Rainer Engineer TF050103 DLR / DFD-BI Germany Artemenko Ruslan Engineer TF050103 DLR / DFD-BI Uzbekistan Plötz Christian Engineer TF050103 BKG-Wettzell Germany Wojdziak Reiner Computer Scientist TF050103 BKG – Leipzig Germany TF050103 Univ Jara Christobal Engineer Chile Concepción/TIGO Wende Wilfried Engineer TF050103 ESAT Germany Deschamps Eduardo Technician TF050103 ESAT Brazil Weiler Ricardo Technician TF050103 ESAT Brazil Kuttert Renato Technician TF050103 ESAT Brazil

BKG-Wettzell/TU- Plötz Christian Engineer TF040901 Germany München Schwarz Walter Engineer TF040901 BKG-Wettzell Germany Morais Marcelo Engineer TF040901 DLR / DFD-BI Brazil/Germany Artemenko Ruslan Engineer TF040901 DLR / DFD-BI Uzbekistan Wende Wilfried Engineer TF040901 ESAT Germany Deschamps Eduardo Technician TF040901 ESAT Brazil Weiler Ricardo Technician TF040901 ESAT Brazil Kuttert Renato Technician TF040901 ESAT Brazil Ordenes Julian Engineer TF040901 TELMEX Chile Colombo Pablo Technician TF040901 TELMEX Chile

(d) Field parties and activities in co-operation with other national operators

Field Party: VISA Field Campaign 2004/05 (AWI, TU Dresden)

(VISA: Validation, Densification and Interpretation of Satellite Data for the Determination of Magnetic Field, Gravity Field, Ice Mass Balance and Structure of the Earth Crust in Antarctica, Utilizing Airborne and Terrestrial Measurements. This project is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).)

Principal Investigators: Reinhard Dietrich (Technical University of Dresden - TUD), Wilfried Jokat (AWI)

Scientific Coordination: Reinhard Dietrich, Mirko Scheinert (TUD) Wilfried Jokat (AWI)

Officer in charge: Lutz Eberlein (TUD)

Period: 11.12.2004 – 21.12.2004 Stay at Neumayer station 21.12.2004 – 20.01.2005 Field work (based at Kottas Camp) 21.01.2004 – 04.02.2005 Stay at Neumayer station

Logistic activities report: The VISA field group operated on basis of a field camp. Logistics were provided by AWI. The logistic base was located at Kottas Camp. Grey rectangles denote geodetic-geophysical stations, where GPS and

43 seismometer observations were carried out. Within the “Test Area Kottas”, geodetic (GPS, gravimetry), geophysical (EMR) and glaciological measurements were realized. Transport of personnel and equipment to/from Antarctica was arranged within the framework of DROMLAN.

Are of Activity: Heimefrontfjella, western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Fig. 1: Overview of area of investigation.

Participants:

surname given name position/profession Stay organisation country

Ackermann Adolf technician /cook 02.12.04-13.02.05 AWI /Laeisz Germany Anschütz Helgard scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 AWI Germany Bayer Bettina scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 AWI Germany Behr Yannik scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 AWI Germany Eberlein Lutz scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 TU-Dresden Germany Groh Andreas scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 TU-Dresden Germany Hennig Lissy scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 TU-Dresden Germany 02.12.04-13.02.05 Köhler Jens technician AWI /Laeisz Germany Wegner Anna scientist 10.12.04-04.02.05 AWI Germany

Field Party: Biological research on Antarctic seabirds, skuas, and Wilson’s storm petrels (University Jena)

Officer in Charge: Ulrich Peter (University Jena)

Participants: 10 scientists

Period: 04 December 2004 – 04 March 2005

44 Area: Potter Peninsula and Fildes Peninsula including Ardley Island, King George Island

Research platforms used: Dallmann Laboratory (Germany/Argentina) Bellingshausen Station (Russia) Great Wall station (China) Escudero Station (Chile)

Participants:

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Böhm Elke Scientist 11.01.05 - 08.02.05 Jena University Germany Büsser Christina PhD student 04.12.04 - 04.03.05 Jena University Germany Fröhlich Anne Diploma student 14.12.04 - 04.03.05 Jena University Germany Hahn Steffen Scientist 11.01.05 - 08.02.05 Jena University Germany Kopp Matthias Diploma student 04.12.05 - 18.12.04 Jena University Germany Mustafa Osama PhD student 11.01.05 - 04.03.05 Jena University Germany Nordt Anja Diploma student 04.12.05 - 18.12.04 Jena University Germany Pfeiffer Simone PhD student 11.01.05 - 04.03.05 Jena University Germany Peter Hans-Ulrich Biologist/ project leader 11.01.05 - 08.02.05 Jena University Germany Ritz Markus PhD student 04.12.04 - 04.03.05 Jena University Germany

Station: Amundsen-Scott / project Amanda Neutrino Telescope

National operator: National Science Foundation/Raython Services in co-operation with University of Wisconsin (USA). German participating institutions: DESY (6) University Mainz (1) University Dortmund (3)

Period: November 11th 2004 – February 15th 2005

National operator: Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Artigas Base University of Bonn and Münster

Officer in charge: Amundsen-Scott Station: See US report Amanda/IceCube Science: Barwick, Steve, US Spokesman AMANDA, Univ. of California, Irvine, USA Spiering, Christian, Europe Spokesman AMANDA, DESY Zeuthen, Germany Halzen, Francis, PI IceCube, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, USA Hulth, Per-Olof, Spokesman IceCube, University of Stockholm, Sweden Principal Investigator for AMANDA/Pole operation: Robert Morse, University of Wisconsin. USA

Area of Activity: Station area

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Bernardini Elisa Scientist Nov 11 - Dec 21 DESY Zeuthen Germany Schlenstedt Stefan Scientist Nov 20 – Dec 20 DESY Zeuthen Germany Walter Michael scientist Nov 16 – Dec 13 DESY Zeuthen Germany Ackermann Markus PhD Student Dec 20 – Jan 09 DESY Zeuthen Germany Sulanke Karl-Heinz Engineer Dec 28 – Jan 13 DESY Zeuthen Germany

45 Tarasova Oxana PhD Student Dec 15 – Dec 29 DESY Zeuthen Germany Wagner Wolfgang Scientist Dec 10 – Feb 15 Univ. Dortmund Germany Messarius Timo PhD Student Dec 17 – Feb 15 Univ. Dortmund Germany Muenich Kirsten PhD Student Jan 29 – Feb 15 Univ. Dortmund Germany

Station: Artigas, Uruguay Glacier Volume Changes, velocity Fields amd Ice Mass Flux on the Antarctic Peninsula

Period: December 05th 2004 – January 19th 2005

National operator: Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Artigas Base University of Bonn and Münster

Officer in charge: Major Allende (base commander) Dr. Matthias Braun (scientific)

Area of Activity: King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Main ice cap (Arctowsky Icefield)

Participants:

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Braun Matthias Hydrologist 05.12.04 – 19.01.05 ZFL, Univ. Bonn Germany Martin Rückamp Diploma student 05.12.04 – 19.01.05 Univ. Münster Germany

Station: St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria Microbiological and sedimentological permafrost studies in an ice-free area on LivingstonIsland, Antarctic Peninsula

Period: 26 January till 01 March 2005

22.01.05 arrival at Ushuaia by plane 26.01.05 transfer to Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island by MV “Las Palmas” (regular supply of Spanish base) 29.01.05 start of field season at Bulgarian Base, Hurd Peninsula 24.02.05 end of field season, transfer to Ushuaia via Deception Island 01.03.05 arrival at Ushuaia by ship working The participants were transported in co-operation with the Spanish area Antarctic Institute by the Spanish Research and Supply vessel “Las Palmas”. They started from Ushuaia at the end of January and arrived at the Bulgarian Station a few days later. All logistic support were given by the Bulgarian and Spanish Institute.

National operator: Bulgarian Antarctic Institute AWI

Officer in charge: Prof. Christo Pimpirev, Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, Sofia Dr. Dirk Wagner, AWI (scientific)

Area of Activity: Permafrost studies have been conducted in the vicinity to the Bulgarian Base “St. Kliment Okhridski” (see box in figure) on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands (see figure).

46 Participants:

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Hubberten Hans-Wolfgang Mineralogist 22.01.-07.02.05 AWI Germany Schwamborn Georg Geologist 22.01.-01.03.05 AWI Germany Wagner Dirk Microbiologist 22.01.-01.03.05 AWI Germany

Station: Dumont d Urville Foraging behaviour of emperor penguins

Period: 31 October 2004 till 21 December 2004

National Operator: IPEV, Technopole Brest Iroise, France AWI, Ilka Zimmer

Officer in charge André Ancel, Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques (science) IPEV, Technopole Brest Iroise, France

Area of Activity: The emperor penguin breeding colony of Pointe Géologie near the French Antarctic research station Dumont d´Durville in Terre Adélie (66°40´S, 140°00´E), Antarctica.

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Zimmer Ilka Scientist 31.10.-21.12.04 AWI Germany Ancel André Scientist 31.10.-21.12.04 CEPE Strasbourg France Gilbert Caroline scientist 31.10.-21.12.04 CEPE Strasbourg France

Station: Mc Murdo, USA Weather forecast in Antarctica

Period: 10. – 20. November 2004

National Operator: USAP, United States Antarctic Program DWD, Ralf Brauner

Area of Activity: Station

Participants:

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Brauner Ralf Weather forecaster 10.11. – 20.11.04 DWD Germany

Ship cruise: RV “Almirante IRIZAR” (2nd and 3rd leg)

Geodesy in Antarctica

Period: 05 December 2004 to 19 January 2005

Second leg 02.02.2005 departure Ushuaia 10.02.2005 – 16.02.2005 Base Belgrano 2 scientific work 28.02.2005 Base Jubany scientific work 06.03.2005 Base Jubany scientific work 09.03.2005 arrival Ushuaia Third leg 11.03.2005 departure Ushuaia

47 18.03.2005 – 19.03.2005 Base San Martin scientific work 29.03.200 Base Jubany scientific work 03.04.2005 Base Jubany scientific work 07.04.2005 arrival Ushuaia

National operator: Armada Argentina AWI

Officers in charge: responsibility for the Austral Summer Antarctic Campaign 2004/05 by DNA / IAA, Buenos Aires / Argentina and Armada Argentina

Expedition leader: Dr. Marenssi, Sergio Director of IAA DNA / IAA Argentina Cruise leader: second leg Dr. Del Valle, Rodolfo scientist DNA / IAA Argentina third leg Santillana, Sergio scientist DNA / IAA Argentina

Area of Activity: Weddell Sea and Antarctic Peninsula Base Belgrano 2 (Argentina) 77° 52’ 29” S 34° 37’ 37” W Base Jubany (Argentina) 62° 14’ S 58° 40’ W Base San Martin (Argentina) 68° 07’ 47” S 67° 06’ 12” W

Participants:

surname given name position/profession stay organization country Lindner Kathleen geodesist 02.02.-07.04.05 AWI Germany

2.2.2 Non-governmental expeditions

# Date Site Type of activity 1 19./20.01.05 Deception Island Zodiac landing, walking 2 22.01.05 Foyn Harbour Zodiac landing 3 23.01.05 Waterboat Point Zodiac landing 4 24.01.05 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 5 25.01.05 Port Charcot Zodiac landing 6 25./26.01.05 Port Lockroy Zodiac landing 7 26.01.05 Dorian Bay Zodiac landing,

48 Station visit 8 27.01.05 Melchior Islands Zodiac landing

# 2 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Henk Boersma P.O. Box 61 ARG - 9410 Ushuaia Argentina Name of vessel S/Y SARAH W. VORWERK Country of registry of vessel Argentinien Number of voyages 3 (VOR 0105 bis VOR 0305) Max. # of staff/crew/pax VOR 0105: 2/8 VOR 0205: 2/8 VOR 0305: 2/8 Port of departure to Antarctica VOR 0105 bis VOR 0305: Ushuaia (Argentina) Port of arrival from Antarctica VOR 0105 bis Vor 0305: Ushuaia (Argentina) Date of departure / arrival VOR 0105: 22.12.04 / 07.01.05 VOR 0205: 18.01.05 / 31.01.05 VOR 0305: 09.02.05 / 01.03.05

Areas of operation A1 & A3 sites and dates of landing

# Date Site Type of activity VOR 01/05 1 22.12.04 Melchior Islands Small boat landing 2 23./24.12.04 Cuverville Island Small boat landing 3 25.12.04 Videla Small boat landing 4 26.12.04 Port Lockroy Small boat landing 5 37.12.04 Old Palmer (Arthur Small boat landing Harvor) 6 28.12.04 Palmer Station Small boat landing 7 28.29.12.04 Petermann Island Small boat landing 8 30.12.04 – Vernadsky Small boat landing 01.01.05 9 04.01.05 Port Lockroy Small boat landing 10 05.01.05 Enterprise Island Small boat landing 11 06.01.05 Whalers Bay Small boat landing VOR 02/05 1 20.01.05 Hannah Point Small boat landing 2 22.01.05 Melchior Island Small boat landing 3 23.01.05 Lockroy Small boat landing 4 24.01.05 Palmer Station Small boat landing 5 25.01.05 Vernadsky / Argentine Small boat landing Isld. 6 26.01.05 Videla Small boat landing 7 27.01.05 Cuverville Island Small boat landing 8 28.01.05 Melchior Small boat landing VOR 03/05 1 12.02.05 Whalers Bay Small boat landing 49 2 13.02.05 Pendulum Cove Small boat landing 3 14.02.05 Whalers Bay Small boat landing 4 17.02.05 Videla Small boat landing 5 18.02.05 Palmer Station Small boat landing 6 18.02.05 Old Palmer (Arthur Small boat landing Harbor) 7 19.02.05 Peterman Island Small boat landing 8 20.02.05 Vernadsky Small boat landing 9 22.02.05 Charcot Small boat landing 10 23.02.05 Port Lockroy Small boat landing 11 24.02.05 Cuverville Island Small boat landing 12 25.02.05 Enterprise Island Small boat landing 13 27./28.02.05 Melchior Island Small boat landing

# 3 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Hapag-Lloyd Kreuzfahrten GmbH, Ballindamm 25, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany Name of vessel MV BREMEN Country of registry of vessel Nassau/Bahamas No. 716244 Number of voyages 5 (BRE 0500 to BRE 0504) Max. # of staff/crew/pax BRE0500: 12/94/164 BRE0501: 12/94/164 BRE0502: 12/94/164 BRE0503: 12/94/164 BRE0504: 12/94/164 Port of departure to Antarctica BRE0500 to BRE0504: Ushuaia (Argentina) Port of arrival from Antarctica BRE0500 to BRE0503: Ushuaia (Argentina) BRE0504: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Date of departure / arrival BRE0500: 20.12.04 / 07.01.05 BRE0501: 07.01.05 / 18.01.05 BRE0502: 18.01.05 / 05.02.05 BRE0503: 05.02.05 / 16.02.05 BRE0504: 16.02.05 / 06.03.05 Areas of operation A1 & A3 sites and dates of landing

Time # Date of day Location Site Type of activity Updated pattern of data entry presently used as of 20.08.04 BRE 0500 1 30.12.04 P.m. South Orcadas Station Zodiac landing, Orkney (ORCA) station visit Islands 2 31.12.04 P.m. Elephant Cape Lookout (LOOK) Visit of old whaling Island station 3 01.01.05 A.m. Deception Whalers Bay (WHAL) Visit of old whaling Island station 4 01.01.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols

50 (PEND) 5 01.01.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 6 01.01.05 P.m. Livingston Hannah Point (HANN) Zodiac landing Island 7 02.01.05 A.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising Bay (ALMI) 8 02.01.05 P.m. Wiencke Port Lockroy (LOCK) BAS Station Zodiac Island landing 9 03.01.05 A.m. Petermann three potential landing Zodiac landing Island sites (PETE) 10 03.01.05 P.m. Argentine Vernadsky Station Station visit Islands (VERN) 11 04.01.05 A.m. Andvord Bay Neko Harbor (NEKO) Zodiac landing 12 04.01.05 P.m. Cuverville Landing on the north Zodiac landing Island side 13 05.01.05 A.m. Melchior Zodiac cruising Islands BRE 0501 1 09.01.05 P.m. Elephant Cape Lookout (LOOK) Zodiac landing Island 2 10.01.05 A.m. King George Bellinghausen Station visit island 3 10.01.05 P.m. Aitcho Island Zodiac landing (AITC) 4 11.01.05 A.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 5 11.01.05 P.m. Hope Bay Esperanza Station visit (HOPE) 6 12.01.05 A.m. Deception Whalers Bay (WHAL) Visit old whaling Island station 7 12.01.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 8 12.01.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) Bathing in fumarols 9 12.01.05 P.m. Livingston Hannah Point (HANN) Zodiac landing Island 10 13.01.05 A.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Bay (ALMI) 11 13.01.05 P.m. Petermann three potential landing Zodiac landing Island sites (PETE) 12 14.01.05 A.m. Cuverville Landing on the north Zodiac landing Island side (CUVE) 13 14.01.05 P.m. Anvers Palmer Station Station visit Island 14 15.01.05 A.m. Melchior Zodiac cruising Islands (MELC) BRE 0502 1 28.01.05 P.m. South Signy Station Station visit Orkney Islands 2 29.01.05 P.m. Elephant Point Lookout (LOOK) Zodiac landing

51 Island 3 30.01.05 A.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 4 30.01.05 P.m. Hope Bay Esperanza Station visit (HOPE) 5 31.01.05 A.m. Livingston Hannah Point (HANN) Zodiac landing Island 6 31.01.05 P.m. Deception Whalers Bay (WHAL) Visit old whaling Island station 7 31.01.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 8 31.01.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 9 01.02.05 A.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising Bay (ALMI) 10 01.02.05 P.m. Petermann three potential landing Zodiac landing Island sites (PETE) 11 02.02.05 A.m. Melchior Zodiac cruising Islands (MELC) BRE 0503 1 07.02.05 P.m. Elephant Point Lookout (LOOK) Zodiac landing Island 2 08.02.05 A.m. Penguin AnLanding on the north Zodiac landing Island side (PENG) 3 08.02.05 P.m. King George Arctowski (ARCT) Station visit island 4 09.02.05 A.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 5 09.02.05 P.m. Brown Bluff Zodiac landing (BROW) 6 10.02.05 A.m. Deception Whalers Bay (WHAL) Visit of the old Island whaling station 7 10.02.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 8 10.02.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 9 P.m. Livingston Hannah Point (HANN) Zodiac landing Island 10 11.02.05 A.m. Cuverville Landing on the north Zodiac landing Island side (CUVE) 11 11.02.05 P.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Bay (ALMI) 12 11.02.05 Zodiac cruising 13 12.02.05 A.m. Petermann three potential landing Zodiac landing Island sites (PETE) 14 12.02.05 P.m. Wiencke Isl. Port Lockroy (LOCK) Station visit 15 13.02.05 A.m. Melchior Cruising Islands (MELC) BRE 0504 1 19.02.05 A.m. Aitcho Island Zodiac landing (AITC)

52 2 19.02.05 P.m. Livingston Hannah Point (HANN) Zodiac landing Island 3 20.02.05 A.m. Paradise Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising Bay (ALMI) 5 20.02.05 P.m. Petermann three potential landing Zodiac landing Island sites (PETE) 6 21.02.05 A.m. Trinity Island Mikkelsen Harbor Zodiac landing (MIKK) 7 21.02.05 P.m. Astrolabe Zodiac landing Island (ASTR) 8 22.02.05 A.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 9 22.02.05 P.m. Hope Bay Esperanza Station visit (HOPE) 10 23.02.05 A.m. Elephant Cape Lookout (LOOK) Zodiac landing Island

# 4 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Hapag-Lloyd Kreuzfahrten GmbH, Ballindamm 25, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany Name of vessel MV HANSEATIC Country of registry of vessel Nassau/Bahamas No. 720407 Number of voyages 5 (HAN 0399 to HAN 0504) Max. # of staff/crew/pax HAN0501: 12/115/188 HAN0502: 12/115/188 HAN0503: 12/115/188 HAN0504: 12/115/188 HAN0505: 12/115/188 Port of departure to Antarctica HAN0501: Puerto Montt (Chile), HAN0502 to HAN0505: Ushuaia (Argentina) Port of arrival from Antarctica HAN0501 to HAN 0505: Ushuaia (Argentina) Date of departure and arrival HAN0501: 03.01.05, 18.01.05 HAN0502: 18.01.05, 29.01.05 HAN0503: 29.01.05, 16.02.05 HAN0504: 16.02.05, 02.03.05 HAN0505: 02.03.05, 10.03.05 Areas of operation A1 & A3 sites and dates of landing

53 # Date Time Location Site Type of activity of day HAN Updated pattern 0501 of entry presently used as of 20.08.04 1 12.01.05 A.m. Halfmoon Island NordOst Seite Zodiac landing (HALF) (HALF) 2 12.01.05 P.m. Deception Whalers Bay Visit old whaling station Island (WHAL) 3 12.01.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 4 12.01.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 5 13.01.05 A.m. Cuverville Island Landing on the Zodiac cruising (CUV) north side 6 13.01.05 P.m. Paradise Bay Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising (ALMI) 7 14.01.05 A.m. Petermann three potential Zodiac landing Island (PETE) landing sites 8 14.01.05 P.m. Wiencke Isl. Port Lockroy BAS Station, Zodiac Jugla Point (LOCK) landing 9 15.01.05 P.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 10 16.01.05 A.m. King George Arctowski Station visit Island Station (ARCT) HAN 0502 1 23.01.05 P.m. Elephant Island Cape Lookout Zodiac landing (LOOK) 2 24.01.05 A.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 3 25.01.05 A.m. Paradise Bay Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising (ALM) 5 25.01.05 P.m. Petermann three potential Zodiac landing Island (PETE) landing sites 5 26.01.05 A.m. Deception Whalers Bay Visit of the old whaling Island (WHAL) station 6 26.01.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 7 26.01.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 8 26.01.05 P.m. Livingston Hannah Point Zodiac landing Island (HANN) 9 27.01.05 A.m. King George Jubani (JUBA) Zodiac landing, station visit island HAN 0503 1 09.02.05 A.m. South Orkney Orcadas Station Zodiac landing Islands (ORCA) 2 10.02.05 A.m. Elephant Island Cape Lookout Zodiac landing (LOOK) 3 11.02.05 A.m. Aitcho Island Zodiac landing (AITC) 4 11.02.05 P.m. Deception Whalers Bay Visit of the old whaling Island (WHAL) station 5 11.02.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND)

54 6 11.02.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 7 12.02.05 A.m. Paradise Bay Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising (ALMI) 8 12.02.05 P.m. Petermann three potential Zodiac landing Island (PETE) landing sites 9 13.02.05 A.m. Crystal Sound Cruising Cruising 10 13.02.05 P.m. Detaille Island BAS Hut Zodiac landing (DETA) HAN 0504 1 18.02.05 P.m. Penguin Island Landing on the Zodiac landing (PENG) north side 2 19.02.05 A.m. Paulet Island Zodiac landing (PAUL) 3 19.02.05 P.m. Devil Island Zodiac landing (DEVI) 4 20.02.05 A.m. Weddel Sea Cruising 5 20.02.05 P.m. Snow Hill Island Zodiac landing (SNOW) 6 21.02.05 A.m. Aitcho Island Zodiac landing (AITC) 7 21.02.05 P.m. Halfmoon Island Nord Ostseite Zodiac landing (HALF) 8 22.02.05 A.m. Wiencke Island Port Lockroy BAS Station, Zodiac (LOCK) landing 9 22.02.05 P.m. Paradise Bay Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising (ALMI) 10 23.02.05 A.m. Petermann three potential Zodiac landing Island (PETE) landing sites 11 23.02.05 P.m. Argentine Vernadsky Base Station visit Islands (VERN) 12 24.02.05 A.m. Crystal Sound Cruising Cruising 13 24.02.05 P.m. Detaile Island Zodiac landing (DETA) 14 25.02.05 A.m. Adelaide Island Rothera Base Station visit (ROTH) 15 26.02.05 A.m. Melchior Islands Zodiac cruising (MELC) 16 26.02.05 P.m. Cuverville Island Landing on the Zodiac cruising (CUVE) north side 17 27.02.05 A.m. Deception Whalers Bay Visit of the old whaling Island (WHAL) station 18 27.02.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 19 27.02.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 20 27.02.05 P.m. Livingston Hannah Point Zodiac landing Island (HANN) HAN 0505 1 04.03.05 P.m. King George Arctowski Station visit Island Station (ARCT) 2 05.03.05 A.m. Paradise Bay Almirante Brown Zodiac cruising (ALMI) 3 05.03.05 P.m. Andvord Bay Neko Harbor Zodiac landing (NEKO) 4 06.03.05 A.m. Pleneau Island Zodiac landing 55 (PLEN) 5 06.03.05 P.m. Wienecke Island Port Lockroy BAS Station, Zodiac (LOCK) landing 6 07.03.05 A.m. Deception island Whalers Bay Visit of the old whaling (WHAL) station 7 07.03.05 Pendulum Cove Bathing in fumarols (PEND) 8 07.03.05 Telefon Bay (TELE) 9 07.03.05 P.m. Halfmoon Island Nord Ostseite Zodiac landing (HALF)

# 5 Ship-based Operation Name of operator Plancruises & Partner GmbH Obernstraße 76, 28195 Bremen Name of vessel MV VISTAMAR Country of registry of vessel Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) Number of voyages 2 (VIS01/05 & VIS02/05) Max. # of staff/crew/pax VIS01/05: 10/16/262 VIS02/05: 12/18/263 Port of departure to Antarctica VIS01/05: Buenos Aires (Argentina) VIS02/05: Punta Arenas (Chile) Port of arrival from Antarctica VIS01/05: Punta Arenas (Chile) VIS02/05: Buenos Aires (Argentina) Date of departure / arrival VIS01/05: 20.12.04 / 04.01.05 VIS02/05: 04.01.05 /19.01.05 Areas of operation A1 & A3 sites and dates of landing

# Date Location/Site Type of activity VIS 01/05 1 29.12.04 Arctowski Zodiac landing 2 29.12.04 Mikkelsen Harbor Zodiac landing 3 30.12.04 Neumayer Channel Ship Cruise 4 30.12.04 Almirante Brown Zodiac landing 5 30.12.04 Cuverville Island Zodiac landing 6 31.12.04 Deception Island Zodiac landing 7 31.12.04 Jubany/Dallmann Zodiac landing VIS 02/05 1 08.01.05 Melchior Islands Zodiac landing 2 08.01.05 Almirante Brown Zodiac landing 3 08.01.05 Cuverville Zodiac landing 4 09.01.05 Whalers Bay Zodiac landing 5 09.01.05 Deception Island Zodiac landing 6 09.01.05 Half Moon Island Zodiac landing 7 10.01.05 Esperanza Station Station visit 8 11.01.05 Jubany/Dallmann Station visit

56 2.3 Permit information

2.3.1 Visits to Protected Areas

During the period 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005, 26 permits were issued under Annex V of the Protocol for scientific purposes:

1) for ASPA 132 (Potter Peninsula) ten (10) permits: Matthias Koop, Anja Nord, Angela Wulff, Hartwig Krumbeck, Katharina Zacher, Ulrich Schneider, Maren Lieneweg, Michael Roleda, Jana Barenbock and Ralf Rautenberg.

2) for ASPA 150 (Ardley Island) ten (10) permits: Hans-Ulrich Peter, Marcus Ritz, Osama Mustafa, Anne Fröhlich, Christina Büßer, Matthias Koop, Anja Nord, Steffen Hahn, Elke Böhm and Simone Pfeiffer.

3) for ASPA 125 (Fildes Peninsula) six (6) permits: Hans-Ulrich Peter, Osama Mustafa, Christina Büßer, Markus Ritz, Anne Fröhlich and Simone Pfeiffer.

2.3.2 Taking and harmful interference with flora and fauna

During the period 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005, four (4) permits were issued under Annex II of the Protocol for scientific purposes. One permit was issued for catching, ringing, and blood sampling at two different bird species/genera: Oceanites oceanicus (max. 30 Individuals) and Catharacta ssp. (max. 280 Individuals). It was also issued for feeding chicks of Oceanites oceanicus (max. 5 Juveniles), exchanging eggs at Catharacta ssp. (max. 20 breeding pairs) and fitting four individuals of Catharacta ssp. with satellite transmitters. Location: Fildes Peninsula, Ardley Island and Potter Peninsula, King George Island Title: A) Antarctic Skuas (Catharacta spec.) and their life-history parameters B) Impact of various environmental conditions on the ecology relation to nesting, feeding and population of Wilsons Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanites) (University Jena) Three permits were issued for flying or landing helicopters or other aircraft in a manner that disturbs concentrations of birds and seals. Location: Scotia and Weddell Sea Title: A) Development of visual and acoustic methods for locationing marine mammels (AWI) B) Surface properties and processes of perennial Antarctic sea ice in summer (AWI) C) GPS-data survey on the geodetic reference point Signy (AWI)

2.3.3 Introduction of non-native species

During the period 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005, one (1) permit was issued under Annex II of the Protocol, which allowed importing spores of Bacillus subtilis (fixed on polyester foils) for scientific purposes into the Antarctica Treaty Area. In the permit, the proponent was required to make sure that the spores could not be released into the Antarctic environment.

2.4 Environmental Information

2.4.1 Compliance with the Protocol

None

2.4.2 List of IEEs and CEEs

During the period 1 October 2004 to 30 September 2005, for three licensing procedures, three Initial Environmental Evaluations (IEE), and no Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) were conducted, in accordance with Annex I, Article 2, of the Protocol of Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. During the period 1 October 2004 to 30 September 05, one CEE (rebuilt of Neumayer III station) was in progress.

57 IEE Cruise activities The IEEs concerned 12 cruises with MV Hanseatic and MV Bremen as well as three cruises with MV Vistamar. Based on the IEEs, permits were issued on 07 October 2004 and on 27 October 2004, respectively.

Scientific activities An IEE was conducted for a hydrological research project with the hydroacoustic systems ADCP, POSIDONIA and RAFOS. On the basis of the IEE, a permit for this activity was issued on 18 January and 18 March 2005.

Category of EIA Permit No activity Type of activity Organisation type issued Scientific activities 1 Hydrological WECCON (Large scale processes Alfred- IEE 18.01.05/ survey and long-term variations of Wegener- 18.03.05 convection in the Weddell Sea) Institut, Bremerhaven Cruises 2 Cruises with Antarctic cruises of the MV Vistamar Plancruises & IEE 27.10.04 landings – 2004/05 Partner, Bremen 3 Cruises with Antarctic cruises of the MV Bremen Hapag-Lloyd IEE 07.10.04 landings and MV Hanseatic – 2004/05 ltd., Hamburg Annual List of any Initial Environmental Evaluations

2.4.3 Monitoring activities report

During the period 1 October 2004 to 31 September 2005, no significant information was obtained from the above-mentioned monitoring procedures.

2.4.4 Waste Management Plans

None

2.5 Relevant national legislation

None

2.6 Other information

2.6.1 Inspection reports None

2.6.2 Notice of Activities undertaken in Case of Emergencies

The accident of aircraft Dornier 228-101 (Polar 4) at Rothera station (topic 2.2.1(b)) required internationally coordinated activities.

The staff of Rothera station as well as BAS administration provided immediate assistance and support, in order to perform all necessary measures on site. The Chief pilot and 2 technicians stayed at Rothera until 7th February for disassembling the damaged aircraft for removal by ship. The removal of the aircraft from Rothera Base was coordinated with BAS. An additional call of RV Polarstern had to be arranged for Rothera station during her leg ANT XXII/3, in order to encounter RSS Ernest Shackleton there. This two ship operation for reloading became necessary because of small water depths

58 alongside the Biscoe wharf. The operation went smoothly on March 26. The removal of the aircraft pieces from the Treaty Area was accomplished when RV Polarstern was arriving Punta Arenas on April 06, 2005. It took another two months for shipping the aircraft back to Germany. All international assistance and co-ordination worked very well. The performed actions caused implications not only to BAS operations but also to the activities of other national programmes. The South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) provided additional bunker for RV Polarstern from the ship SA Agulhas when both ships stayed at Atka Bay in February 2005. So Polarstern has got additional ship days for the deviation to Rothera Base. The preparedness of all parties involved to provide assistance is considered by Germany as an excellent example of international co-operation in case of emergency.

59 3. PERMANENT INFORMATION

3.1 Science Facilities

3.1.1 Automatic Recording Stations and Observatories

Neumayer and Kohnen Station

Meteorological Observatory

Since March 1981 a meteorological observatory programme has been carried out at the Georg-von-Neumayer Station (70°37 'S, 8°22'W) continuously. The programme consists of 3 main parts: • 3-hourly routine synoptic observations, • daily upper air soundings, • surface radiation and mast measurements.

The new station, called Neumayer (70°39'S, 8°15'W) took over these activities in March 1992. The programme was extended to incorporate two new main parts: • upper air ozone soundings were included, • receiving of satellite picture (HRPT, DMSP) and the • surface radiation measurements were intensified.

The meteorological measurements are performed in close cooperation with the measurements of the air chemistry observatory at Neumayer. Both observatories contribute to the network of "Global Atmospheric Watch" from the WMO under the WMO-NO: 89002. For the third summer season the meteorological observatory of Neumayer will additionally offer a detailed and individual weather forecast service for all activities in Dronning Maud Land. This service is performed in close cooperation between the Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and the German Weather Service (DWD). For further information see: http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/MET/Neumayer/met.html

Geophysical Observatory

The geophysical observatory at the second base, Neumayer Station, is in operation since 1992. In this observatory the geophysical long term observations are continued which started already in 1982 at the first base, Georg-von-Neumayer Station. The main topics of the observatory are observations in following field: seismology and geomagnetism. Beside these two points with high priority in the continuous observatory work secondary programs had been carried out or are still running, e.g. measuring the melting rate at the bottom of the ice shelf. For seismogical research a local network with now three seismological stations is operated. This network consists of the observatory itself (VNA1) and two other remote stations. The remote stations are located on the ice rises Halvfar Ryggen (VNA2) and Søråsen (VNA3). They are located approx. 50 km and 85 km away from the base, in the Southeast and Southwest, resp.. These locations, where the ice is grounded, are much more suitable for seismological observations than the site of VNA1 on a floating ice shelf. The seismic seignals from these stations are transmitted digitally to the base for recording. At the site of VNA2 a small aperture, short period detection array was installed in the beginning of 1997. This array proved to be a powerfull tool for the detection of weak local and regional seismicity. In the beginning of 2003 another seismological station was installed at Kohnen Station, Amundsenisen. This station, which is a very broad band station, was designed to operate autonomously with data retrieval every year. Complementary to this local network a very broad band seismological station was set up at the South African base Sanae IV in the beginning of 1997. This station, with station code SNAA, has to be considered as integral part of the seismological network of Neumayer Station. Inside the geomagnetic observatory the Earth's magnetic field and its variations with time are continuously measured. A 3-component fluxgate triple sensor is installed to measure the three field components NS, EW and Z. To determine the absolute field values two proton precession magnetometers are buried in the snow somewhere in the vicinity of the geomagnetic observatory. The three field components are recorded at 1 Hz and then subsequently reduced to means of 1-minute and 1-hour intervals. Absolute values for the field

60 components are derived from manual determinations of declination D and inclination I. This is accomplished with a non-magnetic theodolite and a gyro-compass. Measurements are carried out every 2 to 3 days. For further information see: http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Geosystem/Observatory/index.html

Site name Coordinates Parameters Elevation (m) Frequency VNA1 (observatory) 70° 38.838 ' S earthquakes, 42 continuous 08° 15.935' W geomagnetic field, recording melting rate VNA2 (Halvfar Ryggen) 70° 55.524' S earthquakes approx. 350 continuous radio 07° 23.575' W transmission to Neumayer Station VNA3 (Søråsen) 71° 14.512' S earthquakes approx. 500 continuous 09° 40.112' W recording (until failure) Kohnen Station 75° 00' S Seismology approx. 2850 continuous 00° 00' E recording (until failure) Neumayer Station 70° 38.393' S PRARE Station 40 continuous 08° 15.688' W recording

Establishment of the IS27DE Infrasound Array

The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in close co-operation with the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) has installed an infrasound array IS27DE in the vicinity of the German “Neumayer” Antarctic Research base. The array named IS27DE is used for measuring micropressure fluctuations in the atmosphere. It is one of 60 elements of the global infrasound network of the International Monitoring System (IMS), which is being established for monitoring the compliance of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) with respect to atmospheric nuclear explosions. The infrasonic network has been designed to detect and locate worldwide any atmospheric nuclear explosion of 1 kiloton TNT equivalent or more. IS27DE is one of a total of four infrasound arrays which are being established for monitoring the atmosphere of Antarctica with its surrounding oceans: I55US (Windless Bight, USA), I03AU (Davis Base, Australia) and I54US (Palmer Station, USA). IS27DE consists of nine individual array elements. They have been distributed on a spiral at regularly increasing radii from the center point, resulting in a configuration like a “pinwheel” with an aperture of about 2 km. The center point of the array is about 3 km southwest of the Neumayer base. At each array element an insulated aluminum container (1200 × 800 × 500 mm) has been installed. It contains an MB2000 microbarometer, a Callisto Remote Field Authenticating Digitizer, a Telesto radio frequency data transceiver, and a power supply unit. Polyethylene foam insulation protects the sensor and the electronic devices from low temperatures. A post with a Yagi antenna a few meters from the container provides for continuous transmission of the infrasound data via radio telemetry at frequencies between 406 and 416 MHz. A GPS antenna supplies the time signals for the digitizer system. The array center station in the middle of the spiral is additionally equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer for measuring wind speed and wind direction, as well as with a temperature sensor. Both instruments are installed on a second post. Wind-noise reducing pipe arrays are used for suppressing wind-generated disturbances. They consist of 16 arms of 15-m long porous hoses, each encased in a perforated polyethylene pipe. These pipes have been laid out radially from each sensor position in the aluminium container starting alternately at a distance of 20 m and 10 m. Due to continuous snow accumulation, it will be necessary to dig out all nine array elements with their pipe arrays during the forthcoming Antarctic expedition and to re-install them on the surface every year. A new container placed on a platform on stilts about 800 m south of Neumayer houses the central array control system that provides power for the array elements and records the continuously incoming data streams from the IS27DE array before they are sent via the AWI satellite link to the German NDC (National Data Center) at BGR and to the IDC (International Data Center) of the CTBTO (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization) in Vienna. The equipment of the central array control system consists of a computer for data recording including a backup system, a radio frequency receiver system, power supply units, and an uninterrupted power supply. The nine array stations are connected to the central array control system by 2.6 – 4.0 km long power cables. I27DE cannot be operated without the infrastructure of the co-located Neumayer base, which provides the logistics and the personnel for array operation and maintenance, as well as power and communications. A fiber-optic cable and, alternatively, a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is used to connect the central array control system with the intranet of Neumayer base, which is again connected to the dedicated satellite link established between Neumayer base and AWI. For further details please notice www.seismologie.bgr.de

61 Air Chemistry Observatory at Neumayer Station (70.65°S 8.25°W (42 m a.s.l.))

The Air Chemistry Observatory is installed approximately 1.5 km south of Neumayer station which is located on the Ekström Ice shelf, about 8 km from the Atka Bay. During the summer months, the bay and the nearby coastline are mainly free of sea ice and there is always open water present. The German Antarctic research station "Neumayer" is operated continuously throughout the year with an over wintering staff of 9 persons. These include two scientists working in the fields of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry. Air chemistry observations are carried out in a dedicated observatory located 1500 m off the main station. The observation programme is maintained jointly by AWI, and the University of Heidelberg. The observation programme comprises the following observables:

category sampling method analysed compounds institute (sampling interval) long lived compressed air (200 bar) 13 2 14 IUPH SF6, CH4, CH4, CH3 H, CH4 (every week, spot measurement) 85 trace gases Kr IUPH/IAR compressed air (2 bar) 13 18 IUPH CO2, CO2, CO O (flask sampling) N O, CH (every week, spot 2 4 measurement) absorption (in NaOH) 14 IUPH CO2 (one week) 2 18 3 Water vapour cryogenic sampling H2O, δ H, δ O, H IUPH (10 days) 2- - - + + reactive low volume sampling SO4 , NO3 , Cl , MSA, Na , NH4 , AWI trace gases (teflon/nylon filter combination) HNO3, SO2 (1day) 2- - - + + aerosol high volume sampling SO4 , NO3 , Cl , MSA, Na , NH4 , ... AWI 15 - 34 2- (Whatman 541 filter) (δ N (NO3 ), δ S (SO4 ) )* IUPH/ÖFS (1 week) high volumel sampling 210Pb, 7Be, (10Be)* IUPH (2 weeks) 2- - - + + fresh snow (occasionally) SO4 , NO3 , Cl , MSA, Na , NH4 , ... AWI δ2H, δ18O GSF/AWI

Table 1: Summary of the actual sampling program. Abbreviations and symbols: *measured only during special campaigns; AWI, Alfred Wegener Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven; GSF, Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH, Institut für Hydrologie, München-Neuherberg; IAR, Institut für Atmosphärische Radioaktivität, Freiburg; IUPH, Institut für Umweltphysik der Universität Heidelberg; ÖFS, Österreichisches Forschungszentrum, Seibersdorf.

Property method institute (sampling interval)

aerosols particles (>10 nm), condensation nuclei counter AWI (5 min) physical properties ultra fine particles (>3 nm), condensation nuclei counter AWI (5 min) aerosol size distribution 0.5-20 optical particle counter AWI (1 hour) black carbon, aerosol absorption aethalometer AWI (4 hours) aerosol scattering, integrating nephelometer AWI (10 min) trace gases 222Rn , α-spectroscopy of 214Po IUPH (3 hrs) surface O3 UV-absorption AWI ,(5 min) trace gases column density of O3, NO2, OClO, UV spectroscopy (DOAS) IUPH (10 min)

Table 2: Summary of the actual in situ measuring program. Abbreviations and symbols see Table 1.category

For further information see: http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/GPH/SPUSO.html and http://www.empa.ch/gaw/gawsis/reports.asp

Remote Aerosol sampler at Kohnen Station (75°S 0°E (2892 m a.s.l.)

The main focus of our work at Kohnen Station (EPICA-DML) is year-round aerosol measurements by means of an automated aerosol sampler. The equipment was set up during January 2003 in a purpose-built container located in the clean-air sector about 300 m north-easterly of the drilling trench. Electric power supply is realized by a combination of a wind turbine and solar panels, buffered by Ni/Cd batteries. The aerosol sampler consists of 22 filter holders, each one equipped with a teflon/nylon filter combination. Hence in total 22 aerosol samples per year are achievable with an individual sampling period of 15 days. The chemical composition of the aerosol samples will be analysed by ion chromatography (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, MSA-, Na+, Ca2+, NH4+). The project is a close cooperation with the Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg (IUPH).

3.1.2 Scientific equipment

(a) RV Polarstern

Main Communication Systems: 2 INMARSAT-B plants, NERA Saturn B 1 IRIDIUM System, EUROCOM MARINE

Working Deck Areas and laboratories: After Deck: 40 m long, 14 m width (partly fixed installations), 560 sq m Helicopter Deck: 18 m X 15 m, 270 sq m 15 Lab-Containers (ISO 20 ft) could be installed inside the ship at E-Deck (10), at F-Deck (5) 5 dry laboratories, 2 wet laboratories, 3 PC laboratories

Winch Systems: A-Frame (30 to) at after deck 2 traction winches (pull 30 to) 2 hydrographical winches (pull 5 to), armoured coaxial cable (11 mm, length 7000 m 1 hydrographical winch (pull 5 to), armoured coaxial cable (18 mm, length 8000 m operated on the traction winches 2 geological winches (pull 20 to) wire (18 mm, length 10.000 m) operated on the traction winches 1 cantilevered beam (5 to) 1 cantilevered beam (20 to)

63 main crane (25 to, 25 m forward) Midships crane (15 to at 16 m and 10 to at 24 m) After deck crane, port, 5 to at 18 m

Scientific instrumentation: fiber optic based 100 MB network, 200 TP, RJ45 ports and 800 fiber optic direct connections 3 X SISCO 6509 routers Main computer system, 3 X SUN Enterprise 2500 30 PC, display and working PC (COMPAQ Deskpro 6600) Data-Logging system: PODAS, about 120 sensors Atlas Hydrographic DS 2 multibeam swath bathymetry system Atlas Hydrographics PARASOUND, parametric sub-bottom profiler SIMRAD Deep Water Sounder (DWS 500), scientific and navigation sounder SIMRAD EK 60 fishery sounder, four frequencies (38, 70, 120, 200 kHz) SCANMAR net sonde Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Short Base under Water Navigation System, POSIDONIA 6000 2 X SeaBird Thermosalinograph, SBE 21 1 X CTD system, SEABIRD SBE 911 Plus, Deck unit SBE 11 Plus and 24 X 12 rosette sampler XBT-System, Sippican & Nautilus Ship Magnetometer Gravimeter Seismic compressor for air gun, Leobersdorfer, 32 l /minute, 210 bar Air gun handling equipment. Meteorological observatory including: Radio Sounding System, VAISALA All sensors and data acquisition system SeaSpace HRPT-Satellite image receiving system

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/polarstern.html

(b) Neumayer station

Main Communication Systems: Permanent Data Link via INTELSAT to Bremerhaven, 128 kBit/s including Vox and Fax 1 Iridium system, Eurocom Marine 1 INMARSAT-A-Plant, Vox, Fax and Telex

Computer and Network: Fiber optic based 100 MB network, 50 TP, RJ45 ports, direct access to the Internet 2 SISCO 2621 routers Main computer system, 2 X SUN Fire V120 10 Windows PC Wireless LAN, CISCO Aironet 3 Printers, Scanner and copy machine

Meteorological Observatory: Radio Sounding System – Digi Cora III (Vaisala) All sensors and data acquisition systems needed for data logging: Wind speed, wind direction (two levels 2, 10 m), Temperature (two levels 2, 10 m), humidity (two levels 2, 10 m), solar radiation, visibility, ceiling (BSRN station) SeaSpace HRPT-Satellite image receiving system Data logging system

Geophysical Observatory: Magnetometer station Glaciological work and measurements Infra Sound Network (IS 27) Data logging systems Seismometer network at different locations up to 100 km distance from station consisting of seismological detection array VN A2 at Halvfar-Ryggen and 3-component station VN A3 on Søråsen Ice Rise. HF data link to the main station. 64

Air Chemistry Observatory: Air sampler using high and low volume pumps and impactors Particle counters Aerosol Sampler Trace gases detectors (DOAS) C-13, C-14 Samplers Data logging systems

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/neumayer1.html

ice coring equipment combined bench for measuring dielectric properties (DEP) and density continuous aerosol sampling equipment automatic weather stations 3-component STS-2 broadband seismometer together with a RefTek data acquisition unit automated aerosol sampler for year-round measurements wind turbine and solar panels

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/Kohnen/index.html

(d) Dallmann Laboratory

wet and dry laboratories controlled temperature room with aquaria light microphysical equipment instruments for physiological studies spectroradiometer Scuba diving equipment and facilities Zodiak and boats for diving and dredging in shallow waters

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/dallmann.html

(e) GARS O’Higgins

Operation concept: campaigns (110d/y), multimission capability ERS 2, NOAA, BIRD, CHAMP, ENVISAT, TERRA Modis, AQUA Modis, Satellites: VLBI operations Reflectorsize: 9 m Receptionband: L/S/X-band Pedestal: El/Az, +9° tilt angle SystemGain/Temp.: 14 dB/K (L); 19 dB/K (S); 33 dB/K (X) Tracking: auto and program tracking GPS, IRIG-A/B, Caesium, Maser DLT, CD, Near Real Time Data Link DAS (Direct Archive System / MacDonald Dettwiler), Recording: MDPS (Multi Data Processing System) / ACS ( Advanced Computer Systems) SLRDPF / Kongsberd MDPS (Multi Data Processing System) / ACS ( Advanced Computer Systems) Processing: Main Archive and Processing at D-PAF (DLR – OP)

Technical details of the Receiving Station, for further information see http://vlbi.leipzig.ifag.de/ohiggins/ 65 (f) Do228-101 aircraft (Polar2)

Meteorological Instruments Basic instrumentation METEOPOD Turbulence Probing System Radiation Measurements

Surface Remote Sensing Instruments Line Scanner Systems Laser Altimeter Surface Thermometer

Optional Equipment PMS probes for in-situ cloud measurements Sun Photometers Gas Analysers Photogrammetric Camera

Geophysical Instruments Geometrics G833 Metastable Helium Magnetometer Gradient Magnetometer System Modified ships gravimeter Geodedic GPS receivers Radio Echo Sounding System

Data Acquisition and Monitoring Systems

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/flugzeuge.html

3.2 Operational Information

A. Stations

(a) Summer and winter operation

Station Position Opened Remarks Neumayer Station 70°39 'S, 31 March 1992 Operated by AWI, permanently occupied. 08°15'W Science: observatories for meteorology, air chemistry, geophysics. Logistics: base for aircraft missions and surface traverses. German Antarctic 63°19'S since 1992 Operated by DLR in co-operation with INACH Receiving Station 57°54'W (Chile), occupied during campaigns in winter and (GARS) summer. Annex to Station General B. O'Higgins Science: satellite data acquisition, VLBI and GPS (Chile). measurements.

Neumayer Station (70°39‘S, 08°15‘W, 40 m a.s.l.) The Neumayer Station is the permanently occupied German research station located at the Eckstrøm ice- shelf of the Atka Bay. The station was commissioned in 1992 and replaced the former Georg von Neumayer station established in 1981. The station operates scientific observatories, and it is used as the operational base for aircraft missions and deep field traverses with the polar vehicle fleet during the summer season.

66 The station is constructed on ice. The central facility is a steel tube system consisting of two main tubes (eastern tube 82 m, western tube 92 m in length), a 92 m long cross tube and a garage for polar vehicles. The tube diameter is between 8 and 8.4 m. The total area is 3420 sqm. The tube system accommodates 56 containerised modules such as sleeping rooms, laboratories, mess, hospital, social rooms, kitchen, snowmelter, power plant with two diesel generators (100 KW each) and 1 emergency generator (50 KW), air- condition and ventilation control system, workshop, warehouse and other technical facilities. The cross tube accommodates tank containers and food store. Other structures on steel platforms are the Radom with dish antenna, balloon launching shed, wind generator and air chemistry laboratory. Scientific and technical equipment is at a high level standard. The local computer network serves laboratories and the data acquisition systems of the observatories and measurement sites. Communication, data transfer and Internet connection is performed via a permanent satellite link (64 kbit/s). Further communication equipment is Inmarsat A, VHF and HF facilities. The key wintering staff is 1 station leader/physician, 4 scientists, 3 technicians, 1 cook. During summer season about 30 to 60 scientists and technicians are temporarily at the station. These are scientists and technicians for maintenance works at the station, aircraft missions and traverses departing for Kohnen Station. Outdoor facilities are set up such as modules for accommodation of personnel, aircraft landing strip, fuel tank containers, track vehicles and transportation facilities. RSV "Polarstern" until the middle of December regularly performs supply every year. At the end of February or beginning of March other ships are usually requested to perform the resupply operation. Currently SANAP provides assistance by SA ”Agulhas” in the frame of logistic co-operation. On station science is based on three observatories carrying out long-term measurements. The meteorological observatory regularly performed radiation measurements, balloon-borne soundings of the atmosphere and synoptical observations contributing to networks of WMO (GTS, GAW, BSRN) and NDSC. Meteorological staff additionally provided local weather information for airborne, ship and field operations during summer season. The air chemistry observatory is designed for contamination-free sampling and in-situ measurements of trace gases and aerosols in the boundary layer. The long-term programme is focussed on sampling, in-situ measurements and optical observations to analyse green-house gases snow samples, stratospheric trace gases and spectral optical properties of aerosols. Long-term recordings of the geophysical observatory are mainly used for recording of global and regional seismic activity as well as to continuously record temporal variations of the Earth magnetic field.

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/neumayer1.html

German Antarctic Receiving station (GARS) (63°19 'S, 57°54'W)

DFD's Antarctic Station was designed to meet the needs of the German Antarctic and geodetic research community for data from the south polar region. The high data rates of SAR sensors made it necessary to locate the station within the study area, and after inspection of several sites, the Bernardo O'Higgins military base, operated by Chile, was selected because of its excellent conditions regarding infrastructure, bedrock foundation, and access.

Because satellite ground station technology is similar to what is required to measure continental drift by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), an important component of scientific investigations in the Antarctic, it was decided to create a facility which permitted combined ERS/VLBI operation. Data are processed by the D-PAF (processing and archiving facility) according to ESA standards and under ESA contract. Special products and the support of individual projects can be arranged on request of national and international users. According to availability of new satellites the acquisition program was extended to further earth observation satellites (ERS-2, LANDSAT, NOAA, TERRA-Modis, CHAMP) and is planned to be continue for ENVISAT and others. Performance of continental drift measurements by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) geodetic measurements and services like earth rotation monitoring and sea level measurements. Beside the usage of the main antenna system for data reception from satellites, BKG is using the system as a radio telescope for astronomical objects. Regular VLBI operations were started in January 1992. Additional sensors for geodetic applications are operated permanently (GPS, PRARE, tide-gauge sensors) or periodically (gravimetry). The station is in operation 90-120 days throughout the year, although the focus is on Antarctic summertime, when it is possible to obtain ground measurements for reference purposes, as well as to exchange personnel and magnetic tape data carriers, and bring in supplies and replacement parts.

For further information see: http://www.caf.dlr.de/caf/technologie/anlagen/bodenstationen/o_higgins/ and http://www.antarktis-station.de

(b) Summer operation only

Station Position Opened Remarks Kohnen Station 75°00 'S 11 January 2001 Operated by AWI, occupied during summer season. 00°04‘E Science: deep ice coring in the frame of EPICA.

Dallmann Laboratory 62°14'S since 1994 Operated by AWI and DNA, occupied during Annex station to 58°40'W summer season. Jubany Station (Argentina). Science: shallow water research, geophysics, biology, SCUBA diving facilities.

Kohnen Station (75° S, 00° E, 2892 m a.s.l.)

An outstanding highlight has been the construction of the first German summer station at the inland ice plateau of Dronning Maud Land. As part of AWI’s commitment to the European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) the Department of Logistics designed and constructed the station. The facility was commissioned in January 2001. Kohnen Station consists of a 32 m long and 8 m wide platform on steel pillars where 11 prefabricated container modules are mounted. The functions of these modules are radio room, mess room, kitchen, sanitary facilities, two sleeping rooms, snowmelter, store, workshop and power plant. Food store containers on sledges and additional sleeping modules can be parked beside the platform. Up to 20 persons can be accommodated. Communication facilities are Inmarsat B for data transmission, phone and fax. The power plant provides 80 kW with an average fuel consumption of 250 ltr. per day. The fuel depot consists of specially certificated tank containers mounted on sledges. For the deep ice coring a 66 m long, 6 m deep and 4.8 m wide trench was excavated and covered with a wooden roof. Furnishings and installations have been completed in January 2002 when deep ice coring began. A landing strip for small ski-equipped aircraft like Dornier 228 or Twin Otter completes logistic facilities. The distance between Neumayer and Kohnen is 757 km. Supply is mainly based on traverses. Design and power of towing vehicles meet the conditions, which are encountered at the inland ice plateau. The vehicle fleet consists of 6 towing vehicles, 12 sledges carrying piece goods and containers, and 5 sledges with tank containers and accommodation facilities. GPS navigation is used. Depending on weather conditions a traverse takes 9 to 14 days. Two traverses with up to 6 sledge trains are performed each field season carrying about 200 tons of construction material, scientific equipment, consumables and fuel.

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/Kohnen/index.html

Dallmann Laboratory (62°14‘S, 58°14‘W, 15 m a.s.l.)

The Dallmann Laboratory is located at the Argentinian Jubany station at King George Island. It was established as an international laboratory funded by the Instituto Antartico Argentino (IAA), The Netherlands Council of Earth and Life Sciences (NWO) and AWI in 1994. Since then it has been occupied during summer season each year. About 25 to 35 scientists from Germany, Argentina and The Netherlands are working in the laboratory each season. Research is focussed on marine and terrestrial biological studies, solar UV and ecophysiological investigations as well as geological field works. German research projects include investigations, which are in parallel carried out at Koldewey Station in the Arctic. The facility consists of one building with laboratories, workshop, store, social rooms and 12 berths and several container modules with aquarium and wet laboratories. AWI, NWO and IAA provide support for new technical and scientific installations. In 1998 a biological sewage treatment plant has been installed to improve the sewage disposal at Jubany station. In 2001 a new building has been constructed to currently accommodate

68 facilities for Scuba diving. In March 2005 3 new laboratories and one new store for dangerous good was build up. Logistics and supply of the laboratory is mainly performed in co-operation between AWI and IAA. On site support is provided by the technical staff of Jubany station. For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/dallmann.html

Base Position Opened Remarks Lillie Marleen Hut 71°12 'S 14 January 1980 Currently closed. Responsibility BGR. 164°31'E Gondwana Station 74°38'S 23 January 1983 Currently closed. Responsibility BGR. 164°13'E

B. Vessels

RV Polarstern, research and supply vessel/ice breaker, operated by AWI

Vessel Ownership:

Vessel name: Polarstern Vessel nationality: Germany Vessel owner: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Vessel operator: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Homeport: Bremerhaven, Germany

Vessel Characteristics: Vessel length in meters: 118 Vessel length in feet: 387 Beam (Breadth) in meters: 25 Beam in feet: 82 Draft in meters: 12.2 Draft in feet: 40 Displacement GRT: 17300

Vessel Performance and Capabilities: Cruising speed (knots, open water): 16 Propulsion power: 14000 kW Icebreaking capability: 1.5 meters at 5 knots

Research and supply vessel RSV Polarstern

The research and supply vessel RSV ”Polarstern” commissioned in 1982 is the major research tool for AWI’s activities. She provides ideal working conditions for almost all compartments of marine sciences, atmospheric as well as glaciological research ( http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/polarstern.html ). ”Polarstern” is designed as a high class ice breaking vessel (GL 100 A 5 ARC3 / MC ARC3 AUT). The overall- length is 118 m and maximum beam 25 m. Displacement and draught are 17.300 tons and 11.2 m, respectively. Propulsion is performed by 4 diesel engines providing approximately 14.000 KW. The maximum speed is 16 knots. The ship is able to sail through 2 m thick fast ice with a speed of 5 knots and it breaks fast ice up to 3 m thickness. Bow and stern thrusters assist to manoeuvre the ship, if required for special observations or for unloading operations at the ice shelf margin. The overall capacity is 124 persons with 38 to 44 berths for crew. About 50 to 70 scientists can be accommodated and provided with working facilities on board. The demand for using the ship has been permanently high during the years. Altogether about 5.500 scientists have been working on board until 2001. Amongst these 25% to 35% of guest scientists joined the cruise legs.

69 Since commissioning RSV ”Polarstern” has sailed about 950 millions of nautical miles with an average of 320 days on sea each year. Until now she completed 19 Antarctic and 17 Arctic expeditions. Highlights of Arctic expeditions have been joint operations with the Swedish icebreaker ”Oden” when the North Pole was firstly reached in September 1991. In 1998 she has been working with the Russian nuclear icebreaker ”Arktika” in the heavy accessible Alpha Ridge region. The latest co-ordinated operation was together with the icebreaker USCGC ”Healy” when after a detailed survey of the western Gakkel Ridge she completed her second visit at North Pole in September 2001. Antarctic cruises were performed to the Weddell, Bellingshausen and Amundsen Sea as well as waters around the Antarctic Peninsula where the supply of Neumayer Station is a regular task each year. In order to maintain the ship's standard at a continuously high scientific and technical level after almost 20 years of permanent operation a comprehensive conversion and modernization was commenced in 1998 and completed in 2001. The shipyard work was focussed on installation of advanced scientific and navigation technology, fiber optic data network and communication systems as well as improvement and reconstruction of lifting gears, cranes, winches, laboratories and other facilities. The reconstructed bridge with advanced navigation aids and electronic charts, the partially strengthened hull and other technical measures improve manoeuvring in heavy ice conditions. Appropriate cranes support onshore loading. Lifting gears and scientific winches are designed for launching and recovery of devices and sensors, fishing and deep sea sediment probing. Hydro-acoustic survey systems such as Hydrosweep, Parasound and fishery sounders can be continuously operated. The fiber optic network connects bridge, winch control room, laboratories and all scientific working places with several servers and distributes information of the central data acquisition system. Altogether 24 scientific laboratories, aquarium and refrigerating rooms are placed at disposal. Additionally up to 15 mobile laboratory containers can be installed. Facilities such as flight control, hangar, helideck, tanks and refuelling facilities are available for two helicopters BO 105 CBS 5 used for sea ice reconnaissance, transport of personnel and slingload as well as for scientific observations ( http://www.helitransair.com ). The weather station collected meteorological data provides forcast information and satellite imagery on sea ice distributions. Recently technical facilities and hydroacoustic navigation aids have been installed to deploy the remotely controlled underwater vehicle VICTOR 6000 for deep sea missions. RSV ”Polarstern” offers excellent working conditions. The advanced scientific and technical equipment and ability to navigate in heavy ice conditions in almost all regions of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans make her a leading platform of the international polar research fleet.

C) Aircraft

The Dornier 228-101 aircraft is well suited for missions in the harsh climate of polar regions. The combined wheel and ski gear enables take-off and landing at gravel and snow strips. The slow flight speed makes it an effective tool for survey missions. The aircraft’s high wing layout and large windows offer excellent conditions for visual observations. The unpressurised cabin has a rectangular cross-section and a level floor both features facilitate mission equipment installation and give the crew more room to move. On mission aircraft can operate up to 3600 m altitude with a minimum speed of 250 km/h. The cruise altitude on ferry flights is 7500 m with oxygen masks. On scientific missions the crew consists of 2 pilots, 1 technician and 2 scientists. Maximum transport capacity is 15 Pax. Fuel and total payload complement to 1.860 kg the value of which limits the flight time up to 6 hours. Polar 2 is mainly used for air-borne geophysical and glaciological survey missions as well as meteorological studies, in-situ air chemistry and radiation measurements. During Antarctic seasons the aircraft operates from Neumayer station. Mobilisation and demobilisation from Europe via South America is performed with support provided by the British stations Halley and Rothera.

For further information see http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Polar/flugzeuge-d.html and especially the users handbook. http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Logistics/Aircraft/nuhabu96.pdf

D) Aircraft landing Facilities

See AFIM

70 E) Communications facilities and frequencies

V – voice F – fax I-x - Inmarsat (A,B,C or M) IR – iridium + - E. Atlantic - 871, (581-telex); W. Atlantic - 874 (584); Indian – 873 (583); Pacific - 872(582)

Vessel Telephone / fax E-mail / telex Radio (HF / VHF)

R/V Polarstern +(870/1/2/3/4) 321 842 611 VIB [email protected] HF: 2,4,6,8,12,16 Mhz DBLK +(870/1/2/3/4) 321 842 711 VIB Germany +(870/1/2/3/4) 321 842 612 FIB 0581 321 842 614 (telex) VHF: channel 16, 71 +(870/1/2/3/4) 321 842 712 FIB 0581-321-842-714 (telex) 0581 421 125 510 (telex)

Stations Telephone / fax E-mail / telex Radio (HF / VHF)

Neumayer +871-112 0-171 VIA neumayer@awi- HF: 1145,1200,4059, 6210, bremerhaven.de Call sign: DLA21 +871-112 0-172 FIA 8265 KHz

70° 39´S, 08° 15´W +8816-214-19947 VIR Maritime VHF: channel 6, 16 0581-1120171 DAFS X (telex) Elevation: 40 m Air VHF: 123.45 MHz

Kohnen + 871-682623-235 VIM 0581-492621-311 (telex) HF 4104, 5177, 6210, 8265, 75° 00´S, 00° 00.1´E + 871-682623-236 FIM 9106 KHz Elevation: 2850 m + 8816-214-19949 VIR Maritime VHF channel 6, 16 Air VHF 123.45 MHz

Dallmann +870-382623512 VIB [email protected] Laboratory +870-382623513 FIB 62°14´S, 58° 40´W Elevation 15 m

Aircraft Telephone / fax E-mail / telex Radio (HF / VHF)

Dornier 228-101 + 8816-214-65048 VIR [email protected] VHF: 123,45 MHz Polar 2 Call sign: D-CAWI 0581-49-2621-677 (telex) HF: 8265, 6210 KHz

3.3 Waste Management Plans

Waste management plan has been developed by AWI for stations, ships and field parties. It is used for training and briefing of participants. The Waste management plan is available in German language.

For further information contact: [email protected] and [email protected]

Other waste management plans are being developed at present.

Annual reports on waste management for the cruises ships MV Hanseatic, MV Bremen and MV Vistamar as well as for land activities are being provided to the Umweltbundesamt.

71 3.4 Contingency Plans

The Contingency plan for Antarctic stations, ships and field parties of AWI is available.

For further information contact: [email protected] and [email protected]

For the German Neumayer Station, an Oil Spill Contingency Plan and Emergency Response Plan has been established. As far as ships are concerned, Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plans (SOPEPs) exist, in accordance with MARPOL regulations, for RV Polarstern, MV Vistamar, MV Hanseatic and MV Bremen.

An Emergency Manual Antarctica has been updated according to the COMNAP/SCALOP guidelines. The manual deals with an Oil Spill Contingency Plan and Plans for Other Contingencies for Neumayer Station, with Ship Loading Operations, Aircraft Operations, and with Traverses.

3.5 Inventory of Past Activities

An inventory containing the main past activities up to the year 2000 carried out by German research institutions has been completed. This inventory is being brought up to date at present.

3.6 Relevant National Legislation

The Federal Republic of Germany has taken the following measures to ensure compliance with the Protocol on Environmental protection to the Antarctic Treaty:

-- Adoption of the Act on the Protocol on Environmental Protection of 4 October 1991 to the Antarctic Treaty (Gesetz zum Umweltschutzprotokoll vom 4. Oktober 1991 zum Antarktis-Vertrag) of 22 September 1994 (Federal Law Gazette, part II, p. 2478 et seq.), as amended by Regulation of 21 September 1997 (Federal Law Gazette, part I, p. 2391 et seq.).

-- Adoption of the Act to Implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection of 4 October 1991 to the Antarctic Treaty (Gesetz zur Ausführung des Umweltschutzprotokolls vom 4. Oktober 1991 zum Antarktis- Vertrag) of 22 September 1994 (Federal Law Gazette, part I, p. 2594 et seq.), as amended by Regulation of 25 November 2003 (Federal Law Gazette, part I, p. 2304 et seq.).

-- Adoption of the Regulation on the Composition, Appointment and Procedure of an Independent Commission of Scientific Experts under Sec. 6 Para. 5 of the Act to Implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection of 22 September 1994 (Verordnung über Zusammensetzung, Berufung und Verfahren einer unabhängigen Kommission wissenschaftlicher Sachverständiger nach § 6 Abs. 5 des Umweltschutzprotokoll- Ausführungsgesetzes vom 22. September 1994) of 22 July 1999 (Federal Law Gazette, part I, p. 1660 et seq.).

-- Adoption of the Regulation on Specially Protected Areas, Specially Managed Areas, Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica (Verordnung über besonders geschützte Gebiete, historische Stätten und Denkmäler in der Antarktis) of 25 April 2005 (Federal Law Gazette, part II No. 10, p. 386 et seq.). This regulation replaces the previous on this subject of 10 July 2000.

-- Adoption of the Regulation on Costs for Official Acts under the Act to Implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection of 22 September 1994 (Kostenverordnung für Amtshandlungen nach dem Umweltschutzprotokoll-Ausführungsgesetz vom 22. September 1994) of 17 April 2001 (Federal Law Gazette, part I, p. 834 et seq.).

The Act on the Protocol on Environmental Protection of 4 October 1991 to the Antarctic Treaty entered into force on 6 October 1994. The Act to Implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection of 4 October 1991 to the Antarctic Treaty entered into force on 14 January 1998. Since then, a considerable number of licensing procedures has been concluded. To facilitate procedures, several questionnaires for applicants have been developed. Guidelines for waste management plans have also been set up.

72 The following national and international legal acts are available at www.umweltbundesamt.de/antarktis

• Antarctic Treaty • Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty - Survey • Act implementing the Environmental Protection Protocol • Convention on the Conservation of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) • Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS)

Contact-point for further questions: [email protected]