ANTARKTİKA’DA TÜRK ARAŞTIRMA ÜSSÜ KURULMASI II. ÇALIŞTAYI

ANTARKTİKA’YA YOL HARİTASI

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Burcu Özsoy Çiçek İTÜ Denizcilik Fakültesi

17 Haziran 2013

Resim: 2006 ODEN keşif – Burcu Özsoy Çiçek İÇERİK

• 2006 Antarktika keşif (ODEN buzkıran) • Motivasyon • Yol haritası

2006 ANTARKTİKA KEŞİF ODEN BUZ KIRAN GEMİSİ

Ozsoy-Cicek, B., ve diğerleri, 2008, The Discussion (TCD), pages: 623–647

ASPeCt ( Sea Processes and )

1 km

1 km 1 km

1 km

MOTİVASYON

Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var!

Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var!

Antarktika’da kurulu 29 ülkeye ait;

101 araştırma üssü bulunmaktadır (46 tanesi Antarktika Yarımadası ve çevresindeki adalardadır).

Ref: ÖZTÜRK, B., ATASOY, O., (Ed.) 2013. Antarktika’da Türk Araştırma Üssü Kurulması Çalıştayı, Türk Deniz Araştırmaları Vakfı, İstanbul, Türkiye, TÜDAV Yayın no: 37. Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var!

101 araştırma üssü (46 tanesi Antarktika Yarımadası) Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var! Finnish Antarctic Research SUMMER Finland 1988 Queen Land Program National Antarctic Scientific Vernadsky Research Base PERMANENT Ukraine 1994 Galindez Island Center Almirante Brown Antarctic Summer 1951 Argentine Antarctic Institute Base Amundsen–Scott United States Antarctic Geographical South Permanent United States 1957 Station Program Pole

Artigas Base Permanent Uruguay 1984 Uruguayan Antarctic Institute King George Island

National Institute of Polar Asuka Station UNMANNED OBSERVATION Japan 1985 Research Belgrano II Permanent Argentina 1979 Argentine Antarctic Institute

Bellingshausen Station Permanent 1968 King George Island

Bernardo O'Higgins Station Permanent 1948 Chilean Army, Logistics Antarctic Peninsula

Bharati Permanent India 2012 United States Antarctic Summer United States 1957 Program Captain Arturo Prat Base Permanent Chile 1947 Chilean Navy

Casey Station Permanent 1957 Australian Antarctic Division

Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Permanent Brazil 1984 Brazilian Antarctic Program King George Island Antarctic Base , Antarctic Permanent 2005 Station Replaced by Maitri Station India 1984~1991 Indian Antarctic Program Queen Maud Land

Princess Elizabeth Permanent Australia 1957 Australian Antarctic Division Land National Institute of Polar Dome Fuji Station Permanent Japan 1995 Queen Maud Land Research Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var! Dumont d'Urville Station Permanent France 1956 Adélie Land

Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva and Villa Las Permanent Chile 1969 Chilean Air Force King George Island Estrellas

Esperanza Base Permanent Argentina 1975 Argentine Antarctic Institute

Gabriel de Castilla Spanish Summer 1989 Marine Antarctic Station Replaced by Neumayer Georg von Neumayer Station 1981-1992 Alfred Wegener Institute Queen Maud Land Station Paradise Bay, Water Gonzalez Videla Station Summer Chile 1951 Chilean Air Force Boat Point.

Great Wall Station Permanent China 1985 King George Island

Halley Permanent 1956 Brunt

Henryk Arctowski Polish Permanent Poland 1977 Polish Academy of Sciences King George Island Antarctic Station

Jang Bogo Station Korea Antarctic Research Permanent 2014 Bay (proposed) Program Sør Rondane Jinnah Antarctic Station Summer Pakistan 1991 Pakistan Antarctic Programme Mountains, Queen Maud Land CSIC. Laboratory, South Bay, Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base Summer Spain 1988 investigation and meteorogical Livingston Island station.

Jubany Permanent Argentina 1953 Argentine Antarctic Institute King George Island Korea Antarctic Research Permanent South Korea 1988 King George Island Program Kohnen-Station Summer Germany 2001 Alfred Wegener Institute Queen Maud Land

Chinese and Antarctic Kunlun Station Summer China 2009 Administration Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var! Larsemann Hills, Romanian Polar Research Law-Racoviţă Station Summer Romania 1986 Princess Elizabeth Institute Land Oates Coast, Victoria Re-opening in 2007/2008 Russia 1971 Russian Antarctic Expedition Land

Machu Picchu Research Peruvian Antarctic Institute Admiralty Bay, King Summer Peru 1989 Station (INANPE) George Island

Maitri Station Permanent India 1989 Indian Antarctic Program

Maldonado Base Summer Ecuador 1990 Greenwich Island Seymour-Marambio Permanent Argentina 1969 Argentine Antarctic Institute Island

Oceanobiology, , , Geomorphology, , , Mario Summer Italy 1986 Meteorology, Climatology, , Magnetism and Ecology

Mawson Station Permanent Australia 1954 Australian Antarctic Division Mac Robertson Land

United States Antarctic McMurdo Station Permanent United States 1956 Program biological, geological and Mendel Polar Station Summer 2006 James Ross Island climate research glaciology, seismology, meteorology, polar lights, Station Permanent Russia 1956 cosmic radiation, and marine biology irregular (transshipment National Institute of Polar Mizuho Station Japan 1970 station) Research Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var! Russia Meteorolog Russian Antarctic Molodyozhnaya Station Re-opening in 2007/2008 1962 Belarus Expedition Neumayer Station Permanent Germany 1992 Alfred Wegener Institute Atka Bay Neumayer-Station III Permanent Germany 2009 Alfred Wegener Institute Atka Bay

Novolazarevskaya Station Permanent Russia 1961 Queen Maud Land

Argentine Antarctic Institute, , South Permanent Argentina 1904 Argentine Navy Orkney Islands

Science labs, a dock and a Permanent United States 1968 helicopter pad. Energy-passive research Princess Elisabeth Base Permanent 2007 Queen Maud Land station. Professor Julio Escudero Base Permanent Chile 1994 Chilean Antarctic Institute King George Island

Progress Station Summer Russia 1988 Russian Antarctic Expedition

Rothera Research Station Permanent United Kingdom 1975 British Antarctic Survey

Russkaya Station Re-opening in 2007/2008 Russia 1980 Russian Antarctic Expedition Marie Byrd Land

San Martín Base Permanent Argentina 1951 Argentine Antarctic Institute Barry Island

SANAE IV (South African South African National Vesleskarvet in 1962 (SANAE I) National Antarctic Expedition) Permanent Antarctic Programme Queen Maud Land

Biological research, laboratorial and meteorological Emona Anchorage, St. Kliment Ohridski Base Permanent Bulgaria 1988 measurements. First Eastern Livingston Island Orthodox chapel, St. Ivan Rilski

Antarctic physical environments, Southern Permanent New Zealand 1957 Ross Island Ocean and Antarctic ecosystems. Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var! National Institute of Polar Showa Station Permanent Japan 1957 East Ongul Island Research Summer (Permanent 1947- United , South 1947 British Antarctic Survey 1995) Kingdom Orkney Islands

Siple Station Permanent United States 1973 STAR Lab

Swedish Polar Research Svea Research Station Summer 1988 Queen Maud Land Secretariat

Tor Station Summer 1993 Norwegian Polar Institute Queen Maud Land

Troll Station Permanent Norway 1990 Norwegian Polar Institute Queen Maud Land

United States Antarctic West Antarctic Ice WAIS Divide Camp Summer United States 2005 Program, Collect a deep core

Swedish Polar Research Summer Sweden 1989 Queen Maud Land Secretariat

Vostok Station Permanent Russia 1957 Russian Antarctic Expedition

Zhongshan ( Yat-Sen) Polar Research Institute of Larsemann Hills in Permanent China 1989 Station China (PRIC) Prydz Bay Antarktikada yapıcak çok işimiz var! NASIL İŞLETİLİYOR BU ÜSLER 29 ülkeye ait 101 üs, bu üslere ait POLAR programlar ve enstitütüler tarafından işletiliyor ve yürütülüyor.

Finnish Antarctic Research Program – Finlandiya National Antarctic Scientific Center – Ukrayna Argentine Antarctic Institute – Arjantin United States Antarctic Program – A.B.D National Institute of Polar Research – Japonya Indian Antarctic Program – Hindistan Australian Antarctic Division – Avustralya Brazilian Antarctic Program – Brezilya Alfred Wegener Institute – Almanya British Antarctic Survey – İngiltere Korea Antarctic Research Program – Kore Pakistan Antarctic Programme – Pakistan Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration – Çin Romanian Polar Research Institute – Romanya South African National Antarctic Programme – Güney Afrika…

YOL HARİTASI 1.Türk Kutup Araştırma Programı (TüKAP) (Bilimsel boyutu) - Arktik Birimi

- Antarktik Birimi

Yapılacak çalışmalar: Deniz biyolojisi, Deniz kimyası, Oşinografi, Jeoloji, Jeomorfoloji, Buzullar (deniz ve kara), Meteoroloji, İklim bilimi, Seismoloji, Magnetism, ASPeCt gözlemleri ve ekoloji 1.Türk Kutup Araştırma Programı (TüKAP) (Bilimsel boyutu) SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research)

APECS (Association of Polar Early Career Scientists) 2. Diğer Antarktik Programlarla İletişime girilmesi Güney Kore - Korea Antarctic Research Program yetkileri ile (de) Brükselde görüşüldü. 3. Antarktika Antlaşmasına ek diğer protokollerin imzalanması (siyasi boyutu) Bakanlıklar (?) tarafından takibi

Gözlemci statüsünden çıkmak, Üs kurulumu için protokollere taraf olmak 4. Lojistik ve Antarktika koşullarına uyum sağlama eğitimleri (akademisyen ve personelin beyinsel/ruhsal ve fiziksel olarak hazırlanması) TEŞEKKÜRLER!

Resim: 2006 ODEN keşif – Burcu Özsoy Çiçek