DOCSLIB.ORG

Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130 Acta Mycologica Article ID: 55212 DOI: 10.5586/am.55212 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER in MYCOLOGY Publication History Received: 2020-05-16 Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Accepted: 2020-11-20 Published: 2021-03-05 Species Introduced 130 Years Ago, Into Handling Editor Warmia, Poland Anna Kujawa; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of 1* 2 Marta Damszel , Sławomir Piętka , Sciences, Poland; 3 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0001- Andrzej Szczepkowski , Zbigniew Sierota 9346-2674 1Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland , Authors Contributions 2Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ZS and SP: designing the concept, Olsztyn, Poland experimental structure; ZS, SP, AS, 3Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland and MD: data analysis, writing of the manuscript; SP performed the *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] experiments; ZS, AS, and MD reviewing and editing of the manuscript Abstract Funding In fall 2018 and 2019, we assessed colonization by fungi on Douglas fr trees The studies were fnanced by the [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and red University of Warmia and Mazury cedar (Tuja plicata D. Don.) on selected experimental plots of the former in Olsztyn, statutory funds of Department of Forestry and Prussian Experimental Station, where nonnative tree species were introduced Forest Ecology. from North America over a century ago. Te presence of sporocarps on trunks, root collars, and stumps as well as the litter layer in the soil within a radius of 0.5 Competing Interests m around the trunk of the tree was determined. Additionally, the volume of dead No competing interests have wood on the forest foor of the entire plot was assessed. We recorded numerous been declared. fungi on trees and stumps as well as in the litter and soil. For the 31 plots in 12 Copyright Notice forest districts, we determined 745 sporocarps of 48 taxa, with 335/19 on the © The Author(s) 2020. This is an wood of P. menziesii trees and stumps, 377/15 on P. strobus, and 33/6 on T. plicata open access article distributed trees. Te highest share of trees with various trunk damage levels was found for T. under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, plicata (70.3%) and the lowest for P. menziesii (6.2%). Among the root parasitic which permits redistribution, fungi, Heterobasidion sp. and Armillaria sp. were found, especially on the collars commercial and noncommercial, and stumps of T. plicata and P. strobus; we did not fnd basidiomata of both provided that the article is pathogens on P. menziesii. Te volume of dead wood within the P. menziesii plots properly cited. averaged 7.1 m3/ha, whereas in T. plicata plots, it was 56.3 m3/ha. We identifed 10 taxa that have not been reported in association with P. strobus for Poland (Cylindrobasidium laeve, Dacrymyces sp., Exidia pithya, E. saccharina, Gymnopilus pnetrans, Leptoporus mollis, Mycena sanguinolenta, Tapinella panuoides, Trametes versicolor, and Xylaria hypoxylon) and three taxa (Exidia pithya, Leptoporus mollis, Serpula himantioides) associated with T. plicata. Keywords Macromycetes; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus strobus; Tuja plicata; Warmia forests 1. Introduction Te introduction of some North American tree species into Europe was initiated by Lord Weymouth in 1605 (Pinus strobus L.; white pine), followed by David Douglas in 1827 [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; Douglas fr] and John Jefrey in 1853 (Tuja plicata D. Don.; red cedar). However, the large-scale introduction of nonnative tree species dates back to the end of the nineteenth century (Białobok & Chylarecki, 1965; Chylarecki, 1976; Jaworski, 2011), mainly owing to the need to obtain a faster-growing wood stock (Zobel et al., 1987) with high biocenotic values in forest cultivation (Bellon et al., 1977; Gazda & Fijała, 2010; Gazda & Szlaga, 2008; Herman & Lavender, 1999; Szwagrzyk, 2000). Acta Mycologica / 2020 / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / Article 55212 Publisher: Polish Botanical Society 1 Damszel et al. / Nonnative Conifers are Colonized by Native Macromycetes In Poland, nonnative trees were introduced in the Kórnik Arboretum (1861), Wirty Arboretum (1881), and in the north-eastern areas of Poland within the present borders (Warmia and Mazury) (1861 and 1880) (Białobok & Chylarecki, 1965; Cyzman et al., 2012; Panka, 2012; Schwappach, 1891; Szymanowski, 1959; Tumiłowicz, 1967, 1968, 1988). Te existing groups (clusters) have been the subject of numerous ecological and forestry studies (Bellon et al., 1977; Tumiłowicz, 1967), including few phytopathological/mycological experiments (Benben, 1969; Grzywacz, 1978, 1979; Grzywacz et al., 1998). Such groups of trees (the forest area of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Olsztyn) are currently 100–135 years old. In the meantime, stands have been subjected to various environmental factors such as industrial emissions or weather anomalies; they have also been colonized by various insects or fungi (personal comment from forest districts). For cognitive and practical (economic) reasons, it is essential to state the native species of macromycetes (mycorrhizal and wood-inhabiting) that may colonize the nonnative trees and afect their development and survival. Te question about the “strangeness” of these species in the boreal forests of Europe, including Poland, remains open and needs to be further investigated. In this context, we hypothesized that the species composition of macromycetes inhabiting trees of three diferent species introduced into Warmia and Mazury in the nineteenth century does not difer from those recorded on native tree species in this region. Te question is to what extent the identifed species may threaten the future existence of nonnative trees. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Study Area Te study was performed in old areas of the former Prussian Experimental Station (PES) research plots, where 23 tree species native to North America were introduced and cultivated in the 1890s (Danckelmann, 1884; Schwappach, 1891, 1901, 1911). Te shape and size of the plots previously laid (2–12 circular areas or quadrilateral areas of a similar size) can be associated with the commonly used Mortzfeld nesting complete cutting (Mortzfeld, 1896). In 1962–1963, Tumiłowicz (1967) assessed the trees remaining in the plots in the Masurian-Podlasie region. Tree species exhibited the highest survival rates, namely Douglas fr (Pseudotsuga menziesii), white pine (Pinus strobus), and red cedar (Tuja plicata)(Figure 1). Among the locations created by PES, the following forest districts need to be mentioned: Dobrocin, Jedwabno, Lidzbark, Miłomłyn, Nidzica, Nowe Ramuki, Spychowo, Strzałowo, Susz, Szczytno, Wipsowo, and Zaporowo (Figure 2). 2.2. Plots Tested In 2016, based on an available forest database (https://www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl/), stands with introduced species were GPS-located in 44 areas (Figure 2); however, only 19 cases were confrmed, where clusters founded by Danckelmann (1884) and Schwappach (Schwappach, 1891, 1901, 1911) and inventoried by Tumiłowicz (1967, 1968, 1988) were found (in other cases, the number of trees was too small to be assessed) (Table 1). In these plots (Table 1), the trees were measured, and the fungi occurring (i) on the trees and (ii) accidentally present during the observation in their immediate vicinity were inventoried from August to November (2018–2019). Te forest foor in a radius of 0.5 m from the tree trunk was adopted as the minimal area (Moravec, 1973). During the assessment, all sporocarps present on tree trunks, root collars, and stumps as well as the minimal area of the investigated tree species were identifed and counted (Figure 3). Te assessed plot was similar, depending on the diameter of the tree in the root collar for white pine (1.85 m2 in diameter), Douglas fr (1.6 m2), and red cedar (1.71 m2). In all investigated plots (Table 1), all standing trees were assessed, and dendrometrical parameters were determined (detailed data not published). For every Forest District from 30 days before assessment, the average air temperature and sum of rainfall as well as hydrothermal coefcient K (Sielianinov’s index applied Acta Mycologica / 2020 / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / Article 55212 Publisher: Polish Botanical Society 2 Damszel et al. / Nonnative Conifers are Colonized by Native Macromycetes Figure 1 Representative pictures of the studied stands: Tree most common nonnative species in Warmia. Figure 2 Locations of the assessed tree clusters in the Warmia region (Olsztyn Forest Directorate): green triangle – Pseudotsuga menziesii; blue circle – Pinus strobus; red square – Tuja plicata. to assess thermal and pluviometric conditions in agronomy) were determined (K = P × 10/ΣT; where P is the sum of precipitation and Σ T is the sum of average daily temperatures during the period; K values 0–0.4 means the arid period, 0.5–0.7 very dry, 0.8–1.0 quite dry, 1.1–1.3 dry, 1.4–1.6 optimal, 1.7–2.0 moist, 2.1–2.5 wet, >2.5 very wet; scale modifed). Te collected material was investigated using standard methods applied to the taxonomy of macromycetes. Macromycetes were identifed both on site and in the laboratory. Species were identifed using keys (Bernicchia, 2005; Bernicchia & Gorjón, 2010; Breitenbach & Kränzlin, 1984, 1986, 1991, 1995, 2000; Kränzlin, 2005; Ludwig, 2007; Ryvarden & Melo, 2017). No
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong
    Article Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong Shunping Ding 1,2,* , Hongli Hu 2,3 and Ji-Dong Gu 2,4,* 1 Wine and Viticulture, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA 2 Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; [email protected] 3 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Biological Disaster and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 4 Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515041, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (J.-D.G.) Received: 15 August 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Check List and Host Index Arizona Wood
    Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood-Rotting Fungi Item Type text; Book Authors Gilbertson, R. L.; Martin, K. J.; Lindsey, J. P. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 28/09/2021 02:18:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602154 Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood - Rotting Fungi Technical Bulletin 209 Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson AÏfJ\fOTA TED CHECK LI5T aid HOST INDEX ford ARIZONA WOOD- ROTTlNg FUNGI /. L. GILßERTSON K.T IyIARTiN Z J. P, LINDSEY3 PRDFE550I of PLANT PATHOLOgY 2GRADUATE ASSISTANT in I?ESEARCI-4 36FZADAATE A5 S /STANT'" TEACHING Z z l'9 FR5 1974- INTRODUCTION flora similar to that of the Gulf Coast and the southeastern United States is found. Here the major tree species include hardwoods such as Arizona is characterized by a wide variety of Arizona sycamore, Arizona black walnut, oaks, ecological zones from Sonoran Desert to alpine velvet ash, Fremont cottonwood, willows, and tundra. This environmental diversity has resulted mesquite. Some conifers, including Chihuahua pine, in a rich flora of woody plants in the state. De- Apache pine, pinyons, junipers, and Arizona cypress tailed accounts of the vegetation of Arizona have also occur in association with these hardwoods. appeared in a number of publications, including Arizona fungi typical of the southeastern flora those of Benson and Darrow (1954), Nichol (1952), include Fomitopsis ulmaria, Donkia pulcherrima, Kearney and Peebles (1969), Shreve and Wiggins Tyromyces palustris, Lopharia crassa, Inonotus (1964), Lowe (1972), and Hastings et al.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMA News March 2011
    VOLUME 23 ISSUE 7 March 2011 SOMA IS AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO MYCOLOGY. WE ENCOURAGE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS BY SHARING OUR ENTHUSIASM THROUGH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND GUIDED FORAYS. WINTER/SPRING 2011 SPEAKER OF THE MONTH SEASON CALENDAR March Connie and Patrick March 17th » Meeting—7pm —“A Show and Tell”— Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: Connie Green & Patrick March 17th—7pm Hamilton Foray March. 19th » Salt Point April April 21st » Meeting—7pm Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: Langdon Cook Foray April 23rd » Salt Point May May 19th » Meeting—7pm Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: Bob Cummings Foray May: Possible Morel Camping! eparated at birth but from the same litter Connie Green and Patrick Hamilton have S traveled (endured?) mushroom journeys together for almost two decades. They’ve been to the humid and hot jaguar jungles of Chiapas chasing tropical mushrooms and to EMERGENCY the cloud forests of the Sierra Madre for boletes and Indigo milky caps. In the cold and wet wilds of Alaska they hiked a spruce and hemlock forest trail to watch grizzly bears MUSHROOM tearing salmon bellies just a few yards away. POISONING IDENTIFICATION In the remote Queen Charlotte Islands their bush plane flew over “fields of golden chanterelles,” landed on the ocean, and then off into a zany Zodiac for a ride over a cold After seeking medical attention, contact and roiling sea alongside some low flying puffins to the World Heritage Site of Ninstints. Darvin DeShazer for identification at The two of them have gazed at glaciers and berry picked on muskeg bogs. More than a (707) 829-0596.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioaerosols, Fungi, Bacteria, Mycotoxins and Human Health: Patho-Physiology, Clinical Effects, Exposure Assessment, Prevention A
    Bioaerosols, Fungi, Bacteria, Mycotoxins and Human Health: Patho-physiology, Clinical Effects, Exposure Assessment, Prevention and Control in Indoor Environments and Work Edited by: Dr. med. Eckardt Johanning M.D., M.Sc. Fungal Research Group Foundation, Inc. Albany, New York, U.S.A. © 2005 Fungal Research Group Foundation, Inc., Albany, New York, U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher, Fungal Research Group Foundation, Inc., Albany, New York, U.S.A. Special regulation for readers in the U.S.A. This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Sale, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions and which photocopies of parts of the publication may be made in the U.S.A. All copyright questions, including photocopying outside the U.S.A. should be referred to the copyright owner Fungal Research Group Foundation, Inc., Albany, New York, U.S.A., unless otherwise specified. No responsibility is assumed by the editor and publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas in the material herein. Bioaerosols, Fungi, Bacteria, Mycotoxins and Human Health: Patho-physiology, Clinical Effects, Exposure Assessment, Prevention and Control in Indoor Environments and Work Edited by: Dr. med. Eckardt Johanning M.D., M.Sc. International Standard Book Number: ISBN 0-9709915-1-7 Library of Congress Control Number: LCCN 2005920146 Supported by: Fungal Research Group Foundation, Inc., Albany, New York, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area
    Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area • Giuseppe Venturella Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Edited by Giuseppe Venturella Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Diversity www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Editor Giuseppe Venturella MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editor Giuseppe Venturella University of Palermo Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity/special issues/ fungal diversity). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-978-2 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-979-9 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editor .............................................. vii Giuseppe Venturella Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 253, doi:10.3390/d12060253 .................... 1 Elias Polemis, Vassiliki Fryssouli, Vassileios Daskalopoulos and Georgios I.
    [Show full text]
  • Improved Efficiency in Screening.Pdf
    PLEASE NOTE! THIS IS SELF-ARCHIVED FINAL-DRAFT VERSION OF THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE To cite this Article: Kinnunen, A. Maijala, P., Järvinen, P. & Hatakka, A. 2017. Improved efficiency in screening for lignin-modifying peroxidases and laccases of basidiomycetes. Current Biotechnology 6 (2), 105–115. doi: 10.2174/2211550105666160330205138 URL:http://www.eurekaselect.com/140791/article Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Biotechnology, 2016, 5, 000-000 1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Improved Efficiency in Screening for Lignin-Modifying Peroxidases and Laccases of Basidiomycetes Anu Kinnunen1, Pekka Maijala2, Päivi Järvinen3 and Annele Hatakka1,* aDepartment of Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland; bSchool of Food and Agriculture, Applied University of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland; cCentre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland Abstract: Background: Wood rotting white-rot and litter-decomposing basidiomycetes form a huge reservoir of oxidative enzymes, needed for applications in the pulp and paper and textile industries and for bioremediation. Objective: The aim was (i) to achieve higher throughput in enzyme screening through miniaturization and automatization of the activity assays, and (ii) to discover fungi which produce efficient oxidoreductases for industrial purposes. Methods: Miniaturized activity assays mostly using dyes as substrate were carried Annele Hatakka A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y out for lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. Received: November 24, 2015 Methods were validated and 53 species of basidiomycetes were screened for lignin modifying enzymes Revised: March 15, 2016 Accepted: March 29, 2016 when cultivated in liquid mineral, soy, peptone and solid state oat husk medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016
    Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016 **Agaricus sylvicola grp (woodland Agaricus, possibly A. chionodermus, slight yellowing, no bulb, almond odor) Agaricus semotus Albatrellus ovinus (orange brown frequently cracked cap, white pores) **Albatrellus sp. (smooth gray cap, tiny white pores) **Amanita muscaria supsp. flavivolvata (red cap with yellow warts) **Amanita muscaria var. guessowii aka Amanita chrysoblema (yellow cap with white warts) **Amanita “stannea” (tin cap grisette) **Amanita fulva grp.(tawny grisette, possibly A. “nishidae”) **Amanita gemmata grp. Amanita pantherina multisquamosa **Amanita rubescens grp. (all parts reddening) **Amanita section Amanita (ring and bulb, orange staining volval sac) Amanita section Caesare (prov. name Amanita cochiseana) Amanita section Lepidella (limbatulae) **Amanita section Vaginatae (golden grisette) Amanita umbrinolenta grp. (slender, ringed cap grisette) **Armillaria solidipes (honey mushroom) Artomyces pyxidatus (whitish coral on wood with crown tips) *Ascomycota (tiny, grayish/white granular cups on wood) **Auricularia Americana (wood ear) Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina (bright yellow cups on wood) Boletus barrowsii (white king bolete) Boletus edulis group Boletus rubriceps (red king bolete) Calyptella capula (white fairy lanterns on wood) **Cantharellus sp. (pink tinge to cap, possibly C. roseocanus) **Catathelesma imperiale Chalciporus piperatus Clavariadelphus ligula Clitocybe flavida aka Lepista flavida **Coltrichia sp. Coprinellus
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Building-Associated Wood-Destroying Fungi in the Federal
    European Journal of Wood and Wood Products https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01407-w ORIGINAL Distribution of building‑associated wood‑destroying fungi in the federal state of Styria, Austria Doris Haas1 · Helmut Mayrhofer2 · Juliana Habib1 · Herbert Galler1 · Franz Ferdinand Reinthaler1 · Maria Luise Fuxjäger3 · Walter Buzina1 Received: 20 September 2018 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Wood is an important construction material, but when used incorrectly it can be subjected to deterioration by wood-destroying fungi. The brown rot producing dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) is by far the most dangerous wood-destroying fungus in Europe. In the present publication, 645 fungal samples from damaged wood in the federal state of Styria (Austria) were examined and recorded by isolation date, geographical location, species identifcation of the wood-destroying fungus, loca- tion of damage, construction method, and age and type of building. In Styria, Serpula spp. accounted for 61.5% of damages, followed by Antrodia spp. (10.7%) and the genera Gloeophyllum (8.2%), Coniophora (3.9%) and Donkioporia (1.1%). Properties in the area of the Styrian capital Graz and old buildings were more often infested by wood-destroying fungi than houses in the rural area and new constructions. 1 Introduction the cellar fungus (Coniophora puteana), Antrodia spp. and other wood-destroying fungi can cause severe damage to Wood rot is the degradation of wood by the destruction of buildings and potentially cause human injuries. Some wood- organic materials caused by fungi. This process is predomi- destroying fungi can penetrate even masonry and are able to nantly afected by temperature and moisture as well as the translocate water and nutrition over long distances.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fungus That Came in from the Cold: Dry Rot's Pre-Adapted Ability To
    1 The fungus that came in from the cold: Dry rot’s pre-adapted ability to invade 2 buildings 3 S.V. Balasundaram1, J. Hess1, M. B. Durling2, S. C. Moody3, L. Thorbek1, C. Progida1, K. 4 LaButti4, A. Aerts4, K. Barry4, I. V. Grigoriev4, L. Boddy5, N. Högberg2, H. Kauserud1, D. C. 5 Eastwood3, I. Skrede1* 6 7 1Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 2Department of Forest 8 Mycology, Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden; 3Department of Biosciences, 9 Swansea University, Swansea, UK; 4 United States Department of Energy Joint Genome 10 Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; 5School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 11 12 13 Correspondence and request for materials should be addressed to I.S. 14 ([email protected]) 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 21 Abstract 22 Many organisms benefit from being pre-adapted to niches shaped by human activity, and 23 have successfully invaded man-made habitats. One such species is the dry-rot fungus Serpula 24 lacrymans, which has a wide distribution in buildings in temperate and boreal regions, where 25 it decomposes coniferous construction wood. Comparative genomic analyses and growth 26 experiments using this species and its wild relatives revealed that S. lacrymans evolved a 27 very effective brown rot decay compared to its wild relatives, enabling an extremely rapid 28 decay in buildings under suitable conditions. Adaptations in intracellular transport 29 machineries promoting hyphal growth, and nutrient and water transport may explain why it is 30 has become a successful invader of timber in houses. Further, we demonstrate that S.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypore Diversity in North America with an Annotated Checklist
    Mycol Progress (2016) 15:771–790 DOI 10.1007/s11557-016-1207-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Polypore diversity in North America with an annotated checklist Li-Wei Zhou1 & Karen K. Nakasone2 & Harold H. Burdsall Jr.2 & James Ginns3 & Josef Vlasák4 & Otto Miettinen5 & Viacheslav Spirin5 & Tuomo Niemelä 5 & Hai-Sheng Yuan1 & Shuang-Hui He6 & Bao-Kai Cui6 & Jia-Hui Xing6 & Yu-Cheng Dai6 Received: 20 May 2016 /Accepted: 9 June 2016 /Published online: 30 June 2016 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Profound changes to the taxonomy and classifica- 11 orders, while six other species from three genera have tion of polypores have occurred since the advent of molecular uncertain taxonomic position at the order level. Three orders, phylogenetics in the 1990s. The last major monograph of viz. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales, accom- North American polypores was published by Gilbertson and modate most of polypore species (93.7 %) and genera Ryvarden in 1986–1987. In the intervening 30 years, new (88.8 %). We hope that this updated checklist will inspire species, new combinations, and new records of polypores future studies in the polypore mycota of North America and were reported from North America. As a result, an updated contribute to the diversity and systematics of polypores checklist of North American polypores is needed to reflect the worldwide. polypore diversity in there. We recognize 492 species of polypores from 146 genera in North America. Of these, 232 Keywords Basidiomycota . Phylogeny . Taxonomy . species are unchanged from Gilbertson and Ryvarden’smono- Wood-decaying fungus graph, and 175 species required name or authority changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypore Fungi As a Flagship Group to Indicate Changes in Biodiversity – a Test Case from Estonia Kadri Runnel1* , Otto Miettinen2 and Asko Lõhmus1
    Runnel et al. IMA Fungus (2021) 12:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-020-00050-y IMA Fungus RESEARCH Open Access Polypore fungi as a flagship group to indicate changes in biodiversity – a test case from Estonia Kadri Runnel1* , Otto Miettinen2 and Asko Lõhmus1 Abstract Polyporous fungi, a morphologically delineated group of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), are considered well studied in Europe and used as model group in ecological studies and for conservation. Such broad interest, including widespread sampling and DNA based taxonomic revisions, is rapidly transforming our basic understanding of polypore diversity and natural history. We integrated over 40,000 historical and modern records of polypores in Estonia (hemiboreal Europe), revealing 227 species, and including Polyporus submelanopus and P. ulleungus as novelties for Europe. Taxonomic and conservation problems were distinguished for 13 unresolved subgroups. The estimated species pool exceeds 260 species in Estonia, including at least 20 likely undescribed species (here documented as distinct DNA lineages related to accepted species in, e.g., Ceriporia, Coltricia, Physisporinus, Sidera and Sistotrema). Four broad ecological patterns are described: (1) polypore assemblage organization in natural forests follows major soil and tree-composition gradients; (2) landscape-scale polypore diversity homogenizes due to draining of peatland forests and reduction of nemoral broad-leaved trees (wooded meadows and parks buffer the latter); (3) species having parasitic or brown-rot life-strategies are more substrate- specific; and (4) assemblage differences among woody substrates reveal habitat management priorities. Our update reveals extensive overlap of polypore biota throughout North Europe. We estimate that in Estonia, the biota experienced ca. 3–5% species turnover during the twentieth century, but exotic species remain rare and have not attained key functions in natural ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
    MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death.
    [Show full text]