DOCSLIB.ORG

Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) Reference Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) Reference Book http://jnlwp.defense.gov 2012 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 2012 00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) Reference Book 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate,3097 Range REPORT NUMBER Road,Quantico,VA,22134 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 31 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Intentionally Blank Table of Contents Non-Lethal Weapons Definition i DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program Background i Frequently Asked Questions ii Policy References v Section A COUNTER-PERSONNEL (CP) FIELDED NLW Non-Lethal Capability Sets (NLCS) 1 Escalation of Force-Mission Modules (EoF-MM) 1 National Guard Bureau (NGB) 1 Domestic Operations Kits (DOK) Joint Non-Lethal Warning Munitions (JNLWM) 2 Green Lasers 2 Acoustic Hailing Devices (AHD) 2 Enhanced Underwater Loudhailer (eLOUDTM) 3 X26 TASER® 3 FN 303® 3 Stingball Grenade 4 12 Gauge Munitions 4 40mm Munitions 4 66mm Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke Systems (LVOSS) and Vehicle Launched NL Grenades (VLNLG) 5 Vehicle Non-Lethal/Tube Launched Munition System (VENOM™) 5 Modular Crowd Control Munitions (MCCM) 5 M84 Flash Bang Grenade 6 NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade 6 Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Dispensers 6 CP PROTOTYPE NLW Active Denial System (ADS) 7 Distributed Sound and Light Array (DSLA) 7 Navy Anti-Swimmer Grenade 7 Table of Contents (cont.) CP DEVELOPMENTAL NLW Improved Flash Bang Grenade (IFBG) 8 Airburst Non-Lethal Munitions (ANLM) 8 12 Gauge Non-Lethal Extended Range Marking Munition 8 Long Range Ocular Interruption (LROI) 9 Ocular Interruption (OI) 9 Human Electro-Muscular Incapacitation (HEMI) 9 Mission Payload Module Non-Lethal Weapons System (MPM NLWS) 10 XM7 Spider Non-Lethal Launcher (NLL) 10 Table of Contents (cont.) Section B COUNTER-MATERIEL (CM) FIELDED NLW Caltrops 12 Spiked Strip 12 M2 Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device (VLAD) 12 Portable Vehicle Arresting Barrier (PVAB) 13 Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) 13 CM PROTOYPE NLW Pre-emplaced Electric Vehicle Stopper (PEVS) 14 CM DEVELOPMENTAL NLW Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device (VLAD) Single Net Solution (SNS) with Remote Deployment Device (RDD) 15 Vessel Stopping Entanglement 15 Multi-Frequency Radio Frequency (RF) Vehicle Stopper 15 NLW VENDOR LISTING Product/Manufacturer/Web Site List 16 Non-Lethal Weapon Definition Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) are defined as “Weapons, devices and munitions that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate targeted personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the targeted area or environment. NLW are intended to have reversible effects on personnel or materiel.” DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program Background The DoD NLW Program was established to provide warfighters with NLW that support the full-range of military operations. The program began in 1996 as a Congressional initiative. DoD Directive 3000.3 establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for the DoD NLW Program. It is DoD policy that; • NLW should be designed to help decrease post-conflict reconstruction costs. • NLW availability shall not limit a commander’s inherent authority and obligation to use all necessary means available and to take all appropriate action in self-defense. • Presence, nor the potential effect of NLW, shall constitute an obligation for their employment or a higher standard for employment of force than provided for by applicable law. • NLW shall not be required to have a zero probability of producing fatalities or permanent injuries. • NLW may be used in conjunction with lethal weapon systems to enhance the latter’s effectiveness and efficiency in military operations. i Frequently Asked Questions QUESTION: Do NLW legal considerations differ from lethal weapons? ANSWER: No. In accordance with DoD Directives 3000.3, 2060.1 and U.S. Law, both lethal and NLW must be reviewed to ensure that they comply with U.S. domestic and applicable international laws Legal Use of and treaties, to include the Law of Armed Conflict (Law of War). NLW Preliminary legal and treaty compliance reviews allow the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) to ensure funds are focused on viable non-lethal technologies. Based on these reviews, there are no restrictions on the continued development of NLW. Final legal reviews are still required for NLW in the developmental and conceptual stages. QUESTION: What is considered a NLW? NLW ANSWER: The definition of NLW includes “weapons, devices and munitions.” This definition is very broad and includes devices and Definition munitions that are not normally considered “weapons,” such as acoustic hailing devices. QUESTION: Are NLW required to be used prior to lethal weapons? Employment ANSWER: No. There is no requirement to use NLW prior to using Requirements lethal weapons or employing deadly force. Based on the threat, target, and situation, U.S. forces may immediately employ lethal weapons and deadly force. QUESTION: Why are NLW important? ANSWER: NLW provide another “option” for the force. In past operations, the effective employment of NLW resolved escalation of force situations. Specifically, the NLW created the right “direct Use effect” on the personnel/materiel targeted. The use of NLW has also generated positive “psychological effects” on others in the area of Force and helped to contribute to mission accomplishment. The perceptions associated with the use of NLW have been a positive and powerful influence in local communities in “winning the hearts and minds” of the local populace. The employment of NLW has helped reduce the loss of life and collateral damage. ii Frequently Asked Questions QUESTION: What limitations exist regarding the use of a Riot Control Agent (RCA)? ANSWER: Strict laws, regulations, and Rules of Engagement (ROE) exist to control the use of NLW RCAs. For example, the U.S., by Executive Order No. 11850, 8 April 1975, 40 Fed. Reg. 16187, renounced as a matter of national policy, the first use of RCAs in war except in defensive military modes to save lives such as: Riot •Riot control situations in areas under direct and distinct U.S. military Control control, to include controlling rioting prisoners of war. Agents •Situations in which civilians are used to mask or screen attacks and civilian casualties can be reduced or avoided. •Rescue missions in remotely isolated areas, of downed aircrews and passengers, and escaping prisoners. •Rear echelon areas outside the zone of immediate combat to protect convoys from civil disturbances, terrorists and paramilitary organizations. NOTE: Specific authorization must be received to employ RCAs. QUESTION: What NLW considerations are important during Allied and Multi-National Task Force Operations? ANSWER: The availability and employment of NLW will vary with Allied and other Allied and Coalition partners. The lack of equal access to NLW Multi- presents interoperability concerns and provides force and operational seams that an adversary could try to exploit. These concerns should be National addressed during mission planning and integrated into operational Operations plans. Finally, mission-specific policies should address the different NLW capabilities possessed by the various members of the coalition in a way that minimizes interoperability issues and adversary exploitation. iii Frequently Asked Questions QUESTION: Are NLW identified by specific markings or colors? ANSWER: The current U.S. policy is to not change the appearance of NLW to distinguish them from their lethal counterparts, but rather develop systems that have a dual capability in delivering both lethal NLW and non-lethal munitions/effects as the situation dictates. Several U.S. Identifiable Allies have expressed a desire to clearly distinguish NLW from lethal weapons by some method, such as coloring NLW blue or orange. Markings While this may be preferable in some situations,
Recommended publications
  • Winning the Salvo Competition Rebalancing America’S Air and Missile Defenses

    Winning the Salvo Competition Rebalancing America’S Air and Missile Defenses

    WINNING THE SALVO COMPETITION REBALANCING AMERICA’S AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSES MARK GUNZINGER BRYAN CLARK WINNING THE SALVO COMPETITION REBALANCING AMERICA’S AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSES MARK GUNZINGER BRYAN CLARK 2016 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA) The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. ©2016 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Gunzinger is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Mr. Gunzinger has served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces Transformation and Resources. A retired Air Force Colonel and Command Pilot, he joined the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2004. Mark was appointed to the Senior Executive Service and served as Principal Director of the Department’s central staff for the 2005–2006 Quadrennial Defense Review. Following the QDR, he served as Director for Defense Transformation, Force Planning and Resources on the National Security Council staff. Mr. Gunzinger holds an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, a Master of Airpower Art and Science degree from the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, a Master of Public Administration from Central Michigan University, and a B.S. in chemistry from the United States Air Force Academy.
  • Metal Storm Limited Acn 064 270 006

    Metal Storm Limited Acn 064 270 006

    METAL STORM LIMITED ACN 064 270 006 CEO BULLETIN Brisbane, Australia – 23 November 2010: Metal Storm Limited (ASX trading code: MST, OTC Symbol: MTSXY). Fellow Shareholders, This CEO Bulletin follows on from the Bulletin released on the 4th November. In the previous release I covered business development, marketing and corporate development activities. This release covers updates on the Land Warfare Conference, current contracts and product development. Land Warfare Conference The Land Warfare Conference, held last week at the Brisbane Convention Centre, is the most significant event on the Australian Defence Industry calendar. This year was no exception with a broad range of defence companies exhibiting together with various government and military agencies including the Defence Materiel Organisation (DMO) and the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). Metal Storm exhibited throughout the conference on a double booth near the centre of the exhibition hall. The weapons we exhibited included MAUL™, 3GL and the RedBack multi-barrel pod, plus the original one-million-rounds-per-minute “Bertha” machine gun, which holds a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the fastest machine gun ever created. For personal use only Page 1 of 5 Metal Storm Limited ACN 064 270 006 The conference was well attended and our booth was continuously busy. Feedback from visitors was overwhelmingly positive. Both MAUL™ and 3GL received considerable attention, with a range of potential applications for these weapons being put forward by delegates. We were also pleased with the attention given to the stand by senior military officers and politicians visiting the show. In addition to the exhibition stand, Metal Storm had a paper accepted by the conference organisers entitled “Stacked round weapons – from the drawing board to the battlefield”, by David Pashen.
  • Planning For, Selecting, and Implementing Technology Solutions

    Planning For, Selecting, and Implementing Technology Solutions

    q A GUIDEBOOK for Planning for, Selecting, and Implementing Technology Solutions FIRST EDITION March 2010 This guide was prepared for the Nation-al Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, by the Weapons and Protective Systems Technologies Center at The Pennsylvania State University under Cooperative Agreement 2007-DE-BX-K009. It is intended to provide information useful to law enforcement and corrections agencies regarding technology planning, selection, and implementation. It is not proscriptive in nature, rather it serves as a resource for program development within the framework of existing departmental policies and procedures. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors/editors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Institute of Justice. They should not be construed as an official Department of Justice position, policy, or decision. This is an informational guidebook designed to provide an overview of less-lethal devices. Readers are cautioned that no particular technology is appropriate for all circumstances and that the information in this guidebook is provided solely to assist readers in independently evaluating their specific circumstances. The Pennsylvania State University does not advocate or warrant any particular technology or approach. The Pennsylvania State University extends no warranties or guarantees of any kind, either express or implied, regarding the guidebook, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. © 2010 The Pennsylvania State University GUIDEBOOK for LESS-LETHAL DEVICES Planning for, Selecting, and Implementing Technology Solutions FOREWORD The National Tactical Officers Association (NTOA) is the leading author- ity on contemporary tactical law enforcement information and training.
  • Appellee Submission of the United States of America

    Appellee Submission of the United States of America

    UNITED STATES – COUNTERVAILING AND ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES ON CERTAIN PRODUCTS FROM CHINA (AB-2014-4 / DS449) APPELLEE SUBMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA April 30, 2014 SERVICE LIST Participant H.E. Mr. Yu Jianhua, Permanent Mission of China Third Participants H.E. Mr. Hamish McCormick, Permanent Mission of Australia H.E. Mr. Jonathan T. Fried, Permanent Mission of Canada H.E. Mr. Angelos Pangratis, Permanent Mission of the European Union H.E. Mr. Jayant Dasgupta, Permanent Mission of India H.E. Mr. Yoichi Otabe, Permanent Mission of Japan H.E. Mr. Alexey Borodavkin, Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation H.E. Mr. Mehmet Haluk Ilicak, Permanent Mission of Turkey H.E. Mr. Nguyen Trung Thanh, Permanent Mission of Viet Nam TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF REPORTS .................................................................................................................. iii I. Introduction And Executive Summary ............................................................................... 1 A. Overview ................................................................................................................. 1 B. Summary of Key Facts as Found by the Panel and Erroneous Assertions by China ................................................................................................................................. 3 C. The Panel Correctly Interpreted Article X:2 and Applied Its Understanding
  • 2011-2012 PIPS Policy Brief Book

    2011-2012 PIPS Policy Brief Book

    The Project on International Peace and Security The College of William and Mary POLICY BRIEFS 2011-2012 The Project on International Peace and Security (PIPS) at the College of William and Mary is a highly selective undergraduate think tank designed to bridge the gap between the academic and policy communities in the area of undergraduate education. The goal of PIPS is to demonstrate that elite students, working with faculty and members of the policy community, can make a meaningful contribution to policy debates. The briefs enclosed are a testament to that mission and the talent and creativity of William and Mary’s undergraduates. Amy Oakes, Director Dennis A. Smith, Director The Project on International Peace and Security The Institute for Theory and Practice of International Relations Department of Government The College of William and Mary P.O. Box 8795 Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 757.221.5086 [email protected] © The Project on International Peace and Security (PIPS), 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ALLISON BAER, “COMBATING RADICALISM IN PAKISTAN: EDUCATIONAL REFORM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.” .............................................................................................1 BENJAMIN BUCH AND KATHERINE MITCHELL, “THE ACTIVE DENIAL SYSTEM: OBSTACLES AND PROMISE.” ..................................................................................................................19 PETER KLICKER, “A NEW ‘FREEDOM’ FIGHTER: BUILDING ON THE T-X COMPETITION.” ...........................................................................................................37
  • Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

    Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

    Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33745 SUMMARY RL33745 Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) September 30, 2021 Program: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O'Rourke The Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, which is carried out by the Missile Defense Specialist in Naval Affairs Agency (MDA) and the Navy, gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. BMD-capable Aegis ships operate in European waters to defend Europe from potential ballistic missile attacks from countries such as Iran, and in in the Western Pacific and the Persian Gulf to provide regional defense against potential ballistic missile attacks from countries such as North Korea and Iran. MDA’s FY2022 budget submission states that “by the end of FY 2022 there will be 48 total BMDS [BMD system] capable ships requiring maintenance support.” The Aegis BMD program is funded mostly through MDA’s budget. The Navy’s budget provides additional funding for BMD-related efforts. MDA’s proposed FY2021 budget requested a total of $1,647.9 million (i.e., about $1.6 billion) in procurement and research and development funding for Aegis BMD efforts, including funding for two Aegis Ashore sites in Poland and Romania. MDA’s budget also includes operations and maintenance (O&M) and military construction (MilCon) funding for the Aegis BMD program. Issues for Congress regarding the Aegis BMD program include the following: whether to approve, reject, or modify MDA’s annual procurement and research and development funding requests for the program; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the execution of Aegis BMD program efforts; what role, if any, the Aegis BMD program should play in defending the U.S.
  • COUNTY of SOMERSET NEW JERSEY PO Box 3000

    COUNTY of SOMERSET NEW JERSEY PO Box 3000

    COUNTY OF SOMERSET NEW JERSEY PO Box 3000 – 20 Grove Street COUNTY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SOMERVILLE, NJ 08876-1262 PURCHASING DIVISION PHONE: (908) 231-7188 Karen McGee Fax: (908) 575-3917 Purchasing Agent, QPA [email protected] NOTICE TO BIDDERS #2-SOCCP Sealed bids will be received by the Purchasing Agent for the County of Somerset on December 4, 2015 at 2:30 PM prevailing time in the Purchasing Division, County Administration Building, 20 Grove St., Somerville, NJ 08876 at which time and place bids will be opened and read in public for: Open End Co-Operative Pricing Bid Ammunition & Related Police Supplies Contract #: JCC-0014-15 Proposals must be made on the standard proposal forms, be enclosed in a sealed package bearing the name and address of the bidder and the “BID TITLE NAME & CONTRACT #” on the outside, addressed to Karen McGee, Purchasing Agent, at the address above. We are now storing all responses electronically; therefore submit all pages of the response on a CD in addition to the printed copies. The Ammunition & Related Police Supplies spreadsheet can be included on the same CD in a separate file in Excel format (not PDF) Bid Addenda will be issued on the website. Therefore, interested bidders should check the website from now through bid opening. It is the sole responsibility of the respondent to be knowledgeable of all addenda related to this procurement. Specifications and instruction to bidders may be obtained at the Purchasing Office or the County website at www.co.somerset.nj.us Bidders shall comply with the requirements of N.J.S.A.
  • Explosive Weapon Effectsweapon Overview Effects

    Explosive Weapon Effectsweapon Overview Effects

    CHARACTERISATION OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS EXPLOSIVEEXPLOSIVE WEAPON EFFECTSWEAPON OVERVIEW EFFECTS FINAL REPORT ABOUT THE GICHD AND THE PROJECT The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) is an expert organisation working to reduce the impact of mines, cluster munitions and other explosive hazards, in close partnership with states, the UN and other human security actors. Based at the Maison de la paix in Geneva, the GICHD employs around 55 staff from over 15 countries with unique expertise and knowledge. Our work is made possible by core contributions, project funding and in-kind support from more than 20 governments and organisations. Motivated by its strategic goal to improve human security and equipped with subject expertise in explosive hazards, the GICHD launched a research project to characterise explosive weapons. The GICHD perceives the debate on explosive weapons in populated areas (EWIPA) as an important humanitarian issue. The aim of this research into explosive weapons characteristics and their immediate, destructive effects on humans and structures, is to help inform the ongoing discussions on EWIPA, intended to reduce harm to civilians. The intention of the research is not to discuss the moral, political or legal implications of using explosive weapon systems in populated areas, but to examine their characteristics, effects and use from a technical perspective. The research project started in January 2015 and was guided and advised by a group of 18 international experts dealing with weapons-related research and practitioners who address the implications of explosive weapons in the humanitarian, policy, advocacy and legal fields. This report and its annexes integrate the research efforts of the characterisation of explosive weapons (CEW) project in 2015-2016 and make reference to key information sources in this domain.
  • Les Armes (2E Partie)

    Les Armes (2E Partie)

    12 ANTAC Panorama de la législation/ réglementation des armes les armes (2e partie) Que l’on soit tireur débutant ou expert chevronné, la réglementation française en matière d’armes se révèle un véritable casse-tête juridique ! Nous avons tenté de la rendre plus compréhensible, à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques, les véhicules, d’attribuer une afi n de répondre aux immatriculation à chaque questions les plus fréquemment Pour familiariser les lecteurs avec certains aspects de la réglementation arme. Une fiche “dématé- posées par les amateurs d’armes, entrée en vigueur en septembre 2013, rialisée” (= informatisée) sera Cibles a déjà publié plusieurs hors- tireurs, collectionneurs séries (novembre 2013, mai 2014, pré-renseignée en amont, lors ou chasseurs... novembre 2014). Ils restent valides pour du passage désormais obligatoire à l’essentiel, mais certains tableaux sont déjà périmés, notamment suite à la l’antenne du SCA installée au banc epuis le 6 septembre 2013, date de l’entrée en vigueur de la nou- publication du décret du 9 mai 2017... d’épreuve de Saint-Étienne. Cela velle réglementation des armes, inspirée du modèle européen, le ne toucherait donc pas seulement classement s’effectuait désormais en 4 catégories : A (interdic- l’occasion de la publication au J.O. les armes fabriquées en France ou Dtion), B (autorisation), C (déclaration) et D (enregistrement ou libre). Aussi, de nouveaux textes... Il est à noter importées d’un pays hors CIP, mais il n’existe parfois aucune équivalence directe, que ce soit à cause de la que cet organigramme se retrouve toutes les nouvelles armes mises disparition de la notion d’arme “de guerre”, de l’introduction d’une liste de aussi sous une forme quelque peu sur le marché (hors stocks déjà en “calibres maudits”, ou encore de la prise en compte de nouveaux critères de différente sur le site personnel de possession des importateurs ou des dangerosité..
  • 3D Printers, Obsolete Firearm Supply Controls, and the Right to Build Self-Defense Weapons Under Heller Peter Jensen-Haxel

    3D Printers, Obsolete Firearm Supply Controls, and the Right to Build Self-Defense Weapons Under Heller Peter Jensen-Haxel

    Golden Gate University Law Review Volume 42 | Issue 3 Article 6 June 2012 3D Printers, Obsolete Firearm Supply Controls, and the Right To Build Self-Defense Weapons Under Heller Peter Jensen-Haxel Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Peter Jensen-Haxel, 3D Printers, Obsolete Firearm Supply Controls, and the Right To Build Self-Defense Weapons Under Heller, 42 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. 447 (2012). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol42/iss3/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at GGU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Golden Gate University Law Review by an authorized administrator of GGU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jensen-Haxel: 3d Printers and Firearms COMMENT 3D PRINTERS, OBSOLETE FIREARM SUPPLY CONTROLS, AND THE RIGHT TO BUILD SELF-DEFENSE WEAPONS UNDER HELLER PETER JENSEN-HAXEL* INTRODUCTION “Will the next war be armed with 3D printers? One thing that’s for sure, the cat is out of the bag . .”1 Three-dimensional printers will allow people with no technical expertise to produce firearms at home. These machines,2 employing a novel fabrication technique called additive manufacturing (“AM”), may seem alien, indeed miraculous. [I]magine doing this: designing shoes exactly the right size in the style and colour you want on a computer, or downloading a design from the web and customising it. Then press print and go off to have lunch * J.D.
  • Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge

    Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge

    Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge Andrew Krepinevich, Barry Watts & Robert Work 1730 Rhode Island Avenue, NW, Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge by Andrew Krepinevich Barry Watts Robert Work Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments 2003 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent public policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking about defense planning and investment strategies for the 21st century. CSBA’s analytic-based research makes clear the inextricable link between defense strategies and budgets in fostering a more effective and efficient defense, and the need to transform the US military in light of the emerging military revolution. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundation, corporate and individual grants and contributions, and government contracts. 1730 Rhode Island Ave., NW Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 http://www.csbaonline.org CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... I I. NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER PROJECTION.................................................................. 1 II. PROSPECTIVE US AIR FORCE FAILURE POINTS........................................................... 11 III. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AND ASSURED ACCESS: A CRITICAL RISK ASSESSMENT .29 IV. THE ARMY AND THE OBJECTIVE FORCE ..................................................................... 69 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 93 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the Cold War, the United States defense posture called for substantial forces to be located overseas as part of a military strategy that emphasized deterrence and forward defense. Large combat formations were based in Europe and Asia. Additional forces—both land-based and maritime—were rotated periodically back to the rear area in the United States.
  • Less-Lethal Weapons Recently Development Defence Minis- and Justice from and for Research Funding Despite Generous Injury to the Target

    Less-Lethal Weapons Recently Development Defence Minis- and Justice from and for Research Funding Despite Generous Injury to the Target

    Less-lethal Weapons JULY 2011 • NUMBER 8 here is little agreement on what consti- Box 1 Developments in LLW technology tutes the class of weapons variously Tcalled ‘non-lethal’, ‘less-than-lethal’, or Whereas first-generation less-lethal weapons were designed ‘less-lethal’. In the United Kingdom and the for close engagement (less than ten metres or roughly United States, for example, the military gener- 30 feet), the latest LLWs provide greater range and attempt to deliver variable—or ‘rheostatic’—effects. ally applies the term ‘non-lethal’ to what the law enforcement and criminal justice communities 1. Kinetic energy projectiles are increasingly used for long- would call ‘less-lethal’ weapons. Some law range, accurate direct-fire shots. According to FN Herstal, for enforcement organizations use ‘non-lethal’ to instance, the FN 303 is accurate at 25 metres, and can be used at ranges up to 100 metres (FN Herstal, 2011). In the United describe techniques that include the applica- WEAPONS & MARKETS Kingdom, the new 37 mm Attenuating Energy Projectile, tion of physical force (such as firm grips or used with the Heckler & Koch L104A1, is zeroed at 20 metres punches). For them, ‘less-lethal’ weapons but is reportedly accurate beyond that range (Smith, 2011). would include electroshock devices (such as 2. Acoustic weapons such as the ‘hailing devices’ manufac- the TASER) or flexible baton rounds, which tured and sold by the LRAD Corporation (specifically, the include bean-bag projectiles and rubber bullets Long Range Acoustic Device) can produce tones of 150 deci- (LAPD, 2009, p. 7). The Small Arms Survey uses bels at one metre (about three feet) and can project sound across a distance of up to 3 km (about two miles) (LRAD the term ‘less-lethal weapon’ (LLW) to describe Corporation, n.d.).