Production of Lumber, Lath, and Shingles M 1917
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE I BULLETIN No. 768 Cunlr&ctiun lorn tbs &rest 8em-h HENBY S. OBAVE". Eomster
Wasblngion, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER April 6, 1919
PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES M 1917
FBANIUIN H. SMITH and ALBERT EL PIERSON Statisticians in Forest Products
Lnnberrrodnruo. by llnmolnllll. . S Lumber Vhes ...... a8 Ln~berPrdntUon b? 91alel ..... 12 Dcwed Smmrnar? ...... PS ~Prdocfl~b~~dWood. IS I *kpt.LmmbProdmctlm...... 42 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 768 Contribotion from the Farest senice HENUY 9. GRAVES. Forester
Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER April 5, 1919
PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. By FUANKLINH. SXITE and ALBERTH. PIERSON,Statisticians in Fwest Products.
CONTENTS. Page. Lumbr production by kinds of ~vood-Con.
Yellow pine...... Douelasfir...... Oak...... mte pine ...... Hemlook...... WestemgeUow pine...... BaWfir...... 33 spruce...... Walnut ...... 34 cypress...... Sgmmore...... 34 Maole...... Lodge~olepine...... 35 gum..... 23 ~OGpeci 35 Redwood ...... 24 Produo~ionofl 36 Birch...... -. 24 Production 01 sh 87 chestnut ...... 26 Lumbr values. 38 La&...... 25 Detailedsummary...... 39 Yellow poplar...... 26 Alashiumber production ...... 42
INTRODUCTION. In this bulletin, which is one of an annual series covering the period 1904 to 1917, inclusive, with the exception of 1914,' are detailed statistics of the 1917 production of lumber, lath, and shingles in the continental United state^,^ with comparative fignres- from previous annual reports. The collection and compilation of the statistics for the Western States was done through the district offices of the Forest Service at Missoqla, Denver, Albuquerque, Ogden, San Francisco, and Port- land. The figures for New York State were furnished by the New York Conservation Commission. The work in all of the other States east of the Rocky Mountains was done by the Office of Industrial Investigations of the Forest Service, Washigtoh, D. C.a
I A detailed summary of the 1914 lumber produotion is givenin Bulletin 606, whihoontsins the figures for 1915. n he produotion statistios for 1917 were summariee$in a prelbin?rg statement issued in May, 1918. s Ao~mledgmentismadeforssristzneein the compltstionandrevrewaftbir bulletin to*. B. Strough. New York Cornvation Commission;and to J. E. Kesoh, Miss Ina M. Jenkins, Miss bets R. Waters, mbissFranwsVeiteh, D.M. Law, Quinoy Randles, E. E.Hall,C. L. Hill. MissllieeM. Dray, Thornton T. Munger,.and A. G. Jaeksm, ofthe Forest Service. 64767D-19-Bui1.768-1 2 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTXENT OF AGRICULTURE. As in former years the census was carried on in cooperation with the National Lumber Manufacturers' Association, which contributed hancial assistance, and aided, through its affiliated organizations, in securing reports from the mills. TOTAL LUMBER PRODUCTION. The quantity of lumber reported cut in 1917 by 16,420 mills was 33,192,911,000 board feet. The output of 2,652 mills cutting less than 50,000 board feet each is not included in the reported cut. An additional 2,470 mills were reported idle. The estimated total lum- ber production in 1917 was 36,000,000,000 board feet. The reported cut shows a decrease of 4.6 per cent from the 1916 figures; the num- ber of mills reporting, a decrease of 4 9 per cent; and the estimated total production, a decrease of 10 per cent. The conditions in and out of the lumber industry which contrib- uted to the decreased production in 1917 are obvious, War demands almost completely disrupted the usual channels of trade distribution. The softwoods which ordinarily are utilized for construction purposes in city and country were diverted to a large extent to Government war preparations-to the building of ships and the erection of build- ings for men and stores and to other types of emergency structures. Advanced prices of all material and high labor costs discouraged private building throughout the country; statistics covering 101 of the principal cities show that the estimated cost of buildings for which permits were issued was 29 per cent less in 1917 than in 1916, and that the number of permits fell off 23 per cent. Factories con- suming hardwoods to a marked extent in nonessential products cur- tailed their output or changed their line, and the decreased demand was not altogether offset by Government purchases and manufactures. A scarcity of cars for long periods, combined with general railroad freight congestion and prolonged embargoes in the East, made it diult to ship lumber for other than Government use. Exports, as during 1916, were small because of the limited tonnage available. High wages paid skilled and common labor and the constant bidding for labor by construction companies in the war hdustries tended toward reduced output through depleting the crews in the woods and mills. Hundreds of small mill operators were unable to cope with the labor situation and did not operate, while hundreds of others found it more profitable to engage in other occupations. In 1916, 67.38 per cent of the lumber reported cut was produced by mills cut- ting 5,000,000 feet or more annually; in 1917 the pt~cent was 71.19. The reported lumber cut, the number of active mills reporting, and the estimated annual total cut are given in Table 1 for each year smce 1899 for which data have been compiled. The statistics for all of the years are not directly comparable, since the intensive- ness of the individual annual canvass made must be taken into con- sideration. The enumerations for 1899 and 1909 were made practi- cally complete through the employment of field agents of the Bureau I PRODUCTIOK OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 3 of the Census in the decennial censuses for those years, which per- mitted the output of nearly all, if not dl, mills being recorded. The reported cut for 1917 was smaller Lhan for any year since 1905, with the exception of 1915, while the estimated total cut for 1917 was the smallest for any year since 1899. Tnsm 1.--Quantity o/ lumber reported, number of active sawmilk reporting, and estimated total cut, 1899-1917.
~e odod cut of Aotlaemllls Estlmatod total 1 1 !umber. 1- rewrting. I cut oflumber. I 1899 35 084 166 000 '1904 34'125'139'000 1935 30'sai,061:000 1% 3f550 136 000 "1907 40:256:154:000 81% 33 224 369 000 lsOg 44:YN: 761:000 1910 40 018 282 000 '1911 37'w3'207'~0 1912 39:156:414;000 113 33,337,W9,WO 11914 37 346 023 WO 1915 31'241'734'000 1916 34'791'385'000 117 33:192:911:000
t Custom rmllsexcluded Ineludes4 5Umillrrtrtri leu thsoSO,~teeI, t Millsouttmg under 50 OW feet excluded 3~~mp&e, vunocr. mTwor~:,box, farlvture i~ncludlngmills which manufacture lath and and other IL~~~~r~ec~lllo~aoglumberat ellln19n~ sbgles exolusfvely (1.W estimated). TABLE2.-Repotted produetion pf lumber 1909 1918,191P and computed totals, 1915, 1916. and 1917, by classes of mi$.
' Quantity reported. CI&sses. -Per
All olasses...... ------......
cws5: ~o,m,mfet
6.37
9. 38
9.06
i The total for 1908 diUers from that shownin the other tables because 4.543 mil& outting 124,966,WOfeet oilwthan 50,000 feet eaoh,are omitted above. 2 Thedats here shown for 1915,1916, and 1917 are mmputed tots18 by classes oImiUs 4 BULLETIX 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
LUMBER PRODUCTION BY CLASSES OF MILLS. The policy of arbitrarily dividing the reporting mills into classes according to the quantity of lumber cut was followed as in previous years. Table 2 shows, by classes, the computed' number of mills reporting and the computed total production for 1909 and for 1912 CLASS 5 - 10,000 M. FT.AND OVER g-899 M ILLS - (3.62 PC.)
CLASS 4- 5,000TO 9,999 M. FT. -459 MILLS - (I.85PC) -3,360,502 M. FT.-(9.38 PC.)
CLASS 3 - 1,000TO 4999 M FT
CLASS 2 - 500 TO 999 M.FT -3,689 MILLS - (14.87 FC.) -2,460,685 M. FT- (6.87 P.C)
CLASS I - 50 TO 499 M. FT.
- (9.06 PC) FIG. 1.-Rolntion of mill classes to pioduetim in 19ii to 1917, inclusive. The figures for 1909 are given for comparative purposes because of the exceptionally complete census obtained for' that year and the belief held by many lumbermen that that year marked the high point in lumber production in this country.
1 "Computed," as used in this bulletin, expresses results obtabed by theextdrm al5gures bed on ait~alretumsso as tosho\r tatalsforspproximately allsawrmlls whetberornot rsportswere-ivedfram them. ( PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 5 \ Attontion is directed to the increasingly 'large per cent of the i total production contributed by the bigger operations. In 1909, ! ! milk cutting 10,000,000 feet and over produced 43.09 per cent of the ! total cut for the year, while in 1917 this same class of mills cut 61.81 per cent of the total. Though special efforts are made to secur'a a report for each big operation, which makes the 6gures for the t.wo 1 larger classes of mills more complete than for those of the three lower , ! classes, tbt\concentration of production among the larger mills is undoubtedly on the increase. Figures on sawmill production and sa\vmilU capacity, arranged by cltisses of mills and by States, are contained in Table 3. The bases for these data were the answers to a question onthe lumber cut schedule as to how much lumber the reporting mill coda produce in a 10-hour shift if demand and price were very favorable. While the question was more or less hypothetical, a sufficient number of replies was received to indicate the condition. A considerable variation is noted in the average number of 10-hour days operated by the milk in different States, and' also in the average yearly output per mill; The table shows that the mills in .the fifth crass operate closer to .- . capacity than do the mills in the lower classes, which bears out a theory held by operators generally. No attempt has been made to compute average figures for the country as a whole, since conditions governing the industry are so divergent as to render a computed average misleading. The cut by classes of mills arranged by States is given in Table 4, which shows not only the importance of the industry of each State but the concentration of large mills in certain regions: Of the 894 class 5 mills reporting their. output for 1917, 124 were locatedin Louisiana, 69 in Mississippi, 55: in Texas, 45 in Arkansas, and 39 in Alabama. In the Lake States group 50 were in Wisconsin, 36'iu Michigan, and 24 in Minnesota. In the western States 124 werein Washington, 58 in Oregon, and 39 in California and Nevada. These 12 States have an aggregate of 663 class 5 mills, or 75 per cent of the total reporting for all the States. By contrast they contain only 21 per cent of the total number of class 1 mills reporting or 2,199 class 1 mills; whereas three other States-Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina-have 1,937 class 1 mills, or nearly as many as the 12 States. . 6 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
TABLE4.-Sawmills classified by States, according to rcportedpuonlitg of lu7nber at,1917.
...... -~
-!gbb~gal~. (.IRSS L M~IIS Class 4: Mills CutlinC Class 3: Mills outtiup (.luss 2: Xiils outling c!hss 1: ~ii~~~~~~ti~~ ornr in,m,a~)f~t, fro" 5 033 to homi~o~~~to 9,~:OW'last. 4,s99,'0~ieet. from999,OW SW,~ feat.to lroln4w.d 50 WC feet. to
~ ~-~~-~ ~ -- ~ ~ stste. ~ -- - ..... Number
reporting. pp~--~ -~-- - . - >~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~. -~ United States.. ... Alabama...... Arizona ...... Arkansas ...... California and Nevada.. Colorado ...... Cannectioot ...... 136 61,236,OW ...... y: ...... Delaware ...... 18 27,467,~ 22 16 343 OW 96 17,426,m Plorldn...... 3 a:z5o:m 3a R 159 m osora...... 27 211,183,000 42 (H1,876,WO 18 4% wo 77 lbrn'~~ Idaho ...... 18 128,840,WO 90 167,546,OW 1:; 60:D:501:W0 36 ti?074iOW 3 27,32~,0~ 21 40,327,WO 16 ~,WO,OW 119 19:~l:m Illioois ...... 114 42,182,OW ...... 2 ...... 5 222 726 OW 8 5 305 OW Illdianula ...... 439 218,712,000 ...... 2 ...... 48 r lll:631:~0 61 90 14 151 OW ION- ...... ti5 13143,OW ...... 1 ...... 1 ...... 41:88~:~ 328 6:197:OW Kansas...... 4 4:255 W0 ...... ' ...... 1 ...... 2 '4,772,OW 8 371 WO Kmtuoky...... 579 329,203:~ 4 64,305,OW 9 64,429,m 42 79,780,OW 59 1 14:255:0W 39,208,WO : 465 81,552,WO Louisiana ...... 335 3,861 88(I WO 124 3,401,708,OW 36 271,073,OW 6s 143.345,OW 39 26 773 OW 71 11 961 WO Maine ...... 530 705:ni4:0(~1 12 xi,45i,m 14 Y~,IDZ,WO Maryland ...... 184 61 728 WO ...... 1 ...... 136 981 OW 91 61:639:~ 277 d751'~ Maswohusetts 4 ~1'573'0~ 19 12 343 om 156 a7'809'~0 ...... 243 138:233:000 ...... ---i ...... 49 7?59?WO 33:70~:OW 144 ~6'9%'~ Miaman ...... 301 975,648,WO 36 Z~:UZ:OW 612,236,OW 28 198,894,~ 47 111:~~4:~o 29 19,332,~ 161 . Minnesota...... 198 999,476,om 24 go?,g~4~0 6 34 770 OW Y 18 14i OW 24 14,946,033 136 Missksippi ...... 671 2,221 010 WO 68 2.3 048 000 1,512 164 OW 30 215:235:OW 189 361:730:OW 115 79 %8 aX) 274 52'53(1'W0 Missollll ...... 357 257'712'0~ 6 97'271'000 7 44 436 OW a 46 75, OW 35 . 22'975'000 n9 4?27+~0 MonW...... I22 347'480'0~ 7 2%:817:OW New Hampshire...... 283 263:511:OW 1 5 36:514:OW 10417 34'203'OW 14 9'325'~ 79 13:637:000 ...... am7:868:0~ 48 32:7~:~0 110 ~,934,0~ PRODUGTIOX OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 9 I s.i Z ZZZZZ Z8ZZZ ZZZEE EZZZZ ZZZEZ Z.ZZZZ -2 ?$ S+y< Sdd"" - -d"s o-,-&-~- 2*-sm-gS.&S$< 2- W--o-S-8-S-FS-q g-z-8aa ?+.o.~ "TL SSr.%~.S- BJ IN sg?&s $-z-g$q 23ggs.--- 3;gHg gE3jg;3gg$a$g z kg dd;---- ..-- - *--- -
2 %ZIZZZZZZZZEZ ZZZEZ ZZZZ% @EZZ ZEEZZ 2.3 .$ &-d",-*-,aZFls s-s-N-*-J-i^c*Pi...... $F%?2F--.,-2e?< s+l%.s*%-m-$;.%z- R2?0o%g -.mnS.W;. -@z>-8:8:%8.~-3~ zg w- g-g-z-gg ggggg gzsg: g!:szg ggss$ g$$gg @ ;:- - $ ., E -m--- --2m-;------z--;
0""-r- fE33.3.d"rnZ* 8333.3.rzzm" am...+-?Z?%Z. ?%.@I. ZSIAgrns or 4' 4' iq 8$0$% ""Bg . e"6-m ES-bs?~$~S3>.%Zi: 2 =?$ m--"m.".i ..... m.sme *ma.,. %gjcA---rg opmaa AS- %ssas B%EF Zzm~,seas$ ssz, --sa- -g 63 -.a.m.m-2m.-.-.-.-.22-.2-- ZZ88E ZSHEZ Z8EZZ Z1Z8Z ZZZ%g
G %Z. '8jjj33.Zj.E-Z.%. E3.Z.g- Sj-ZAZ-gZ"%.%j: Zjg2.Z- 6% ZZEEZ Z~ZZZZSZSE -aZg .- ...... zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz--' moo 8***8 38O"W 2erZ gg*-gg- g gz. $WWF$ cr-wm -mWRm ,+mnn z p <-.ddJ <--d<--22--;2 -
. ...,. .,...... dr ...... ,..,. , m5 x~F~c~~Is~~~s...... -- 155 000 a? 210 000 wo 250 000 wo 143 ~4 000 ~24580 000 259 329 wo N~WM~X~eo...... 93:~:~91:~~:tm 85:787:~0 57:167:000 ffi;818:~ 82:660:~0 Arizona ...... 79 022 000 92 no WO 75 915 000 73,687,000 77 363 WO 78 287 000 COIO~~O...... 71:m:m 7is8dm 74:m'm 102 117 wo 74:raim s81411'0(*3 Maryland ...... 68,WO,WO. a0:737:WO 165,WO:WO 162:V37:000 140,4~9,WO 174;3i0:WO
A
1 Custom millsexehtded. 4 Includes ntof millsin Nevade. I Includes also exclusive lath nnd shingle milisre ortlog (l,5W gitimatad). ~Inoludes-, Nebraska, and Nevada. 8 MiUs cutting less than 50,WOleet per gear exolu%d. m 0 12 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DLPARTMBKT OB AGRTCULTUBe. LUMBER PRODUCTION BY STATES.
Table 5 shows for 10 yeam-1908 to 1917, indusi~ethetotal number of sawmills in operation and the total quantity of lumber
BILLIONS OF BOARD FEET o I e 3 4 5 WASHINGTON ...... F LOUISI4NA...... OREGON...... ~M~SSISSIPPI......
//NORTH CAROLINA...... CALIFORNIA (INCLUDING NEVADA WISCONSIN......
/ qVIRGINIA ...... 3 WESTVIRGINI'A ...... MAINE...... IDAHO...... SOUTH CAROLINA ...... GEORGIA ...... ATEN NESSEL...... 7 PENNSYLVANIA......
4 KENTUCKY...... MONTANA ...... NEW HAMPSHIRE /OM 1550URI...... OKLAHOMA ...... ;/-INDIANA ...... L OH I0...... VERMONT......
Fro. 2.-Computed total lumber production in 1917, by States. reported sawed in each State. These statistics indicate clearly the growth or decline of the industry in each State. It is significant that oilly Washington, Louisiana, and Oregon, the three States ranking highest in production for 1017, and Missouri, PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SWNGLES IN 1911. 13 New Mexico, and Kansas show a larger cut than in 1916. In the other States, with the exception of Oklahoma, where the total cut is the same for both years, the output decreased. None of the garns were c>f much importance except that in Oregon, wh'1ch xvas approximately 16 per oent. Serious declines are noticeable in the figures for some of the larger producing States, such as that of 30 per oent in the North Carolina cut, 27 per oent in West Virginia, 21 per cent in Virginia, 18 per cent in Maine, 26 per cent in Georgia, 25 per cent each in Pennsyl- ~aniaand New Hampshire, and 31 per cent in Eentuchy. The decreased cut extends through the figures for the other States in a varying degree, the 10 per cent, or 89,600,000 feet, decrease in Idaho being of relatively greater importance then the 20 per cent, or 55,000,000 feet decrease in Ohio. The trend of production over a period of years is shown in Table 6 by groups of States which constitute more or less natural units.
TABLE6.-Lumber cut by groups qfStates in pw eent OJ'~total. . . a. I / 1850 : 1880 1870 . 1880 1890 1900 1909 1917: 1- 1- - -- ~~~th~~t-~~~...... 51.8 i 87.0 37.8 25.8 19.8 16.3 11.7 : 7-0 CBntraIgroup ...... i 18.8 21.1 20.0 18.4 13.1 16.1 12.3: .7:4 Sonthem goup.: ...... / 8.5 13.0 8.9 9.7 15.6 24.0 33.3 . 38.S North Carolma pmgroup...... 5. l 4.8 2.5 4.1 4.7 7.7 11.6 9.1 Lake Ststes group ...... 8.3 13.6 24.4 34.7 84.6 24.9 1Z.S . .9.9
Paoifiogx~p...... 5.9 6.4 4.0 3.6 8.5 8.3 15.5 . 23.9 Rmk~ omtllm goup...... I !.9 .9 1.1 1.8 2.9 3.8 lllotherstates ...... '.'... .; 4.0 S.5 28 2.6 1.1 .4 .. .I I . . LUMBER PRODUCTION BY KINDS OF WOOD. Arranged in Table 7 is the computed cut of the different woods for the last 10 years. As the figures in Table 5 disclose a decreased out in most of the States, the figures in Table 6 show a corresponding decline in the quantity of many of the species manufactured. The com- puted cut of only three softwoods was greater in 1917 than during the precedmg year: Douglas fir with an increase of 3 per cent, western yellow pine 16 per cent, and white fir with 15 per cent. Among the softwoods the decrease in the output from the year before amounted to 10 per cent in yellow pine, 17 per cent in white pine, 6 per cent in hemlock, 10 per cent in spruce, 5 per cent in cypress, 1 per oent in redwood, 20 per cent in larch, and 7 per cent in sugar pine. The maximum decrease for any one wood was 59 per cent in lodgepole pine. Hardwood production also fell off appreciably, the decrease reaching 32 per cent in oak, 6 per cent in birch, 22 per cent in chestnut, 38 per cent in yellow poplar, 13 per cent in beech, 15 per cent in elm, and 26 per cent in basswood. 14 .BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMEST OF AGRICULTURE. The several woods which gb to make up the bulk of the lumber cut in the.United.States are treated individually in the,following pages. The tabulation for each specics,showsby States the number of active mills reporting, the quantity reported cut, the proportion of the total reported cut, the average value per thousand feet f. o. b. mill, and the computed total cut. The average values given in the tables are the weighted averages of about 55 per cent of the 16,420 milk which reported their cut, and accurately reflect the true value of the sereral speciesof lumber at the mill. The variation in values for the same
BILLIONS OF BOARD FEET 0 I23456.7891011IE13U YELLOW PINE...... DOUGLAS FIR ...... 1 OAK.: ...... WHITE PINE ...... HEMLOCK ...... WESTERN YELLOW PINE SPRUCE...... CYPRESS...... I Ii MAPLE ...... / GUM (REDANDSAP) ...-. REDWOOD...... I BIRCH...... I!, CHESTNUT...... i I I i CARCK ...... YELLOW POPLAR...... BEECH ...... CEDAR ...... TUPELO...... II/ WHITE FIR ...... ELL...... BA5SWOOO...... 111 COTTONWOOD...... ! ASH...... SUGAR PINE...... HICKORY...... BALSAM FIR...... WALNUT...... SYCAMORE ...... LODGEPOLE PINE ...... \ ALLOTHER KINDS...... he. 3.-Computed total lumber produotion in 1917, by bnds ol wmds. wood in differentstates is caused by character of timber, type ~f manufacture, and distance from market. The question is frequently asked in connection with lumber pro- duction figures as to what part shortleaf pine forms of the total quantity of yellow pine reported, or the per cent of white oak out to the total. It is not practicable in the lumber census work to do more than group the figures for all of the yellow pines together, and treat the oaks, gums, cedars, and other woods i11 the same way since no standard classification is found among the lumbermen. Producers in one section frequently apply a local name to a Gven species and only confusion would follow an attempt to segregate the figures. Tnnr.~7.-Quantity oJeaeh 1;ind ojlumbcr rcporled 2908-1.914, and con~pulcdtotal pvoduclion ojc~chkind ojll~mber,19lZ-191':.
Computed totals. Rwrted totals. Kind of vood 08 1910 1915 I 1914 1913 / 1812 1911 1910 1SW lW8 ti I 2 FedB. M. FedB. M. Fed A. M. Fet B. dl. Fed B. M. Feet B. M. ~eei~.~.Fed B. M. &dB. M. 39,8M,%1,000 37,01l,&W,,OW 37,34G,OZ1,WO 38,387,009,000 39,1&3,414,WO 37,033,207,WO 40,I3,232,W 44,509,731,000 33,224,3m,000
Mwwd...... 487 458 WO 490 850 OM) 420 294 WO &?5 199 WO 510,271,WO 496 796 WO 489 788 000 843 493 000 621 630 OW 4C4 802 000 siroh...... 41dWdo30 ~S~WO'WO415'cia1~ 43dm'm 318738~0 m'nim 43d5711000 420'7w'm ~z'37dm 356:36 Balssmfir ...... 88mWO 125030000 lrN,000,030 125,212,m 93752000 84281~0 83375~0 7453~0~193702W 69953030 wdnut ...... ~:WO:WO W:.WO:WO 4dwo A?'W'WO a'sa'w 36:449:000 4d1as:aao a3'miwo +. sycsmom..; ...... 32 cim wo 40 am wo 3%%?"%% 30,8w:wo 49:4h9:~~) a:siwo e,m,wO smm 45332:~ Lodgepole ine I~YN'WO 3o'sw'm ra'mirxm 1a's7dm, w laem, n rns ccm €3014 wo n,w,m 23'~.3~~+) E ~llotherh%ds::::::::::: 58[11fWO 40:351:WO 47:893:WO d624:OW 85:366:WO 82:145:WO 69:~:~08,428,WO 62:151:OW 47,873,030 ' ~ot+paratsly mpo~,,, I- 01 16 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTVENT OF AGRIOUXTURE. YELLOW PINE. Yellow pine produces nearly 38 per cent of the aggregate cut of all woods. In the yellow-pine cut are included the figures for the long- leaf pine produced in the Southern and Gulf States, the shortleaf pine from the same region as well as from Arkansas, and the short leaf and loblolly pine of the North Carolina pine region. The computed cut for 1917 was 10 per cent under that for 1916 and is the smallest cut recorded since 1911. The decrease in output was generally distributed among the several States, that of 24 per cent in North Carolina being the most noticeable and resulting in the State's dropping from fourth to seventh place in the relative rank of producing States. Alabama's total output was 9 per cent greater than for the preceding year, making the one exception of any note to the widespread reduction in cut. Notonlywas the productionof yellowpinesmallerthanforseverdpre- viopyears,but thecharacter of materiallikewisechanged considerably through the urgent demand for heavy materid needed in ship construe-. tion. No statistics are available as to the increase in the per cent of timbersandlarge-dimension cut, but it wadare. Reportswerereceiped from 6,217 active mills in 191i;whereas 6,592 mills reported in 1916. The average value of yellow pine f. o. b. mill for the year was $19 per 1,000 feet, an advance from $14.33 the year before, and the liighest average value ever recorded for that wood since the collection of prices was undertaken in connection with the lumber census work. The advance is equivalent to 33 per cent over the 1916 value, and the figure is based upon the reports made by 4,260 mills. TABLE8.-reported production of yellolc-ptne ' lz~mberin 1917. [Computed total productionin the United States, 13,539,464,OMfeet.l - .. 8 2,982.638.000 73.9 20.40 B 1 814 928.W 14.6 18.81 272 1'520'286 OM 12.2 19.92 721 lj285:B~:WO 10.3 17.34 391 W,316,WO 7.7 20.10 8.5 31,118,m .a 15. ~rs I Laoglgsfpine (Pinisyalzuh:~), also known BF Slash (or Cuban) pino (Phwca?ibom). cut mmtiy in oeorgjapmeandhardpine~ndexported as pitoh Georpjaqdthe aulfstatcseast ofthe xi&eaippi River. Sorubproe TABLE9.-ReportedproducliOn #Douglas-AT ' lumber, 191 7. ! [Computed tolsl produotion in the United States, 5,5s,OW,WO feet.] I'nited States Wwhin@on.:.'...... -...... OrB~Or,...... 1- California...... IdshO...... i Montana. .r...... I All other States ((see Summary, p. 39)...... i , I I Dcusls? fir (Pdeudolsw toi?loloba),r the prinoiwl oommorcid species OAK. There has been an almost unbroken annual decline in oak production in the United States during the last ten years, and 1917 proved 110 exception to this tendency. The reported cut of 1,967,694,000 feet was 9 per cent smaller thm the 1916 output, with reports from 8,839 mills in 1917 and 9,400 in 1916. The decreasing cut can be ascribed to the fact that oak stumpage is not so plentiful as it was a decade ago and that the use of a wider variety of hardwoods has affected the demand for oak. Several changes in the relative positions of the States in order of production occurred in 1917. Tennessee rose to second from thisd place in the amount cut because of an increased cut over 1916 amount- ing to 5 per cent, displacing Arkansas. Mississippi dropped from sixth into eighth place, North Carolina moving into the former position. Missouri advanced to seventh from tenth place, owing to an increased cut amounting to 18 per cent over the prenious year. The figures for Tennessee, Missouri, and Indiana are the only ones 1 Pscudotwu~alazr/oDo 9676i0-1SBulJ. 76L3 18 BULLETIN m8, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. showing anincreased cut for 1917. It is worthy of note that Indiana, where the manufacture of oak has been carried on for generations and where a dacreased output could logically be looked for, reported a cut of 85,210,000 feet, as compared with 83,674,000 feet in 1916. The average value of oak rose from 820.06 per 1,000 feet in 1916 to $24.49 in 1017, an increase of 22 per cent. TABLB10.-@ported production of oak lumber, 1917. (Compnted tots1 production in the United States, 2,m,,WO,WOfeet.] reporting. Feet B. dl. 8,839 1,961,894,WO .- 25.37 421 2% 763 NO 24.05 563 170'409:000 15.80 834 1%9:715,000 19.98 Indiana ...... 412 / 85 210 WO 1. S 34.81 Imrisisnn- ...... I 98 70:j31!000 1 3. 23.48 Ahbamn ...... 11.8P . Texas...... I 21.m New York...... 25.w noth her stater (see ~ummsy,p. 30). ..A ...... %.@a .- I I comn?ereiaUy the &me elssed s~svhitemd re The principal eommeroiel oaks are listed beloo: WHITE PINE. The output of white pine in 1917, like that of other softwoods, was smaller than for the previous year. The total reported produc- tion of 2,050,360,000 feet showed a decrease of 12 per cent. The cut was the smallest of which there is record. The reduced cut is consistently shown by all of the States, the greatest reduction for any one State being that shown for Idaho of 110,651,000 feet, or 36 per cent. Minnesota's mills put out 41 per cent of all the white pine reported cut in 1916 and 44 per cent in 1917; Idaho's share was 13 per cent in the 1916 total and 9 per cent in 1917. Maine, where many generations of lumbermen have developed the white pine industry, displaced Idaho in second place in the rank of producing States, and New Hampshire moved into fourth place, which was occupied by Wisconsin in 1916. The average value of white pine for the year was $24.81 per 1,000 i feet, an advance of $5.65 per 1,000, or 29 per cent, over the year ' before. ! TABLE11.-Reported production of whitepine ' lumber, 1917. i [cornputad total prodaotior it the United Stat-, 4250,0W,000 leel.] North Carolina...... 96 20 190 ow 1.0 22 I3 Vermont...... -...... --...... I14 18'884'0~ .S 21.04 CO,,"BC~~C"~...... 54 10:0~1:wo .5 23.11 Virginia...... 74 9 144 WO .5 I.20 I lest \-irginia...... 57 ~'~1'000 .4 20.89 an oti~erslates (see summary, 1,. su,...... -...--.- 143 21:~:~ 1.0 19.62 -- I white pine (Pin%~gmbus) is the whim pile cut in tho Lake States, tho Northeastern States, and the A palschian region. . %orwas or red) pme Ptnu rescno8~),though botanically a yellow ~ino,is ouL in Lhe Lake States and 1, 1 -,keted rnth &te pine. ' , EZpine(~inusaan~rana)~oulmt* ~kpstatm. n.este~nxvh~tep~ne(Pznusmontimla) n out mldaho, Montann, Washisston, ilnd Oregon.' . HEMLOCK. The curtailment in production in 1917 was lass for hemlock than for any other one of the principal construction woods. The total reported production of 1,968,217,000 feet was smaller by only approxi- mately 18,000,000 feet, or less than 1 per cent, than the 1916 cut. The output of the mills in Wisconsin, the leading State inhemlock production, was enlarged by 7 per cent over that of 1916, which may be attributed to the exceptionally heavy demands made by the Gov- ernment for lumber for construction work. Michigan mills likewise increased their output, though less than 1 per cent of the total. Wisconsin and Michigan combined to produce in 1917 more than 45 per cent of the hemlock cut of the country, as compared with 43 per cent in 1916. Washington's increased output was 19 per cent, amounting to nearly 50,000,000 feet. Slightly increased production alko took place among the New York and the Tennessee mills, and in the shifting of figures New York supplanted Maine in the sixth position in the relative rank of States. The average value of hemlock rose from $15.35 per 1,000 feet in 1916 to $20.78 in 1917, an increase of 35 per cent. PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 21 SPRUCE. The immense demand for spruce for airplane material is not re- flected in the lumber production figures for 1917, slnce the accelerated production did not take pl'ace until late in the year. Much spruce gotten out in the moods was in the form of rived bolts, and was not the product of the sawmill. The total reported cut, 978,265,000 feet, was 13 per cent smaller than in 1916. Main&, which has contributed annually about one- third of the total spruce milled, sawed only 79,000,000 feet, or 21 per cent less in 1917 than in 1916; even with the reduced cut the State maintained first rank among the producing States. The cut in Vermont, New Hampshire, and New York also vr-as reduced, and this reduction, as in Maine, is directly attributable to the higher price obtainable for spruce as pulp material than as lumber. Oregon rmked seventh in 1915 among the spruce produc~ngStates, jumped into fourth place in 1916, and assumed third place in 1917. Oregon cut 65,000,000feetiu 1915,96,000,000feet a yearlater, and121,000,000 feet in 1917. Washington's cut was slightly smaller in 1917 than for the preceding year. North Carolina, Minnesota, Colorado, California, and Idaho enlarged their total for 1917. The average value reported for spruce lumber was $24.41 per 1,000 feet, though from $100 to $250 per 1,000 feet was paid for the highest grade procurable for airplane construction. The average value in 1916 was $17.58, so that the 1917 val'ue represents a rise of 39 per cent. TABLE14.-Reported productwn ofspruco ' lumber,1917. [Cornputad total pioduchon m the Uluted States, l,lW.W0,000 feet I -- .- I ~~d spruce (pima ,&a) in the pnncipsl species cut in the northenstern Stab* adthe Anpalachian 22 BUILETIX 768, U. S. DEPABTbIElrlT OF AGRICULTURE. CYPRESS Cypress was less seriously affected by the general slump in pro- duction than many other woods and the cut of 917,445,000 feet was but 3 per cent, or 28,000,000 feet, under that for 1916. In Louisiana, which milled 56 per cent of all the cypress cut in 1917, the output of 509,659,000 feet was 17,766,000 feet, or 3 per cent, less than in 1916; and in Florida the cut of 166,857,000 feet was 21,942,000 feet, or 12 per cent, under that of 1916. In Sonth Carolina the total cut was enlarged and the State displaced Georgia in third place among the producing States. The cut reported in Arkansas and Missouri also was slightly more in 1917 than the year before. The average value of cypress for 1917, $23.92, is an advance of $3.07, or 15 per cent, over the preceding year, and the spread is noticeably less than for many of the other woods. TABLE15.-Repwted picduction of ypress lumber, 1917. [Computed total production in the Uiuted Stat-, sSO,WO,WOleet.1 Number of Arerage ~~ti~ernill~ ~er0e.t. reportjng. y$$fgF f.0.b.mill. -- Xiuouri ...... Misrissi pi ...... 'I North E)Brolin~ ...... ' Temessea...... 1 Vlrgmni...... : All ?her States (see Summcrr, p. 39)...... 1 I I 1 Bald oyprw (Tarodizlm diakhum) is the ane species cut ap snch. MAPLE. The quantity of maple reportod sawed was less by approximately 1 per cent than in 1916. The three principal producing States, Michigan, Wisconsin, and West Virginia, produced within 11,000,000 feet as much as in 1916, and slight increases in output occurred among the mills in Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri. The production of maple has not varied to any marked degree during the last 10 years. The average value of $23.16 per 1,000 feet is an increase above t,he average of $18.24 obtained in 1916 of $4.92 per 1,000 feet, or 27 per cent. PRODUCTIOK OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1911. 23 TABLE1G.-Reported production of maple ' lumber, 191 7. .rcomouted - total ucmi~ctio~in the United States, 880,000,000 leet.1 Averwe active f. o b mill. ...... lYest Vir inia ~~~~mfPennsylxmnia...... Ohio...... Indiana...... vemont...... -...... --...... Missouri...... 1,050 RED GUM. One of the few woods for which a gain in production was made in 1917 was red gum, the total output reaching 730,662,000 feet, or a 12 per cent increase over the 1916 total of 651,879,000 feet. The cut in 1916 was 36 per cent greater than for the preceding year. Organi- zation of the efforts of the operators in finding new markets and in handling their product is responsible for the enlarged output and consumption of red gum. The quantity cut in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana was slightly in excess in each instance of the 1916 output, the total for the three States amounting to 68 per cent of all the gum reported cut. Tennessee's production almost trebled in 1917, being 64,356,000 feet. The 1916 cut was 23,917,000 feet. It is significant that the number of mills which reported cutting red gum in 1917 was 1,949, while but 1,845 reported in 1916. A higher average mill value was obtained in 1917 than in 1916, the average value of $19.56 in 1917 being an increase of $4.92 per 1,000 feet, or 34 per cent. TaBm 17 -Reported productzon of gum ' lumber, 1917 ~Comuutedtotal produotion m the Unltod States, 788,WO,000feet. l ,. Number of 284 230 %4 000 31.6 19.92 20P 169'847'000 23.2 19.96 89 94:671:000 13.0 19.22 212 64 358 000 8.8 24.42 49 26:34$000 3.6 16.80 117 25,147,000 3.4 15.06 ...... 60 24 981 000 , 3.4 17.23 Sooth Carolina...... 32 19'881'000 2.7 17.93 North Carolina...... 116 12:866:000 1.8 15.78 Gwpia...... -...... 4S 12,3~wO 1.7 16.75 Kentucky...... I 163 10 084 000 1.4 16.80 vii@aia ...... i 122 9'165'000 1.3 15.91 ~llotherStll~es (sac summary, P. 39)...... / 453 29:984:~0 4.1 1 19.19 i Red (OTSIV~~)gum (~ipl~id~mbr~t~~c~ifiuz) is the only spoios thal goes into red gum lumber. Com - mereialsap gum is the sapwood 01 the rod gum. I 24 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMCST OF AGRICUL'J!URE. REDWOOD. Redwood production Tvas maintained in 1917 on the same scale as for t,hc proccding par, the reported total output of 487,458,000 fmt being less than 1 per cent smaller than that for 1916. The produc- tion figure given is believed to cover approximately all of the red- wood cut. An exceptional advance of 51 per cent is noted in the average mill value over the previous year. The value reported was $21 per 1,000feet in 1917, a jump of $7.07 from 1916. P.%BLE15 -Reported productton ofrcdaood ' lumber, 1917 - ! Xllmber of I ' lrenge mi!lsl 9~mtit~ i el lie per leporti,,g, I reported. 1 P"'~"~.I l Om feet , i ...... f.o.hmilr ~ . -~~~ i-1- 1-1 1-1 m1n.W 1 I United Gtatc~...... 36 487,4%3,WO, 1W.O ! 121.W --Caiilorni 487,4%,0a) / 100.0 / 21.00 ' 1 Redaaod (Srpua'o aempriairenr) ic tile species ohisfly cut. Bigtree (Sequoia too~aingto~toni'dm)hmishes a mnor part of the redwood productmil. BIRCH. The reported total cut of birch, anlounting t,o 387,283,000 feet, was an increase of 6 per cent over the 1916 cbt, and was occasioned by the heightened war demands. Wisconsin and Michigan, the two principal birch-producing States, increased their output over the pre- ceding year by 16 per cent and 4 per cent, respectively. l'he com- bined output of the two States formed 65.3 per cent of all birch reported cut in 1916 and 69.9 per cent in 1917. The number of mills which reported cutting birch inWisconsin and Michigan in 1917 was 367 and for the preceding year 410. Vermont's increase in cut from 22,980,000 feet in 1916 to 30,882,000 feet in 1917 puts that State in third instead of fifth place in the rank of producing Stat,es. The arerage ~alueof $24.07 per 1,000 feet reported for birch is $4.48, or 23 per cent, orer the 1916 value. TABLE 19.-Reported production of birch ' bambrr, 1917. :comflutpri total production in ths United States, 41i,WO,Om ieC.1 Pet B. .>I. .- ---- 226 m8 8M WO 53.9 24.21 141 6117d8'0a) 16.0 24.74 202 30(,894KQ 8.01 25.98 I50 21 713 W0 5.6 21.44 ~ ~ 107 18:960:~0. . 4.9 1 25.02 N~WYO~~...... -.- ...... Pemsl~aEa,:.:...... 'New arnpdme ...... 20.86 Mbnesots...... 18.26 All other States (xo Sumrnar.~,p. 39)...... -.. 20.82 1 Yellevbirch (B1tula2utea)~kthep~iieipaLspeole~0~ti?the.L~~~States Xeu; ~ngiid,and~ewYork. Pllper birchjBetda papflfifero)and white (or gray) birch (BenUa pop~i;/alio)arc atso cut to a limited extent in New England. sweat (or oherr:) birch (Brlul? lenco) is cut in West Virginia and Pennsy1,-ania. Riwr (orred) hrch ((Bct,~lznigra) is cut m tho Southern Statos: PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 25 CHESTNUT. The chestnut-lumber production of 382,652,000 feet was a slump of 9 per cent from the total of the year before. The cut in West Virginia. of 107,410,000 feetwas 24,782,000 fect, or 19 per cent less than that of 1916: Aslight increase occurred among the mills in North Caro- liia, Virginia, Connecticut, Tennessee, and New York. A decreased cut jn Pennsylvania dropped that State from second to fourth rank . in order of State production. The average value of chestnut was $21.54 in 1917, an increase over the 1916 value of $4.49, or 26 per cent. TABLE20.-Repor* produclio?~ofehcslnut ' lumber, 191'7. IComputed total production in the Uililcd Ststos, 416,OW,WO feel.] -~ ~~ ~ -- Number of sati"~mills 2'22 reporting. ~ I .- I 1 Chestnut (&?~nee den~)is the only qeeies inoluded in chestnut lumlx. . . LARCH. Larch production declined 11 per cent from 1916, the total cut being 336,640,000 feet in 1917 and 376,731,000 feet the year before. In Montana the decrease amounted to 17 per ceut and in Idaho to 7 per cent. These two States cut 72 per cent of the total in 1916 and 70 per cent in 1917. Wiswnsids output was 40 per cent and that of Michigan 11 per cent under the 1916 kures. The quantity milled in Washington was 12 per cent greater than the year before; in Oregon it was 63 per cent greater. Minnesota's total showed an increase of 17 per cent from the year before. The fact that larch shared in the advance in price with other of the western woods explains, in part, the greater output in Washing- ton and Oregon. The tamarack, or larch, of the Lak6 States has always returned the operators a higher average value, as will be noted from the figures shown in the accompanying tabulation, than the western product. The average mill valuc for all larch was $12.49 in 1916; in 1917 it was $16.21, an increase of 30 per cent. 26 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. TABL~:21.-Reported production of lurch ' (tamarack) lumber, 1917. [Computed total productionin the United States, 3W,Wn,WOfeet.] Number 01 Avemge aeti~emills ~ereent. reporting. ~~1~~ -----f. 0. b. mill. Fcel B. N. United States...... -- 16.38 14.80 13.74 20.71 20.56 Michigan...... 14 683 WO Oregon...... Allather Stataq (see Summary, p. 39)...... / 42E) li7mail614:WO ?I.? 21.1.9 1 Western larch (Laru: oecidmfaZL?) is the species atin the Inland Em ire and the PeoiOc Northwest. Tamarack, or larch (Loriz toricino), is out in the Lake States and New ellgland states. YELLOW POPLAR. The reportcd total output of yellow poplar of 325,968,000 feet was smaller by nearly 70,000,000 feet, or 17 per cent, than the 1916 cut. The decrease is consistent with the general trend of poplar production during the last 10 years. West Virginia's cut alone fell off 23,480,000 feet, or 23 per cent, from the year before; and a decreased cut took place in most of the other States producing poplar except in Tennessee and Kentucky, where slight gains are recorded. The average mill value of $27.17 per 1,000 feet is $5.28 per 1,000, or 24 per cent, above the 1916 value. TABLE22.-Repmed production of yellow-poplar ' lumber, 1917. [Compotcci total produelion in the Uiiited qtitates, 35o,WO,MX) feet.] Number of . 1 Avew active mills rmortezPer cent. ~~f~~ reporting. f. b. b.mi~~. ~ -- I'eet B. M. United Stales...... 2,779 35,968,WO lW.O $3.17 West Virginia...... : 26 79 036 000 24.2 30.73 Tennessee...... 429 48'425'000 14.9 28.61 K~ntllcky...... 333 42:205:WO 12.9 30.84 Virginia.. .., ...... 355 37 213 000 11.4 26.00 ~~~thC~~OI,~~...... 305 zs:311:wo 9.0 21. n Georgia...... 87 28 252 WO 8.7 22.43 Alabama...... 189 21'519'000 8.8 19.67 Ohio ...... 119 13'232'000 4.1 31.56 Sonth Cnrolina...... 138 7'014'000 2.1 20.85 Indiana...... 198 6:~4:000 1.9 35.48 I I 1- 1 Yellow poplar (Zillodcnnron lulipijwc) isllle only speoles that goes into poplar lumber. PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 27 BEECH. The production of beech was less than 2 per cent smaller in 1917 than in the preceding year, the figures being 278,345,000 feet for 1917 and 283,363,000 feet for 1916. Michigan's cut was 10 per cent less than for the previous year. In Indiana the cut was increased slightly and that State moved into swnd from third place among the producing States; while Pennsylvania, which occupied second, dropped in60 fourth place. Beech is one of the woods which has shown a steady decrease annually for 10 years past. The average mill value for beech in 1917 was $19.58 per 1,000 feet; in 1916 it mas 516.20, so that there was a rise of 21 per cent during the year. TABLE23 -Reported production of beech ' lumber, 1917. [pmputed totall,mduct~onm the Umtsd Statos, 29B,WO,WQ feet I Number d Average Virpiuis...... , ...... :...... 3 143 WO 17.46 New Hamph~re...... 26s iaaW/P;BW;WO i::j3.5 lam17.41 tstes (see summar,., p. a)...... -.-~~~~ / nliothar $1 I Beech (Fagus alropzmieca) is lhe only species that goas into beechlumber. CEDAR. The output of cedar lumber in the United States does not represent the drain on the cedar timber, since millions of feet are used annually in the manufacture of shingles and thousands of poles, posts, ties, and pencil slats are also produced. The cut of cedar lumber in 1917 was 258,005,000 feet, 70 per cent smaller than the year before. While the production fell off 13 per cent in Washington and 9 per cent in Oregon, the combined output of these States was 68.9 per Cent of that reported for the entire country in 1917, as. compared with 62.6 per ceut in 1916. Cdifornia's output increased 28 per ceut and the State moved past Idaho and Virginia from fifth into third place. Considerable variation is shown in the average value compiled for the different' States, which reflects the difference in the species cut. The average value of cedar per 1,000 feet for the country as a whole took an upward turn from $15.24 for 1916 to $19.40 for 1917, an advance of 27 per ceut. 28 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. TABLE24.-Reporled p~oductiaoJeeda~ ' lumber, 1917. [Computed totalproduotion in the United States, ?05,OM,OM feet.] ...... Tennessee...... 33.44 North Carolina...... 22.93 Meno...... Michigan...... AllotherStati.s(sea Snmmnry,~.391...... I Western red eodsr (Thuja pZi+la) is cut in ,lVas@ngton Oregon, and Idaho. Port Orford oedrr (Chomzecypaiu laluso~io?a)1s ~utm 0;e;on. Yellow oedar (C+lnoceyparu nootkat$nsis) I! cut m W+shmgton. Incense osdar (Lzbomd~zc~decz~rrcns) 18 cut ?n Ca,Uoms. , Northern whits cedar (or arborvitae>(Thuja orndenfolis) 1s out in the Lake States and the Torth- eastem States. Wbtte cedar (of Juniper)(Chamkeypad8 Ulyoidr8)is cut in thq Atlantic Coast States. Redoedar(Junz erva zn7gtnwno)and southern red jumper (Jlmtpems borbadmw)ls cutinTennessee, FloridB, and ,?labsms. TUPELO. Nearly all of the leading tupelo-producing States, the exception being Virginia, reported a heavier out in 1917 than the year before, the total for the country being 249,992,000 feet, or 17 per cent in excess of the 1916 figures. The cut was larger in Louisiana by 12 per cent than the year before, 14 per cent in Alabama, nearly three times as large in Mississippi, and more than twice as large in North Carolina and South Carolina. Forty more mills reported cutting tupelo in 1917 than in 1916. In each one of the last 10 years there has been a growth in the output of tupelo. There was a decided upward tendency in the avertlge value, whch reached $18.06 per 1,000 feet, an increase of 39 per cent over the 1916 average value of $13. TABLE25 -Reported produehon of tupelo1 lumber, 191i [Computed total production m the United Stntes, 265,Wfl,oW feet I ! liumber of i ! Averase j nrtiuemills/ :%:$? tX- J'er em. , "porting. 1.0. b. mill. 1 B I. I United States ...... 6.58 249,992;W ! 66 127 210 ooo I 43 zj'52S1W 54 211974'W0 51 18'179'WLl 1 18 l6:933:WO 1 virBnis...... I S~W 15.2% ~0un...... -- ...... I 7 17.54 Tsnnmec...... I :M I 5 115 WO 2.0 , 17.69 nrxansas...... 1 36 1 4'733'~0 1.9 Y.76 nu ~therstates (sesummary, p. 39)...... 1 230 1 13:~loiw 6.4 1, 18.06 ELM. Compared with the quantity of elm reported cut in 1916, the 1917 total cut of 191,853,000 feet is but 2 per cent smaller. The cut was lower by 11 per cent than the year before in Wisoonsin, 15 per cent in Miehiian, and 9 per cent in Indiana. The mills in Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri out more than in 1916. The annual production of this wood has not varied much during the last few years. The average millvalue of elm was $23.89 in 1917, an inorease of 23 per cent over the 1916 average of $19.46. TABGE26 -Reported production ofelm ' lumber, 1917 [Computed totei production in the Uniled States, 204WO,WOIeot I . . Peeeel B. M. United States...... 2,562 191,853,000 lW.O $23.89 wi~~nsio...... n~ 46 077 wo 24.0 24.14 ?died& ...... :...... ::A ...... aW 80'10fWO 18.8 27,s Arkaos as...... 1 21:748:WO 11,s 23.55 Indim:...... 210 17 244,WO 9.0 25:s Tan-...... ---- .. -...... 141 1$809:W0 6.7 25.51, Wssippi ...... 86 .11,40,.W0 6.0 20.41 Missom...... :...... 126 9,959,mO 5.2 21.23 Ohio...... ZIO 965?WO 6.0 22.81 New Yo&...... :...... 420. 8:016~WO S. 1 2.88 LonisiaMi...... ,...... 37 4 786 000 2.5 22.93 AUother States (see Summary, p. 39). --.:. .: ...:. :.. 028 10:01~m0 8.4 18.70 -. I I 1- 8 1v08ie(01wi&)~lol( On ,on.~r'wrr i. rut hallofLheStafcrcasf of the Roehr Uountei~r Siilperg {o'rrd rsolr)t,m (L7mui puo~a~rna,is~~2ltiothe smere&us, nhra dm. c~lrh(orttu~ro& elm (17ncaror~n~osor.ieut mthe ~skolntci. \vhedm( C?nurolato and dudlr elm ,j.ln.ua riosn/oUo)are xc.%siooa!l~ cut in the 10-r .Vlr&%ippi \.ang. BASSWOOD. The cut of basswood has shorn an almost unbroken yearly decrease since 1908, and the 1917 figure of 190,757,000 feet is 9 per cent less than the reported cut of the year preceding. With the exception of Michigan, where an increase of about 5 per cent over the 1916 manu- facture is noted, the six leading producing States show a deoreesed cut from the year before ranging from a maximum of 27 per cent in West Virginia to a minimum of 1 per cent in Virginia. The average mill value for basswood in 1917 w& $25.96: in 1916 it was $21.05. The increase is 23 per cent. 30 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. TABLE27.-Reported producC$on of basswood lumbm, 191'7. [Computed total pmdoctionin the United States, Z03,W.l,WOieet.l I Tee8 B. M. UnitadSt& ...... 2,548 190,757,W.l 1W.O! . SZ96 Wlsoomin...... 67 787 WO 35.5 26.00 MichiF:.: ...... 81'427'W.l 20.1 27.74 wwt irema ...... a'oss'm 11.1 25.43 New York...... :...... 12:dWO 6.4 25.48 Virginia...... 6,wz.5,~0 3.6 25. E4 Ohio...... -.- ...... Indiena...... Kmtucky...... Vermont Pennsylvania...... Minnesots...... Allother Ststes (see Summary, p. 89)...... WHITE FIB. White fir is of ever growing importance commercially, and its production increases eaoh year. The 1916 productio~lwas 56 per oent greater than the 1915 output. The total output of 213,427,000 feet reported for 1917 is 13 per oent in excess of the 1916 out. The quantity made by the California and Nevada mills was 40 per cent more than the year before. The combined cut of the two States was 56.6 per oent of the country's total in comparison with 45.3 per oent in 1916. The cut of the Washington mills increased 32 per oent and that of the Montana mills was nearly trebled; on the other hand, Idaho miUs out 38 per cent and Oregon mi.3 per cent less than in 1916. A 40 per ctent inorease in the average value of white fi took place during the year. The 1916 value was $12.25; the 1917 value, $17.16. TABLE28.-Repwted production ojwhiaite-jr' lumber, 1917 [Computedtotal production in the United Ststes, 318,2W,000 ieet.1 United States...... Caliiomls (including Nevada) ...... 63 120 €61 WO 56.6 18. W 51 37'416.~01 11.5 17.81 41 22'7361~0 11.1 15.36 41 19'847'WO / 9.3 13.79 9 9:545:000 4.6 15.28 Another States (see Summary, p. 39)...... 28 2,122,WO I 1.0 17.91 I I I I 1 White Ur (Abiesconrolor) is out only inthe West. Marketedas white Uram: GrandRr(AFicsprandi8) outmostly@Idahopndnio~t-. Silver Ur \A~esaiesam(1,bi1i8jout ohiefiy!n Washmgton. NobleUr Ahcalaohlia but cbierly m 0rogo.n. Red Rr (Abics map+&), out chiecy ip Calrfom~?. Alpine fir (Abics lonocarpa), out ollloRy m Cshiornm. COTTONWOOD. Cottol~rvoodproduction totaling 178,985,000 feet reflected stimu- lated manufacture in 1917, for it mas a 33 per cent addition to the 1916 reported cut. A large part of the cottonwood produced is utilized in the manufacture of boxes, and the demand for boxes during the year was exceptionally strong. Production in Mississippi was 35 per cent over that of 1916, in Louisiana.17 per cent, in Missouri 62 per cent, and in Arkansas 68 per cent. Cottonwood output during the last ten years bas remained nearly stationary. The average mill value for cottonwood increased 33 per cent, or from $17.42 in 1916 to $23.19 in 1917. TABLE29 -1iepwted production of cottonwood1 lumber, I917 [Cornp,il~dlotal prodnctlon m the United States, 180,WO,W [eel I IIEUB. di. United States. 928 118,885,030 lW.O ( 6W.19 5.5 5.5 47 725 030 53.7 23.57 55 48'16s'030 25.8 53.04 32 21.491)W.l 12.0 23.83 65 ld986'030. 6.1. 15.73 64 8:655[030 4.8 23.15 Uan) is the soedes mmt oommonlv cut ens1 of tlie Roob Ma,. States,md toa Stales ASH. Of the eight States leading in the production of ash all but one slightly increased their respective outputs and contribubed to the 2 per cent increase over the 1916 cut. The total reported quantity milled was 159,175,000 feet. The exception noted above was in Arkansas, where the decreased output amounted to 10 per cent. Louisiana by an increased cut of 33 per cent over 1916 became the leading producing State, supplanting Arkansas in the position. Tlie demand for ash in 1917 became insistent because of specific uses to which it was put in war-preparation work. Ash has next to the highest average value of any domestic wood The average for 1917 was $30.01 per 1,000 feet, an increase of 26 per cent from $23.85 in 1916. 32 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTU%E: TABLE30.-Reported pmdueti~nofash lumber, 1917. [Competed tola production in the United States, 175,WO,WO leet.1 .- I- Numberof; . . reportmg. -- . . .-. -...... -- .-.. II.~mi,~r:r~.cpri.rl,: $p,.i..,. nii-e :ih ,nd lrono ash ?I:. 1on:a i, vdr fromihe %lutesh rrw aLc1,t,e l,,tvrc<",,z -1.v l,l..~*%,I, ,,c<. tirermmh(Fh~.r!.lir:<.liL:r hicur 11, 111, S~u'LtroBr~'k;. !Vh~ted(Flonnutcr eric..,o) rgur )!I rhcl'?:.':~IiI.!e.. Ill~~karhFlnr. cvr n!yrul ~r s! i$lfl.oLAO ~atl>.?nd Srnh.-' rn ji,lti. RPdalh (Fkrnw ~l;,rar,~lo,au)ismtin llmrlrd uertl) irr rlc F&*rm rate. OIOgooanlt (E.i,z?,,.raurtyr<~i19e::t i,, :he l'&e%orrh\?e%;. SUGAR PINE. The cut of sugar pine totaled 132,568,000 feet in 1917, a decrease of 22 per cent from the year before. A slightly larger quantity wss sewed in Oregon than the year before. with an addition of two mills to the number reporting. The average value of sugar pine u-as $24.69 per 1,000 feet. In 1916 the average was $16.77. The difference represents an increase of 47 per cent. A material difference exists between the average value reported for the two States, Oregon and California. TABLE31.-Repwted productzon qi$iga?-pzne' lumber, 1117 [Computed total pmduetlon in thc Umted States, 13q600,WO leet I Average rnporting. FedB. .U. ! United Statos...... Wfornia...... I 9.5. W Omgrm...... 16.15 1 Sugu pine (Pinub lambrrliane) 1s the only spewes out as such end is iound only m Calllonua and south- ern Oregon. HICKORY. Hickory lumber production in 1917 declined 12 per cent from the year before, the total being 82,512,000 feet. Production has shown a decrease for almosb every year of the last ten, emphasizing the scarcity of this important wood; much hickory, however, is made into vehicle dimension stock and is not reported in the lumber cut. Of the ranking 10 States the only one which exceededits cut for 1916 is Xssissippi, which increased its output b~-10 per cent. PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917 33 An increase in the average value from $23.84 to $29.48 per 1,000 feet, or 24 per cent, took place from 1916 to 1917. TABLE32.-reported produetion ojhiekory ' Lcmber, 1917. [Computed total production (n the United States, 95,W,WO fect.1 Oili0...... --- ..... -...... I KE~LuCI;~...... -;- I.C"iil*,,&...... -- .. -. ... - ...... I'enns~lv~nis...... 2...... Mssouri L...... : SO~Carolina.. .:...... i Virginis ...... All other States (see Snmmary, p. 39). ....-...... ? srveralspodes of hickow are out, the principal ones being: 6 bark (Hiario oveta). S%bsrk (Herialoeilllosa). Pignut (Hieorla gkzbra): Bittemut (Himriq mintme). MTkBm"t (Hiano ozb). . . BALSAM FIR. The reported balsam-fir output, 75,491,000 feet, was 22 per cent smaller than in 1916. A part of the timber out was diverted from the sawmill to the pulp mill because of its relatively higher value as pulp wood than saw logs. The production in Wiswnsin was more than double that of the year before. The cut for the other States fell off in various proportions from 20 per cent in Maine to 49 per cent in New Hampshire. The average mill value of balsam fir of $20.02 per 1,000 feet was 21 per cent more than the corresponding figure for 1916. TABLE33.-&porMpr&n ofbdalsam-$7 lumber, 1911. [c&nPmputedtotal produotion in the United States, 83,8M),W0!eat.] - Average F?tR. M. Uniled States ...... 485 r5,491,WO 1m.0 sm.02 -- ~ - Maine...... --- .. --...... 197 42 839 WO 56.8 20.95 Minnesota ...... -- ...... L ...... 65 1i234'000 14.9 14. SG Michigan ...... 41 7'898'000 10.4 20.85 wismmin...... 33 5'884'000 7.8 19.87 Vermont...... 89 ~'E~'wo 5.6 21.62 New Ramphire...... I 30 2:47d0w 3.3 21.18 Another States (see summary,p. 39) ...... / 80 884:~ 1.2 W.18 Balsamor (bias bdsamea) is tse only speeis out as such. 34 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF BGRICULTURE. WALNUT. Despite the urgent oall for black-walnut lumber, made largely by rifle rnanufwLure~u,produotion was 53,676,000 feet, or 12 per cent, below that of the year previous. V,eheer producers were active in the market and many of the best logs went to these plants instead ' of to sawmills. In Missouri and in Ohio the output was greater by 10 per cent than in the previous year, but the figures for the other States show a decline. A noteworthy jump of 72 per oent over the 1916 average value of wnluut took place. In 1916 the value was $42.38 per 1,000 feet; in 1917 it was $72.99. The importance attached to walnut is shown by the faot that its value is greater than that of any other domestic species. TABLE34.-Reported production of walnut ' lumber, 1917. [Computed tots1 produotionin the Unitad States, 62,WO,WO fset.! 1- 1- &el R. n% United States ...... i 1,001 53,576,WO -100.0 572.2.gg 61 13 373 WO U.9 117.77 122 81112'W0 16.1 44.0'5 189 7'872'000 Id.? 61.92 126 6:6&:~0 15.4 44.51 , 115 4,828,WO P.0 / 51.82 31 3 718 WO 0.9 59.91 23 2:269:~0 1.2 115.21 77 887 000 1.7 37.70 27 532'WO 1.0 51.06 52 450: WO 6.8 31.53 50 255 WO .5 41.55 North Carolina...... BO:WO .4 32.85 All other States (see Summary, p. 39)...... 4,493.m 6.4 79.86 I Black walnut (Jughas nipa) is the only species cut as snch. SYCAMORE. Sycamore produotion has rundong rather evenly for 10 years. The 1917 cut of 28,548,000 feet was but 2 per oent more than that of the previous year. The Arkansas output was 17 per cent and the Tennessee output 32 per oent greater than in 1916. From 1916 to 1917 the average value of sycamore advanoed from $14.65 to $18.68 per 1,000 feet, or 28 per ~ent. PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 35 TABLE35.-Reportad p~odudionqfsyeamo~e lumber, 1917. [Computed total production in the United States, 32,WO,o00 ieet.1 united States ...... 904 Illinois...... 43 Ohio...... 109 Virginia...... 37 Mississippi...... 32 Lrmisians...... 14 AU other States (see Summary, p. 39) ...... :. 144 I Syoamore (Platanus oceidenmlis) is the only species cut as suoh; LODGEPOLE PINE. The output of lodgepole pine in 1917, amounting to 12,415,000 feet, was less than one-half of the quantity reported sawed the year before and was very much smaller than for any one of the last 10 years. The average value for lodgepole pine was $18.34, compared with $15.13 in 1916, an advance of 21 per cent. TABLE36 -Reported produetzon of lodgepole-pzne ' lumber, 1917. [Computed total production mthe United Slates, 12,JOO,WO feet ] 1 Lodgepale pine (Pinus mmrta) is theonls species cut as such. MINOR SPECIES. In Table 37 is shown the quantity reported sawed of a number of woods, both domestic and imported, which have more or less special uses and which are in themselves not important enough to be tabu- lated and discussed separately. The tabulation also indicates the average value reported and the States in which the several woods were sawed. The quantity of mahogany cut is nearly twice as much as that reported for the preceding year, while the cut of willow was five times larger in 191 7 than in 1916. 36 BULJXTIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUltE. TABLE37 -Reported production qflumber qfminor species, 1917 [Computed total produotlon m the United States, 56,117,Mfeet 1 Average States reporting. f~brmll. Louisiana Kentue- lo dim^ Illinois Ohio. Louisian< Mississip ~rkands,~ennk, nlinok,~ ~owa~kw~or~ kdiana wssour~. west Jirginia ~er$syivanih Tennessee, NOW ~ork. Xorth ~aroiina,Indiana, '~iehigdn Ohio, Ken- tuohq Virgida New Hampshire, Vgont, Wis eonyd, ~r~nr+&,conneotiout ~owslaos. Tennessee, Vlr ma North Carha, West Virginia, Kentu~ky0%" ha. Louisiana $era? hississippi Florida. ~cnnsylvhadest Vireinis' Arkamas Tenness Missouri, fiorth Carolina 'Vir~,,f Laui! aiana, Near York, Iliinois,'~ississs 1, lnd~na... Pecan...... 979,000 21. Ej Lor~siana,~~~sa$ Ni6.1isdsSimii o&%-, lilimis, Tennessee. Haokberry ...... 967,OW 17.26 ArLsnsns Tennessee Alab, Indians, Illinois, Missem$ Iowa, ~idsistip~i. Cueumber...... 21.87 West Virv Penns~lvma,New ZZo?k nuttornut ...... % 27.57 Inaim BS~virw wisormsin v~ginisNorth carol&, ~~asshuskttsVem'ant, ~ehtnohy. New York, Iowa, ~ennsiivania,Ohlo, Tennessee, Fohi8.n. Eu-1 tus 420 OM '33. W 1 Cabrona. ~~rnefi)...::::::::::::::: 29a2M 142.00 California. Red bay ...... 269'~ D.95 Georgia South Carolina. Spanish cedar...... 225: WO BS.27 Lolusiaha Kentuch-g, CPJifomia. A le mo WO I43.W New YO&. A~bk.:::::::::::::::::::l178:~ 16.14 Washington, Oregon. Box elder...... 163 wo n.a8 ~mthcarma, nlinois. Japanwe o8k...... i 183'M 167. M California. Horn beam ...... 54'M 29.63 Massachusetts New Hsmpshiic. persimmon ...... 3$,m 17.82 south ~ar.olin6 hriiaosas, ~eoraa,~ilinois, ~issis I sippi, M%ssa&. S-fm~ ...... 32 WO 17.28 Tennessee SouthCaroline, Arkmsas, ~oay...... ! n:wa %.a3 okiahod ~o~is-. I 1 Arbitrary value sssigped. PRODUCTION OF LATH. Lath production in the country as a whole responded to the lighter demand in 1917, incident to restricted building. The product has but one principal use, and anything that interferes with the utiliza- tion in the direct consuming channel results in a lessened output. Reports were received from 1,456 mills, which scheduled a total of 2,281,738,000 pieces, a decrease of 17 per cent from the year before. The output decreased in all of the States except Arkansas, Florida, and Texas. Table 38 shams the number of active mills reporting and the production of each for the last three years. PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1917. 37 Tan~a38.-Reported producthn of lath, 1915-1917, inclusive. dfa'%vemills Quantity rewrtsd (number of pieoos). --- 1917 1916 1915 United Stales...... ---1,456 1,770 1,m 2,211,738,WO L2,75(,661,030 2,745,134,OXI Uuisisna ...... 348 806 WO 854 551 WO 418 559 WO Washington...... 230'1d~0 W'@O'WO 389)996'~0 ximesot8 ...... ;...... 53 ~la'G42'000 267:788:WO 230'6dWO Wiseonsin ...... ll3 121 116 185:o?4:000 213,598,WO 179'193'000 Arhnas ...... 3t a0 4S 147,57%000 78,157,WO 87:185:* xaim . 106 139 122 la asam 8~1s112 172 3as.m Mississippi ...... 33 30 Zg 133:925:WO 162:689:m ln:oli:O30 Oregpn...... 32 46 23 132 418 WO 142 352 000 85 801 000 plmtda ...: ...... 27 21 23 97'~'000 85:lm:~0 89'8dooo Idaho 22 . 24 29 86:26dWO 117,265,MM 85:672:000 Xichigan 82 80 74 103,323,WO 124,543,000 TCUIS ...... 18 20 33% 42B8BWO 4069WO (ieorgia ...... 25 . 46 46'88dWO 49:316:WO 34:9&WO, IVeYDstVirgmla ...... 54 30 70 44'213'000 %@5WO 82,561:OXI rains Ivanis...... 153 187 1% ~:W:WO 6363:018:000 7o,m7,~0 se oti;or ststor (see summnry, p.39) ...... 604 753 708 296,889,WO 437,1s,WO SOg,ls,000 1 Carredions have causcd a reduotim from the @uresbrs7ionslg shown. . .. , . PRODUCTION OF SHINGLES. With building operations throughout the wuntry adversely affected in 1917 it was to be expected that the production of shingles woda decrease. The reported cut was 8,696,513,000 pieces, a decrea& of 7 per cent from the 1916 total manufacture. Washington, in which State are made 73 per cent of all the shingles reported cut, produced. 6 per cent lessthanin 1916. Oregon, Louisiana, and Wohigan totals are larger for 1917 than for the.preceding year. On the other hand, California's output was diminished by 25 per cent. Other details of production are given in Table 39, which shows the number of mills operating and the cut in each of the last three' years in the leaciing producing States. TABLE39.-Reported produdion of shinggles, 1915-1917, inelusiue. Number QmUty reported (number of pieces). repmtmw. / ... - ---1917 I916 1913 1917 1916 ' 1915 united Stator ...... ---1, 619 1,932 1,043 8,@6,513,000 '9,311,333, 000 8,459,378, W vashingtm 234 218 339 6,313,264,WO 6,739 388 WO 8,313 335 000 Or%- ...... 42 50 48 481 353 000 471'762'000 33d652'000 LOUA~J, ...... 55 68 45 453'819'000 404'263'000 386'610'WO if...... 41 52 . 25 26l243dWO 34~'622'000 2~'756'WO Mich$aa 69 69 63 W3:807:00(1 201:171:~0 250:649:WO Ibaine . 150 ZW 187 1BB,lOI,WO 1217 543 000 253 DO4 WO id...... 73 73 77 151 726 WO 175'455'000 122'@82'000 1 ...... 49 51 31 14d792'Wo 13l3795'W0 116'054'WO Geor-ia 116 1.18 111 112:430:~0 131:7$0W 69'308iWO ~ort$~&rolina...... 110 135 125 73,703,WO 123,%9,000 74:773:WO Texas 39 42 33 81 011 WO 32 749 000 22 245,WO A ...... 44 42 31 5'$92 I corrections heve caused a slight reduction from the figures previously shown. 38 BULLETIK 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. LUMBER VALUES. The average values for lumber shown in Table 40 were determined for ewh species from tlle individual reports from mills representing every variation incident to the logging, transportation, manufacture, and sale of lumber. More than one-half of the mills in reporting their cut furnished values at which sales were made f. o. b. mill. These reports were carefully scrutinized and the figures are un- doubtedly representative. The table shows the average value of the hfferent woods for specified years from 1899 to 1916 rtnd indicates the good, bad, and indifferent years of the lumber industry. The 1917 average value of $20.32 per 1000 feet established a record. It is 33 per cent higher th& the 1916 figure and 23 per cent higher than the 6gnre obtained for the profitable year of 1907. Every wood listed in the table shared in the advance, some to a much greater degree than others, as is revealed in the individual species tables. TABLE40 -Awerage value of lumber er thousand feet, b. m , by kinds of %od, for spen$e&ears, 1899-1917 All ijnds ...... --$20.32 $15.32 8oftv.&s: Yellow pine...... 19.00 14.33 Donglasfir ...... 16.28 10.18 White pine...... 24.81 19.16 Be!3llmk ...... 20.78 15.35 8NOB...... 24.41 17.58 -tam yellow pino ...... 19.59 14.52 Cyfess 11.92 20.85 Re wood ...... 21. W 13.93 cedar...... 19.40 15.24 Urch t8mLUBCk) ...... 16.21 12.49 White& ...... 17.16 12.25 Su ar pine ...... 24.69 16.77 ~a&amfi ...... 20.02 16.49 Lodgepole pine...... 18.34 15.13 Hardwwds: Oak ...... 24.49 20.06 Maple ...... 23.16 18.24 aum red and sap ...... 18.56 14.64 chestnut...... 21.54 17.05 Yellow poplar...... 27.17 21.89 Bird...... 24.07 19.59 Bee& ...... 19.55 16.20 B~SSWOO~...... 25.96 21.05 Elm ...... 23.89 19.46 Ash ...... 30.01 11.85 Cottonwood...... 23.19 17.42 Tupelo...... 18. W 13.W EiekOw ...... 29.48 93.84 Walnut ...... 12.69 42.38 Sycnmore...... 18.88 14.61 I PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AXD SHINGLES IN 1317. 39 DETAILED SUMMARY. I In Table 41 are summarized the data presented in the individual spe&es tables, showing, by States, the number of active sawmills I reporting and their cut of each wood, and in addition the production 1 of lath and shingles for 1917. TABLE41.-Active sawmills (cutting 50,000 feet and over) reporDin , and reported produc- tion ofeach kind of1umber and gf lath andshingles, by $tam, 1917. 8 SOFTWOODS. 1 -- Number of Am te State. active milis softwdaod Y~UOWpine. ~ouglasfir. reporting. hardwoods. %*&yf" Feet B. Y Feet B. M. RPE 3. M. Feat B. M. unitad states...... 16.420 82,1~2,811,000 n, ~10,008,000 12,181,410.000 5,351.025,000 Alabama...... -.. ..--. 772 1,408,618,WO 1,2810b3000 1,28S,M)4,033 ...... hns...... -. 22 79022000 ?i022:000 ...... 510 000 A~~~~S...... 674 I sg1'9sz'm i 000 285 003 au.ne.033 ...... :... Califomis aod em...... 168 1:417:068:WO 1~416:141:003 ...... 156 083 wo coiorado...... -- ~w 71.312,~0 71,164,003 .... :...... 3:75e:m Connecticut ...... 135 61,236,000 14,531,003 403,003 ...... ,. Delaware...... -...-... 35 8,409,OW 6,345,003 6,303000 ...... :.... Florida...... 212 1,127.359.003 1.113194000 946,096:000 ...... Oeorg!a...... 613 671,628,000 sa0: 756: 000 547,870,003 ...... Ida0...... 181 749,764,000 749,155,033 ...... 66.B63.WO IilimS...... 114 42 182 000 1,437,000 ...... Indim...... 438 218:71$033 115. WO 10,033 ...... Iowa...... 65 13,143,000 14,OW ...... Kansas...... 4 4.W,000 ...... K~ntueky...... 579 319,~3,000 30,n0,~0 u.875.003 ...... :.. Louisiana'...... 335 3,861.880.000 3,482,287,WO 2.982.638.003 ...... Maine...... 530 7OS.Ol4.000 671,141,000 668.000 ...... Mwland...... : 184 61,720,000 27 597 WO 23,388,033 ...... Mass&DhuSBttS...... 243 138,223,000 107:818:000 4,424,033 ...... Miohigan ...... 301 875,646,WO 410,458,000 ...... MiDllWh...... 188 899 476 000 872 679.000 ...... l.Ussissipp>...... 671 2,221:010:003 1.881:455,~0 1,814,828,000 ...... Ififissoud...... 357 2S7 712 000 58.382,W 31,118,000 ...... Montaw ...... 122 anfadow 347 am 003 ...... ss,~m,wa ~ewHampsm ...... 263 2~3:6u:m 236:878:~0 m,wo ...... ,...... New Jersey...... 92 21117000 6.474.000 6,mO,000 ...... New Mexioo...... 56 88:625:WO 88,625,033 ...... 4,581,000 New York ...... I... 1 172 335 016 000 171 474 OW 401.033 ...... 1:482 1,316:307:003 1.068:630:003 940,872,000 ...... NorthCarolina ...... Ohio..: ...... 511 232,349,003 1.587, OW 108,000 ...... 013ahoma...... 96 226 711.000 188,241.OW 186,677,000 ...... Oregon...... 408 2,435;788,000 2.480.036,WO ...... 1,759.044.000 P-ylrsllfa...... 851 501,359,000 270,742.WO 2,251,003 ...... Rhode Island...... 20 10 670 000 3 964 000 ...... South Carolins...... 412 672:852:0 617:355:000 558,191,000 ...... Sonth Dakota...... 25 29.045,WO .29045003 ...... TenDsSBB...... 815 582 03 000 111'055'000 55,550,033 ...... Teras...... 288 1,592:119:W 1,5~~801:003 1.520.288.000 ...... Utah...... 59 8,567,033 8,431,033 ...... 487,000 Vermont ...... 514 157,258,003 90.019.003 ...... Virg$ia ...... I. la 942,879,000 648,687,000 588.281.OW ...... WishmCton...... 438 4,304,449,003 303,814,000 ...... 3.320,044,003 IVest Virginia ...... 430 810.458, 000 2W,746,008 2,329,wO ...... wisoonsin...... 398 1.27;,089.000 759.687.003 ...... IVyomiog ...... 51 4,932,000 7.'&31,003 ...... 1,241,000 40 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMEXT OF A@RICULTURE. TABLE41.-Active sawmills (cutting50,OOO feetandower) re ortkg, andre tdplodzrc- Aim of each bind ofit~mberand ojlath and shingles, by &ales, lgl7&nued, , ., SOFTWOOD&Cmtint&ed. .. . . State. Feet B. M. Feet B. Ftct B,.,V. net B. M. Feel B. M. FtB. di. United States ... 2,050,380,OW 11,~8,217,000I, 885,282, W0 j978.261,000 917,445,OW 487,468,000 ' I__ Ahbnma...... 10,WO ...... 3,W,000 ...... Ariurna...... '- 78,107,000 405.000 ...... :.. .. I::::: *.k ...... !I...... I::::: 43,969.m ...... Cslifomiaand Nevadd.'...... 3,379.W .- 478,5&5,Wo 20.619,OW ...... 487,468,W Coiorado...... '...... 35,328,WO 22,836,OW ...... Connecticut ...... 10.043,OW 4,061.WO ...... 5,WO ...... Debware...... ;.,:...... %,m ...... Florida ...... 166,857,000 ...... Georgia...... 1,575,000 ...... 51,219.m ...... Id& ...... 19,171,WO ...... Illinois...... i;...... 1,437,wo ...... Indians...... l.m...... 1.: ...... Iowa ...... 14.0~...... :. Krnns...... :...... 1Centucky...... 2,121,WO 13.489,OW ...... n,WO 442,000 I..:::::::::: ...... Ue...... 256,014,WO 66,583,WO ...... Mamiand ...... 288,WO 3,836,WO ...... 80,000 ...... 3d~hhusetts...... 90,797, WO 10.201.WO 2,264,W ...... %ichiw...... 47,571,WO 327,61l,W X~esots...... Dbissouri ...... Xontana ...... New &mpshue...... 171,547,WO 26, 059,OW ...... New Jersey...... 5l.W NewMsaieo...... New York...... 57.924.m 84,193.WO ...... NorthCnrolma ...... m,IW,W 36.6R9.WO ...... Ohio...... 558.W 918,W ...... )...... Oklahoma ...... 1,564,WO ...... OmgOn...... 1,WO WO 49,479.W 469 4G8 WO 120,647,WO ...... Pmmsy1~ania...... 25.756:~ 242,628 ,WO::::.:...: .... / 1W,WO ...... RhodaIslaod...... 3.951,WO 10,W ...... I ...... 8outhWoiin~...... 59,107,a30 I 1:::::::::::: South Dekota...... ' 29,045, WO ...... :...... Tamassee...... 6,617,W 31,182,WX 1...... 1 ...... 10,Ma,WI :: ...::::::: 1-...... , ...... 515,WO ...... Utah...... ~::::::::::::::j:: 4.448,WO i 2,Zm.m ...... V-ont ...... 18,854.m 18,192,WO 1 ...... 48,630, WO ...... 1...... '7- ...... 9,144,WO 32,W,W1 ...... 1,750,W 9,539.031 ...... wsshingm...... ~B,W,WO 317,2@,~0 a17,353,~0 IQ~,~I,WO...... West Virginia ...... 8 461 WO 134 OBO WO 1...... 68,895,WO ...... I ...... Wismin...... 160:630:OW 563:646:WO ...... 7,852,WO ...... 1...... Wyoming...... ,...... 3,678,000 1,084,m ...... I ...... I PRODUCTION OF LUSCBER, LATH, ASD SHISGLES IX 1917. 41 TABLE41 -Actwe sawdlls (euttCfy50,000 feet and ouer) ,eporting, and re~wtqdpro& tion ofeaeh kindof lumber andof lath and shingles, by Stabs, 1911- ontmued. Stete. Id&. Cedar. White Br. Sugar pine Babarn fir. L$gple Feet B. M. Fee2 B. M. Feet B. M. Pet B. M. Feet 3. M. Fei B. M. United State ...... 335,640.W 253,005,m 213,427.0 132,568,WQ 75,491.0 12.415,W Al&bEma...... 1,w,m .: ...... Arizona...... Arkanse.$ ...... 10,OW ...... ~aliiorniasad Nevada...... 21,310.WO 120,65l,W0 127,951,W ...... 75,~ colorado ...... 1.511,WO ...... ?,Bz,Mo Conneotieut...... 19, WO ...... Delaware...... I...... 17,OW ...... ;...... Florida...... x1,m ...... oeorgi* ...... 12,m ...... Idaho ...... 99.910.W 15,319,WO 37.415,WO...... 898,W Illinois ...... Indiana ...... 4.W 100,WO ...... Iowa...... Kansas ...... 1::::::::::::: ::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: KsntUOky 3n.m ...... ~ouiriana...... 1...... I...... : ...... Maine...... 217,WO 6.821,WO ...... ;...... 42,889,W0 ...... *land..; ...... B,WO ...... Massaohusetts ...... 15.m 157.0 ...... BO.0 ...... ' Miohigsn ...... 14,680.W 5,954,WO ...... 7.899.m ...... Mimesota ...... 18,217.WO 288,Wo ...... : ...... 11,234,WO ...... Mississippi.. Mi SIYI...... Montsna ...... 988. W New Bampshim ...... New Jersey...... 5,W 398.W ...... ;..... Nm Msxieo ...... N6wb...... 3%5.W/ ...... 824,Wl ...... NorthCamlina...... 1 7.462,05S2,ml // Obi0 ...... 2.m ...... :... om- ...... Owrm...... 42,088.W 19,847,WO 4,517.WO ...... Il3,MO PenoSYl~...... 7,m ...... ;...... Rhodersland...... 3,m ...... 8outhCarolina...... 52,WO ...... :...... South Dakota...... Tennesw...... 7,713.0 ...... TBXBS...... Utah ...... '...... 501,WO ...... 702,W Vermont...... 42.W / 43,000 ...... 4,223,WO ...... virginik...... 1. 150,W ...... Wisconsin ...... i:::::::::::5,884.W ...... Wyoming ll0,WO ...... 1,318,W ! I-.-.-.-----' 42 BULLETIN 768, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. T~~~~41.-Aetivesawmi1s(~tting50,000 feet andover) repwting, and re ortedproduc tion of each kind of lumber andoj"lath and shingles, by States, 1917-tontinued. - HARDWOODS. State. oak.# Maple. %?;$ Birch. Cheatnut. I FFcB.M, FcctB.M. FddB.dl. FedB.M. FeetB.X, PLetBM. United Ststas...... 5,W,903,033 1,967,694,033 802,088,033 730,062,N0 357,ZS.WO 3E2,6&,WO Alabama...... 118,552,033 38,353,033 334,033 26,147,003 118,033 357,WO Arizona...... Arbma4 .... 591,657,m 235,761,033 7,878,033 230,%4,WO 1,033 ...... w0"lia.. ...-...... 9n,m 44 am ...... Coloredo...... 148,033...... I...... Virpinis...... 294,181WO 168725033 8,443,033 q165,WO 1,084,am 42,073,WO Washingtqn,...... 635'033. ... .!. ..i.. . 125 Om ...... west vanme...... 596,712:WO 242 415 om 67 471'033 I 768 wo 18,9M,WO 1W,410,033 wisoonsin ...... 511,372 m 12:761:033 154:570:033 ..... I...'...~,w,wuI .... wyom6q...... 1: am 1,033 I ...... ALASKA LUMBER PRODUCTION. Figures are presented herewith covering the cut of lumber, by species, in Alaska in 1917. Production data for this Territory have not heretofore been compiled. Table 42, at the bottom of page 43, shows the quantity of each kind of wood sawed, the number of mills cutting each species, the number of mills cutting, and the production by classes, and the average value per thousand feet of each species. PRODUCTION OF LUMBER, LATH, AND SHINGLES IN 1911. 43 TABLE41.-Active sawmil7.s (cutting 50,000feet and over T~POT~~W,and reaorted produc- tion of each kind of lumber and of lath and shingles, b y States, 1917-Continued. HARDWOODS-ContinUed. cutting, quantity of lumber cut by specks and by classes of average value of lumber in Alaska, 1917. Number of milk CIS 4: class B: ~lasn2: ass 1: speoies cutting Totalout. *qzuY Numk of Number or Number of Number of eeoh pe[&Fmills, 3, milk, 2. milk, 4. milk, 21. ---speoies. Fed B. M. 3edB.M. Pcc1B.M. I.dB.d*: 3dB.M. Tots1...... --- 33,150,WO 121.19 20,540,WO 5,m.WO 2,SW,WO 4,820,OW Spec...... 3031773OW 21.23 19,473WO 5,WOWO ZSMWO emlock...... 6 l:ll7'~0 18.01 842:~ 160: WO... :...: .... 483E Cedar ...... 6 260:~ 21.76 125,WO 50,WO: ...... Yellow cypress...... 1 10,WO 50.W ...... Eg 44 BULLETIN i68, U. S. DEPbRTJIENT OF AGRICULTURE. TABLE41.-Active sai~naills(cutting50,000 feet andoom) veporting, and~eportedy/rodue- tionojeueh kindof lumber and oj lath and shingles, by States, 1.917-Continued. HARDWOODS-Continood, State. ! Hickorp. Willnut. Sycamore. / 2%;.I Lati,. I Shingles. United States ...-.. Arizona Arkas California ...... Connecticut...... I 746,~ II,WO 2,- I,WO Delaw-e ...... I U).WOI...... I Floride .' A Gal...... ,; MKI: Goorgia ...... 1,317,WO 35,m 275,~ 1w:m Idaho...... Illinois ...... 1 6s WO 2 269 030 I 501 wo 578 m Indiana...... 7:zlr:~ 7;872:WO 3:9&m Z,E~:WO Iowa ...... 101,WO 3, 719,- .... Ransas...... 39 000 4 010 OW 32m000 ...... 48,WO) Kentucky...... -.--.----6,Ca:WO 8:112:050 l,iS+$m 7,811,,~0].'-- ~ouisiane...... -.-.-.. 3,848, -I...... 348 453 819 000 142:lS:~o 166: l01'~ Mqlend ...... mow 7.51:~ Irrarrchmrttr ...... 593:~ 533WO Nichigan...... 84,3j2;000 203,wi:~ Ibiesota...... 213 WZ MO 1 418 wo ...... U3:925:~ 39:2bl:m 5 483 rn 2 3~2OM n:mz:m 3:2;1s:m ...... 10,W 8,865,~~ 1,731,~0 NewTersey ...... 4m~0 NEW?deli00 ...... iww New Y~rk...... 740,024 9:~;~1:~;~ NorthCarolina...... 2 393 Om %%'El I,;$g$E -8'3022W0 Ohio ...... C:Z?O;WO 6,m:W0 1,4a:m 211,WO 3:w4:~0 13,im15: WOa0 Oklahoma...... Rhode Island...... South Carolina...... South Dakota.. Tennes3w...... 'Texas ...... V~rmont...... - ...... virginis.. .l...... 2,337,WI M,WO 1,3M,WO 928 m 30 244 wo 9,ooo,~ Waahinpton...... 140: m ~O'I~'~6,313,864 (a0 wiseominkt-w ...... g,mWO 4,4wm a.w l5,WO 70,WO ...... 1~,074,wxl44:m:j 151,726 000 wyoming ...... ,...... ,.. . !nlWO( U),m 65: m I 0