DOCSLIB.ORG

Conference 17 11 February 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conference 17 11 February 2009 The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology Conference Coordinator: Todd M. Bell, DVM WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2008-2009 Conference 17 11 February 2009 Conference Moderator: Dr. Fabio Del Piero, DVM, DACVP material as well as clusters of erythrocytes (Fig. 1-1). The CASE I – S0 10582 (AFIP 3113965) neoplastic cells have indistinct cell borders, large amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm, one oval to elongated nucleus with rounded poles and finely granular heterochromatin Signalment: 20-year-old, gelding, Arabian horse and 1-2 small basophilic nucleoli. The cells have moderate (Equus caballus) anisokaryosis with rare mitotic figures per HPF (40X). There are scattered hemosiderin laden macrophages History: A cecal mass was submitted for within the mass. There are multifocal areas of chronic histopathology. hemorrhages with aggregations of siderophages present in the capsule. Gross Pathology: The submitted tissue was an approximately 4x5x4 cm round, firm, nodular, dark gray, Immunohistochemistry was performed. The submitted well encapsulated mass with intact surface mucosa. On mass was strongly positive for vimentin and c-kit and cut section the mass was distinct from the mucosa, white- slightly positive for NSE. It did not stain with desmin, tan and multilobulated. smooth muscle actin and S100. Unfortunately, no history was submitted with this mass to know the reason for Laboratory Results: None removal. Histopathologic Description: The mass is a well Contributor’s Morphologic Diagnosis: Cecum: demarcated, encapsulated, multilobulated, expansile Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with peripheral hemorrhage mass located from deep tunica muscularis to the serosa and siderophages compressing the adjacent tissues and muscle layers. The mass is composed of multiple large lobules separated Contributor’s Comment: Equine gastrointestinal by a thick dense fibrous connective tissue. The mass is stromal tumors are unique, benign mesenchymal tumors made of a large number of spindle shaped cells arranged often found in the cecum of horses. They are detected in interconnected and branching trabeculae separated by at surgery, meat inspection or necropsy and may occur sinuses filled with large amount of basophilic mucinous in stomach, small intestine and most commonly in the *Sponsored by the American Veterinary Medical Association, the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, and the C. L. Davis Foundation. WSC 2008-2009 Conference 17 1-1. Large intestine, horse. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Neoplastic cells are separated by myxomatous matrix with scattered hemorrhage and few hemosiderin- laden macrophages. (HE 400X) cecum (as in this case) and colon.1 These tumors are medicine, and thus criteria for malignancy have not yet different from leiomyomas although they have common been solidified. In humans, larger size and greater mitotic features. Grossly, these tumors are distinct and form activity point to malignancy and a poor prognosis, but exophytic multinodular masses on the serosal surface or future studies will be needed to determine their behavior transmurally. Histologically, they are usually composed in domestic animals.1 of interlacing fascicles with multiple sinuses filled with mucinous materials stained by alcian blue. There are often Contributing Institution: CAHFS – UC Davis; hemorrhagic and may have myxomatous islands within www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu their parenchyma.3 Immunohistochemically, they are positive for c-kit protein (CD117), vimentin and neuron References: specific enolase and mildly for smooth muscle actin.4 1. Brown C., Baker D.C, Barker I: Alimentary system. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic AFIP Diagnosis: Cecum: Gastrointestinal stromal Animals. 5th ed., pp. 127-128. Mosby Saunders, tumor, myxoid Philadelphia, PA, 2007 2. Cooper BJ, Valentine BA: Tumors of muscle. In: Conference Comment: Gastrointestinal stromal Tumors in Domestic Animals. ed Meuten DJ, 4th ed, pp. tumors (GISTs) have been reported in numerous domestic 328-333, Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, 2002 species and are thought to arise from the interstitial cells 3. Del Piero F, Summers BA, Credille KM, Cummings of Cajal, the precursors to the pacemaker cells in the JF, Mandelli G: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in intestinal wall.2 Histologically, these tumors closely Equidae. Vet Pathol 33:611, 1996 resemble leiomyosarcomas, and immunohistochemistry 4. Hafner S. Harman G. King T: Gastrointestinal stromal is needed to differentiate them. GISTs are normally tumors of equine cecum. Vet Pathol 38:242-246, 2001 composed of spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles or in a whirling pattern. Another less common pattern is the myxoid pattern characterized by epithelioid cells arranged in trabeculae or sheets within a myxoid matrix.1 These tumors are a recently recognized entity in veterinary WSC 2008-2009 Conference 17 (Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia), and alveolar lumens contain a mixture of sloughed epithelial cells, intact and CASE II – 23279-08 (AFIP 3103695) degenerate neutrophils, large foamy macrophages, and few multinucleated giant cells. Rare macrophages contain Signalment: 10-year-old female equine Thoroughbred large, brightly eosinophilic, round, intranuclear inclusion (Equus caballus) bodies that peripheralize nuclear chromatin and are occasionally surrounded by a clear halo (Fig. 2-2). History: The mare had signs of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) then developed pneumonia. Contributor’s Morphologic Diagnosis: Severe The mare responded to EPM therapy but had continuing multifocal nodular fibrosing interstitial pneumonia with weight loss and cachexia despite a variety of treatments for intranuclear inclusion bodies, Equus caballus; Equine pneumonia. The mare was euthanized due to continued multinodular pulmonary fibrosis loss of body condition. Etiology: Equine Herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) Gross Pathology: Significant changes were restricted to the lungs. Bilaterally, lung lobes were diffusely firm and Contributor’s Comment: Equine multinodular failed to collapse when the thoracic cavity was opened. pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) is a distinct entity in the Throughout the pulmonary parenchyma were multifocal category of equine chronic pulmonary disease. It is to coalescing firm, light pink, irregularly round nodules differentiated from other fibrosing inflammatory diseases, that varied in size from 1cm to large confluent masses. such as recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) or chronic The nodules were separated by normal appearing tissue. pneumonia, by the nodular pattern of fibrosis. This When sectioned, the masses had a firm fibrous texture and disease may have been previously reported under the bulged slightly on cut surface. names “idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis” or “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.” Laboratory Results: None EMPF is most common in middle-aged horses. Horses Histopathologic Description: Sections of lung are with this disease present with non-specific signs of characterized by multifocal areas of pulmonary fibrosis respiratory disease including cough, fever, weight and inflammation bordered by more normal appearing loss, tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, and nasal lung tissue. Alveolar septa are moderately to severely discharge. Treatment with antibiotics may result in short- expanded by well organized mature collagen (Fig. term improvement, but symptoms recur after treatment 2-1). Alveoli are often lined by plump cuboidal cells is discontinued. Pulmonary nodules can be visualized 2-1. Lung, horse. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. 2-1. Lung, horse. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. Abundant septal fibrosis, moderate type II pneumocyte Abundant septal fibrosis, moderate type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, numerous lymphocytes, histiocytes, and hyperplasia, numerous lymphocytes, histiocytes, and neutrophils, with scattered multinucleated giant cells. (HE neutrophils, with scattered multinucleated giant cells. (HE 400X) 400X) WSC 2008-2009 Conference 17 with ultrasonography and/or radiography. Rule outs study by Bell identified EHV-5 in 64% of young racehorse include neoplasia, fungal pneumonia, and granulomatous nasal swabs, while a study performed by Wang identified pneumonia, which may also result in a nodular pattern. the virus in 48% of 5-9 month old Thoroughbred foals. Treatment of choice includes long-term (at least 6 weeks) administration of corticosteroids. Prognosis for the disease Intranuclear inclusion bodies are not a common feature in is considered fair to poor. Many horses are euthanized due gammaherpes infections but may be observed in California to continued respiratory complications and poor athletic sea lions infected with genital carcinoma caused by performance. gammaherpes virus. Murine herpesvirus-68 is a gamma herpesvirus associated with experimental fibrotic lung Lung tissue from this horse was positive via polymerase disease in mice. chain reaction (PCR) for EHV-5. EHV-5 is a DNA gammaherpes virus that has only recently been associated AFIP Diagnosis: Lung: Fibrosis, interstitial, nodular, with this disease entity. The pathogenesis of EHV-5 in this multifocal, severe with neutrophilic and histiocytic disease has not been fully elucidated but may contribute to alveolitis, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and rare a “pro-fibrotic” lung environment via a Th-2 lymphocyte intrahistiocytic eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions inflammatory response. PCR can be performed on bronchoalveolar lavage samples or lung tissue. Unlike Conference
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cyprinus Carpio
    Académie Universitaire Wallonie - Europe Université de Liège Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires Service d’Immunologie et de Vaccinologie Etude des portes d’entrée de l’Herpèsvirus cyprin 3 chez Cyprinus carpio Study of the portals of entry of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in Cyprinus carpio Guillaume FOURNIER Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Vétérinaires Année académique 2011-2012 Académie Universitaire Wallonie - Europe Université de Liège Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires Service d’Immunologie et de Vaccinologie Etude des portes d’entrée de l’Herpèsvirus cyprin 3 chez Cyprinus carpio Study of the portals of entry of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in Cyprinus carpio Promoteur : Prof. Alain Vanderplasschen Guillaume FOURNIER Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Vétérinaires Année académique 2011-2012 « La science progresse en indiquant l'immensité de l'ignoré. » Louis Pauwels Remerciements Liège, le 15 février 2012 L’accomplissement d’une thèse est un long et palpitant voyage en océan où se mélangent la curiosité, le doute, la persévérance, et la confiance… en soi bien sûr, mais surtout envers toutes les personnes qui, par leurs conseils, leur aide, leur soutien m’ont permis de mener cette thèse à bien. Je tiens ici à remercier mes collègues, amis et famille qui ont été tantôt les phares, tantôt les boussoles, toujours les fidèles compagnons de cette aventure. Je commencerais par adresser mes plus sincères remerciements à mon promoteur, le Professeur Alain Vanderplasschen, qui m’avait déjà remarqué en amphithéâtre pour ma curiosité, à moins que ce ne soit pour mon irrésistible coiffure..
    [Show full text]
  • Method for Detecting Antibody Against BDV (Borna Disease Virus) for Detecting a BDV Infection
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001460426A1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 460 426 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.7: G01N 33/569 22.09.2004 Bulletin 2004/39 (21) Application number: 04006699.5 (22) Date of filing: 19.03.2004 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR • Yamaguchi, Kazunari, HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR Nat.Inst.Infectious Diseases Designated Extension States: Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011 (JP) AL LT LV MK • Horii, Yoichiro, Faculty of Agriculture Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-2192 (JP) (30) Priority: 20.03.2003 JP 2003078898 • Takahama, Yoichi, Sysmex Corporation 26.03.2003 JP 2003086490 Kobe-shi, Hyogo 651-0073 (JP) 26.03.2003 JP 2003086491 • Nagai, Shinya, Sysmex Corporation Kobe-shi, Hyogo 651-0073 (JP) (71) Applicant: Sysmex Corporation Kobe-shi, Hyogo 651-0073 (JP) (74) Representative: HOFFMANN - EITLE Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Arabellastrasse 4 81925 München (DE) (54) Method for detecting antibody against BDV (Borna disease virus) for detecting a BDV infection (57) With respect to immunoglobulins that are performing the examination of an antibody to Borna dis- raised against an exogenous antigen, when the class ease virus (may be referred to as "BDV") as an example switching from IgM to IgG necessitates a long period of of such an exogenous antigen in a more accurate man- time, detect of IgM antibody alone, or concurrent detect ner, and a method for detecting anti-BDV antibody in of the IgM antibodies and IgG antibodies to the exoge- which such a polypeptide is used are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Genesig Advanced
    Primerdesign TM Ltd Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Pol gene for DNA polymerase genesig® Advanced Kit 150 tests For general laboratory and research use only Quantification of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 genomes. 1 genesig Advanced kit handbook HB10.03.11 Published Date: 09/11/2018 Introduction to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease in common (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and Koi carp (Cyprnius carpio koi). It was discovered in the late 1990s and has rapidly spread worldwide among cultured common carp and ornamental koi. Previously known as koi herpesvirus, it has caused severe economic losses in the global carp industry with its spread being attributed to international trade. The virus is a member of the order Herepesvirales and family Alloherpesviridae. It has a linear, double stranded genome of approximately 295 kb in length consisting of a large central portion flanked by two 22 kb repeat regions. The genome encodes 156 open reading frames (ORFs) including 8 ORFs encoded by the repeat regions. The genome is packaged in an icosahedral capsid that is contained within viral glycoproteins and then a host derived lipid envelope, giving an overall virion of 170-200nm in diameter. At present, common and koi carp are the only species known to be affected by the virus. The viral particles are transmitted through faeces, sloughing of mucous and inflammatory cells, and secretions that are released into the water. The skin pores are the main source of entry and site of replication but the disease also spreads to the organs, particularly the kidneys. The viral particles are further spread when the carp come into contact with each other during grazing, spawning or when uninfected fish pick at the skin lesions of dead infected fish.
    [Show full text]
  • View • Inclusion in Pubmed and All Major Indexing Services • Maximum Visibility for Your Research
    Monaghan et al. Vet Res (2016) 47:8 DOI 10.1186/s13567-015-0297-6 Veterinary Research RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Expression of immunogenic structural proteins of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in vitro assessed using immunofluorescence Sean J. Monaghan1* , Kim D. Thompson1,2, James E. Bron1, Sven M. Bergmann3, Tae S. Jung4, Takashi Aoki5, K. Fiona Muir1, Malte Dauber3, Sven Reiche3, Diana Chee1,6, Shin M. Chong6, Jing Chen7 and Alexandra Adams1 Abstract Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also called koi herpesvirus (KHV), is the aetiological agent of a fatal disease in carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio L.), referred to as koi herpesvirus disease. The virus contains at least 40 structural proteins, of which few have been characterised with respect to their immunogenicity. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) using two epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to examine the expression kinetics of two potentially immunogenic and diagnostically relevant viral antigens, an envelope glycoprotein and a capsid-associated protein. The rate of expression of these antigens was determined following a time-course of infection in two CyHV-3 susceptible cell lines. The results were quantified using an IFA, performed in microtitre plates, and image analysis was used to analyse confocal micrographs, enabling measurement of differential virus-associated fluorescence and nucleus-associated fluorescence from stacks of captured scans. An 8-tenfold increase in capsid-associated protein expression was observed during the first 5 days post-infection compared to a 2-fold increase in glycoprotein expres- sion. A dominant protein of ~100 kDa reacted with the capsid-associated MAb≤ (20F10) in western blot analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • "Fischgesundheit Und Fischerei Im Wandel Der Zeit"
    Fischgesundheit und Fischerei im Wandel der Zeit Tagungsband XV. Gemeinschaftstagung der Deutschen, Österreichischen und Schweizer Sektionen der European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP) Starnberg, 8. – 10. Oktober 2014 Die Tagung wurde in wesentlichen Teilen finanziert vom Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (StMELF) aus der Fischereiabgabe Bayerns Weitere Unterstützung erfolgte durch: ― Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit ― Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Institut für Fischerei ― MSD Tiergesundheit, Intervet Deutschland GmbH ― Zentralverband Zoologischer Fachbetriebe (ZZF) und Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft Zoolo- gischer Fachbetriebe GmbH (WZF) ― Familie Gerda und Hartmut Stachowitz ― Oswald Fürneisen ― Tetra GmbH, Melle ― BioMar Group Für die Erstellung des Tagungsbandes wurden die von den Autoren eingesandten Manu- skripte bzw. Zusammenfassungen verwendet. Für die Inhalte und Abbildungen sind die Autoren verantwortlich. Einige Beiträge wurden oder werden an anderer Stelle veröffent- licht. Im vorliegenden Tagungsband sind Zusammenfassungen dieser Beiträge veröffent- licht. Zitiervorschlag KLEINGELD, D. W., und WEDEKIND, H. (Hrsg.) (2015): Fischgesundheit und Fische- rei im Wandel der Zeit. XV. Gemeinschaftstagung der Deutschen, Österreichischen und Schweizer Sektion der European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP), 8. – 10. Okto- ber 2014 an der LfL in Starnberg. Impressum Herausgeber: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Vöttinger
    [Show full text]
  • Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD)1 Kathleen H
    VM-149 Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD)1 Kathleen H. Hartman, Roy P.E. Yanong, Deborah B. Pouder, B. Denise Petty, Ruth Francis-Floyd, Allen C. Riggs, and Thomas B. Waltzek2 Introduction Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) varieties (Hedrick et al. 2000, Haenen et al. 2004). Common carp is raised as a foodfish in many countries and has also been selectively bred for the ornamental fish industry where it is known as koi. The first recognized case of KHV occurred in the United Kingdom in 1996 (Haenen et al. 2004). Since then other cases have been confirmed in almost all countries that culture koi and/ or common carp with the exception of Australia (Hedrick et al. 2000; Haenen et al. 2004, Pokorova et al. 2005). This information sheet is intended to inform veterinarians, biologists, fish producers and hobbyists about KHV disease. What Is KHV? Figure 1. Koi with mottled gills and sunken eyes due to koi Koi herpesvirus (also known as Cyprinid herpesvirus 3; herpesvirus disease. Credit: Deborah B. Pouder, University of Florida CyHV3) is classified as a double-stranded DNA virus herpesvirus, based on virus morphology and genetics, and belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae (which includes is closely related to carp pox virus (Cyprinid herpesvirus fish herpesviruses). The work of Waltzek and colleagues 1; CyHV1) and goldfish hematopoietic necrosis virus (Waltzek et al. 2005, 2009) revealed that KHV is indeed a (Cyprinid herpesvirus 2; CyHV2). Koi herpesvirus disease has been diagnosed in koi and common carp (Hedrick 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Characterization of Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (Cyhv-3) Encoded Micrornas
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Identification and Characterization of Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) Encoded MicroRNAs Owen H. Donohoe1,2, Kathy Henshilwood1, Keith Way3, Roya Hakimjavadi2, David M. Stone3, Dermot Walls2* 1 Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland, 2 School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, 3 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, the United Kingdom a11111 * [email protected] Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional OPEN ACCESS gene regulation. Some viruses encode their own miRNAs and these are increasingly being Citation: Donohoe OH, Henshilwood K, Way K, recognized as important modulators of viral and host gene expression. Cyprinid herpesvirus Hakimjavadi R, Stone DM, Walls D (2015) 3 (CyHV-3) is a highly pathogenic agent that causes acute mass mortalities in carp (Cyprinus Identification and Characterization of Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) Encoded MicroRNAs. PLoS carpio carpio) and koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) worldwide. Here, bioinformatic analyses of the ONE 10(4): e0125434. doi:10.1371/journal. CyHV-3 genome suggested the presence of non-conserved precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) pone.0125434 genes. Deep sequencing of small RNA fractions prepared from in vitro CyHV-3 infections led Academic Editor: Sebastien Pfeffer, French National to the identification of potential miRNAs and miRNA–offset RNAs (moRNAs) derived from Center for Scientific Research - Institut de biologie some bioinformatically predicted pre-miRNAs. DNA microarray hybridization analysis, North- moléculaire et cellulaire, FRANCE ern blotting and stem-loop RT-qPCR were then used to definitively confirm that CyHV-3 Received: December 15, 2014 expresses two pre-miRNAs during infection in vitro.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of B Cells As a Major Site for Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Latency
    Identification of B Cells as a Major Site for Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Latency Reed, A. N., Izume, S., Dolan, B. P., LaPatra, S., Kent, M., Dong, J., & Jin, L. (2014). Identification of B Cells as a Major Site for Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Latency. Journal of Virology, 88(16), 9297-9309. doi:10.1128/JVI.00990-14 10.1128/JVI.00990-14 American Society for Microbiology Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Identification of B Cells as a Major Site for Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Latency Aimee N. Reed,a,b Satoko Izume,a Brian P. Dolan,a Scott LaPatra,c Michael Kent,a,b Jing Dong,a Ling Jina,b Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAa; Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAb; Research Division, Clear Springs Foods, Inc., Buhl, Idaho, USAc ABSTRACT Downloaded from Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), commonly known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is a member of the Alloherpesviridae, and is a recently discovered emerging herpesvirus that is highly pathogenic for koi and common carp. Our previous study demonstrated that CyHV-3 becomes latent in peripheral white blood cells (WBC). In this study, CyHV-3 latency was further investigated in IgM؉ WBC. The presence of the CyHV-3 genome in IgM؉ WBC was about 20-fold greater than in IgM؊ WBC. To determine whether CyHV-3 expressed genes during latency, transcription from all eight open reading frames (ORFs) in the terminal repeat -was investigated in IgM؉ WBC from koi with latent CyHV-3 infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Duck Viral Enteritis (Duck Plague) in North American Waterfowl
    DUCK VIRAL ENTERITIS (DUCK PLAGUE) IN NORTH AMERICAN WATERFOWL By Louis N. Locke,l Louis Leibovitz,2 Carlton M. Herman, 1 and John W. Walker3 Duck Viral Enteritis (DVE) was first recognized in North America in January 1967, when an outbreak occured in a commercial flock of white Pekin ducks in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York (Leibovitz & Hwang, 1968b). Originally described as a disease of domestic ducks in the Netherlands, DVE has since been reported from I ndia and Belgium. It is also believed to have occurred in China and France (Jansen, 1968). This paper briefly reviews the status of DVE among wild waterfowl in North America and describes some of the characteristic lesions associated with this disease. The paper also mentions some of the work which has been undertaken to learn more about the status of DVE in North America. DVE in wild waterfowl was diagnosed on February 1, 1967, from a dead mute swan (Cygnus a/or) submitted to the Long Island Duck Research Laboratory (Leibovitz & Hwang, 1968a). This swan had been found dead the previous day on a lagoon which bordered the Baker duck farms where the first outbreak occurred in Pekins in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. Additional cases of Duck Plague on Long Island have involved the mallard (Anas p/atyrhynchas), black duck (A. rubripes), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), greater scaup (Aythya marital, and bufflehead (Bucepha/a albea/a) (Leibovitz, 1968). Two outbreaks have occurred in muscovy ducks (Cairina Moschata), one of these in Suffolk County, and the other near Horseheads, Chemung County, New York (upstate), approximately 200 miles from the Long Island outbreaks.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of the Porcine Cytomegalovirus Major Capsid Protein Gene
    FULL PAPER Virology Identification of the Porcine Cytomegalovirus Major Capsid Protein Gene Vasantha RUPASINGHE1), Kiyoko IWATSUKI-HORIMOTO2), Shunji SUGII1) and Taisuke HORIMOTO2)* 1)Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuen, Sakai, Osaka 599–8531 and 2)Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4–6–1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan (Received 13 November 2000/Accepted 14 February 2001) ABSTRACT. A major capsid protein (MCP) gene homologue of porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) was identified. Sequence analysis indi- cated that the PCMV MCP gene is 4,026 nucleotides in length encoding a protein of 1,341 amino acid residues. The predicted molecular weight of the PCMV MCP is 151,456 Da, equivalent to those of other herpesvirus MCP counterparts. Phylogenetic analysis using her- pesviral MCP gene sequences confirmed that PCMV is a betaherpesvirus with higher homology with human herpesvirus-6 and -7 than human and mouse cytomegaloviruses. The serum of pig experimentally infected with PCMV did not react with bacterially expressed MCP, suggesting that the PCMV MCP may not be related to the humoral immune response in the course of PCMV infection. Also, we established polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols using primers corresponding to MCP gene sequences for detection of PCMV infection. The PCR protocol would be effective for the diagnosis of slow-growing PCMV infection, for which traditional methods involving virus-isolation are not useful. KEY WORDS: betaherpesvirus, major capsid protein, polymerase chain reaction, porcine cytomegalovirus. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(6): 609–618, 2001 Porcine cyomegalovirus (PCMV), first described in 1955 established a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for [6], usually induces a silent infection in adult pigs but often specific detection of PCMV infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Epidemiology of Porcine Cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in Sichuan Province, China: 2010–2012
    Molecular Epidemiology of Porcine Cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in Sichuan Province, China: 2010–2012 Xiao Liu1., Shan Liao1., Ling Zhu1., Zhiwen Xu1,2*, Yuancheng Zhou1 1 Animal Biotechnology Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’ an, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’ an, China Abstract Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is an immunosuppressive virus that mainly inhibits the immune function of the macrophage and T-cell lymphatic systems, and has caused huge economic losses to the porcine breeding industry. Molecular epidemiological investigation of PCMV is important for prevention and treatment, and this study is the first such investigation in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. A PCMV positive infection rate of 84.4% (865/1025) confirmed that PCMV is widely distributed in Sichuan Province. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the PCMV glycoprotein B gene (gB) nucleotide and amino acid sequences from 24 novel Sichuan isolates and 18 other PCMV gB sequences from Genbank. PCMV does not appear to have evolved into different serotypes, and two distinct sequence groups were identified (A and B). However, whether PCMV from this region has evolved into different genotypes requires further research. Analysis of the amino acid sequences confirmed the conservation of gB, but amino acid substitutions in the major epitope region have caused antigenic drift, which may have altered the immunogenicity of PCMV. Citation: Liu X, Liao S, Zhu L, Xu Z, Zhou Y (2013) Molecular Epidemiology of Porcine Cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in Sichuan Province, China: 2010–2012. PLoS ONE 8(6): e64648. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064648 Editor: Andrew R.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Structural Protein Porf 12 of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Is Recognized by the Immune System of the Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio
    Vol. 111: 269–273, 2014 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 16 doi: 10.3354/dao02793 Dis Aquat Org NOTE Non-structural protein pORF 12 of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 is recognized by the immune system of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Julia Kattlun, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble, Mansour El-Matbouli* Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria ABSTRACT: Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 is an important pathogen and the causative agent of koi herpesvirus disease, which has been associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp Cyprinus carpio. Currently, the only available commercial vaccine is an attenuated version of the virus. This has led to concerns about its risk to reversion to virulence. Furthermore, the vaccine is currently only available in Israel and the United States. In order to investigate the antigenic profile of the virus, western blot was performed using infected cell culture supernatant and sera from carp that had survived exposure to the virus. Only one antigen could be detected, and mass spec- trometry analysis identified the corresponding protein as ORF 12, a putative secreted tumour necrosis factor receptor homologue. In other herpesviruses, such proteins have been associated with the viral infectious process in a number of ways, including the entry into the host cell and the inhibition of apoptosis in infected cells. The reason why only one antigen could be detected during this study is unknown. KEY WORDS: Koi herpesvirus · Antigenic determinants · Western blot · Fish-acquired immunity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION against the virus: vaccination prevented any mortali- ties while the non-vaccinated control group suffered Cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-3) is a notifiable 95% mortality (Ronen et al.
    [Show full text]