DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health S Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health S. W. A. Gunn, Chief Editor P. B. Mansourian, Coordinating Editor A. M. Davies, Associate Editor A. Piel, Associate Editor B. McA. Sayers, Associate Editor Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health ^^^^'rx International Association for Humanitarian Medicine Brock Chisholm ^ Springer S. W. A. Gunn A. Piel International Association for Humanitarian World Health Organization Medicine Brock Chisholm Geneva, Switzerland La Panetiere, Bogis-Bossey 1279 Switzerland B. McA. Sayers Imperial College of Science, P. B. Mansourian Technology, and Medicine World Health Organization London, UK Geneva, Switzerland A. M. Davies Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel The International Association for Humanitarian Medicine Brock Chisholm (lAHM) is a professional, non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and delivers health care on the principles of humanitarian medicine, named after Dr. Brock Chisholm, first Director-General of the World Health Organization. In particular, it provides medical, surgical, nursing, and rehabilitation care to patients in or from developing countries deficient in the necessary specialized expertise; brings relief to victims of disasters where health aid is lacking; mobilizes hospitals and health specialists in developed countries to receive and treat such patients free of charge; promotes the concept of health as a human right and bridge to peace; and advocates humanitarian law and humanitarian principles in the practice of medicine. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health/[edited by] S. William A. Gunn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-387-24102-7 (hbk) — ISBN 0-387-24103-5 (eBook) 1. World health. 1. Gunn, S. William A. RA441.U42 2005 352.1—dc22 2004065388 ISBN-10: 0-387-24102-7 e-ISBN: 0-387-24103-5 Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN-13: 978-0387-24102-9 ©2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America 987654321 springeronline.com P1: MRM/SJS P2: MRM SVNY037-Gunn June 15, 2005 20:48 Foreword In today’s convulsively changing world, scientific advances, political mutations, profit maximizations, social interventions, and human interpretations are produc- ing new, and often confusing, perceptions of health and disease, to the extent that one wonders if such primary human aspirations as equity, well-being, and freedom from suffering are being forgotten. What are often forgotten are the fun- damental principles of the World Health Organization. As Milan Kundera has put it so poignantly, “The struggle against human suppression is the struggle between memory and forgetfulness.” In this context I believe that the many who over and over again tend to belittle WHO’s constitutional definition of health have forgotten its innate significance and continuing pertinence: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or in- firmity.” This definition is immediately followed by the following injunction: “The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion political belief, economic or social condition.” Let me also remind the forgetful about the link between the inspirational and practical in that the WHO Constitution in Article 1 states: “The objective of the World Health Organization shall be the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.” Perhaps a vision of ethics, of equity, of happiness and achievable well-being, that one of the authors of this book calls eudaemonia. I see startling patterns of inequities in the health scores throughout the world. I am not talking of the first or second or third or fourth world — I am talking about ONE WORLD — the only one we have got to share and care for. And I continue to support the resolve to provide levels of health that will allow ALL PEOPLE of this ONE WORLD to lead socially and economically productive lives. For I believe that health can truly form a leading edge for social justice, especially when we are deal- ing with situations where the basic issue is survival, where people are trapped — as millions indeed are — in the vicious circle of extreme poverty, ignorance, and v P1: MRM/SJS P2: MRM SVNY037-Gunn June 15, 2005 20:48 vi FOREWORD apathy. WHO’s morally binding international contract of Health for All and its integral strategy of Primary Health Care do, I believe, shift health control towards people’s own commitment and participation, implying profound social reforms in health, with much more social justice and community empowerment. Health may not be everything, but without health there is very little well-being. There have been many books and reports in recent years dealing with these and other global problems in health. This book selectively discusses, in the form of scholarly chapters, a few critical issues: the fundamental historical, political, and socio-economic aspects of health in the world at large; the different views about values, systems, and technologies; the dynamics of global health; how to face the human rights challenges; how to cope with epidemics and pandemics; how to interpret the changing age structures; how to remedy food and nutrition problems in most countries. All these, and challenging new analytical methods and tools that confront the scholar. These are personal, social, economic, scientific, and worldwide issues replete with controversy that this book confronts boldly from different — and sometimes heterodox and conflicting — perspectives. It provides valid and mature insights towards understanding much of the global dimensions of health. It is certainly worthwhile reading and digesting. Halfdan Mahler, MD Director General Emeritus, World Health Organization P1: MRM/SJS P2: MRM SVNY037-Gunn June 15, 2005 20:48 Contents Introduction ...................................................... xi SECTION I. FUNDAMENTALS 1 Chapter 1 • A Brief History of Advances Toward Health ............ 3 J. Last Chapter 2 • The Health, Poverty, and Development Merry-Go-Round: The Tribulations of WHO ......................................... 15 S. Litsios Chapter 3 • Old and New Pestilences .............................. 35 A. A. Arata Chapter 4 • Value Systems and Healthcare Ethics .................. 55 B. M. Dickens Chapter 5 • World Health: A Mobilizing Utopia? ................... 69 M. Manciaux T. M. Fliedner SECTION II. SYSTEMS 83 Chapter 6 • Health Policies versus Public Policies .................. 85 A. Wojtczak vii P1: MRM/SJS P2: MRM SVNY037-Gunn June 15, 2005 20:48 viii CONTENTS Chapter 7 • A Medicine Based on Evidence ........................ 103 J. Szczerban´ Chapter 8 • The Promise of Technology ........................... 121 P.B. Mansourian Chapter 9 • Critical Inquiries on Technology Utilization ............ 133 A. Kazanjian Chapter 10 • Therapeutic Patient Education for Chronic Diseases ... 147 J.-P.Assal SECTION III. THE DYNAMICS 157 Chapter 11 • The Humanitarian Imperative in Major Health Crises and Disasters ..................................................... 159 S. W. A. Gunn Chapter 12 • Dealing with Global Infectious Disease Emergencies ... 169 D. L. Heymann Chapter 13 • Knowledge-based Methodologies in the Health Sector . 183 B. McA. Sayers J. J. Angulo Chapter 14 • Food Safety—A Pressing Public Health and Economic Issue ............................................................. 199 F. K aferstein¨ Chapter 15 • Future Health in an Ageing World .................... 213 A. M. Davies SECTION IV. THE CONTROVERSIES 229 Chapter 16 • Disease and Health in the Cultural Context ........... 231 A. Jablensky Chapter 17 • Global Issues and Health Interactions: Reflexions from the South ......................................... 241 A.P.R. Aluwihare P1: MRM/SJS P2: MRM SVNY037-Gunn June 15, 2005 20:48 CONTENTS ix Chapter 18 • The Coming Storm: Health System Planning Versus Free Market Enterprise ............................................ 253 A. Piel Chapter 19 • Education, Understanding, and Eudaemonia: A Contrarian View on Global Health ............................... 267 G. W. Brauer Postscript: The Present and the Future of Global Health ............. 281 A. M. Davies The Contributors ................................................. 287 Index ............................................................ 293 P1: MRM/SJS P2: MRM SVNY037-Gunn June 15, 2005 20:48 Introduction Health and disease, at once humanity’s happiness and yoke, have marched with history and marked time with it. They have moulded and, it turn, have been influenced by the degree of social and intellectual development in any given space or time. Yet whatever the flux, humankind has constantly pursued disease
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CANDAU, Marcolino Gomes, Brazilian Physician and Second Director
    1 CANDAU, Marcolino Gomes, Brazilian physician and second Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) 1953-1973, was born 30 May 1911 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and died 23 January 1983 in Geneva, Switzerland. He was the son of Julio Candau and Augusta Gomes Pereira. On 30 May 1936 he married Ena de Carvalho, with whom he had two sons. After their divorce he married Sîtâ Reelfs in 1973. Source: www.who.int/features/history/1940_1959/en/index7.html Candau’s family was of French-Portuguese ancestry. Candau studied at the School of Medicine of the State of Rio de Janeiro, where he earned his living by tutoring his fellow students on anatomy, and completed his medical training in 1933. Shortly after finishing his studies he decided to work in public health and demonstrated administrative skills in his first job as head of a provincial health unit in São João Marcos. A state scholarship allowed him to take a special course in public health at the University of Brazil in 1936. He also worked in the city health departments of Santana de Japuiba and Nova Iguaçu. In 1938 he was promoted to Assistant Director-General of the Department of Health of the State of Rio de Janeiro and appointed assistant professor of hygiene at the School of Medicine. In the same year Fred L. Soper, representative of the Rio de Janeiro-based Rockefeller Foundation in Brazil, asked Candau to work under his direction in a major eradication campaign against a malaria outbreak produced by the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, which resulted in Candau’s fieldwork as a medical officer in the Northeast Malaria Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Ross Ellis Memorial Lecture Ross Ellis
    Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 19, ISSUE 3 Studies Ross Ellis Memorial Lecture Ross Ellis: A Canadian Temperate Hero Geoffrey Hayes Lieutenant-Colonel Ross Ellis was a remarkable soldier who led the Calgary Highlanders, and later his community and province with distinction. Ellis had those powerful but elusive qualities of a leader, defined by a British doctor in 1945: the technical knowledge to lead, but also the moral equipment to inspire.1 This article has two purposes. First it explores briefly what kind of man the wartime Canadian Army sought for its commissioned leadership. It then draws upon the correspondence between Ross Ellis and his wife Marjorie to see how one remarkable soldier negotiated his first weeks in battle in the summer of 1944. These letters reveal how, with Marjorie’s encouragement, Ross Ellis sustained his own morale and nurtured 1 Emanuel Miller, “Psychiatric Casualties Among Officers and Men from Normandy: Distribution of Aetiological Factors.” The Lancet 245, no. 6343 (March 1945): pp. 364–66. ©Centre of Military and Strategic Studies, 2019 ISSN : 1488-559X VOLUME 19, ISSUE 3 a leadership style that would become legendary within the Calgary Highlanders community. Like so many others, Ross Ellis practiced a kind of temperate heroism2 a reaction not only to the idealized, heroic vision of officership in the First World War, but also to British and especially German representations of wartime leadership. The First World War cast a wide shadow over Ross Ellis’ generation. And although much changed between the two wars, there were still remarkable similarities in the way in which soldiers understood and endured the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Qua~Er Thought and Life Today
    Qua~er Thought and Life Today VOLUME 10 JUNE 15, 1964 NUMBER 12 @uR period h"' dedded Painter of Peaceable Kingdoms for a secular world. That was by Walter Teller a great and much-needed deci­ sion . .. It gave consecration and holiness to our daily life and work. Yet it excluded those deep things for which UN Experiments in Peacekeeping religion stands: the feeling for by Robert H. Cory, Jr. the inexhaustible mystery of life, the grip of an ultimate meaning of existence, and the invincible power of an uncon­ A Fable for Friends drtional devotion. These things cannot be excluded. If by James J. Pinney we try to expel them in their divine images, they re-emerge in demonic images. - PAUL TILLICH What About Irish Friends? by Helen F. Campbell Civil DisobediJence: A Student View THIRTY CENTS $5.00 A YEAR Letter from England 266 · FRIENDS JOURNAL June 15, 1964 Civil Disobedience-A Student View FRIENDS JOURNAL (A report by Friends' Select School seniors) N three occasions early this spring, Friends' Select School 0 in Philadelphia was presented with the gentle challenge of George Lakey, secretary of the Friends' Peace Committee. A most effective speaker, he was immediately popular, even with those who radically disapproved of his viewpoint. He attempted an explanation and defense of nonviolent civil dis­ obedience, both as a social tactic and as an individual ethic, illustrating his talks with such profound examples as his own Published semimonthly, on the first and fifteenth of each recent experiences in Albany, Georgia. month, at 1515 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PennSYlvania 19102, by Friends Publishing Corporation (LO 3-7669).
    [Show full text]
  • Cholera in Egypt and the Origins of WHO, 1947
    CholeraCholera inin EgyptEgypt andand thethe OriginsOrigins ofof WHO,WHO, 19471947 Marcos Cueto Professor Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Part of a larger study on the history of WHO, Global Health Histories initiative, E. Fee, T. Brown et al. GeneralGeneral themetheme andand questions:questions: In 1947 the organizers of WHO planned to hold the 1st World Health Assembly within a few months but the process took longer and faced urgent problems such as a cholera outbreak Tension between the need to respond to emergencies and institution building processes How to combine relief with prevention? How to modernize quarantine regulations? How to work in a conflictive region and period? (Palestine refugees, the creation of Israel, the beginning of the Cold War) John Lennon “Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans” BackgroundBackground Between 1882-1920s part of the British Empire but never officially a colony In 1922 the UK unilaterally declared independence However, British influence continued (maintaining its control over the Suez canal) Occupied by the Germans during most of the WWII In the early 20th century an export economy: cotton In 1947 the total population of the country over 19 million British soldiers at the piramid of Giza, c. 1899 www.artehistoria.com H.M. Farouk I, King of Egypt and of Sudan. ruled Egypt between 1936 and 1952. Undermined by accusations of a lavish royal lifestyle in a poor country, corruption and pick-pocketing In 1945 Egypt became a member of the Arab League with headquarters in Cairo; against UN plan for partition of Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish state Egypt was defeated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War but maintained control of a strip of territory around Gaza A country on the threshold of a revolution A military coup in 1952, directed by Gamal A.
    [Show full text]
  • CHISHOLM, George Brock (Known As Brock), Canadian Deputy Minister
    1 CHISHOLM, George Brock (known as Brock), Canadian Deputy Minister of Health and first Director-General of the World Health Organization, 1948-1953, was born 18 May 1896 in Oakville, Ontario, and passed away 4 February 1971 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. He was the son of Frank Hubert Chisholm, Canadian militia officer, and Lizzie Annett McCraney. On 21 June 1924 he married Grace MacLean Ryrie. They had one daughter and one son. Source: www.who.int/entity/dg/emeriti/chisolm_sepia.jpg; no copyright information found Chisholm, the third of six children, was born into a family with strong ties to his hometown Oakville, founded by his great-great-grandfather in 1827, and to the military. One of his ancestors fought under Sir Isaac Brock, ‘the Hero of Upper Canada’, in the War of 1812 against the United States of America (US) and his father was a militia officer. Boys in the family wore the name Brock, and Chisholm inverted the order of his first names to go by Brock. The Chisholm family was prominent in the town but not rich; his father later ran a coal yard. His mother suffered from fragile health and the older daughter Faith took care of the children. The family was Presbyterian and observed religious service, but Chisholm took his distance to become anti-religious. When he was five, an uncle gave him a toy doctor’s set and from that point on it is said that Chisholm wanted to become a doctor (Irving 1998: 23). In 1915, when still a student at the Oakville High School, he volunteered for the Canadian Overseas Expeditionary Force created to fight in the First World War, thus keeping up with the family tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • WHA5 63 Eng.Pdf (‎1.239Mb)
    UNITED NATION'S NATIONS UNIES WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION MONDIALE ORGANIZATION DE LA SANTÉ FIFTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A5/65 * 19 May 1952 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH EXTENSION OF THE CONTRACT OF THE DIKECTfiR-GENERAL Draft resolution proposed by the delegations of - Afghanistan Indonesia Norway Austria Iraq Pakistan Brazil Iran Panama Burma Ireland ; i Peru .Cambñdia Israel Philippines Canada Japan'. Saudi Arabia Ceylon Jordan Sweden Chile Korea Switzerland Costa Rica Laps Syria Denmark Lebanon Thailand Egypt Liberia Union of Sguth Africa El Salvador Libya United States qf America Ethiopia Monaco Viet Nam Iceland New Zealand Yugoslavia In/Ha Nicaragua In accordance with the provisions of Rule 105 pf the. Rules of Procedure of the Health Assembly," the Fifth World Health Assembly may wish te suspend Rule 6 for the purpose of adding an item "Extension ç>f the Contract of the Director- General"--to its Agenda, and tp adopt a resolution along the following lines:' Whereas the First World Health Assembly elected and appointed Dr. Brock Chisholm as Director-General of the Warld Health Organization ; Whereas the First World Health Assembly provided in the Agreement Qf the Terms of Employment of the Director-General for his appointment to be .... 2 for a five-year period- as from 21 July .1948 j and. ^Handbook of Resolutions and Decisions, p.205 it tt A5/63 page 2 • • Whereas under Article 31 of the Constitution of the World Health Organization "the Director-General shall be appointed by the Health Assembly on the nomination of the Executive Board on such terms as the Health Assembly may determine"; The Fifth World Health Assembly, 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Healing a Sick World: Psychiatric Medicine and the Atomic Age
    Med. Hist. (2018), vol. 62(1), pp. 27–49. c The Author 2017. Published by Cambridge University Press 2017 doi:10.1017/mdh.2017.75 Healing a Sick World: Psychiatric Medicine and the Atomic Age RAN ZWIGENBERG* Department of Asian Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 203 Old Botany Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA Abstract: The onset of nuclear warfare in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had far-reaching implications for the world of medicine. The study of the A-bomb and its implications led to the launching of new fields and avenues of research, most notably in genetics and radiation studies. Far less understood and under-studied was the impact of nuclear research on psychiatric medicine. Psychological research, however, was a major focus of post-war military and civilian research into the bomb. This research and the perceived revolutionary impact of atomic energy and warfare on society, this paper argues, played an important role in the global development of post-war psychiatry. Focusing on psychiatrists in North America, Japan and the United Nations, this paper examines the reaction of the profession to the nuclear age from the early post-war period to the mid 1960s. The way psychiatric medicine related to atomic issues, I argue, shifted significantly between the immediate post-war period and the 1960s. While the early post-war psychiatrists sought to help society deal with and adjust to the new nuclear reality, later psychiatrists moved towards a more radical position that sought to resist the establishment’s efforts to normalise the bomb and nuclear energy. This shift had important consequences for research into the psychological trauma suffered by victims of nuclear warfare, which, ultimately, together with other research into the impact of war and systematic violence, led to our current understanding of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
    [Show full text]
  • Pugwash NEWSLETTER
    Pugwash NEWSLETTER issued by the Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Nobel Peace Prize 1995 Nuclear Impasse? Volume 37 Ⅲ Number 1 Ⅲ June 2000 To the Pugwash Community New Directions for Pugwash Pugwash Study Group on Intervention and Sovereignty he beginning of the year 2000 witnessed a num- This newly created study group met for the first time in ber of developments that set in train a wide- Venice, Italy in December 1999 to discuss ways of build- Tranging review of where and how Pugwash ing greater international support on the issue of when and should be devoting its efforts regarding major threats to where the international community should intervene in the global peace and security. internal affairs of a nation state. Papers from the Venice In the realm of nuclear weapons, Secretary General workshop were published in a new publication series, the George Rathjens convened two high-level consultations to Pugwash Occasional Papers (also available on the web) help him and the Pugwash Executive Committee think and a report on the workshop can be found on page 24. through just where Pugwash can marshal its resources to With the recent experiences of Kosovo and East Timor help the international community reverse a number of seri- freshly in mind, and with the global community facing ous recent setbacks to the control and elimination of new challenges in Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic nuclear weapons. His report on these consultations, held of the Congo, and elsewhere, the Pugwash study group in La Jolla in January and in London in March, can be will work over the next several years to devise consulta- found on the pages following, and members of the tion and implementation strategies by which the interna- Pugwash community are invited and urged to respond tional community can respond in more timely fashion to with their thoughts and suggestions (via the Pugwash avert and reverse humanitarian disasters.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO | World Health Organization
    l'lvlïi:UNi, ilUi NATIONS UNIES WORLD H E A L T H Oï,.GANISArION MONDIALE ORGANIZATION DE LA SANTÉ SIXTH WORLD HEALTH SIXIEME ASSEMBLEE MONDIALE ASSEMBLY DE LA SANTE A6 /VR /8 15 May 1953 EIGHTH PT,FNARY MEETING HUITIEME SEANCE PLFNIERE Friday, 15 May 1953, at 9.30 a.m. Vendredi, mai 1953 à 9 h. 30 Palais des Nations, Genève PROVISIONAL VERBATIM RECORD COMPTE RENDU IN EXTENSO PROVISOIRE PRESIDENT : Dr. M. KHATER (Syria) (Syrie) CONTENTS SOMMAIRE 1. Adoption of Third Report of the 1. Adoption du troisième rapport de Committee on Credentials la Commission de Vérification des Pouvoirs 2. Taking of oath of Office by 2. Prestation de serment du Dr. Marcelino Gomes Candau Dr Marcolino Gomes Candau (Continued overleaf) (Suite au verso) Note: This provisional record contains original speeches in English and French and the French translations of speeches delivered in Spanish. The Official Record of the Health Assembly, which will appear in separate English and French editions, will contain all speeches in either the original language or translation. Corrections to the provisional record should be sent to Mr. Richards, Room A. 571, within 48 hours of its distribution. Unless the issue of immediate corri- genda is expressly requested, minor corrections will be noted for the final record. Ce compte rendu provisoire contient les discours originaux en français et en anglais, et la traduction française des discours prononcés en espagnol. Les Actes officiels de l'Assemblée de la Santé, qui sont publiés séparément en fran- çais et en anglais, reproduiront soit les discours originaux, soit leur traduction.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 World Health Organization Archives Unit Transcript of an Oral Interview
    World Health Organization Archives Unit Transcript of an oral interview with Professor Milton P. Siegel Moderated by Mr Gino Levy With the participation of Mr Norman Howard-Jones Tapes one and two recorded on 15 November 1982 Tapes three and four recorded on 19 November 1982 1 Conventions used in transcribing • The whole name of a speaker appears the first time; initials are used each time after with a colon to separate the initials from the text. • Three dots are used to indicate hesitation or when the speaker did not finish a sentence • Square brackets are used for: o An inaudible word or phrase e.g. [unintelligible] o Additional information provided by the transcriber o Indicate the beginning and end of a new tape • Quotes are used for reported speech • • Underlining is used for particular stress on a word • • Style guide used: WHO style guide. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (WHO/IMD/PUB/04.1) • • Dictionary used: Oxford Concise • Proper names were verified in WHO official records NOTICE This is a transcript of a tape-recorded interview; therefore, the reader should remember that this is essentially a transcript of the spoken, rather than the written word. The transcript may be read, quoted from, cited and reproduced for purposes of research. It may not be published in full except by permission from the World Health Organization Prepared by Carole Modis, formerly Librarian, WHO Library 2 [Beginning of tape one] Gino Levy 1: This is the fifteenth of November 1982. We’re in the radio studio of the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, and we are making a recording for the oral history programme of WHO.
    [Show full text]
  • Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, and the Cold War
    Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, and the Cold War farley1.p65 1 4/28/2008, 8:14 AM farley1.p65 2 4/28/2008, 8:14 AM John Farley Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, and the Cold War farley1.p65 3 4/28/2008, 8:14 AM © UBC Press 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), www.accesscopyright.ca. 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada with vegetable-based inks on FSC-certified ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Farley, John, 1936- Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, and the Cold War / John Farley. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7748-1476-8 1. Chisholm, Brock, 1896-1971. 2. World Health Organization – History. 3. World health. 4. Public health – International cooperation. 5. Cold War. 6. Health services administrators – Canada – Biography. I. Title. RA8.F37 2008 362.106’01 C2007-907477-4 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP), and of the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • The Liberal Moral Sensibility Writ Globally Contesting the Liberal Tradition in U.S
    The Liberal Moral Sensibility Writ Globally Contesting the Liberal Tradition in U.S. Foreign Policy conference Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Amy L. Sayward Middle Tennessee State University January 2008 Rather than contesting the liberal tradition in U.S. foreign policy, I think that my research confirms the strength and vitality of that liberal tradition, which not only animated President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s thinking about the postwar world–which in many ways looked like his New Deal writ globally–but also came to animate the specialized agencies of the United Nations that he helped to create during World War II. But perhaps what I would like to add to the historiography is an explicit moral dimension. One of my colleagues, who is a cultural and intellectual historian, is writing about the rise at mid-twentieth century of a liberal moral sensibility–“an intellectual and moral framework that led to a particular set of actions and way of thinking.” This liberal moral sensibility–a descendant of the Progressive and Social Gospel movements that also had a formative fascination with science–sought to alleviate human suffering, embrace “personal autonomy and individual freedom as primary values,” and promote compassionate relationships.1 Shifted to the international sphere, this was what the specialized agencies were all about–using their expertise to alleviate suffering, promote a non-Communist agenda, and create a “new world” in which all countries felt a degree of responsibility for all other members of the community of nations. This is what I have termed the “birth of development,” when these relatively well equipped agencies “began working to better the lives 2 of other human beings whom they had never met nor known, for no reason other than the desire to improve the fate of the human race”2–in other words, when they crafted a liberal moral agenda for their work in the world.
    [Show full text]