Poll Shows Only 49% THE MILITANT Now Give Support to Published in the Interest of the Working People Vol. 30 - No. 10 Monday, March 7, 1966 Price 10c Johnson on Viet War Confession Rocks Malcolm X Trial By Herman Porter NEW YORK, March 1 — The few of the prosecution witnesses. prosecution’s case against two of Dermody asked no questions to try the three men accused of assassin­ to find out from whom Williams ating Malcolm X was severely could have gotten this informa­ shaken Feb. 28 when Talmadge tion. Hayer (also known as Thomas Hayer’s description of how the Hagan), the only defendant to assassination took place is much have been caught at the scene of more credible than the story the the crime, confessed. Hayer not prosecution said it would prove. It only exonerated Norman (3X) contradicts the prosecution’s ver­ Butler and Thomas (15X) John­ sion in ways from which neither son, but he described how the Hayer nor the other defendants crime was committed and in doing benefit, and in ways which make so threw grave doubt on the testi­ mony of most of the prosecution’s iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiti'iiiiniim eyewitnesses. Vincent Dermody, the assistant NEW YORK — Herman Por­ district attorney in charge of the ter will give a firsthand ac­ case, tried to show that Hayer was count of the Malcolm X mur­ lying to save the other two de­ der trial at a meeting of the fendants. M ilitant Labor Forum at 873 Hayer said he had come forward Broadway on Friday evening, to testify as a witness for the de­ March 11. fense and to confess because he wanted the truth to be known: •iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu iiim iiiu iiiu iiiim iiiK K t that Butler and Johnson did not have anything to do with the much more sense than the prose­ crime. He had not come forward cution’s version. When Dermody sooner because he didn’t want to asked Hayer if the witnesses told confess and had waited until it the truth about him, he responded was clear he needed to in order at one point: “ It’s quite impossible to prevent the conviction of the for the crime to have been com­ NO JOKE. Some people thought maybe it was a joke when the cold warriors at New York’s two innocent men. mitted the way they said it had.” Freedom House gave their annual “freedom award” to Lyndon Johnson. But 5,000 New Yorkers Hayer maintained that he was (See the article on the case in the Feb. 14 M ilita n t for some of turned out to protest this grim joke and to demand a halt to Johnson’s life- and-liberty-destroying not and had never been a member of Elijah Muhammad’s followers— the reasons the prosecution’s story Vietnam war. nor were his accomplices, to his is dubious.) knowledge. None of them had any Hayer said that only one man, By Dick Roberts “During periods of maximum Am erican ru lin g class is racist to personal motive for killing Mal­ not two, had been involved in a combat effort," Topping reveals, the very m arrow of its bones. MARCH 1 — In the last six colm X, but they had been hired diversion just before the shooting, “ it is expected that Am erican cas­ to carry out the assassination. He weeks, national support for Presi­ The reasons why the Johnson and that it had not been himself,! ualties each month w ill average refused to say how much money he dent Johnson’s handling of the adm inistration has determined on as the prosecution alleged. He and' about 400 to 500 dead and about the murderous course that Sey­ had been offered. He said that another accomplice had taken Vietnam w ar has dropped sharply 1,500 wounded.” (Emphasis added) from 63 to 49 percent, according mour Topping describes, were the man who hired him was not seats together in the fro n t row Six months fighting at this height­ a Muslim either. on the left side of the auditorium. to the results of a Louis Harris clearly stated by New York Times ened level, these figures reveal, Hayer refused to identify his A man with a shotgun sat in the poll published in today’s New military specialist Hanson W. would bring more combat deaths accomplices or the one who hired Y ork Post. This decline comes pre­ Baldwin in a highly significant fourth row. Hayer admitted he than in the entire course of the them. He did drop one hint about cisely at a time when the Demo­ article in the Feb. 27 Times maga­ had come armed with a .45 caliber war thus far. cratic administration is speeding zine section entitled “ The Case for who the latter was. In response to automatic and had shot about four But not only has all pretense at a question by Dermody about the times at the prone body of full-scale ahead with plans to turn Escalation.” Mal­ a “middle road” military effort in identity of the man who offered colm X, after Malcolm had the Vietnamese battlefield into a There are three choices con­ been Vietnam been dropped according him money, he said it probably felled by the shotgun blast. bloody slaughter-ground of the fronting Washington in Vietnam His to these sources — so has any ef­ would have been revealed if W il­ main forces of the National Lib­ at the present point, Baldwin companion had fired at Malcolm fort towards a negotiated settle­ liams had been successful in “con­ with a Luger. eration Front and the masses of states, and two of them should be ment of the conflict: tinuing his interrogation.” Wil­ Hayer testified he knew the peasants who support it. rejected. The first course is the “At no stage in the political and Gavin-Ridgway proposal, support- liams is one of Butler’s lawyers man with the shotgun for about According to a highly informa­ m ilita ry program ,” Topping states, (Contiiiued on Page 5) who has cross-examined only a (Continued on Page 4) tive article by New York Times “do American or Vietnamese of­ reporter Seymour Topping, w rit­ ficials in Saigon foresee an opening ten fro m Saigon Feb. 25, U. S. of negotiations with the Vietcong MARCH 25-26 PROTESTS military forces in Vietnam are al­ toward a peace settlement. The ready carrying out the plans of more optimistic of them predict escalation which many Americans that Hanoi, confronted by a m ili­ still think ought to be debated, tary campaign and a successful and which most Americans think pacification program, will halt Antiwar Group Urges Big Turnout still are being debated. But un­ the infiltration to the south and named “senior United States of­ that the Vietcong will gradually The following call in support of powers — against Japan, France, ficials” told Topping, “We have disperse in four to five years.” the International Days of Protest, and the United States. They are north Vietnam and they often at last defined our problem and At this point in the article, Top­ M arch 25-26, against the war in fighting for the right to run their spill over into Cambodia and Laos we have the go-ahead on a pro­ ping alludes to what is apparently Vietnam, has been issued by the own country, the same right that as w ell. O ver 700,000 refugees gram .” an “inside joke,” made either by Supporters of the Bring the the American people fought for in have been left homeless by this “The officials estimate,” accord­ President Johnson himself, or one Troops Home Now Newsletter. 1776. But today the United States destruction. ing to Topping, “that the war will of his close associates. W hatever The Newsletter has been estab­ government stands in opposition President Johnson approves the last from three to seven years.” the source, it betrays the sicken­ lished by members of local in­ to the vast majority of the Viet­ use of the most horrible weapons “Under the new plans,” Topping ing racist mentality of the archi­ dependent anti-Vietnam-war com­ namese people, and to the very of warfare — the indiscriminate continues, “the level of offensive tects of this war of atrocities: mittees across the country who same principles upon which our napalm bombing of the civilian operations is to be raised as the “Even the most optimistic of­ are for the formation of a na­ own country was founded. population, the torture of men, support capability of United States ficials,” Topping comments, “are tional organization of independent President Johnson has landed women, and children, the employ­ forces is expanded through the uneasy about returning to Hono­ committees based on the demand 200,000 Am erican men on V iet­ ment of gas and other chemicals, improvement of port facilities at lulu next June to meet President of imm ediate w ith d ra w a l of U.S. namese soil in order to “settle” and the adoption of a “scorched Saigon and other harbors extend­ Johnson’s demand for a demon­ troops from Vietnam. the affairs of the Vietnamese, earth” policy. A recent AP dis­ ing north to Danang. Additional stration of how many coonskins On M arch 25-26, there will be and his perspective is to double patch headlined “Yanks Scorch troops are to be brought to Viet­ have been nailed to the wall." demonstrations against the war in that number by the end of the Earth to Cripple Viet Foe” nam so that the military comman­ (Emphasis added.) cities across the nation and in year. The U.S. troops, however, (Boston Globe, Jan. 6, 1966) re­ ders w ill have sufficient forces.to This use of K K K parlance fo r many other countries. For more do not bring “freedom and de­ ported that U.S. paratroopers strike hard at Vietcong base areas. “shooting Negroes” in the highest information, write: The News­ mocracy” to Vietnam. On the from the 173rd Airborne Brigade “Air strikes at communication echelon of U.S. ru lin g power needs letter, P.O. Box 317, H arvard contrary they are engaged in a “crept stealthily down high dikes, lines in North Vietnam and infil­ no explanation. From justifying Square, Cambridge, Mass. 02138. horrible campaign of destruction and pushed through thick brush. tration routes through Laos are to its lynch mobs in the American against the Vietnamese people Every house they encountered be continued. United States troops South to its napalm bombs and For twenty-five years the and their country. they burned to the ground. Most .will be permitted to enter Cam­ noxious gases in south Vietnam, people of Vietnam have fought for Daily bombing raids are con­ were of thatch but some were bodia . . .” the fundamental ideology of the their independence against foreign ducted against both south and large with heavy wooden frames (Continued on Page 3) Page Tw o THE MILITANT Monday, March 7, 1966

Malcolm X Speaks

The Federal Government’s 3.2 bargain for the establishment of percent wage guidelines “are grievance machinery within the The following is fro m a speech Mississippi when you got to Dear­ tougher than those used during church, a tenure policy to guar­ Malcolm X gave in Detroit on born. Is it still that way? Well, the Korean war period,” accord­ antee a hearing before a priest can Feb. 14, 1965, the same day his you should straighten it out. ing to UAW Vice-President Leon­ be suspended, an end to “arbi­ home had been bombed and one So, realizing that it was neces­ ard Woodstock. Profits, however, trary and oppressive” transfers, week before he was assassinated. sary to come up with these new are “unguided” Woodstock told freedom of residence for priests, Installment 18 approaches, Kennedy did it. He union delegates to a recent and a “ professional salary.” created an image of himself that Kennedy, Africa and the U.S. United Auto Workers General * * * was skillfully designed to make Motors Conference. A FL -C IO leaders are facing W hat effect does the struggle the people on the African conti­ “ In 1965,” he reported, “ GM another possible slap in the face over Africa have on us? Why nent think that he was Jesus, the made $4,1)92,000,000 before taxes. from the Johnson administration should the black man in America great white father, come to make This figures out to $11,200,000 a when a new minimum wage bill concern himself since he’s been things right. I’m telling you, some a day, $467,000 an hour, $7,785 a comes before congress. Johnson is away from the African continent of these Negroes cried harder m inute and $130 a second. GM proposing an increase from the for three or four hundred years? when he died than they cried for workers would have to earn a current $1.25 an hour to $1.40 an Number one, you have to realize Jesus when he was crucified. dollar a minute starting in 5851 hour this year and up to $1.60 an that up until 1959 Africa was John F. Kennedy also saw that B.C. in order to equal GM’s profit hour in 1968. A piddling ad­ dominated by the colonial pow­ it was necessary for a new ap­ before taxes.” ditional proposal by the AFL-CIO ers. H aving complete, control over proach among the American Ne­ Woodstock observed that it w ould sandwich' in a $1.50 wage Africa, the colonial powers of groes. And during his entire term would take a worker earning to be introduced in 1967. Europe projected the -image of in office, he specialized in how $8,000 a year more than h a lf a Africa negatively. They always to psycho the American Negro. million years to equal GM’s pro­ The union leaders’ major cam­ paign to repeal section 14(b). of project Africa in a negative light: Now, a lot of you all don’t like fits for 1965. * * * the Taft-Hartley Act has already jungle savages, cannibals ,nothing my saying that — but I wouldn’t civilized. Why then naturally it ever take a stand on that if I The Amalgamated Clothing been defeated in the Senate and all reports indicate that their was so negative that it was nega­ didn’t know what I was talking Workers (AFL-CIO) has an­ tive to you and me, and you and Excerpted from the book, M al­ about. By living in this kind of nounced* that the union w ill ex­ minimum wage proposals w ill re­ ceive the same treatment. • I began to hate it. We didn’t want colm X Speaks, with the permis­ society, pretty much around them, ceed President Johnson’s 3.2 per­ anybody telling us anything and you know what I mean when Still uncovered by. any mini­ sion of M erit Publishers, 5 East cent wage guidelines when nego­ about Africa, much less calling I say “them,” I learned to study mum wage laws are some 18 mil­ Third St., New York, N. Y. 10003. tiations with the cotton garment us Africans. In hating Africa and them. You can think that they lion American workers. Price $5.95. Copyright 1965 by industry begin in June. The in hating the Africans, we ended mean you some good oft-times, but 125,000 workers involved now * * * up hating ourselves, without even M erit Publishers. if you look at it a little closer earn an average of $1.70 an hour. There are now 163,500 private realizing it. Because you can’t you’ll see that they don’t mean Union President Jacob S. Potof- employe welfare and pension hate the roots of a tree, and not a trick that was colossal. you any good. That doesn’t mean sky indicated the ACWA would plans in the U.S., most of them hate the tree. You can’t hate your When you’re playing ball and there aren’t some of them who ask for as least as much as they the result of union-negotiated origin and not end up hating mean good. But it does mean that got last year when the union won they’ve got you trapped, you don’t agreements. According to the U.S. yourself. You can’t hate Africa throw the ball away — you throw most of them don’t mean good. increases of 10 cents an hour Department of Labor, four-fifths and not hate yourself. it to one of your teammates who’s which amount to about 6 percent. Barnett-Kexmedy Deal of these plans include welfare You know yourself that we in the clear. And this is what the Kennedy’s new approach was * * * benefits w ith hospitalization have been a people who hated European powers did. They were pretending to go along with us A Catholic priest, Father Du- heading the list. The Labor De­ our African characteristics. We trapped on the African continent, in our struggle for civil rights. Bay, of Los Angeles, has been at­ partment also reported a 20 per­ hated our heads, we hated the they couldn’t stay there — they He was another proponent of tempting to organize 58,000 cent increase in dental plans since shape of our nose, we wanted one were looked upon as colonial rights. But I remember the expose American priests into an Amer­ 1961. of those long dove-like noses, you and im perialist. They had to pass that Look magazine did on the ican federation of priests for what Tom Leonard know; we hated the color of our the ball to someone whose image Meredith situation in Mississippi, he calls “professional freedom.” skin, hated the blood of Africa was different, and they passed the showing that Robert Kennedy and He reports that the groundwork that was in our veins. Our color ball to Uncle Sam. And he picked Governor Barnett had made a deal, has already been laid for two became to us a chain — we felt it up and has been running it for wherein the Attorney General was union locals. N.Y. Antiwar Meet that it was holding us back; our a touchdown ever since. He was going to come down and try to The rebel priest, who has al­ color became to us like a prison in the clear, he was not looked force Meredith into school, and ready been transferred four times which we felt was keeping us con­ upon as one who had colonized To Hear McGowan Barnett was going to stand at the for his activities, was recently fined, not letting us go this way the African continent. At the time, door and say, “ No, you can’t come transferred again. He accused or that way. We felt that all of the Africans couldn’t see that in.” He was going to get in any­ James Francis Cardinal M clntyre these restrictions were based sole­ though the United States hadn’t And Otto Nathan way, but it was all arranged in of transferring priests “who don’t NEW YORK — On March 11 the ly upon our color ,and the psycho­ colonized the African continent, advance and then Barnett was agree with his policies.” Father Washington Heights Committee to logical reaction to that would have it had colonized 22 million blacks supposed to keep the support of DuBay’s latest transfer w ill result End the War in Vietnam w ill hold to be that as long as we felt im­ here on this continent. Because the white racists because that’s in his taking a pay cut from its first public forum in the Wash­ prisoned or chained or trapped by we’re just as thoroughly colonized who he was upholding, and Ken­ $175 to $125 a month. ington Heights area of Manhattan black skin, black features and as anybody else. nedy would keep the support of DuBay said his union would since a street meeting of the com­ black blood, that skin and those When the ball was passed to the Negroes, because that’s who mittee was attacked by a crowd features and that blood holding the United States, it was passed he’d be upholding. It was a cut- of counterrevolutionary Cubans us back automatically had to be­ at the time when John Kennedy and-dried deal. And it’s not a last AugUst. come hateful to us. came to power. He picked it up secret; it was written, they write and helped to run it. He was one “ Should we bring our boys home Inferiority Complex about it. But if that’s a deal, how now?” is the subject of the forum, of the shrewdest backfield run­ It made us feel inferior; it made ners that history has ever record­ many other deals do you think go which w ill feature Felix McGow­ down? What you think is on the BOSTON an, former Catholic priest, and Dr. us feel inadequate; made us feel ed. He surrounded himself with THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE: Our helpless. And when we fell vic­ intellectuals — highly educated, level is crookeder, brothers and Otto Nathan, noted economist and sisters, than a pretzel, which is One Year After the Assassination of tims to this feeling of inadequacy learned and well-informed people. Malcolm X. Speaker: Clifton DeBerry, close associate of the late Dr. A l­ most crooked. bert Einstein! Other speakers w ill or inferiority or helplessness, we And their analysis told him that Socialist W orkers Party 1964 Presiden­ turned to somebody else to show the government of America was So in m y conclusion I w ould tial candidate. Fri., March II, 8 p.m. be Ron Wolin of the Veterans and like to point out that the approach 295 Huntington Ave. Rm. 307. Contrib. Reservists CEWV, Albert Hinton us the way. We didn’t have con­ confronted with a new problem. fidence in another black man to And this new problem stemmed that was used by the administra­ 50c. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. of the Afro-Americans Against tion right up until today was de­ show us the way, or black people from the fact that Africans were the War in Vietnam, and Joseph signed skillfully to make it ap­ Kay, chairman of the New York to show us the way. In those days now awakened, they were enlight­ we didn’t. We didn’t think a black ened, they were fearless, they pear they were trying to solve the DETROIT Committee to Bring the Troops problem when they actually THE DELANO, CALIFORNIA. GRAPE Home Now. man could do anything except would fight. This meant that the play some horns — you know, Western powers couldn’t stay weren’t. They would deal with the STRIKE. Speaker: Edward Frankel of the The meeting will begin at 8 make some sound and make you conditions, b u t never the cause. Notional Farmworkers Association. Fri., p.m. at the Holy Rood Church, 715 there by force. Since their own March II, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 happy with some songs and in that economy, the European economy They only gave us tokenism. To­ West 179th St., near Ft. Washing­ Woodward. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist way. and the American economy, was kenism benefits only a few. It ton Ave. Forum. But in serious things, where our based upon their continued in­ never benefits the masses, and the food, clothing, shelter and educa­ fluence over the African conti­ masses are the ones w ho have the problem, not the few. That one N EW YO RK tion were concerned, we turned to nent, they had to find some means Felix Greene to Report the man. We never thought in of staying there. So they used the who benefits from tokenism, he WHO KILLED MALCOLM X? An doesn’t want to be around us any­ analysis of the Malcolm X murder trial terms of bringing these things in­ friendly approach. by Herman Porter. Fri., March I I , 8:30 On Vietnam Visit in N.Y. to existence for ourselves, we They switched from the old way — that’s why he picks up on p.m. 873 Broadway (a t 18th St.) C on­ NEW YORK — Felix Greene, never thought in terms of doing openly colonial imperialistic ap­ the token. The masses of our peo­ trib. $1, students 50c. Ausp. Militant who recently spent five weeks in things for ourselves. Because we proach to the benevolent ap­ ple still have bad housing, bad Labor Forum. China and three weeks in north felt helpless. What made us feel proach. They came up with some schooling and inferior jobs, jobs * * * Vietnam where he had an inter­ helpless was our hatred for our­ benevolent colonialism, philan­ that don’t compensate with suffi­ BANQUET AND HOUSEWARMING view with Ho Chi Minh, will selves. And our hatred for our­ thropic colonialism, humanitarian- cient salaries for them to carry on to officially open the new headquarters discuss the Vietnam war at a selves stemmed from our hatred ism, or dollarism. Immediately their life in this world. So that the of the Socialist Workers Party and The meeting here Saturday evening, for things African. everything was Peace Corps, Op­ problem fo r the masses has gone Militant. Sat., March 12. Beginning at March 12. It will be held at the absolutely unsolved. 5:30 p.m. Program at 8:30 p.m. WHEN A fte r 1959 the s p irit of A frica n eration Crossroads, “We’ve got to Community Church, 40 East 35th nationalism was fanned to a high help our African* brothers.” Pick Next week: When I’ll be wor­ W E WERE 116, reminiscences by ried. George Novack and Harry Ring. 873 St. and w ill be co-sponsored by flame and we then began to wit­ up on that: Can’t help us in Mis­ Broadway. Contrib. $1.75. the Women’s International League ness the complete collapse of sissippi. Can’t help us in Alabama, for Peace and Freedom and the colonialism. France began to get or Detroit, or out here in Dear­ PEACE SEALS Social Action Committee of the out of French West Africa, Bel­ born where some real Ku Klux TWIN CITIES Community Church. gium began to make moves to get Klan lives. They’re going to send 50 - $1. THE MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM DEMO­ Mr. Greene’s documentary film, out of the Congo, Britain began all the way to Africa to help. I Full Color C R A T IC PARTY A N D THE 1966 ELEC­ China, recently completed an ex­ to make moves to get out of know Dearborn: you know, I’m Self- Adhesive TIONS. Speaker: John Sumrall, active tended run in several New York Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Ni­ from Detroit, I used to live out worker in the Quitman, Miss, project. theaters and is currently being geria and some of these other here in Inkster. And you had to 1220 N. Cummings Fri., March II 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin shown in 60 other cities and places. And although it looked like go through Dearborn to get to Ave., Rm. 240 Ausp. Friday Night So­ L.A.,Calif. 90033 they were getting out, they pulled Inkster. Just like driving through NOT WAR cialist Forum. towns. Monday, March 7, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Three

A THOUGHT-CONTROL TRIAL Sinyavsky's Defense Statement On Feb. 25 the New York Times reported that the Milan Why Soviet Writers Were Jailed paper, II Giorno, had obtained and published the transcript of the statement of defense made by Soviet writer Andrei Sinyavsky. The following are excerpts from the Times account By George Saunders such minions there can be no could you suggest any slander is leniency,” railed Izvestia. involved?” of the statement: The trial of the two Soviet The trial itself was not open to The story by Daniel is not anti- “ ‘Here I am an outsider, but I do not consider myself ah writers Yuli M. Daniel (pen the general public. Only invited Soviet, but without doubt it is enemy. I am a Soviet man and my works are not hostile.’ name, Nikolai Arzhak) and persons were admitted. The pros­ very pessimistic. Implicitly, the “These are the words of Andrei D. Sinyasky . . . used to Andrei D. Sinyavsky (pen name, ecutor placed the content of their author tends to turn inwardly, describe himself in his statement of defense before the Russian Abram Tertz) and the severe writings in the dock: they had away from “this cursed and sentences imposed on them have Republic’s Supreme Court sentenced him . . . besmirched ideals sacred to every marvellous country,” writing for “Mr. Sinyavsky charged that the prosecution had deliber­ created an international scandal. Soviet man, he asserted. The him being a kind of religion, a ately misread and misinterpreted his works in an attempt to Daniel was sentenced to five press echoed him. The judges kind of opium that deadens the years, and Sinyavsky to seven ruled accordingly.. suffering he feels over things. portray him as an anti-Semitic, a fascist and anti-Soviet . . . both at hard labor. There has One of the works introduced • Cut o ff fro m the Soviet masses, “He also criticized the black-and-white depiction of reality been widespread denunciation of who, moreover, are not yet ex­ by officially endorsed literature in the Soviet Union. the fake character of the public into the trial was Daniel’s short story, “This Is Moscow Speaking.” pressing themselves anywhere, “ ‘According to the prosecution, literature is a form of agita­ trial, the way the trial was re­ stifled by a bureaucracy that tion and propaganda,’ the writer said. ‘Agitation can only be ported in the Soviet press, the The story begins with a decision of the Supreme Soviet. “Parallel claims to speak out in the name Soviet or anti-Soviet. If it is not Soviet it is anti-Soviet. I cannot attitude of the Kremlin’s hireling of socialism, the Soviet intellec­ “writers” toward the trial, etc. with the rise in the standard of share this idea.’ living . . . and in accordance with tuals see no way out. In the field “Criticizing Moscow’s preoccupation with 'anti-Soviet acts,’ If the trial and the sentences the wishes of the toiling masses,” of culture, aside from research were a mockery of “socialist on stylistic forms, the intellectuals the writer described this standpoint as: ‘He who is not with us the Supreme Soviet decrees a is against us.’ legality,” so were the earlier de­ “Day of Public Murder.” On this are not attracted by the rank­ velopments in the case. The two day, according to the decree, smelling democracy of the West, “ ‘At certain times, such as revolution, war or civil war,’ writers had been secretly ar­ every citizen is granted the right, and they lack the social base to M r. Sinyavsky said, ‘this logic can be just, but it is very dan­ rested and held since September within the rules prescribed by the give stimulus to their rebellion. gerous in time of peace — above all when it is applied to 1965. Word of their arrest leaked decree, to murder any other citi­ But despite this the bureaucracy writing.’ ” out only in October. Protests by zen he wishes. The allusion is cannot bear such writings that European and American intellec­ more than transparent. How reveal its true image. No more tuals, many of them on the left, many crimes were committed on than in Stalin’s time, w ill it per­ tistic expression in Soviet litera­ tighter rein on literature. Their placed international pressure on orders from above, in the name of mit itself to be called by its ture. In this they expressed an chief spokesman is V. Kochetov, the Soviet bureaucrats. Then, sur­ socialism, and under pretext of right name. The trial demonstrates aspiration that animates a large editor of the monthly O ktyabr. prisingly* a group of Moscow stu­ fulfilling the wishes and further­ that liberalization and democrati­ proportion of Soviet intellectuals. (Kochetov, incidentally, is ridi­ dents (some reports say up to 200; ing the well-being of the toiling zation are not to be confused. Why did the Soviet authorities culed by name in works by both some go as low as 20) demon­ masses! Liberalization has not changed penalize these writers? Tertz and Arzhak.) Sinyavsky strated on Dec. 5 in behalf of things fundamentally. Society The Sinyavsky-Daniel affair is and Daniel have been active con­ No Slander Sinyavsky and Daniel. must act and think in conformity part of a larger story. It is a tributors to N o vy, M ir. Sinyavsky , Only under such pressures did During the trial, according to w ith orders from above. In ac­ stage is a contradictory process participated in polemics against the authorities acknowledge that Soviet reports, the judge waxed cordance with these orders, the of de-Stalinization, of alternating the Kochetov group, particularly the men were being held. Not indignant over this passage. “ Who intellectuals must produce works freezes and thaws, that has been in 1960-61, when he effectively until January did the Soviet public can seriously believe that the that of necessity lack life and art. going on for a decade and a half. defended young experimental poets officially learn of the case, when Soviet government could declare During the trial, both Sinyavsky First, Daniel and Sinyavsky rep-. against hack criticism by the the authorities opened a smear a Day of Permissible Murder?” he and Daniel denied any “anti- resent a section of rebel youth Kochetovs. campaign in preparation for the asked. Soviet” intent. They defended and intellectuals that has crystal­ Here Sinyavsky also represents trial. The men were branded as “ If it is clear,” Daniel answered, their works on artistic grounds lized during the de-Stalinization an intermediary group in the So­ renegades and traitors. “With “that no one could believe it, how and called for full freedom of ar- process. The works of these two viet literary-political spectrum. A l­ are vivid expressions of a whole though his basic outlook is “il­ body of clandestine or semi-legal legal,” that is, a radical critique “underground” literature, that is, of the bureaucratic establishment, manuscripts or hand-printed he is able to find footholds and ... Large Turnout Urged for March 25-26 works that circulate widely but ledges in the “ legal” sphere, thanks (Continued from Page 1) and chemical destruction of crops special session while convoking a which the censorship w ill not al­ to past de-Stalinizing by the and neat gardens. Every cooking are described as humane methods council-of-war in Hawaii to dis­ low to be published. bureaucracy, where he can wage utensil was smashed, every ba­ of warfare. A program designed cuss new plans for annihilation Publish Outside a meaningful anti-Stalinist fight. to destroy villages and relocate and destruction and to bolster the Some writers stick strictly to “le­ nana tree severed, every mattress One way to get around the cen­ villagers in armed camps was regime of General Ky. He flew gal” channels, relying on gradual was slashed.” sor is to cross the border. In re­ called “Operation Sunrise.” Amer­ his ambassadors around the world concessions to ultimately broaden Since the 1954 Geneva Confer­ cent years a growing number of ican combat troops were called while increasing the deployment the range of expression. But many, ence the United States govern­ works have trickled out of the “advisors” when the war was still of troops to Vietnam. like Sinyavsky, hide a more radi­ ment has been building military Soviet Union seeking publication considered a “police action.” The Auericans have no more right cal outlook and activity behind bases and strategic highways on in the West. The works of Tertz peasants who are fighting to pro­ in Vietnam than the British had their “reformist” workings within Vietnamese soil. Millions of dol­ and Arzhak are enly outstanding tect their homes and families in America at the time of our own the system. lars are spent on these areas examples. The Soviet authorities against American intervention are revolution. Johnson and his ad­ which James Reston (editorial must have decided the trickle had The fact that Sinyavsky and reported to be enemies of the ministration have consistently staff of the New York Times) to be stopped before it became a Daniel were secret radical critics, people. Even the war itself is pursued a policy designed in ef­ claims are “being constructed on flood. The severe reprisals against while acting as moderate liberals, a scale far larger than is neces­ presented as a means to peace. fect to assure that the U.S. would seems to have especially angered determine the future of Vietnam these two are meant as a warning sary to care for the present level Another aspect of this lying is to would-be manuscript “smug­ the authorities. The harsh sen­ of American forces. Therefore it the distortion of casualty figures rather than the Vietnamese, and tences, then, serve also as a warn­ this has led the U.S. into a war glers” hereafter. is assumed that the buildup will by the government. Two Austra­ That a growing defiance of the ing to any in the Novy M ir group continue well beyond what has lian journalists pointed out a whose sole purpose is to prevent who might be following Sinyav- the people of Vietnam from choos­ censorship has aroused the au­ been announced so fa r.” couple of months ago that the thorities’ concern is suggested sky’s and Daniel’s path, a warn­ U.S. m ilitary police in Saigon was ing their own way of life. That ing not to use “legal” positions to The U.S. base at Camranh in is why the war is so brutal and also by the increased number of south Vietnam is one of the best “ . . . to dilute casualty figures clandestine student magazines. Re­ serve radical antibureaucratic in smaller American units by oppressive. It is a war against the aims. natural ports in Asia and is being Vietnamese people. cently police arrested a group of developed into another Okinawa. measuring them against the total graduate chemistry students at the A crack of the whip over “il­ It is no wonder that President force involved in an engagement No Stake University of Leningrad for cir­ legal” writing, a warning signal Johnson cannot tell the truth even though much or in many The majority of Americans culating a magazine they called for “legal” critics, the trial had about the real character of the cases most of the total force had have no desire to intervene in K olokol (The Bell). That was the one other meaning. It represented war — about its horrors and its not fired a shot or been fired at.” other countries. They have no name of the exile magazine of a the realization of personal revenge violation of Vietnamese freedom. (New York Times, Dec. 7, 1965) stake in supporting a brutal and Russian revolutionary of a cen­ for certain more reactionary sec­ LBJ, like Presidents Kennedy and The resumption of bombing unjust war against the Viet­ tu ry ago, Alexander Herzen; it tions of the bureaucracy and party Eisenhower before him, has had against north Vietnam after John­ namese people. Neither south nor was smuggled the other way — apparatus who had been the chief to lie and distort the real nature son’s latest “peace offensive” in­ north Vietnam has attacked nor from the West into the tsarist butts of these two writers’ ridi­ of the war. A new language has dicated the sheer hypocrisy of his committed any other act of ag­ empire. cule. The secret police, certain been developed to make things “ peace” talk. While he was talking gression against the U.S. What do Another student group for sections of the party, the Kochetov appear to be something they are about “unconditional negotia­ Americans have to gain by kill­ whose “enlightenment” Sinyavsky group, etc., apparently took a not. The hated dictator General tions” he stepped up the bomb­ ing thousands of Vietnamese and and Daniel may have been pun­ special interest in “bringing to Ky is portrayed as a gallant de­ ing raids and attacks in the south. creating hundreds of thousands of ished is SMOG, which organized justice” these idolators who had fender of freedom. Gas warfare He called the United Nations into refugees? What does the ordinary several demonstrations for artistic made such unmerciful fun of them. American win by backing up a freedom in 1965, including the But Sinyavsky and Daniel w ill military dictator whose self-pro­ one on Dec. 5 in behalf of Sinyav­ live as heroes of the battle for claimed hero is Adolph Hitler? sky and Daniel. It was reported freedom of expression long after The American youth who die in that some of SMOG’s leaders were their vitriolic persecutors have Antiwar Forces Seen on Rise Vietnam are victims of Johnson’s detained recently in connection passed fro m the scene. policy as much as the Vietnamese. with the Sinyavsky-Daniel case. Spokesmen for the Bring the Troops Home Now Newsletter To prevent the slaughter of Not only the clandestine or “il­ have predicted large demonstrations on the March 25-26 In­ thousands of innocent Americans legal” writers and intellectuals but New York ternational Days of Protest against the Vietnam War. “In almost and Vietnamese, the U.S. must get also the liberal wing of the “legal” every major city in the United States,” said a Newsletter out of Vietnam and bring the or officially published writers House Warming spokesman, “and in many smaller towns demonstrators will troops home now. community is threatened. This NEW YORK — The So­ march, distribute literature, hold teach-ins, debates and rallies On M arch 25-26 there w ill be wing is represented by the journal cialist Workers Party will against the war in Vietnam. These demonstrations will be International Days of Protest. Dem­ Novy M ir and its editor A. Tvar- celebrate the opening of its similar to those held last Oct. 15-16, when 100,000 people took onstrations w ill be held in cities dovsky, a consistent defender of spacious new hall at 873 all over the world. Everyone who part. All indications point to a much larger turnout this time.” artistic experiment and of the Broadway with a dinner and feels that the war in Vietnam is right to treat controversial sub­ Two buttons are available from The Newsletter. One button wrong should help build these jects. (It was Novy M ir that pub­ open house on Saturday eve­ reads “BRING THE TROOPS HOME NOW!” in large letters demonstrations and voice their op­ lished the novel of a Stalin prison ning, March 12. and “Read the Newsletter” along the rim; the other reads position. Demand that Johnson camp in 1962, for example.) Following the dinner a “BUILD MARCH 25-26 DAYS OF PROTEST” and “Bring the end the war now. Demand that The liberalizing writers around brief program will feature Troops Home Now.” Both sell for 25c each; 20 or more, 15c the right of self-determination for N ovy M ir have engaged in fre­ reminiscences on “When we each. W rite: The Newsletter, P.O. Box 317, Harvard Square, the people of Vietnam be re­ quent polemics with an opposing were 116,” by George Novack Cambridge, Mass. 02138. spected. BRING THE TROOPS group, whose views are neo- and Harry Ring. HOM E NOW. Stalinist and who want a much Page F o u r THE MILITANT —

THE MILITANT F o u r t h I n t ' l C h a l l e n g esCastrotoConfrontationonCharges Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY

Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, The following open letter to is lo manufacture an amalgam. the Second Declaration of Ha­ by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 873 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003. Phone Fidel Castro was sent on Feb. 1 This is a dishonest method of vana. 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $3 a year; by the United Secretariat, the engaging in polemics and level­ How else can the scandalous Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily highest body of the Fourth Inter­ ing accusations. You likewise passages of your speech be in ­ represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. national. The translation is by manufacture an amalgam when terpreted where, for example, you World Outlook. you place on the same plane the say, “this discredited thing, this Vol. 30 - No. 10 3*5 Monday, March 7, 1966 provocative declarations of Alba­ antihistoric thing, this fraudulent We have just read the full text guante and a quotation from the thing which emanates from in­ of your closing speech at the newspaper La Batalla, organ of dividuals so known to be at the First Tricontinental Conference, the POUM (Partido Obrero de service of Yankee imperialism, as Dominican Double Cross as published by Prensa Latina U nificacion M arxista) , w hich does is the program of the Fourth U.S. occupation forces, which are allegedly there to preserve Jan. 20, 1966. On the one hand 1 not belong to the Fourth Inter­ International.” (Prensa Latina, p. this speech is imbued with an in­ “freedom,” are standing quietly by in Santo Domingo while a national and which spoke only of 11.) O r ag a in,' in relation to comparable revolutionary spirit, differences between you and Che Guatemala: right-wing m ilitary dictatorship is being fastened on the people. as when you proclaim that “for Guevara. “What the Fourth International According to the “settlement” forced on the Dominican Con­ Cuban revolutionaries the battle- You next make a link between thus committed was a true crime stitutionalists at the point of a U.S. gun, the leaders of both the ground against imperialism Gilly and a group that calls itself against the revolutionary move­ military and the Constitutionalists were supposed to leave the covers the whole globe,” when Trotskyist which split from the ment, to isolate it from the rest country. This was pure fraud. Constitutionalist leaders left while you promise that “revolutionary Fourth International and which of the people, to isolate it from the militarists contented themselves with sending a few junior movements in any corner of the is led by one Juan Posadas. You the masses, by corrupting it w ith officers abroad. globe can count on Cuban com­ focus attention on the irrespon­ the stupidities, the discredit and batants,” when you tell the Now, interim-President Garcia-Godoy, a U.S. appointee, has sible criticisms which this group the repugnant and nauseating American imperialists once again named two top generals to his cabinet. Dominicans described this directs at Cuba and its govern­ thing that is Trotskyism today that the only way they can gain within the field of politics. For as “a virtual coup d’etat without the overthrow of the govern­ ment, particularly with regard to peace is to get out of Vietnam, Che’s leaving Cuba and the al­ if Trotskyism represented at a m ent.” when you call upon the Latin- leged inadequate aid Cuba gave certain stage an erroneous posi­ In a monumental display of hypocrisy, it is being explained American revolutionists to extend to the Dominican revolutionists. tion, but a position within the that Garcia-Godoy’s only alternative to include the generals in his armed struggle to an ever grow­ You know that the irresponsible field of political ideas, Trot­ government was to use force against them and he is resolved to ing number of countries in order positions of this group are not at skyism became in later years a avoid the use of force. That statement might well be accompanied to make it impossible for the all the positions of the Fourth vulgar instrument of imperialism by the news photo of last month showing one of his palace guard imperialists to concentrate their International, the organization and reaction.” (ibid. p. 11-12.) forces against the revolutionary shooting a student demonstrator in the back. founded by Leon Trotsky, organ­ Shameful Act forces of a sister people. Reading ized on a world scale, represented But the hypocrisy is not merely Garcia-Godoy’s. His course this part of your speech we feel It is shameful, Comrade Fidel is being dictated by the real power of government — the U.S. in solidarity more than ever with Castro, to utilize your prestige occupation force. This force suddenly became remarkably hesitant this orientation and line of action. and the admiration and affection at “interfering" in Dominican affairs. For example, it was only a But on the other hand the which the revolutionary masses few months ago that they decided that Col. Wessin y Wessin was speech also levels systematic, of the entire world feel for the getting in the way of what they wanted to do and they simply slanderous attacks against Trot­ Cuban Revolution to dig out of took him at gunpoint and flew him out of the country. skyism, the Trotskyist movement the dustbin of history the slan­ ders and lies that no one dares to The hard fact is that the step-by-step handing of the power and the Trotskyist program as a whole, attacks whose unjustified utter, even in the Soviet Union over to the m ilitary is in accord with U.S. policy and plans. When itself, after the twentieth and the people of Santo Domingo were armed and ready for battle nature is felt by us with the deepest indignation and revul­ twenty-second congresses of the the U.S. could not impose a new military dictatorship on them sion. Communist Party of the Soviet except by a most ferocious battle — one that they did not con­ Union! The “dossier” you placed be­ Trotskyism has become “a sider tactically advisable at the time. fore the participants at the First vulgar instrument of imperialism Instead they imposed their crooked deal on the leaders of the Tricontinental Conference and of­ and reaction”? At what time? Constitutionalist movement so that they could achieve a step at a fered to world public opinion is What are the proofs? Stalin as­ time what they could not do at one blow — fasten a murderous made up of amalgams and link­ sassinated the majority of the ages which collapse at the slight­ new dictatorship on the Dominican people. members of the Central Com­ est touch under objective exam­ mittee of the CPSU of Lenin’s ination. day, tens of thousands of Old You make much of the asser­ Bolsheviks, including Leon Trot­ tions of one Felipe Albaguante, sky himself, the founder of the ... Malcolm X Murder Trial according to whom Che Guevara Red Army, under the vile and was quite likely assassinated in slanderous accusation of being (Continued from Page 1) is generally assumed that Elijah Fidel Castro Muhammad’s organization wanted Cuba. You present this person as “agents of Nazi imperialism.” At one year at the time they par­ the “leader of the Mexican Trot­ ticipated in the assassination Feb. Malcolm out of the way it should the end of the war, the archives skyists” on the basis of a dispatch 21, 1965. He said the man was be borne in mind that those who by magazines, periodicals and of­ were opened, tons of documents issued by the UPI, an imperialist dark skinned, very husky, and profited the most from his revolu­ ficially edited bulletins in a great were searched from top to bot­ press agency. But this Felipe had a beard. Johnson, who has tionary voice being silenced was many countries and which are tom with the participation of Albaguante is not the “leader” or been accused of firing the shotgun, the ruling class of this country. sent both to Cuba and to its rep­ Soviet judges, the Nuremberg even a member of the Mexican has a very light complexion. Hay­ Dermody has not proved so far resentatives abroad. These pub­ trials took place — not a docu­ Trotskyist organization. This is er explained he was willing to that Hayer was a Muslim. Cary lications printed an article by ment, not a line, could be pro­ not his first provocation; he made describe the man because he had Thomas, the first eyewitness, Comrade Joseph Hansen, editor duced in support of this slander­ a provocative declaration on already been described by an earl­ claimed to know that Hayer was a of the Trotskyist newspaper in ous accusation. The twentieth Nov. 26, 1963, a ttrib u tin g Os­ ier defense witness. member of the Jersey City mos­ the United States, The Militant, congress of the Communist party wald’s assassination by Jack Ernest Greene, a 21-year-old que, though he testified he’d never entitled “A New Field of Battle of the Soviet Union revealed that Ruby to the Communist Party. former Muslim, had appeared as been to that mosque. Vernal Tem­ for Che Guevara,” which gives the “confessions” made by On Nov. 30, 1963, Comrade Pierre Butler’s eyewitness on Feb. 24, ple, the second eyewitness, claimed a responsible interpretation of Stalin’s victims were wrung from Frank, speaking for the United and testified to seeing a stout, to have seen H ayer function as a Che’s departure from Cuba. them through torture and other Secretariat of the Fourth Inter­ dark, bearded man shoot Malcolm guard in the Harlem mosque and barbarous and inhuman means. national, denied in the most Official Position X with a shotgun. strike someone, who was causing No reasonable person gives the categoric way that this person Dermody recalled the testimony a disturbance, a karate blow on On Jan. 20 we again sent you slightest credence any longer to had anything whatsoever to do of the first “secret witness” from that occasion. Now, Dermody is our official position expressly on these slanders. And it is you, the with Trotskyism and the Fourth whose testimony reporters had trying to show that Hayer was a Che’s leaving Cuba. It is now great leader of the Cuban Revo­ International. This declaration been barred. The secret witness member of the Newark mosque. your duty to make clear to the lution, the man who said that the was sent to Cuba, to you per­ had testified that Butler had been Dermody has produced two international revolutionary audi­ revolution above all needs the sonally, as well as to many other involved in a scuffle near the photographs of groups in karate ence that only a small faction of truth, who is exhuming these in­ Cuban officials. stairway that leads from the en­ garb, apparently including Hayer. splitters adopted an irresponsible famous slanders buried by trance of the ballroom down to Franklin (X) Durant testified If it was a question of ascer­ attitude on this question, the of­ history! the entrance of the building. The Feb. 24 that he, a member of taining the truth, and not of ficial bodies of the Fourth Inter­ After the terrible experience Witness claimed to have knocked Mosque 25 in Newark, had taken taking the U P I dispatch as a national and the overwhelming with Stalin, no one will accept Butler down the stairs and that the photos at a bazaar held in the pretext for attacking the Trot­ majority of the international accusations without proofs no Hayer had jumped over Butler on mosque during the spring of 1963. skyist movement, you could have Trotskyist movement showing matter what the authority of the the way out. He identified Hayer in the photos asked your research services — . themselves on this occasion as accuser. Take care that your ir­ Hayer denied seeing any scuf­ and said Hayer introduced himself which are efficient — for mat­ always to be stubborn defenders responsible accusations do not fling near the stairs or seeing any­ as Talmadge, but went on to testi­ erial about the provocateur Alba­ of the Cuban Revolution. Un­ turn against you and — despite one. knocked down the stairs. “I fy that Hayer was not a member guante; and these services would fortunately this rectification will our efforts — gravely discredit was shot. I didn’t do any jump­ of the mosque. He said most of then have brought our Nov. 30, not be forthcoming because your the magnificent, the immortal ing,” he said. When asked about the others in the photos were not 1963, statement to your attention. good faith was not abused. The Cuban Revolution itself. Muslims to his knowledge. Durant text of your speech leads one in For contrary to w h a t you seem it again, he said: “I couldn’t jump Gilly Articles over anybody.” Hayer was shot in said he never saw Hayer in the fact to draw the conclusion that to imagine, the world Trotskyist in the leg. mosque on any occasion after that. You link up the declaration of you are u tiliz in g the confusion in movement today is no longer a In his cross-examination of Hay­ Reportedly, the karate exhibition this person with the articles by order to try to discredit and at­ handful of persecuted people er, Dermody harped on the fact was put on by a karate school in Adolfo Gilly published in the tack the Trotskyist movement as without an audience, without in­ that Hayer had lied when he tes­ Newark, but this was never leftist weeklies Marcha and a whole. To take but one example fluence, unknown and isolated tified in his own behalf on Feb. brought out in the testimony. Nuovo Mondo as w e ll as in the — you well know that the organ from the masses. Thanks to its 23 and denied having any part in A number of other witnesses Monthly Review. It must first of presenting the views of the Ital­ heroic resistance to the murder­ the crime. He also tried to show have testified for Butler includ­ all be pointed out that the ex­ ian Trotskyists is not the one ous assault of Stalin and Stalin­ that Hayer was a Muslim. This is ing: Gloria (11X) Wills and cerpts from Gilly which you refer with an insignificant circulation ism; thanks to its courageous and an important point in the case, Juanita (8X) Gibbs who said to say nothing at all about Che which you cite (Lotta Operaia) enduring participation in all the for if Hayer is not a Muslim there they spoke to Butler at his home Guevara’s alleged assassination; b u t Bandiera Rossa which has mass movements, Trotskyism to­ is every reason to believe he told on the telephone just after the they say only that Che Guevara been in existence for almost ten day is widely known and rec­ the truth in his confession, and assassination, between 3:05 and left Cuba because of political dif­ years, which has a circulation in ognized by the revolutionary that the Muslims were not in­ 3:30 p.m. Dr. Kenneth Seslowe ferences with you. To place on the thousands among the vanguard vanguard in many countries. And volved in the assassination. testified to treating Butler for an the same plane provocative decla­ of the workers movement, in­ this vanguard will address nu­ The question raised by Hayer’s infection of the veins in his right rations about Che’s alleged as­ cluding the Italian Communist merous questions to you which confession is who paid for the leg on the m orning of the assas­ sassination and the hypothesis of Party, and which was the firs t you w ill find it embarrassing to murder of Malcolm X? While it sination. differences between Che and you Italian publication to reproduce answer, Comrade Fidel Castro: nday, M arch 7, 1966 Page Five Castro to Confrontation on Charges

Is Comrade Hugo Blanco a ings of the Second Declaration of wise, neither the well-being nor “vulgar instrument of imperi­ Havana, the teachings of the even the survival of mankind can alism and reaction” — Hugo Cuban Revolution, and who con­ be assured in the long range. Blanco, who organized the poor tinue to peddle the “peaceful The Fourth International has peasants in his own country, led road” and an “alliance with the never ceased to defend a ll revolu­ them in occupying the land stolen national bourgeoisie.” And this tions, no matter what the attitude from them by the proprietors, can have grave consequences for of the leadership toward Trot­ brought them to resist arms in the Latin-American revolution. skyism. We completely identify hand the repressive measures You dared, finally, to charac­ ourselves with the Cuban Revo­ undertaken by the army and the terize the program of the Fourth lution and with its repercussions proprietors, thereby ac tu a lly International and the organization in Latin America and in the launching the Peruvian Revolu­ itself as “antihistoric” and “dis­ world, whatever you may say or tion to which you attach so much credited.” do against us, Comrade Fidel im portance in yo u r speech? Stalin and the Soviet bureauc­ Castro. Nothing can stop Trot­ Are the Trotskyist militants of racy attempted to discredit Trot­ skyism, the Fourth International. Bolivia “vulgar instruments of skyism. In 1937, at the time of the But your imitation of the Soviet imperialism and reaction,” the infamous Moscow Trials, Trotsky and Chinese leaders in the em­ militants at the head of the hurled his celebrated prophecy in ployment of amalgams, of epi­ armed miners who dealt the first the faces of the masters of the thets like “agents of imperi­ military defeat to reaction in Kremlin: “The revolution will alism,” instead of political dis­ cussion, injures the Cuban Revo­ their country in the battle of open all the secret archives, re­ lution. Sora-Sora? Is Comrade Cesar view all the trials, rehabilitate Lora a "vulgar instrument of im­ the slandered, raise monuments To the Fidel Castro of Jan. 15, perialism and reaction,” this to the victims, swear an ever­ 1966, the Fourth International trade-union leader foully mur­ lasting malediction on the ex­ and all revolutionists will reply dered by the reaction whose ecutioners. Stalin w ill disappear with the Fidel Castro of March funeral procession, attended by from the scene under the w eight 13, 1962, who at the University of thousands of miners, constituted of his crimes as the gravedigger Havana, denounced the doctoring a veritable challenge to the of the revolution and the most of documents and the falsification military . dictatorship? Or Com­ sinister figure in history.” At the of history, who proclaimed that rade Hugo Gonzales Moscoso, time, Trotsky hardly had an or­ “the revolution must be a school of unfettered thought” and who whose arrest was protested by IN CUBA. Farrell Dobbs (at the right), national secretary of ganization, his friends and par­ said: thousands of students and work­ tisans were being murdered in Socialist Workers Party during his 1960 tour of Cuba. On his re­ “How can we, in the presence ers in La Paz in a spontaneous great numbers; Stalin stood at turn he made defense of Cuban revolution a central theme of his of a new generation, a generation strike? the head of one of the world’s presidential campaign against anti-Cubans Kennedy and Nixon. which is beginning to study, Is Comrade K anai Pal a “ v u l­ principal powers which emerged which is thirsting for knowledge, gar instrument of imperialism victorious in the second world which is thirsting to read, which and reaction,” Kanai Pal, the you when you launch this slan­ front — the program, the slogans, w ar. is thirsting to embark on the Trotskyist deputy in the legis­ der; and it will ricochet — the forms and methods of action But a quarter of a century later study of history, which is thirst­ lature of East Bengal, arrested through your fault — injuring the are shaped to fit, not the aspira­ Trotsky’s prophecy has largely ing to embark on the study of for his intransigent fidelity to prestige and the hearing given tions of the masses and the pos­ come true. Today in the USSR Marxism, how can we put on that proletarian internationalism, for the Cuban Revolution throughout sibilities open to them, but unity and among the Communist generation blinders so large that his refusal to support the bour­ the w orld. with the “national” bourgeoisie, parties, despite the monstrous we w ill not permit them to read geoisie of his own country against To give a semblance of political then leadership of the anti­ falsifications launched against the full text of a historical docu­ the Chinese workers state? justification to your unjustifiable imperialist movement is abdicated Trotsky, despite the difficulties ment . . . ?” attack upon Trotskyism, you and what is constituted in fact is that militants often experience in Are the Trotskyists of the They w ill reply with the Castro touch briefly on the ease of a “bloc of classes” with the bour­ try in g to gain access to T rotskyist United States, who were among who, in the same speech de­ Guatemala, insinuating th a t geoisie and under its direction. The literature, between Trotsky and the first to raise the banner of clared: “where a vast revolutionary front outcome is defeats and disasters of Stalin, it is certainly not the defense of the Cuban Revolution “The revolution has to induce the bloodiest kind. former who is “discredited” but within the very heart of the main has united the immense majority men to study, to think, to analyze of the people and has closely Without going further back, it rather the one who besmirched imperialist stronghold in the in order to possess profound con­ grouped different sectors of the is sufficient to cite two recent the banner of socialism by or­ world — are they “vulgar in­ viction, so profound that there population around the liberation cases. In Brazil the whole move­ ganizing such crimes as the struments of imperialism and w ill be no need to have recourse movement in the struggle against ment was subordinated to the “purges” and setting up con­ reaction”? What about Comrade to such tricks [like the falsifica­ imperialism, to Trotskyites this is directives and initiatives of a centration camps about which Farrell Dobbs, presidential can­ tion of documents] . . . It is absurd, it is counterrevolution­ Goulart, who could only capitu­ millions of the citizens in the didate of the Socialist Workers simply because of this, because ary.” late before imperialism. In Indo­ workers states today know at party, who made defense of the we have faith in our ideas and We give whole-hearted support nesia the same kind of bloc, least a part of the truth. Cuban Revolution the main plank in the people that we are not so to the guerrilla movement in named NASEKOM, ended in the in his electoral campaign in 1960 cowardly as to be able to accept massacre of 100,000 Communists Marxism of Today and toured the entire country, Guatemala. We do not know who such a tiling.” and the imprisonment of another speaking out in defense of this is responsible for the division that Trotskyism, a n antihistoric And to the Castro who has 100,000 m ilitants. These tw o cases Revolution? has occurred in this movement, undertaking? It is the Marxism of just declared that Trotskyism has although your account would show that the teachings and our epoch, and those who wish to become “a vulgar instrument of Support Revolutions warnings of the Trotskyists in im p ly that the responsibility does develop in a creative and living imperialism and reaction,” the not lie with Comandante Yon this respect are not without Are the French Trotskyists way the Marxist analysis of the Fourth International makes the Sosa but with Comandante foundation. “vulgar instruments of imperi­ problems of contemporary im­ following challenge: that he sub­ Turcios since you praise him be­ This is also what the Cuban perialism, of monopoly capital­ alism,” they who were the first in mit his proofs before a tribunal of cause he “ broke away from the people clearly proclaimed in the ism, of the colonial revolution, of their country to organize political the Cuban people; five of the ‘13th of November Movement.’ ” Second Declaration of Havana, and material aid for the Algerian the construction of socialist soci­ most representative leaders of the At least it is a strange way to thus putting down as false the ety, are continually obliged to Revolution, at a time when the Fourth International are ready to policy pursued by the Communist French Communist Party con­ uphold the idea of a united anti- drink at this spring. stand before such a public tribu­ imperialist revolutionary front — parties and confirming the cor­ Trotskyism, a n antihistoric sidered the leaders of this revolu­ nal and answer the accuser be­ glorifying a split in this front rectness of the theory of per­ tion to be “putschist adven­ undertaking? But since the sec­ fore the people of all Cuba. Thus manent revolution: turers” ? under pretext that it is impossible ond world war, from Chile to the people of Cuba w ill discover “In the present historical con­ Are the Trotskyists “vulgar in­ to collaborate with anyone who Japan, from Great Britain to that the entire activities of the collaborates w ith Trotskyists. ditions of Latin America, the na­ struments of imperialism” — the Argentina, from Ceylon to Fourth International are devoted W hatever the case may be, we tional bourgeoisie cannot lead the Trotskyists who are organizing, Belgium, from Greece and Italy to but one aim: the victory of the object most strenuously to your antifeudal and anti-imperialist aiding and promoting committees to the United States, young so­ world socialist revolution! insinuation that the Trotskyists, struggle. Experience has demon­ today in forty countries of the cialists and communists, the van­ United Secretariat of the strated that in our countries, even w o rld to m obilize the masses w ith in Guatemala, Vietnam, or any­ guard of the young workers and Fourth International the aim of forcing the uncondi­ where else consider the establish­ when their interests run counter students, keep moving in large tional withdrawal of the Amer­ ment of a united anti-imperialist to those of Yankee imperialism, numbers toward Trotskyism. ican troops from Vietnam in front to be “absurd” or “counter­ this class has always been incap­ Trotskyism, a n antihistoric Text Available order to help the National Liber­ revolutionary.” This is an added able of resistance due to fear of undertaking? Trotskyism is the ation Front and the Vietnamese slander. the social revolution and the ex­ struggle for the international ex­ Of Castro Speech Revolution to win? The Trotskyists, the revolution­ ploited masses.” tension of the socialist revolution, No, Comrade Fidel Castro, for ary Marxists, are partisans of the As early as 1905, Trotsky said for the overthrow of the capitalist The complete text of Fidel the first time, no one w ill believe broadest united anti-imperialist the same thing in his theory of regime in all countries, for the Castro’s Jan. 15 speech to front, of the sincere collaboration permanent revolution. Wherever organization of a dictatorship of the Tricontinental Confer­ of all the forces within the col­ the revolutionary workers move­ the proletariat based upon genu­ ence in Havana has been onial revolution ready to deal ment took the leadership of the ine democracy for the workers published in English by the N.Y. Forum Slated blows against the imperialist revolution, guiding it uninter­ and poor peasants, for the or­ On Havana Parley enemy. B u t they add tw o lessons ruptedly up to the victory of the ganization of the workers state labor press service, W o rld from history, two lessons for­ socialist revolution it has on the basis of democratically O utlook. NEW YORK — “The Tri- mulated by Lenin, two lessons triumphed. This was the case in elected committees of workers Ordinarily only available continental Conference: New that the whole course of the revo­ Russia in 1917, in Yugoslavia in and poor peasants, for the elabo­ by subscription ($7.50 for Stage in Cuban Politics?” lution since 1917 has continually 1945, in China in 1949, in North ration and democratic control of 26 issues), World Outlook is w ill be discussed by Harry confirmed. Vietnam in 1954, in Cuba 1959- planning, for the management of offering its issue of Feb. 11 Ring, staff writer for The First, the party of the working 60. Wherever it has abdicated, the plants by the workers them­ containing the Castro speech M ilita n t, at a meeting of the class and the poor peasants must handing over this leading role to selves, for the free play of art for sale on an individual Militant Labor Forum on under no pretext give up its or­ other classes or to other social and culture, for the withering ganizational independence within forces, the outcome has been a basis. Copies may be ob­ Friday evening, March 18. away of the state, of classes, of this united anti-imperialist front, bloody defeat. This is what the the market economy. Trotskyism tained at 50 cents each by In addition to the conference for only the proletariat and poor Trotskyists, armed with the les- is the untiring struggle to re­ w riting to: World Outlook, itself, he will discuss the peasantry are capable of fighting sions of a half century of rev­ create a new mass Communist P.O. Box 635, Madison Sq. Havana-Peking rift and Cas­ imperialism without reservation olutionary experiences, have International. Trotskyism is sim­ Station, New York, N. Y. tro’s attack on “Trotskyism.” or hesitation up to the very end. continually proclaimed. ply the conscious expression of 10010. In New York, copies The meeting will be held Second, if — under pretext of Your attack against the Trot­ the march of history in our may be obtained at the M il­ at the Militant Labor Forum constituting a united anti-imperi­ skyists w ill objectively reinforce century. For no force in the world itant Labor Forum Hall at H all at 873 Broadway. alist front and winning over the the opportunists in Latin America can definitively prevent the re­ 873 Broadway. “national bourgeoisie” to this who in practice reject the teach­ alization of our program, other­ Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, March 7, 1966

NKRUMAH'S OUSTER The Ghana Coup d'Etat By Dick Roberts ing to develop the nation within the world capitalist market. While The forces of world imperialism Nkrumah made many progressive eagerly chalked up a new victory changes, including the develop­ in the latest of a series of set­ ment of one of the largest educa­ backs for the African revolution tional systems in Africa and the w ith the Feb. 24 ouster of Ghana’s construction of modern housing president Kwame Nkrumah, the for the workers, much more liquidation of his Convention money was lavished on fantastic People’s Party (CCP), and the schemes to develop the country imprisonment of Nkrumah’s clos­ industrially in combination with est supporters. The African leader unscrupulous Western investors. was on a Vietnamese peace mis­ The multi-million dollar Volta sion to Peking and Hanoi at the River dam, which was completed time of the coup. in 1964 and half financed by the No sooner had the news Ghanian government, had as its “reached” Washington, than G. main purpose the supplying of Mennen Williams, Assistant Sec­ power to the privately owned retary of State for Africa, called Aluminum reduction plant in -*i a news conference to announce Tema. This plant was constructed that “good and favorable” rela­ INDEPENDENCE SCENE. Artists in Accra painting hotel mural by the Volta Aluminum Company as they prepared celebration of establishment of independent state tions could be had between the Ltd. (VALCO), 90 percent owned U.S. and the new m ilitary regime. by the Kaiser Aluminum and of Ghana in March 1957. The road since then has been a difficult Although the State Department one, culminating in present m ilitary coup. Kwame Nkrumah Chemical Corporation and 10 per­ subsequently announced it was cent owned by Reynolds Metals “still too early to comment on Company. The project gave west­ fice,” internal lack of democracy, alist aid and sponsoring foreign the question of recognition,” the powers before independence. had ern finance capital direct control New York Times stated Feb. 25 been greatly stripped away by the and demagogery, are not the type investments, Nkrumah had been a of Ghana’s valuable bauxite de­ of things that bother the imperial­ consistent critic of neocolonialism. that Washington was moving to­ Nkrumah government. posits. wards recognition “with delib­ A certain amount of the pop­ ist circles. From inflationary Brazil Nkrumah had become a bitter At the same time, Ghana re­ under the military dictatorship of critic of the UN intervention in erate speed scarcely concealing its ular apathy, however, was a mained heavily dependent on pleasure.” response to the increasing cen­ Castelo Branco to Nguyen Cao Ky the Congo, after originally urging cocoa production, w hich ac­ in inflationary and war-torn Viet­ Lumumba to request it; he op­ The reason Washington didn’t tralization of Nkrumah’s rule and counted for about 60 percent of make an immediate statement of its separation from the aspiration nam, the imperialists have dozens posed the war in Vietnam; and her export income in 1963, and of such types in their retinue. most recently, he had spoken support for the generals, the of the masses in the years since which is tied to the world market Times continued to explain, was he led the country to independ­ Their hatred for Nkrumah, the against Britain’s failure to pre­ price of cocoa. A drastic reduction economic strangulation of the vent the emergence of a white- “for fear of giving grounds for ence, in 1957. in the price of cocoa since 1957-58, suspicion and for what were re­ In March 1959, Nkrumah took country which they imposed, and supremacist state in Rhodesia. In has therefore left Ghana with to­ this connection, Nkrumah an­ garded as inevitable charges that direct control over the appoint­ their support to his ouster, stems tally inadequate funds to pur­ from Nkrumah’s outspoken criti­ nounced two months ago plans to the United States was involved in ment of senior civil servants and chase needed foreign products. the coup.” appeal judges and made himself cism of imperialism, from his set up a “people’s militia” sepa­ The price had dropped from friendly attitude toward the rate from the army, which could However, the Times added, sole judge on security matters. A $1,504 a ton in the firs t days of “ The tim etable m ay now be censorship bill in 1960 muzzled Soviet Union and China, and his be used against Prime Minister independence to $504 a ton last unbending support for a united Smith’s Rhodesian regime. speeded up in view, of Mr. the final opposition newspaper, fa ll. Nkrumah’s threat in Peking today and in 1962, a Detention Act was , Africa — which they know full The plan did not go over very to return to Ghana soon to re­ passed p e rm itting N krum ah to im ­ Sought Loans well could ultimately lead to the well in Ghana’s army circles, and assert his authority as head of the prison his opponents up to 20 Nkrumah’s first response to the release of the whole continent may have been one of the factors government.” years without trial. The CCP was impending financial disaster was from the world capitalist market. contributing to the military take­ over. Nkrumah’s threat of return was made the sole legal political party to seek huge foreign loans, both Even while accepting imperi­ not taken lightly in Accra either. in January 1964, and its leaders from the Soviet bloc and from By Feb. 27 martial law was were installed in all major Western nations. When these were established in the streets, and government posts. turned down, however, Nkrumah armed troops were deployed in During the same period, Nkru­ mainly responded by requesting . ..T he U.S. War in Vietnam strategic areas — particularly at mah built an intensive cult of per­ the masses to support an “ aus­ the airport. The Accra Radio an­ sonality, erecting statues of him­ terity” program — the main point (Continued from Page 1) for a limited mobilization [of the nounced that supporters of Nkru­ self everywhere, and accompanied of which was ceasing to purchase ed by the leaders of the Senate country] and a call-up of the guard mah were being rounded up, and by official adulation from the imported food items upon which Foreign Relations Committee in and reserves . . . there was word of murders of his press. Among other things, Nkru­ much of the populace depended. their recent debate with the John­ “The additional troops would be followers. mah called himself “Our Great The result was an inflation in son adm inistration. used, with the Vietnamese forces, . But it was also apparent that Leader and Redeemer” and “The which local food prices in some “This policy would lead no­ not only defensively, but offen­ much of the Ghanian population Great Builder and Projector of parts of Ghana rose 400 percent where,” Baldwin argues. “It would sively — in search-and-destroy and took th£ ouster in stride, and the African Personality.” between March 1963 and Decem­ mean an indefinite continuation search-and-clear missions w h ile some sections were strong sup­ In part, this demagogy was de­ ber 1964, alone, with an average of the war, with no prospect of U. S. air power harried Vietcong porters of it — particularly the signed to obscure from the popu­ national rise of 36 percent. winning, no possibility of clear­ bivouacs and sanctuaries.” Bald­ traditional chiefs whose immense lace the consequences of attempt­ But “belt-tightening,” “sacri- ing and holding the long-estab­ win then explains that escalated lished Vietcong strongholds in the bombing of north Vietnam is nec­ south ... It would mean indefinite essary to prevent possible “sanc­ stalemate — deferred defeat, de­ tuaries” for the NLF forces, and feat on the installment plan.” he concludes: Then there is the policy of im­ ‘There is no easy way out of mediate and total withdrawal of the Vietnam dilemma. But most World Events U. S. forces from Vietnam. “Such top m ilitary and State Department a course,” Baldwin states, “would officials are convinced that vic­ denial. Army sources estimate the Missing H-Bomb 'Trigger' Rebels' Wives Imprisoned mean not only that the United tory is possible — though not with deaths of between 185,000 and Taken hostage by the Belaunde States had decided to abdicate as one hand tied behind our back.” The “trigger” on that H-bomb 250,000. In the East Java d istrict government and held under shock­ a great power, not only that it (Emphasis added.) lost in Spain is plutonium, the of Malan a welfare organization ing conditions at the Chorrillos was dropping the global struggle Any clear-sighted person can Feb. 20 New York Times Maga­ has already registered 400,000 zine revealed. The trigger alone prison in Lima since last spring, to contain Communism, not only see the consequences of the war children orphaned since Octo­ plans which Johnson is undertak­ can wipe out a city like Hiroshima. six wives of leading revolutionists ber . . .” that it reneged on its pledged Unexploded, the radiation can still engaged in the guerrilla struggle word, but that it conceded com­ ing as Baldwin describes them. Already hundreds of thousands of be acute. “Plutonium is one of in Peru started a hunger strike Njono Denies 'Confession' plete defeat and was reconciled to withdrawal from Asia and the Vietnamese civilians have been the most toxic materials known Feb. 11. Indonesia’s generals are staging to man.” The 10-kilogram pack­ They are demanding that the Western Pacific. killed and made homeless, and a show trial to pin the blame for several thousand GI’s have been age remains a constant hazard, government either officially con­ the attempted September 30 coup “Such a course would surely particularly if it disintegrates in firm or deny the rumored execu­ condemn south Vietnam, Laos killed, and the U.S. has not even d’etat on the Indonesian Com­ made a dent in the “Vietcong the Mediterranean. tion of Guillermo Lobaton, one of munist Party (PKI). The trial and Cambodia to Communism, the leaders of MIR (Movement of and probably would eventually main forces.” got off to a spectacular but bad­ Battle after battle, bomb after Slay Colombia Rebel Priest the Revolutionary Left). Govern­ smelling start Feb. 14, when doom Thailand, Malaysia and the ment sources have spread the story Philippines. The consequences in bomb, leads one to-the unqualified The announcement Feb. 17 by Njono, the first defendant, re­ belief that the imperialists, plan that Lobaton, who headed one of pudiated a “confession” forced Japan would be incalculable. This the Colombian government that the active guerrilla fronts, was course,” Baldwin concludes, “ has of “winning” in Vietnam w ill lead from him by the authorities. the army had slain the rebel priest not even been contemplated.” to genocidal destruction of the killed. The MIR has issued denials Njono is a member of the cen­ Camilo Torres Restrepo touched from the underground. One of the (Emphasis added) Vietnamese population and tens of off bitter student demonstrations tral committee of the now outlaw­ thousands of American deaths, and six women is Jacquelin Lobaton, ed PKI and president of the 20- What Winning Means in Bogota. The priest was re­ the wife of Guillermo. this w ill take years and years of portedly shot in a battle between million member SOBSI (All- Finally there is the choice of bitter combat. Indonesia Central Organization of guerrillas and the army. Indonesia Soaked in Blood escalating the war, which Baldwin This is the price which Johnson ' Torres created a sensation in Trade Unions). If the rumor is defends and which had been the is willing to pay to defend his early January this year when he The purge launched by Indo­ true that D.N. Aidit, head of the im plicit choice of the Johnson ad­ word in Southeast Asia, but it is announced he had joined the Na­ nesia’s reactionary generals in PKI, was murdered by the gen­ ministration. Baldwin defines what not a price the majority of Ameri­ tional Liberation A rm y. The son their efforts to crush the Indo­ erals, then Njono is the most im­ this would mean: “ ‘Winning’ can people are willing to pay. The of an upper-class family, he had nesian Communist Party has vir­ portant defendant in this trial. means,” he states, “ the defeat and one solution which Baldwin re­ been a sociology professor and tually drenched the country in The fact that a false concession break-up of the main-force Viet­ gards as uncontemplatable in the chaplain at the National Univer­ blood. Consider the report in the was extorted out of Njono is in­ cong and north Vietnamese units citadel of war, is the only solution sity. His strong criticisms of so­ Jan. 29 London Economist: teresting in light of a report by in south Vietnam, the reduction of w hich makes any sense whatso­ cial and economic conditions in “Estimates of the number of Asahi Shinbun, Japan’s biggest terrorist and guerrilla attacks to ever, the only solution which w ill Colombia brought him into con­ killings since October range from paper, that D.N. Aidit allegedly unimportant statistics . . .” end this slaughter once and for flict with the Catholic hierarchy. 87,000 — o ffic ia lly adm itted by signed a 50-page confession be­ “ To win requires escalation,” he all, and give the Vietnamese peo­ Last summer, after he refused to the president — to gossip of 350,- fore being shot. Asahi also printed continues, “but escalation alone ple their just right to determine leave the country, he was de­ 000. Ghoulish rumours of log-jams a photo of Aidit surrounded by w ill not insure victory. The time their own future after two decades frocked. He then made a tour of of bodies in the rivers of Solo and officers as he “e.dited” the pur­ element is all-important. The of struggle: “Immediate With­ Colombia calling for the over­ Malan have reached Jakarta but ported confession. build-up in Vietnam must be drawal from Vietnam; Bring the throw of the government. there is no official confirmation or — George Saunders rapid . . . This is an added reason Boys Home, Now!” Monday, March 7, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Seven ^t&JttcAA J'hom Owi (RsadsAA

[This column is an open forum Department. can do considering the hell that should go down there and get Lending Library was printed in for all viewpoints on subjects of Many of us in England have oldsters, men, women and chil­ shot for no reason at all. The Militant. Since then we have general interest to our readers. failed miserably in following your dren of Vietnam are taking day “My brother Jose was sent to received several replies. We are Please keep your letters brief. courageous lead in opposing the and night. Fort Dix last month. When they in need of much more. Where necessary they will be escalation of American coloniza­ Pieter Romayn Clark call me down,” Pedro asserts, We are trying to establish a abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be tion in the third world. And we “they’ll have to listen. I’m going storefront operation. We are try­ used, names being withheld unless congratulate you on forming a Ghetto Draftees to put up a fight and tell my side. ing to initiate a mail library serv­ authorization is given for use.] movement such as yours amidst New York, N. Y. I’m going to tell them, ‘You have ice for those as far as 92 miles a hostile and alienated society. For most of New York’s ghetto one of my brothers already. I away who are pleading for serv­ The courage that you have have another little brother who’s ice. We are trying to work for a International Solidarity youth the draft is an inevitable shown in voicing the tru th , has part of the late teens. Many used sick with asthma. Who’s going to unified Negro voting block which London, England moved us deeply. to await their call eagerly. Some help pay the bills when he comes can get laws passed for its better­ I have recently attended a meet­ There are many movements even quit school and enlisted at home from the hospital? They ment; to draw the “poor white” ing in London demonstrating afoot* in our country, and we are 17. For these young men, the need me here.’ ” community into a block to work against the American role in Viet­ watching closely developments in service was a way out—a way out Juan, a friend of Pedro’s who with the Negroes; to organize an nam. the third world. o f the ghetto, a w ay to see the has been ordered to report next “End the War” protest march We, (citizens of London), were I feel sure that in the coming world at government expense. It month, interjected, “I don’t ap­ March 25-26 in Evansville, Ind. most pleased to be able to hear year you w ill learn of our support put off the pressure of looking for prove. I don’t approve of any­ and Hendersonj Ky. A ll this takes a sensible analysis of the struggle for your movement. And your a miserable low-paying job; it thing about it. I hope I don’t get money. of the Vietnamese people over the movement w ill feel united solved the problem of the next sent over there, but you know, We are in debt to several book past twenty odd years by Pro­ amongst the citizens of the world, meal and a decent p a ir of shoes. face it, nine chances out of ten I companies and some printers. fessor Lynd of Yale University. in opposing the forces of tyranny For those who had already mar­ w ill.” Money again! We were shocked to hear that that are cremating the people of ried, there was a guaranteed Pedro, however, w ill soon face So at a meeting last night we Professor Lynd’s passport had Vietnam with the torch of liberty. monthly allotment for dependents. the draft. Although he wasn’t voted to try a new method to been confiscated. Although it was Many of us in England give our But with the build-up in Vietnam, failing any course or truanting, he raise funds. To everyone who evident that Professor Lynd’s solid support to your cause in the there is a new mood developing. was kicked out of school two sends $3 o r more we w ill voice was too loud for the State year ahead. As one young mother in Harlem weeks ago as the result of an send an assortment of peace and J.F. put it, “It sure ain’t such a good argument with his guidance progress materials and a bulletin riiiiiiiiiiiiiiH iiim iiitim iiiiiiiiiiiiiM iiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiim iiitim iiu Malcolm X Serial deal anymore.” counsellor and is currently un­ on the Committee’s activity every employed. He will be 18 next New York, N. Y. Last year Pedro Ortiz, an East month or every two months. 10 Years Ago month. This does not mean we do not I appreciate the serialization of Harlem youth, was studying As with Pedro, the only oc­ seek contributions of under $3. Malcolm X Speaks in The M ili­ armed forces manuals and plan­ cupation of many of New York’s Even half-dollars are welcome. In The M ilitant tant. I would like to know if you ning to take a special course to ghetto teen-agers is “waiting for This also does not mean we are are running the full text of the be sure he made the grades for the draft.” Today this is a dan­ no longer asking for books or book, or only a portion? enlistment. But he’s changed his WHY KREMLIN REPUDIATED gerous occupation. literature. We still seek the things Reader mind. “ I’ve been thinking about it STALIN — The Kremlin bureau­ Debbie Hilquist we mentioned in our letter. [Only a portion. Our serializa­ and reading the newspapers. cracy came to the 29th Congress of Here’s how I figure it, if you want Richard Chinn, Chairman the Russian Communist Party, the tion is “excerpted” from the book, Renewed Aid Appeal as the caption which accompanies to know. W hy should I go down Conun. for a first since Stalin died almost three there and shoot a guy I don’t Providence, Ky. Liberal Lending Library years ago, not to pay homage to each installment states. This is partly because of space problems, know and he doesn’t know me — Recently a letter requesting aid 600 Third Ave. So. their leader and teacher but to what for? I don’t know why I for the Committee for a Liberal Providence, Ky 42450 repudiate the dead tyrant pub­ and partly because some chapters licly. They did so because Stalin of the book were originally printed had outlived his usefulness to the in The Militant in 1964 and 1965, bureaucracy. From an asset to the while Malcolm was still alive.— bureaucratic caste, the ty ra n t’s E d i t o r .] It Was Reported in the Press very name, his criminal record Castro and Trotskyism and bloody reign had turned into Note to CIA? — Washington of­ Stuart, New York garment manu­ and often taking months to obtain. Entwistle, Alta., Canada an intolerable liability. Stalin’s ficials expressed doubt that de facturers who made their pile in The state has a backlog of 10,000 Enclosed please find $10 for re­ rule had become so universally Gaulle would really pull out of ladies’ trousers, own two Rolls welfare applications, some pend­ newal o f The Militant and the hated and discredited in the eyes NATO. “Also," a New York Times Royces. One is described as fea­ ing more than a year. An applica­ International Socialist Review fo r of the Soviet masses that the Washington dispatch said, “the turing two telephones, two bars tion for welfare in Florida rarely one year. bureaucratic caste stood only to and a stereo set. The chauffeur takes less than a month to pro­ We have in Canada a committee possibility is raised here that on lose by remaining identified with A pril 4, 1969, the date when NATO tidies around with an ostrich cess. for the defense of Cuba and it him . can be revised . . . General de duster. Stalin’s heritage left his suc­ has done considerable work toward Ghettos Not Luxury-Glutted — that end. Gaulle may no longer be directing Cab Fancier — Nubar Gul- cessors w ith no solutions fo r the After an extensive study a Madi­ the destiny of the French people.” benkian, 71, an oil millionaire multiple, complex economic and Castro’s speech accusing Trot­ son Avenue m arketing research likes to sit upright in the back political problems they have to skyists of being agents of impe­ America — The New York Po­ outfit discovered that it isn’t true cope with at home, within the rialism was quite a shock. It makes lice Department says the detective seat of a car with his bowler on. that Negro ghetto dwellers spend He discovered he could do this in Soviet bloc, in relation to the ono wonder if the attack on the who walked onto the stage at all their money on such status a London cab and promptly or­ “neutralist” countries and in re­ Fourth International was a condi­ Town Hall while an anti-Vietnam- symbols as Cadillac cars. The New dered one. With extra trimmings lation to the imperialists. On the tion for continued support from war meeting was going on and Y ork Times reports: “In general, contrary, Stalin and his heritage the Soviet bureaucracy. Castro did tried to sing “God Bless America” and no m eter it cost h im $9,800, the report finds, that the Negro about double the regular price. remain the biggest obstacle not help the Cuban revolution is now on sick leave. Joel Op- market currently is practical — Khrushchev and company have to with this speech, as there is not penheimer, the poet who ran the The March of Civilization — An and convenience oriented. It is surmount. At the 20th Congress one grain of truth in it. detective off the stage, comment­ Italian firm has perfected a bat­ keyed to quality and variety in the bureaucrats unloaded Stalin J. G. B. ed: “They’ll put that detective on tery-powered fork that automat­ everyday items. Indulgence items in order to free their hands in Vietnam Fight sick leave for six weeks and then ically winds up spaghetti. are scarce.” trying to adjust themselves to their Chicago, 111. he'll be back in action, packing a gun. God bless America with that Progress Report — The Florida In the Aisles? — In a pitch for new conditions and tasks. Not a Just last Friday a fight broke Welfare Board has decided to new customers, an ad for Bran- single Russian delegate had a good cat on the loose.” out between two young workers place more trust in people who iff airlines announces that their word to say for Stalin. This is in' in their twenties. It occurred after G rin and Bear It — Luci Baines apply for aid. Statements by ap­ hostesses change uniform s as of­ sharp contrast to the 19th Con­ work in front of the small factory Johnson says she won’t work af­ plicants w ill be accepted without ten as four times on a single gress when none dared take the where th$ two are employed. The ter she marries Air National the documentation of age, length flig h t. floor without grovelling before the one young man had been chal­ Guardsman Patrick Nugent be­ of residence, etc., now required —Harry Ring “beloved leader.” lenged to a fist fight by the other cause “Paddy won’t hear of it.” Khrushchev, the main reporter, for his outspoken criticism of U.S. M r. Nugent is draw ing but $93.90 mentioned Stalin’s name once — aggression against Vietnam. The a month for his Washington desk to take note in passing that he challenger maintained that the job with the Guard but when he had meanwhile died. He then pro­ trouble in the south was caused finishes his hitch in April he re­ | ■ V H | ceeded to launch an attack on the by “outside agitators” but, felt portedly has a job waiting with cult of Stalin, without mentioning the U.S. government had all the the Senate Commerce Committee. him by name . . . right in the world to be in Viet­ Perhaps that w ill pay a bit better. Coupled with the repudiation of nam. This young man is from NEW READERS • Sweet Charity — A & P heir Stalin they offered a number of Alabama. i i The other young man felt that Huntington Hartford held a char­ material concessions to the Soviet ity ball in New York for the . If you are a new reader and would like to get better . toilers . . . the U.S. government should use the power of its military to in­ Foundation of Modem Art which acquainted, you may obtain a special four-month Intro- ’ The bureaucracy did not make he set up to finance his Gallery these material, legal and political sure freedom at home, before at­ | ductory subscription by sending this blank and $1 to | tempting to supposedly bring of Modem Art. The ball had to concessions to the Soviet masses be held at a local hotel after Mr. out of the goodness of its heart. “freedom” to Vietnam. The out­ come was indecisive. However the Hartford’s efforts to book the Especially the repudiation of Stal­ French liner, France, fell through. Southerner was bigger and did in. It marks the first major po­ Just the same, all the society peo­ litical concession imposed by mass give more punishment yet he still couldn’t win. ple present agreed it was a great the pressure upon S talin’s successors. shindig. Commented dress de­ L MILITANT ! I write this only to show that And it was the most difficult one signer Jo Copeland, “ I t ’s so re­ some Americans have decided to I 873 Broadway I for them to make . . . freshing to be associated with a speak out against this horrible I New York. N. Y. 10003 I By his pointed attack on the charitable event that’s not a war at any cost — even if it Trotskyists “ and others as the most disease.” malignant enemies of the people, means having to have a fist fight champions of the restoration of every day. That’s the least we Pants Pay — George and Lynn Name capitalism,” Khrushchev tried to fix rigid and inviolable limits to Thought for the Week the repudiation of Stalin’s past. However, political concessions by “When-you’re dropping bombs you’ve also got to tell people you’re a totalitarian regime set in mo­ dropping some bags of fertilizer:f’ — An American official in Saigon tion processes which have a logic explaining to the New York Times why Johnson’s talk about social of their own. — March 5, 1956. reform in Vietnam shouldn’t be taken too seriously. Page E ight th e MILITANT Monday, March 7, 1966 A MILITANT INTERVIEW From Air Base to Tent City By Harry Ring mediate needs and for their long- Last week a New York civil range goal. Contributions may be sent to the Poor People’s Confer­ rights activist phoned to ask if ence, Box 366, Edwards, Miss. The Militant would like to inter­ view eight young people from Mis­ I asked Mrs. Walker to tell me something about herself. She’s sissippi who had participated in the occupation of the Greenville been active in the movement since Air Force Base last month and 1961 — “SNCC, CORE, SCLC, who were now living in a tent whoever’s been doing anything.” In 1963 she lost her job as a city. presser in a cleaning and dyeing We readily agreed and I was store in Hattiesburg after she assigned to do the interview. 1 registered to vote. Since then felt a bit uneasy since I had never she’s worked full time for the tried to interview eight people at movement, teaching adult literacy one time. However, when the and p o litica l education classes in group arrived at our office and Freedom School and joining in we sat down to talk I found there whatever was going on. was no problem. She has two girls, 11 and 13, Seven of the eight were under but doesn’t see them too often 21 and rather shy. But the eighth, recently. She hasn’t been back “LET M Y PEOPLE GO.” Boyd sisters of Holmes County, Miss., Mrs. Johnnie Mae Walker, 32, is home since the Poor People’s Con­ in a moving rendition of spirituals at New York Militant Labor a wonderfully articulate person ference a month ago. Forum Feb. 25. They appeared along with Mrs. Johnnie Mae and while she and the group insist How do they manage? “God Walker on behalf of fellow residents of tent city which they estab­ they have no spokesman it became knows,” she replied. “The com­ quickly apparent that she is a munity takes care of them best lished after being thrown off Greenville Air Force Base by U.S. spokesman in the best sense of they can. The older girl is active troops. A fter Mrs. W alker spoke a collection was taken. Despite the w ofd. Johnnie Mae Walker in the Mississippi Student Union fact that the particular meeting was a small one, nearly $140 was Mrs. Walker described how the and she understands what I’m do­ contributed. idea for the move-in on the army place else to go so we decided ing. The little one wants to know barracks developed at the Poor they’d have to throw us out.” why I’m gone. I tell her I’m fight­ a plain ol’ ‘boy’ again — no job, colored. But the Negroes, in the Peoples Conference called by sev­ While they were being evicted, ing for what my mother should nothing. ( last three, four 'years, have had have fought for —so they won’t eral civil rights groups and at­ Mrs. Walker had a heart attack. “According to the government,” the courage to do something about tended by some 800 Mississippians With newsmen and TV cameramen have to go through what I went she explained, “ even though we it.” through.” in M t. Beulah Jan. 28-31. There on the scene, the arm y officials didn’t have homes, we were wrong “There’s few things the white were a lot of people there who were apparently concerned not to $17 Million A Day to move into that a ir base. It’s man is learning,” she said. “Some have been forced off the planta­ have a fatality and an army doc­ We got onto the subject of Viet­ the same with the people in Viet­ of them never knew how bad they tions, some who took part in a tor was rushed in. Mrs. Walker nam. ’’How in the world,” she ex­ nam. From the government’s were being cheated on the farm Mississippi Freedom Labor Union refused to let him treat her. claimed, “can this country spend point of view, what they’re try­ until we did something about it.” strike last May, others who are $17 million a day there when a ing to do is wrong. She told a m oving story of a the victims of mechanization. “They talk about humanity,” she said in icy anger, “the way third of this country is starving “But I don’t see things the way little step in the right direction the government does,” she added. What happens, Mrs. Walker ex­ they treat us. I said, ‘Don’t let him to death!” made by one poor white. “We had plained, is that a plantation own­ touch me.’ I didn’t want to be a „ VOne lady at the barracks said “Those people over there are fight­ a relief line in Baseville, Missis­ ing for the same things I am.” er will get some labor-saving part of this country and I didn’t her son is 18 and soon he’ll be sippi,” she recalled, “ the people I asked about the whites in Mis­ equipment and simply force work­ want this country touching me.’ ready for the draft. She said she’s from up North sent food for the sissippi, if there was any change. ers off his land. A man w ill show So they put me in an ambulance going to discourage him from go­ hungry people there. This white The youngsters felt not. But Mrs. up, she said, and just cut off the and took me to a clinic in Green­ ing. If I had a boy I’d do the same man came and got in that line Walker said there might be the electricity at the shacks. Then the v ille .” thing. with all the colored people. It took local store cuts off credit. There’s “You know,” she continued, beginning of a change. She rested at the clinic for five a lot of courage for him to do nothing left to do but get out. “small things happen in this coun­ “The white people in the South that. First we didn’t know what hours and then left. try that people don’t even notice. — the poor ones — they’ve got a to do. We debated for 30 minutes Flew In Troops W hy so soon? I asked. She They take a Negro, put him in problem, but they’re afraid to deal whether or not to give him any­ When the participants in the shrugged. “ We had 180 people and uniform, teach him to kill and w ith it,” she said. “ In Mississippi thing. Then we came to the idea Poor People’s Conference got to no place to put them.” he’s a ‘man.’ It’s over and he’s there’s more poor whites than that if a man’s hungry, feed him.” the Greenville A ir Force Base they First they moved to a tent city started setting up stoves and beds at Mt. Beulah, but it was too cold but the leaders didn’t really ex­ and wet there, she said, and peo­ THE INDONESIAN EVENTS pect they would be able to stay ple were getting sick. lor long. “We knew the troops Then a private citizen offered would come,” Mrs. Walker said. them 60 acres near Philadelphia, “ They got there in less than 24 Miss. and 70 to 80 of them set up hours. Flew them in.” a tent city there. Sukarno in Move Against Right Recalling that Philadelphia is “ The idea wasn’t just for a dem­ where the three young civil rights onstration,” Mrs. Walker ex­ (World Outlook) — The deep in­ demonstration. Instead, troops to slash deeply into the standard workers were murdered in 1963, I plained, “We wanted to stay there. stability of the Indonesian situa­ kept machine guns trained on the of living. asked if they didn’t anticipate There’s a lot of barracks there not tion received dramatic confirma­ crowd. Nasution and his entourage had trouble. being used. The governm ent says tion w ith Sukarno’s success Feb. Sukarno followed up by ban­ no program whatsoever offering “ Trouble? I don’t th in k so,” she it’s concerned about poverty and 21 in removing General Nasution ning the student organization and even a plausible way out. Their replied. “They don’t want to we didn’t have no place to go so from a position of central author­ ordering a curfew in Jakarta. program consisted of nothing but come near us. People have a very we decided to move into the base.” ity to which even Sukarno him­ Two factors account for this the grossest kind of anti-Com- violent reaction to that stuff. “Then a general came from the self had been forced to bow since abrupt alteration in the relative munism accompanied by a fearful They’re tired of being pushed Air Force Base at Biloxi. Said Oct. 1. positions of Nasution and Su­ blood purge. There was nothing around.” we’d have to leave. Said he was It appeared that Nasution was karno. attractive about this. Thus the acting on orders from the Com- 80-Acre Offer firm ly in the saddle; that Sukarno The first is that no improve­ generals represented only narrow mander-in-Chief. Everyone knew was being retained as a figure­ ment of even the most ephemeral class forces and failed to advance who that was. Said if we didn’t So they’re staying in their tent head; and that the generals would kind occurred in the steadily a demagogic platform that might go peacefully they’d have to re­ city and have set their sights on a proceed along the reactionary worsening economic situation in have widened their appeal. move us. But we didn’t have no much bigger goal. They have been course they had begun, eventually Indonesia after the generals The second factor was a split offered another 80 acres of tim - bringing Indonesia fully into the seized the helm on Oct. 1. Infla­ among the generals. This is clear­ berland adjoining the 60 acres they o rb it of U.S. im perialism . tion, for example, has continued ly evident in Nasution’s incapa­ AAli li Takes Takes Dim Dim View View now have and they would like to Reactionary sectors of the stu­ city to counter Sukarno’s latest build a regular city there and dents who had spearheaded the moves by a military coup d’etat, Ofof Vietnam Vietnam War War establish some kind of an indus­ drive to physically liquidate all for example. Part of the officer try, perhaps one that could make the key figures in the Indonesian caste, fo r whatever reasons, use of the available tim ber. Communist Party, staged demon­ cooled off on General Nasution The standing of Muham­ It was the hope of realizing this mad Ali, world’s heavy­ strations on behalf of Nasution. A and swung behind Sukarno, ena­ goal that brought 'these young bling him to strengthen his hand weight boxing champion, hit crowd of some hundreds marched people to New York. They are on the presidential palace Feb. 24, somewhat. a new low among boxing of­ looking for publicity and some but instead of receiving support Already Sukarno has given in­ ficials and Johnson adminis­ way to begin to raise the kind of from the army, as on previous oc­ timations that he would like to tration fight fans, while money that would be needed to casions, troops fired in their direc­ restore the Communist Party as reaching a new high among set such a project off the ground. tion, killing three of the partici­ a counterweight to the army. But Americans opposed to the Among the eight are the Boyd pants. Some were wounded by this may not be easy. The party sisters, four teen-agers who sing war in Vietnam, when he bayonets. was decimated by the purge. spirituals very beautifully and the Those who survived are un­ refused to back down on his group thought they might be able “Funeral March” objection to being given a doubtedly mulling over the les­ to perform before civil rights On the following day, the re­ sons, and one of the lessons is not 1-A draft classification. groups and others to help their actionary Indonesian Student to depend on Sukarno. When told about his new project along. Action Front organized a “funeral The situation in Indonesia re­ draft status, the famed Meanwhile they have the prob­ march” of some 10,000 partici­ mains highly fluid and Sukarno’s fighter said, “I ’m a member lem of simply keeping the tent pants. The demonstration pro­ new lease on life could prove to of the Black Muslims and we city dwellers going. I asked what tested the killing of the three stu­ be quite temporary. The ultra­ don’t go to wars unless they the people down there are eating. dents the day before, shouted reactionary forces are not exactly One of the young men shrugged against Sukarno’s “new Com­ are declared by Allah him­ out of the running. If Nasution and replied: “ Rice, vbeans, fa t- munist cabinet,” and called for self . . . I don’t have no per­ proves incapable of playing the back, water.” the reinstatement of General role of military dictator, there are sonal quarrel w ith those Contributions are needed to help Nasution. other candidates eager to move Vietcong.” the tent city dwellers in their im­ The army did not join in the Sukarno forw ard.