DOCSLIB.ORG

Big Ideas (Formulated As Questions) Need to Know Be Familiar with the French Revolution and the Origins of Human Rights

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Big Ideas (Formulated As Questions) Need to Know Be Familiar with the French Revolution and the Origins of Human Rights The French Revolution and the Origins of Human Rights Be familiar with • Be able to recognize, define, describe, memorize, recall • Assessed through matching, ordering or placing events in sequence or on a timeline, fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice • Define: Cahiers de doléances; Three Estates; Estates General; National Assembly; Third Estate • Describe how the following contributed to the French Revolution: Abbe Sieyes; Louis XVI; Marie Antoinette; Maximlien Robespierre; Napoleon Bonaparte • Recall general causes of the French Revolution • Recognize the importance of major events in the French Revolution: Tennis Court Oath; Storming of Bastille; The Great Fear; Women’s March; Civil Constitution of the Clergy; King’s Flight to Varenne; attacks on the Tuileries; Reign of Terror • Recognize and distinguish political ideas of John Locke; Thomas Paine; Thomas Jefferson; Baron de Montesquieu; Cesare Beccaria; Mary Wollstonecraft; Jean-Jacques Rousseau; Voltaire Need to Know • Be able to explain, paraphrase, compare, distinguish, interpret, summarize • Assessed through writing, multiple choice, and in some cases, ordering events • Explain major ideas of the Declaration of Rights of Man • Distinguish between the major phases of the French Revolution and approximate time frame. • Explain the arguments for and against human rights being extended to Religious Minorities; Questionable Professions; Free Blacks and Slaves; Women • Distinguish between political and civil rights; • Summarize divine right theory; general will; human rights; natural rights Big Ideas (Formulated as Questions) • Be able to interpret, evaluate, differentiate, organize, construct, formulate • Assessed through writing, discussion, debate • What are the arguments for and against human rights being extended to: Religious Minorities and Questionable Professions (group A), Free Blacks and Slaves (group B), and Women (group C)? Timeline: c. 1680s • Some of the major 1600s domestic events of the French Revolution • None of the wars fought by France are listed. 1760 5 May: First Meeting of Estates General 1774 Enlightenment Era 20 June: Tennis Court Oath Era of Agricultural of Agricultural Era Revolution 14 July: Bastille Stormed 1789 17 July-3 August: Great Fear 1789 26 August: Decl. of Rights of Man Louis XVI 5 Oct: Women’s March 1700s 12 July: Civil Constitution of Clergy 1790 Political Clubs grow in power Sans Culottes politically active 20 June: King’s Flight to Varennes 1791 Aug: St. Domingue Slave Revolts September: Constitution accepted by king National 20 June: 1st Attack on Tuileries 1792 Revolution of Industrial Era 21 Sept. Convention 10 Aug: 2nd Attack on Tuileries 1792-26 Writes New 22 September: Republic declared Oct 1795 Constitution 21 Jan: Louis XVI Guillotined 1793 Sept: Reign of Terror Begins 16 Oct: Marie Antoinette Guillotined July: Reign of Terror de-escalated 1794 New Constitution and Directory 1795 1799 Napoleonic Era 1815 What you note depends upon the questions we seek to answer and their potential significance to answering the questions..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacques-Louis David's 'Oath of the Tennis Court'
    EXTENSION ACTIVITIES – Jacques-Louis David’s ‘Oath of the Tennis Court’, 1791 Read the discussion of Jacques-Louis-David’s ‘Oath of the Tennis Court’ (1791) on p. 3-8 of this handout. Then complete the following extension activities: 1. One of the big problems which faced David as the Revolution progressed was that many of the figures to whom he had given prominence in the 1791 drawing fell from favour as political conditions changed. Using Liberating France (including the Who’s Who) and other sources, find out what happened to Mounier, Mirabeau, Bailly, Barère, Barnave, and Robespierre. Then research the clergymen, Abbé Grégoire and Abbé Sieyès. 2. David alludes to the popular movement which became known as the sans-culottes through the strong and robust figure in the red bonnet of liberty in the lower left hand corner. Referring to Liberating France (including the Section B Timeline), write a paragraph to outline the role played by the sans-culottes movement from 10 August 1792 until the days of Germinal and Prairial Year III, (1 April and 20-23 May 1795). 3. Using Liberating France (including the Who’s Who) and other sources, outline David’s revolutionary career – both as a painter and as a politician. In your answer consider the importance his paintings and drawings 1789-1795, and his role in organising public ceremonies. Then investigate his political activities as a deputy in the National Convention. 4. David uses at least eight revolutionary ideas in his 1791 study of the Tennis Court Oath. Locate them and any other revolutionary ideas not mentioned in the summary above.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Sourire De Marie-Antoinette: La Mort En Surimpression Dans Mémoires D'outre-Tombe
    Le Sourire de Marie-Antoinette: La mort en surimpression dans Mémoires d'outre-tombe Dominique Jullien Nineteenth-Century French Studies, Volume 46, Numbers 3 & 4, Spring-Summer 2018, pp. 324-341 (Article) Published by University of Nebraska Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2018.0002 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/692201 Access provided by University of California , Santa Barbara (8 May 2018 02:04 GMT) Le Sourire de Marie- Antoinette La mort en surimpression dans Mémoires d’outre- tombe Dominique Jullien In book fi ve of the Mémoires d’outre- tombe Chateaubriand recalls Marie- Antoinette, superimposing the memory of her smile with that of her skull exhumed in 1815. Starting with this hallucinatory overlay (smiling woman / grimacing skull) this article discusses the kinship between Chateaubriand’s writing of memory and the various optical techniques popular at the time, including daguerreotypes, dioramas, waxworks, fantasmagorias, ghost photography, stereoscopy, double exposures, etc. Focusing mainly on the memoir’s female portraits, I show that, while they are obviously indebted to the venerable tradition of the vanitas, they also owe something to modern illusionistic spectacles, and I explore the affi nity between the techniques of image mobility and memory phenomena, which were naturally troped in terms of the new optical inventions. (In French) Dans un épisode célèbre du livre cinq des Mémoires d’outre- tombe, Chateaubriand évoque sa rencontre avec Marie- Antoinette et le souvenir de son sourire, avec, en surimpression macabre, l’image de son crâne reconnu lors des exhumations de 1815: Elle me fi t, en me jetant un regard avec un sourire, ce salut gracieux qu’elle m’avait déjà fait le jour de ma présentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Shaping Nationalism
    Shaping Nationalism The French Revolution • The French Revolution marked a turning point for European Nationalism • Marked the transition from Absolute Monarch to Republic The History Behind It • The revolution had been growing for some time, but the catalyst was the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 • It was a prison and its capture by the mob was symbolic of the overtaking of tyranny • The news of the Bastilles capture spread across France and inspired people to take up arms against the king and aristocracy • It inspired the feeling that they were a nation and could govern themselves. • The idea of being the French Nation had entered the peoples’ collective consciousness • In pre-revolutionary France, society was divided into strict social order. • The Monarch, aristocracy and high-ranking clergy held most power Estates-General • The Estates General was an elected body of three groups 1. First Estate- clergy 2. Second Estate- aristocrats 3. Third Estate- common people • First and Second Estates tended to side together and outvote the Third. • June 1789, the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly and swore the Tennis Court Oath • France was influenced by the Renaissance ideas • Paris became the cultural capital of Europe • People were exposed to new ideas that questioned the nobility • Prior to the revolution, there was a growing middle class called the bourgeoisie. They were prosperous professionals and began to demand more say in decision making. Financial Factors • France had been at war and was basically broke
    [Show full text]
  • French Revolution 1789–1795
    French Revolution 1789–1795 EVENTS THE THREE ESTATES 1789 May 1789 King Louis XVI of France calls a meeting of the Estates General (elected body of representatives from the Before the Revolution of 1789, three estates of French society; last convened in 1614) to French society was divided into solve financial crisis. Dispute begins over members’ powers three classes called estates. Members of the 3rd Estate were Jun 1789 Representatives of 3rd Estate declare themselves a denied the privileges of the 1st and National Assembly and swear, in the Tennis Court Oath, to 2nd estates. Revolutionaries fought draw up a new constitution for France. Members of 1st and against the injustice of this system, 2nd Estates join the National Assembly known as the “Old Regime.” Jul 1789 The Bastille (armory and political prison in Paris) is stormed by citizens after rumors that the King intends to 1st Estate suppress the National Assembly. Radicals form Paris Clergy of the Catholic Church 1790 Commune (to govern city) and National Guard volunteer (about 1% of population) force (to protect revolution). The Great Fear: peasant mobs ● Exempt from taxation overrun rural estates; many nobles leave France (they are ● Owned 20% of the land known as émigrés) ● Received annual payment of 10% of all citizens’ income Aug 1789 Rule of National Assembly begins (to Oct 1791) Aug 1789 Assembly issues the Declaration of the Rights of 2nd Estate Man (revolutionary manifesto and bill of human rights). Members of the nobility (about 2% Nobles and clergy agree to give up special
    [Show full text]
  • Napoleon Reversing the French Revolution. HIST 3000 (Chicago
    Napoleon Reversing the French Revolution. HIST 3000 (Chicago Style) Napoleon Bonaparte turned France into a police state during his reign.1 However, he did not continue the French Revolution as the French people hoped. The French Revolution brought forth liberty and to do as ones will if it does not harm another.2 A new document brought by the French Revolution embodying these principles was the French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen in 1789.3 This Declaration stated under article 11 that there was to be a free flow of ideas and opinions in writing and the press.4 Article 7 outlawed any cruel harsh punishment and arbitrary sentencing.5 However, Napoleon reversed these fundamental principles of the French Revolution. Writers, the press, along with the French people were subjected to the General police and prefects and were banned from saying anything controversial, against his regime, anything about France’s revolutionary past, and against France’s allies.6 Arbitrary, cruel punishments, and harsh rules were enacted by Napoleon through the Penal Code in 1810.7 Napoleon did not continue the French Revolution and reversed it by turning France into a police state and monitored and censored the French people, the press, and writers. French Revolution embodiment The French Revolution exemplifies liberty and freedom.8 This was what the revolutionaries were fighting for during the revolution of 1789, and was not given to the French people during the Ancient Regime.9 The French Revolution, particularly the revolution of 1789, exemplified the 1 Philip G. Dwyer, Napoleon and Europe (Great Britain: Longman, 2001), Pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Marie Antoinette
    Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER 0. Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER - Story Preface 1. A ROYAL CHILDHOOD 2. THE YOUNG ANTOINETTE 3. WEDDING at the PALACE of VERSAILLES 4. DEATH of LOUIS XV 5. A GROWING RESENTMENT 6. CHILDREN of MARIE ANTOINETTE 7. THE DIAMOND NECKLACE AFFAIR 8. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 9. EXECUTION of LOUIS XVI 10. THE GUILLOTINE 11. TRIAL of MARIE ANTOINETTE 12. MARIE ANTOINETTE and the GUILLOTINE 13. Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER 14. DNA EVIDENCE and LOUIS XVII Jean-Louis Prieur (1759-1795) created this illustration of Louis-Charles, the French Dauphin, depicting his treatment in prison. The title of this 1794 work is: Simon le cordonnier et Louis XVII au Temple (“Simon the Shoemaker and Louis XVII at the Temple”). Once his father was executed, royalists referred to the Dauphin as King Louis XVII. The illustration is maintained at the BnF and is online via Gallica (the BnF’s digitized gallery). Louis-Charles, the orphaned son of a king and—to royalists—a king (Louis XVII) himself, would have been better off had his captors simply killed him. Instead, he endured unimaginable conditions in Temple prison, existing in a room above his sister. When first imprisoned, he was a bright, good-looking child: ...his blue eyes, aquiline nose, elevated nostrils, well-defined mouth, pouting lips, chestnut hair parted in the middle and falling in thick curls on his shoulders, resembled his mother before her years of tears and torture. All the beauty of his race, by both descents, seemed to reappear in him. (Campan, Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Supplement to Chapter IX - scroll down 60%.) An acquaintance of Robespierre, Antoine Simon (often called "Simon the shoemaker"), was charged with caring for the young prince.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Things You Should Know About the Declarations of the Rights of Man and Woman
    Five Things You Should Know about the Declarations of the Rights of Man and Woman 1. TENNIS, ANYONE? The National Assembly of France, governing after the outbreak of the French Revolution, approved the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The National Assembly, the vestiges of the delegation of the Third Estate (everyone in France except the nobility and the clergy) delegation to the Estates-General, tried to create a new governing body and was locked out of its meeting room. In 1789, its members met at a nearby tennis court to swear an oath (known as the Tennis Court Oath) not to disband until they gave France a constitution. They began by proposing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. 2. AN AMERICAN HERO: Much of the declaration was taken from a draft done by General Marquis de Lafayette, a liberal and a heroic participant in the American Revolution as well as a hero at home in France, at the request of the National Assembly during the summer of 1789. He was ultimately disappointed in the more radical course of the revolution. 3. AN ENLIGHTENED PROPOSAL: The declaration reads as a tribute to the ideas of the Enlightenment. It embodies the ideas of John Locke’s theories of natural rights and social contract, Montesquieu’s separation of powers, Rousseau’s idea of general will, and Voltaire’s thoughts on equality and free speech. Another major influence was the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States. In all, seventeen articles were published, creating a document based on universal principles that encouraged further discussion of human rights and demanded clarification of the definition of “man and citizen.” The ideas of the Declaration of the Rights of Man were upheld in the 1791 constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Revolution
    englIsh CHRONOLOGY OF THE REVOLUTION IN LYON TOPIC ROOM 18: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 7 February 1790: Plundering of the Arsenal Imbert-Colomès ordered the muscadins to relieve the National Guard at the Arsenal, but the Guard, as representatives of the people, objected, took up arms and won the day, plundering the Arsenal. Colomès fled and tried to make Lyon the capital of royalist France, a place where emigrants could seek refuge. The Tricolour cockade, the cockade population immediately denounced this royalist conspiracy. of the lyon army during the siege of lyon in 1793, fabric, 1793, Inv. 513 The period of support (1789-1792) 14 March 1789: General Assembly of the three orders in the Cordeliers church In anticipation of the Estates General at Versailles in May 1789, a General Assembly composed of 300 clergymen, 317 noblemen and 350 delegates from the city and the surrounding area met at the Cordeliers church. It decided that each order would elect its own deputies and prepare a list of grievances. The third estate’s list included a demand for the abolition of the “octroi” taxes*, who se value had been increasing since the beginning of the 18th c. Plundering of the lyon arsenal, 7 February 1790, lithograph, 30 June - 5 July 1789: Berthault, 18th c., Inv. 55.80.4 July riots The failure of the debates at Versailles, the proclamation of 30 June 1790: the “National Assembly” by the third estate (17 June) and the Festival of the Federation Tennis Court Oath (20 June) led the king once again to invite As a prelude to the celebration of the Federation organised in the three new orders to debate.
    [Show full text]
  • Ebook Download Madame Du Barry and Her Quite Interesting Origins
    MADAME DU BARRY AND HER QUITE INTERESTING ORIGINS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Sean Caruana Webster | 66 pages | 01 Nov 2020 | Independently Published | 9798674255734 | English | none Madame du Barry and her Quite Interesting Origins PDF Book Joan Haslip's classic biography shares the extraordinary and ultimately tragic story of du Barry's life and, in turn, illustrates the dazzling world of the eighteenth century royal court of France and the horrors of the Revolution. Lyra Lyra is passionate about dancing, reading and drifting through the city's streets. Including wigs. Designed for intensive technical use, such as through equestrian use, these slim fit jeans are designed to last a lifetime of usage while looking damn good doing it. She was known to have a beautiful voice. Fame is where you find it. Jan 26, Sylvia Zedler rated it really liked it. We respect your privacy. This post originally appeared on F Yeah History and is reprinted here with permission. It was a fact that Marie Antoinette had rather close relationships with some of her male admirers. I just started reading the book a few days ago but what got me a bit confused about the facts is the D. What made this even worse was the fact that her son was indoctrinated by the revolutionaries and made to believe that his mother was all wrong. Marie Antoinette by Joseph Ducreux. Well, that would certainly be fitting for a French Queen. James McKinney rated it really liked it Mar 11, There you have it, all about the life of Marie Antoinette! Convents, not the natural home for teenage sass….
    [Show full text]
  • H-France Review Volume 17 (2017) Page 1
    H-France Review Volume 17 (2017) Page 1 H-France Review Vol. 17 (September 2017), No. 152 Sophie Wahnich, La Révolution française n’est pas un mythe. Paris: Klincksieck, 2017. 247 pp. Notes. 25.00€ (pb). ISBN 978-2-252-04052-2. Review by Timothy Scott Johnson, Texas A & M University Corpus Christi To many historians of France, and in particular historians of the French Revolution, a study focused on readings of Jean-Paul Sartre, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Michel Foucault might seem of improbable relevance. However, Sophie Wahnich’s La Révolution française n’est pas un mythe makes a compelling case that engaging with these three thinkers’ views of history has significant historiographical and methodological value. Out of these three thinkers, Sartre is the only one who could be seen as engaging directly with the history of the Revolution, both in published and unpublished works. Yet it is Wahnich’s contention that the debates between these figures over the practice and epistemological status of history that began in the 1960s have influenced the historiography of the Revolution from the 1970s onward. At the center of this wide-ranging study is the claim that what began as an argument between Sartre, Lévi-Strauss, and Foucault about the status and practice of history eventually affected scholarly debates and practices within French Revolutionary studies and the attitude with which the French Revolution is approached today. Sartre’s Critique de la raison dialectique, published in 1960, attempted to reconcile his existentialist philosophy focused on the process of human freedom asserting itself with a Marxist vision of history.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Interpretation of Jacques-Louis David's
    Originalveröffentlichung in: Bryson, Norman (Hrsg.): Visual culture : images and interpretations, Middletown, Conn. 1994, S. 202-227 WOLFGANG KEMP The Theater of Revolution: A New Interpretation of Jacques-Louis David's Tennis Court Oath A S artistes manquees, as would-be artists, we art historians feel a strong inclination toward the great unfinished projects. Here we JL JL are not only entitled but asked to complete what was left frag­ mentary. But especially in the case of works that never stood the test of realization, we are tempted to do what we do more often than not to normal works of art: We transfer them to a kind of ideal space, severing their bonds to function, place, and viewer. In this chapter, I present a new interpretation for a famous fragment, using it to demonstrate the decisiveness of a work's function and place of destination, especially in this case of a bold and failed design. In the case of David's Tennis Court Oath, we find authorization in an argument that David himself put forward some years after he began the painting. He said: To be sure, France does not really love the Fine Arts. An affected taste rules. Even if Italy's masterpieces are met in France with great enthusiasm, one regards them in reality as curiosities or treasures. The place a work of art occupies, the distance which you have to overcome in order to see it, these factors contribute in a special way to the work's aesthetic value. In particular the paintings which previously served as church ornament lose much of their attraction and power when they do not remain at the place for which they were made.1 I shall give you only a very short summary of the well-known facts about the Tennis Court Oath.2 On zo July 1789, the six hundred depu­ ties of the Third Estate met in a tennis court at Versailles, after the king had kept them away from their normal meeting place.
    [Show full text]