Evaluation of ISC3, AERMOD, and ADMS Dispersion Models with Observations from Five Field Sites
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Part II: Practical Uses of Air Modeling in Litigation And
Air Modeling as a Tool in Environmental Law and Policy: A Guide for Communities and Environmental Groups Part II: Practical Uses of Air Modeling in Litigation and Regulatory Contexts Clean Air Council 135 South 19th Street Suite 300 Philadelphia, PA 19103 (215) 567-4004 www.cleanair.org September 16, 2016 Authors and Purpose The authors are attorneys at the Clean Air Council at its headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The attorneys working on this White Paper were: Augusta Wilson, Esq., Aaron Jacobs-Smith, Esq., Benjamin Hartung, Esq., Christopher D. Ahlers, Esq., and Joseph Otis Minott, Esq., Executive Director and Chief Counsel. Clean Air Council is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) corporation with headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Acknowledgments The Clean Air Council thanks the Colcom Foundation. This paper would not have been possible without its generous funding and support. The authors would also like to thank Jini Chatterjee, Tessa Roberts and Paul Townsend, students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School’s Environmental Law Project, who conducted invaluable research for this paper, and Sonya Shea, who supervised their work at the Environmental Law Project. Disclaimer This paper is intended as a general introduction to the law and policy of air modeling under the Clean Air Act. Nothing in this paper is intended, nor shall it be construed as creating an attorney-client relationship or providing legal advice. © 2016 Clean Air Council 135 S. 19th Street Suite 300 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................1 1. Use of Air Modeling to Support Tort Claims .....................................................................2 a. Challenges to the Use of Particular Modeling Software or to Underlying Assumptions .............................................................................................................2 b. -
Table of Contents
CALPUFF Modeling System Version 6 User Instructions April 2011 Section 1: Introduction Table of Contents Page 1. OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 CALPUFF Version 6 Modeling System............................................................... 1-1 1.2 Historical Background .......................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Overview of the Modeling System ....................................................................... 1-7 1.4 Major Model Algorithms and Options................................................................. 1-19 1.4.1 CALMET................................................................................................ 1-19 1.4.2 CALPUFF............................................................................................... 1-23 1.5 Summary of Data and Computer Requirements .................................................. 1-28 2. GEOPHYSICAL DATA PROCESSORS.......................................................................... 2-1 2.1 TERREL Terrain Preprocessor............................................................................. 2-3 2.2 Land Use Data Preprocessors (CTGCOMP and CTGPROC) ............................. 2-27 2.2.1 Obtaining the Data.................................................................................. 2-27 2.2.2 CTGCOMP - the CTG land use data compression program .................. 2-29 2.2.3 CTGPROC - the land use preprocessor -
Air Dispersion Modeling Guidelines
Air Quality Modeling Guidelines for Arizona Air Quality Permits PREPARED BY: FACILITIES EMISSIONS CONTROL SECTION AIR QUALITY DIVISION ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY November 1, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview of Regulatory Modeling ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of an Air Quality Modeling Analysis .......................................................... 2 1.3 Authority for Modeling ............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Acceptable Models.................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Overview of Modeling Protocols and Checklists ..................................................... 4 1.6 Overview of Modeling Reports ................................................................................ 5 2 LEVELS OF MODELING ANALYSIS SOPHISTICATION .................................. 5 2.1 Screening Models or Screening Techniques ............................................................. 6 2.1.1 Screening Models for Near-Field Assessments ................................................. 6 2.1.2 Screening Techniques for Long-Range Transport Assessments ....................... 7 2.2 Refined Modeling ..................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 AERMOD ......................................................................................................... -
10.5 Development of a Wrf-Aermod Tool for Use in Regulatory Applications
10.5 DEVELOPMENT OF A WRF-AERMOD TOOL FOR USE IN REGULATORY APPLICATIONS Toree Myers-Cook*, Jon Mallard, and Qi Mao Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) ABSTRACT available. For rural sources, the closest representative NWS station may be greater than 50- The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has developed 100 kilometers away. Furthermore, NWS data a WRF-AERMOD tool which transforms the Weather limitations - instrumentation limits, missing data, and Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output into lack of surface parameters required by AERMET - the meteorological input needed by AERMOD have motivated the EPA to explore the use of (AERMAP/AERMET/AERMOD), the EPA- prognostic meteorological models, specifically MM5 recommended model for short-range dispersion (Brode 2008), which can provide a timely and spatially modeling. The tool was used to model 2002 comprehensive meteorological dataset for input to emissions from TVA’s Allen Fossil (ALF) Plant in AERMOD. The EPA has been testing an in-house Memphis, Tennessee. Modeling using NWS data MM5-AERMOD tool for possible use in future was also performed and results were compared. regulatory applications. However, since MM5 is no Analyses of modeling results showed several longer supported by its developers and the WRF differences between the two approaches, with much (Weather Research Forecasting) model is now of the inconsistencies attributed to four main findings. considered the state-of-the-art meteorological model First, the NWS-AERMOD approach tended to stay to replace it, TVA developed a WRF-AERMOD tool more unstable in the summer and stable in the winter that takes WRF three-dimensional meteorological with unrealistically high mechanical boundary layer output (surface and upper air) and transforms it into (MBL) heights. -
Atmospheric Deposition of Pcbs in the Spokane River Watershed
Atmospheric Deposition of PCBs in the Spokane River Watershed March 2019 Publication No. 19-03-003 Publication Information This report is available on the Department of Ecology’s website at https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1903003.html. Data for this project are available at Ecology’s Environmental Information Management (EIM) website: www.ecology.wa.gov/eim/index.htm, search Study ID BERA0013. The Activity Tracker Code for this study is 16-032. Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) and 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) numbers for the study area: WRIAs HUC numbers 56 – Hangman 17010305 57 – Middle Spokane 17010306 Contact Information Publications Coordinator Environmental Assessment Program P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Phone: (360) 407–6764 Washington State Department of Ecology – www.ecology.wa.gov. Headquarters, Olympia (360) 407-6000 Northwest Regional Office, Bellevue (425) 649-7000 Southwest Regional Office, Olympia (360) 407-6300 Central Regional Office, Union Gap (509) 575-2490 Eastern Regional Office, Spokane (509) 329-3400 Cover photo: Atmospheric deposition samplers on the roof of the Spokane Clean Air Agency Building. Photo by Brandee Era-Miller. Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the author or the Department of Ecology. Accommodation Requests: To request ADA accommodation, including materials in a format for the visually impaired, call Ecology at 360-407-6764, or visit https://ecology.wa.gov/ accessibility. People with impaired hearing may call Washington Relay Service at 711. People with speech disability may call TTY at 877-833-6341. -
Machine Learning Approaches for Outdoor Air Quality Modelling: a Systematic Review
applied sciences Review Machine Learning Approaches for Outdoor Air Quality Modelling: A Systematic Review Yves Rybarczyk 1,2 and Rasa Zalakeviciute 1,* 1 Intelligent & Interactive Systems Lab (SI2 Lab), Universidad de Las Américas, 170125 Quito, Ecuador; [email protected] 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, CTS/UNINOVA, Nova University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-593-23-981-000 Received: 15 November 2018; Accepted: 8 December 2018; Published: 11 December 2018 Abstract: Current studies show that traditional deterministic models tend to struggle to capture the non-linear relationship between the concentration of air pollutants and their sources of emission and dispersion. To tackle such a limitation, the most promising approach is to use statistical models based on machine learning techniques. Nevertheless, it is puzzling why a certain algorithm is chosen over another for a given task. This systematic review intends to clarify this question by providing the reader with a comprehensive description of the principles underlying these algorithms and how they are applied to enhance prediction accuracy. A rigorous search that conforms to the PRISMA guideline is performed and results in the selection of the 46 most relevant journal papers in the area. Through a factorial analysis method these studies are synthetized and linked to each other. The main findings of this literature review show that: (i) machine learning is mainly applied in Eurasian and North American continents and (ii) estimation problems tend to implement Ensemble Learning and Regressions, whereas forecasting make use of Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines. -
Feasibility Study: Modelling Environmental Concentrations of Chemicals from Emission Data
EEA Technical report No 8/2007 Feasibility study: modelling environmental concentrations of chemicals from emission data ISSN 1725-2237 EEA Technical report No 8/2007 Feasibility study: modelling environmental concentrations of chemicals from emission data Cover design: EEA Layout: Diadeis and EEA Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Communities. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the copyright holder. For translation or reproduction rights please contact EEA (address information below). Information about the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007 ISBN 978-92-9167-925-6 ISSN 1725-2237 © EEA, Copenhagen, 2007 European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 33 36 71 00 Fax: +45 33 36 71 99 Web: eea.europa.eu Enquiries: eea.europa.eu/enquiries Contents Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... -
Dispersion V3.23
Volume 2 Airviro User’s Reference Working with the Dispersion Module How to simulate the dispersion of pollutants Working with the Dispersion Module How to simulate the dispersion of pollutants Amendments Version Date changed Cause of change Signature 3.11 Ago2007 Upgrade GS 3.12 January2009 Upgrade GS 3.13 January2009 Upgrade GS 3.20 May 2010 Upgrade GS 3.21 Dec 2010 Upgrade GS 3.21 June 2012 Review GS 3.22 April 2013 Release GS 3.23 Jan 2014 Upgrade GS 3.23 January 2014 Review GS 3.23 June 2015 Review GS Contents 2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Why You Need to Use Dispersion Models.........................................................7 2.1.1.1 What’s the Use of Dispersion Simulations.....................................................7 2.1.1.2 How Can Airviro Help?......................................................................................7 2.1.2 Model Assumptions..............................................................................................8 2.1.3 Brief description of the available models..........................................................9 2.1.4 How does Dispersion Module client work?.....................................................18 2.1.5 Guidance for the beginner:................................................................................18 2.1.6 Overview of the Dispersion Module Main Window.........................................19 2.1.6.1 Changing Weather Conditions – Model settings.........................................19 -
Development of the Next Generation Air Quality Models for Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Applications
Development of the Next Generation Air Quality Models for Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Applications Final Report: Volume 2 - CALPUFF Users Guide (CALMET and Preprocessors) March 2006 Prepared For: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Herndon, VA Contract No. 1435-01-01-CT-31071 Prepared By: Earth Tech, Inc. 196 Baker Avenue Concord, Massachusetts 01742 (978) 371-4000 Contents A. OVERVIEW A-1 A.1 Background A-1 A.2 Overview of the Modeling System A-4 A.3 Major Model Algorithms and Options A-14 A.4 Summary of Data and Computer Requirements A-23 B. GEOPHYSICAL DATA PROCESSORS B-1 B.1 TERREL Terrain Preprocessor B-3 B.2 Land Use Data Preprocessors (CTGCOMP and CTGPROC) B-17 B.3 MAKEGEO B-31 B.4 NIMA DATUM REFERENCE INFORMATION B-42 C. METEOROLOGICAL DATA PROCESSORS C-1 C.1 READ62 UPPER AIR PREPROCESSOR C-1 C.2 PXTRACT PRECIPITATION DATA EXTRACT PROGRAM C-12 C.3 PMERGE PRECIPITATION DATA PREPROCESSOR C-19 C.4 SMERGE SURFACE DATA METEOROLOGICAL PREPROCESSOR C-29 C.5 BUOY OVER-WATER DATA METEOROLOGICAL PREPROCESSOR C-39 D. PROGNOSTIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA PROCESSORS D-1 D.1 CALMM5 D-1 D.2 CALETA D-25 D.3 CALRUC D-40 D.4 CALRAMS D-48 D.5 3D.DAT OUTPUT FILE D-53 E. CALMET MODEL FILES E-1 E.1 User Control File (CALMET.INP) E-5 E.2 Geophysical Data File (GEO.DAT) E-49 E.3 Upper Air Data Files (UP1.DAT, UP2.DAT,...) E-61 E.4 Surface Meteorological Data File (SURF.DAT) E-66 E.5 Overwater Data Files (SEA1.DAT, SEA2.DAT, ...) E-70 E.6 Precipitation Data File (PRECIP.DAT) E-74 E.7 Preprocessed Diagnostic Model Data File (DIAG.DAT) E-78 E.8 Prognostic Model Data File (PROG.DAT) E-82 E.9 3D Model Data Files (3D.DAT) E-84 E.10 Terrain Weighting Factor Data File (WT.DAT) E-102 E.11 CALMET Output Files E-109 Volume II & III References A. -
Environmental Protection Agency
Wednesday, November 9, 2005 Part III Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Part 51 Revision to the Guideline on Air Quality Models: Adoption of a Preferred General Purpose (Flat and Complex Terrain) Dispersion Model and Other Revisions; Final Rule VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:55 Nov 08, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\09NOR3.SGM 09NOR3 68218 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 216 / Wednesday, November 9, 2005 / Rules and Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION telephone (919) 541–5562. SCRAM) at: www.epa.gov/scram001. AGENCY ([email protected]). You may find codes and documentation SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: for models referenced in today’s action 40 CFR Part 51 on the SCRAM Web site. We have also Outline uploaded various support documents [AH–FRL–7990–9] I. General Information (e.g., evaluation reports). II. Background RIN 2060–AK60 III. Public Hearing on the April 2000 II. Background proposal The Guideline is used by EPA, States, Revision to the Guideline on Air IV. Discussion of Public Comments and Quality Models: Adoption of a and industry to prepare and review new Issues from our April 21, 2000 Proposal source permits and State Preferred General Purpose (Flat and A. AERMOD and PRIME Complex Terrain) Dispersion Model B. Appropriate for Proposed Use Implementation Plan revisions. The and Other Revisions C. Implementation Issues/Additional Guideline is intended to ensure Guidance consistent air quality analyses for AGENCY: Environmental Protection D. AERMOD revision and reanalyses in activities regulated at 40 CFR 51.112, Agency (EPA). 2003 51.117, 51.150, 51.160, 51.166, and ACTION: Final rule. -
2005 Appendix W
Wednesday, November 9, 2005 Part III Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Part 51 Revision to the Guideline on Air Quality Models: Adoption of a Preferred General Purpose (Flat and Complex Terrain) Dispersion Model and Other Revisions; Final Rule VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:55 Nov 08, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\09NOR3.SGM 09NOR3 68218 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 216 / Wednesday, November 9, 2005 / Rules and Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION telephone (919) 541–5562. SCRAM) at: www.epa.gov/scram001. AGENCY ([email protected]). You may find codes and documentation SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: for models referenced in today’s action 40 CFR Part 51 on the SCRAM Web site. We have also Outline uploaded various support documents [AH–FRL–7990–9] I. General Information (e.g., evaluation reports). II. Background RIN 2060–AK60 III. Public Hearing on the April 2000 II. Background proposal The Guideline is used by EPA, States, Revision to the Guideline on Air IV. Discussion of Public Comments and Quality Models: Adoption of a and industry to prepare and review new Issues from our April 21, 2000 Proposal source permits and State Preferred General Purpose (Flat and A. AERMOD and PRIME Complex Terrain) Dispersion Model B. Appropriate for Proposed Use Implementation Plan revisions. The and Other Revisions C. Implementation Issues/Additional Guideline is intended to ensure Guidance consistent air quality analyses for AGENCY: Environmental Protection D. AERMOD revision and reanalyses in activities regulated at 40 CFR 51.112, Agency (EPA). 2003 51.117, 51.150, 51.160, 51.166, and ACTION: Final rule. -
Air Dispersion Modeling Guidelines for Arizona Air Quality Permits
Air Dispersion Modeling Guidelines for Arizona Air Quality Permits PREPARED BY: AIR QUALITY PERMIT SECTION AIR QUALITY DIVISION ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY September 23, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview of Regulatory Modeling ........................................................................... 2 1.2 Purpose of an Air Quality Modeling Analysis .......................................................... 2 1.3 Authority for Modeling ............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Acceptable Models.................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Overview of Modeling Protocols and Checklists ..................................................... 4 1.6 Overview of Modeling Reports ................................................................................ 5 2 LEVELS OF MODELING ANALYSIS SOPHISTICATION .................................. 5 2.1 Screening Modeling .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Refined Modeling ..................................................................................................... 7 3 MODELING ANALYSIS FEATURES ..................................................................... 10 3.1 Modeling Worst-Case Scenarios............................................................................